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Yao Y, Song L, Zuo Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Cai H, Gu Y, Lv Z, Guan J, Chen R, Wang B, Yang L, Huang X, Wang L. Parthenolide attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through inhibiting STAT3 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155976. [PMID: 39265445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic lung disease characterized by the progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling involves the proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth cells (PASMCs). Parthenolide (PTN) is a bioactive compound derived from a traditional medical plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), and it has been studied for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and other related ailments. However, the function of PTN in the treatment of PH has not been studied. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects of PTN on PH and investigate its potential mechanisms. METHODS An in vivo hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) model was established by maintaining male rats in a hypoxia chamber (10% O2) for 3 weeks, and PTN was intraperitoneally administered at the dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg. We assessed the impact of PTN on mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In vitro, we evaluated hypoxia-induced cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of rat PASMCs. Proteins related to the STAT3 signaling axis were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Recovery experiments were performed using the STAT3 activator, colivelin TFA. RESULTS PTN significantly alleviated the symptoms of HPH rats by attenuating pulmonary arterial remodeling. It also prevented the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. PTN also induced the apoptosis of PASMCs. PTN could directly interact with STAT3 and markedly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In vitro, and in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of STAT3 partially suppressed the effect of PTN. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that PTN alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats by suppressing STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Yao
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lanlan Song
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ziyi Zuo
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhanghang Lv
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiale Guan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Rujie Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Boxiang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang Y, Yang S, Lin M, Long J, Lin Y, Liang J, Ai Q, Chen N. CC chemokines Modulate Immune responses in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Adv Res 2024; 63:171-186. [PMID: 37926143 PMCID: PMC11380027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a progressive condition characterized by the remodeling of pulmonary arteries, ultimately culminating in right heart failure and increased mortality rates. Substantial evidence has elucidated the pivotal role of perivascular inflammatory factors and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PH. Chemokines, a class of small secreted proteins, exert precise control over immune cell recruitment and functionality, particularly with respect to their migration to sites of inflammation. Consequently, chemokines emerge as critical drivers facilitating immune cell infiltration into the pulmonary tissue during inflammatory responses. This review comprehensively examines the significant contributions of CC chemokines in the maintenance of immune cell homeostasis and their pivotal role in regulating inflammatory responses. The central focus of this discussion is directed towards elucidating the precise immunoregulatory actions of CC chemokines concerning various immune cell types, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, particularly in the context of pH processes. Furthermore, this paper delves into an exploration of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the development of PH. Specifically, it investigates processes such as cellular pyroptosis, examines the intricate crosstalk between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations and the immune response, and sheds light on key signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. These aspects are deemed critical in enhancing our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of PH. Moreover, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of findings from experimental investigations targeting immune cells and CC chemokines. AIM OF REVIEW In summary, the inquiry into the inflammatory responses mediated by CC chemokines and their corresponding receptors, and their potential in modulating immune reactions, holds promise as a prospective avenue for addressing PH. The potential inhibition of CC chemokines and their receptors stands as a viable strategy to attenuate the inflammatory cascade and ameliorate the pathological manifestations of PH. Nonetheless, it is essential to acknowledge the current state of clinical trials and the ensuing progress, which regrettably appears to be less than encouraging. Substantial hurdles exist in the successful translation of research findings into clinical applications. The intention is that such emphasis could potentially foster the advancement of potent therapeutic agents presently in the process of clinical evaluation. This, in turn, may further bolster the potential for effective management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Zhang Y, Li X, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Sun L. Immunotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From the Pathogenesis to Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8427. [PMID: 39125996 PMCID: PMC11313500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, which may lead to severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. As one of the main PH disease groups, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction. Increased pulmonary artery resistance consequently causes right heart failure, which is the major reason for morbidity and mortality in this disease. Although various treatment strategies have been available, the poor clinical prognosis of patients with PAH reminds us that further studies of the pathological mechanism of PAH are still needed. Inflammation has been elucidated as relevant to the initiation and progression of PAH, and plays a crucial and functional role in vascular remodeling. Many immune cells and cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the pulmonary vascular lesions in PAH patients, with the activation of downstream signaling pathways related to inflammation. Consistently, this influence has been found to correlate with the progression and clinical outcome of PAH, indicating that immunity and inflammation may have significant potential in PAH therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity in PAH development, focusing on the potential targets and clinical application of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Brosinsky P, Heger J, Sydykov A, Weiss A, Klatt S, Czech L, Kraut S, Schermuly RT, Schlüter KD, Schulz R. Does Cell-Type-Specific Silencing of Monoamine Oxidase B Interfere with the Development of Right Ventricle (RV) Hypertrophy or Right Ventricle Failure in Pulmonary Hypertension? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6212. [PMID: 38892401 PMCID: PMC11172614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is important for the development of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVH) and failure (RVF) during pulmonary hypertension (PH). ROS molecules are produced in different compartments within the cell, with mitochondria known to produce the strongest ROS signal. Among ROS-forming mitochondrial proteins, outer-mitochondrial-membrane-located monoamine oxidases (MAOs, type A or B) are capable of degrading neurotransmitters, thereby producing large amounts of ROS. In mice, MAO-B is the dominant isoform, which is present in almost all cell types within the heart. We analyzed the effect of an inducible cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of MAO-B (cmMAO-B KO) for the development of RVH and RVF in mice. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB). RV dimensions and function were measured through echocardiography. ROS production (dihydroethidium staining), protein kinase activity (PamStation device), and systemic hemodynamics (in vivo catheterization) were assessed. A significant decrease in ROS formation was measured in cmMAO-B KO mice during PAB compared to Cre-negative littermates, which was associated with reduced activity of protein kinases involved in hypertrophic growth. In contrast to littermates in which the RV was dilated and hypertrophied following PAB, RV dimensions were unaffected in response to PAB in cmMAO-B KO mice, and no decline in RV systolic function otherwise seen in littermates during PAB was measured in cmMAO-B KO mice. In conclusion, cmMAO-B KO mice are protected against RV dilatation, hypertrophy, and dysfunction following RV pressure overload compared to littermates. These results support the hypothesis that cmMAO-B is a key player in causing RV hypertrophy and failure during PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Monoamine Oxidase/genetics
- Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism
- Monoamine Oxidase/deficiency
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin Brosinsky
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Vascular Research Centre, Goethe Universität, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Laureen Czech
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Simone Kraut
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
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Bazant J, Weiss A, Baldauf J, Schermuly RT, Hain T, Lucas R, Mraheil MA. Pneumococcal hydrogen peroxide regulates host cell kinase activity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1414195. [PMID: 38903521 PMCID: PMC11188345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein kinases are indispensable reversible molecular switches that adapt and control protein functions during cellular processes requiring rapid responses to internal and external events. Bacterial infections can affect kinase-mediated phosphorylation events, with consequences for both innate and adaptive immunity, through regulation of antigen presentation, pathogen recognition, cell invasiveness and phagocytosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a human respiratory tract pathogen and a major cause of community-acquired pneumoniae, affects phosphorylation-based signalling of several kinases, but the pneumococcal mediator(s) involved in this process remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the influence of pneumococcal H2O2 on the protein kinase activity of the human lung epithelial H441 cell line, a generally accepted model of alveolar epithelial cells. Methods We performed kinome analysis using PamGene microarray chips and protein analysis in Western blotting in H441 lung cells infected with Spn wild type (SpnWT) or with SpnΔlctOΔspxB -a deletion mutant strongly attenuated in H2O2 production- to assess the impact of pneumococcal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on global protein kinase activity profiles. Results Our kinome analysis provides direct evidence that kinase activity profiles in infected H441 cells significantly vary according to the levels of pneumococcal H2O2. A large number of kinases in H441 cells infected with SpnWT are significantly downregulated, whereas this no longer occurs in cells infected with the mutant SpnΔlctOΔspxB strain, which lacks H2O2. In particular, we describe for the first time H2O2-mediated downregulation of Protein kinase B (Akt1) and activation of lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase (Lck) via H2O2-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bazant
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio–Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Baldauf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio–Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio–Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Schlueter BC, Quanz K, Baldauf J, Petrovic A, Ruppert C, Guenther A, Gall H, Tello K, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Weiss A. The diverging roles of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107379. [PMID: 38762131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, severe and to date not curable disease of the pulmonary vasculature. Alterations of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system are known to play a role in vascular pathologies and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulators of the bioavailability and function of IGFs. In this study, we show that circulating plasma levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients compared to healthy individuals. These binding proteins inhibit the IGF-1 induced IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) phosphorylation and exhibit diverging effects on the IGF-1 induced signaling pathways in human pulmonary arterial cells (i.e. healthy as well as IPAH-hPASMCs, and healthy hPAECs). Furthermore, IGFBPs are differentially expressed in an experimental mouse model of PH. In hypoxic mouse lungs, IGFBP-1 mRNA expression is decreased whereas the mRNA for IGFBP-2 is increased. In contrast to IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 shows vaso-constrictive properties in the murine pulmonary vasculature. Our analyses show that IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 exhibit diverging effects on IGF-1 signaling and display a unique IGF1R-independent kinase activation pattern in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs), which represent a major contributor of PAH pathobiology. Furthermore, we could show that IGFBP-2, in contrast to IGFBP-1, induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, Stat-3 activation and expression of Stat-3 target genes. Based on our results, we conclude that the IGFBP family, especially IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3, are deregulated in PAH, that they affect IGF signaling and thereby regulate the cellular phenotype in PH.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Male
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- Disease Models, Animal
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/metabolism
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/physiopathology
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/pathology
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/genetics
- Female
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Vascular Remodeling
- Adult
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Christiane Schlueter
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Karin Quanz
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Julia Baldauf
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Petrovic
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein 35753, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Khodr Tello
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany; Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (JLU), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen 35392, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), EXC 2026, Project ID: 390649896, Giessen 35392, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35392, Germany.
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7
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Wang J, Liu C, Huang SS, Wang HF, Cheng CY, Ma JS, Li RN, Lian TY, Li XM, Ma YJ, Jing ZC. Functions and novel regulatory mechanisms of key glycolytic enzymes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176492. [PMID: 38503401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Despite its clinical significance, the precise molecular mechanisms driving PAH pathogenesis warrant confirmation. Compelling evidence indicates that during the development of PAH, pulmonary vascular cells exhibit a preference for energy generation through aerobic glycolysis, known as the "Warburg effect", even in well-oxygenated conditions. This metabolic shift results in imbalanced metabolism, increased proliferation, and severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. Exploring the Warburg effect and its interplay with glycolytic enzymes in the context of PAH has yielded current insights into emerging drug candidates targeting enzymes and intermediates involved in glucose metabolism. This sheds light on both opportunities and challenges in the realm of antiglycolytic therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shen-Shen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chun-Yan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Si Ma
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475100, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475100, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xian-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Ma
- National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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8
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Wang E, Zhang B, Huang L, Li P, Han R, Zhou S, Zeng D, Wang R. LncRNA MIR210HG promotes phenotype switching of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells through autophagy-dependent ferroptosis pathway. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01963-4. [PMID: 38635022 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathophysiological syndrome in which pulmonary vascular pressure increases under hypoxic stimulation and there is an urgent need to develop emerging therapies for the treatment of HPH. LncRNA MIR210HG is a long non-coding RNA closely related to hypoxia and has been widely reported in a variety of tumor diseases. But its mechanism in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is not clear. In this study, we identified for the first time the potential effect of MIR210HG on disease progression in HPH. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism through which elevated levels of MIR210HG promotes the transition from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype in PASMCs under hypoxia via activation of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis pathway. While overexpression of HIF-2α in PASMCs under hypoxia significantly reversed the phenotypic changes induced by MIR210HG knockdown. We further investigated the potential positive regulatory relationship between STAT3 and the transcription of MIR210HG in PASMCs under hypoxic conditions. In addition, we established both in vivo and in vitro models of HPH to validate the differential expression of specific markers associated with hypoxia. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism of LncRNA MIR210HG in the progression of HPH and offer potential targets for disease intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Occupational Disease, Hefei Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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9
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Thoreau B, Mouthon L. Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD-PAH): Recent and advanced data. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103506. [PMID: 38135175 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), corresponding to group 1 of pulmonary hypertension classification, is a rare disease with a major prognostic impact on morbidity and mortality. PAH can be either primary in idiopathic and heritable forms or secondary to other conditions including connective tissue diseases (CTD-PAH). Within CTD-PAH, the leading cause of PAH is systemic sclerosis (SSc) in Western countries, whereas systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are predominantly associated with PAH in Asia. Although many advances have been made during the last two decades regarding classification, definition early screening and risk stratification and therapeutic aspects with initial combination treatment, the specificities of CTD-PAH are not yet clear. In this manuscript, we review recent literature data regarding the updated definition and classification of PAH, pathogenesis, epidemiology, detection, prognosis and treatment of CTD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thoreau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, AP-HP.Centre, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Cedex 14 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases, AP-HP.Centre, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Cedex 14 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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10
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Sun L, Liu L, Liang D, Liu L. SOCS5, targeted by miR-155-5p, plays a negative regulatory role in pulmonary hypertension through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38267898 PMCID: PMC10809471 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic pulmonary vascular disease and causes massive deaths. Here, we intended to investigate the function and mechanism of SOCS5 in PH. We engineered a hypoxia-induced PH model in mice. HE staining were implemented to evaluate pathological alterations in the lung tissues. The potential mechanism of SOCS5 in regulating hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) function was explored in vitro. RT-qPCR and western blot revealed that the level of SOCS5 was decreased both in PH mice and hypoxia-induced HPASMCs. Functional assays were performed for confirming the role of SOCS5 in modulating the cell phenotype and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in HPASMCs. Results revealed that overexpression of SOCS5 suppressed proliferation, migration and contraction of HPASMCs and negatively regulated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in HPASMCs under hypoxia in vitro, while knockdown of SOCS5 accelerated it. As evidenced by mechanism studies, SOCS5 was targeted and regulated by miR-155-5p, hence affecting on HPASMC proliferation, migration and contraction. These outcomes indicated that the decreased level of SOCS5 in hypoxia-induced HPASMCs promoted the cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell contraction through activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, SOCS5 was targeted by miR-155-5p. All in all, our work hinted that miR-155-5p/SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 axis played a crucial part in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Ward of Respiratory and Critical Care Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Section 5 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Ward of Respiratory and Critical Care Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Section 5 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Dongxue Liang
- Ward of Respiratory and Critical Care Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Section 5 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Ward of Respiratory and Critical Care Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Section 5 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China.
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11
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Johnson S, Sommer N, Cox-Flaherty K, Weissmann N, Ventetuolo CE, Maron BA. Pulmonary Hypertension: A Contemporary Review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:528-548. [PMID: 37450768 PMCID: PMC10492255 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202302-0327so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with lung disease, and chronic thromboembolic PH cast new light on the pathogenetic mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic armamentarium for pulmonary vascular disease. Here, we summarize key basic, translational, and clinical PH reports, emphasizing findings that build on current state-of-the-art research. This review includes cutting-edge progress in translational pulmonary vascular biology, with a guide to the diagnosis of patients in clinical practice, incorporating recent PH definition revisions that continue emphasis on early detection of disease. PH management is reviewed including an overview of the evolving considerations for the approach to treatment of PH in patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities, as well as a discussion of the groundbreaking sotatercept data for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelsey Johnson
- The Pulmonary Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Corey E. Ventetuolo
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bradley A. Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Huang H, Lin D, Hu L, Wang J, Yu Y, Yu Y, Li K, Chen F. RNA Binding Protein Quaking Promotes Hypoxia-induced Smooth Muscle Reprogramming in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:159-171. [PMID: 37146099 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0349oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and remodeling, which eventually leads to right ventricular failure and death. The aim of this study was to identify novel molecular mechanisms involved in the hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PH. In this study, we first demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression amounts of QKI (Quaking), an RNA-binding protein, were elevated in human and rodent PH lung and pulmonary artery tissues and hypoxic human PASMCs. QKI deficiency attenuated PASMC proliferation in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. Next, we elucidated that QKI increases STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) mRNA stability by binding to its 3' untranslated region. QKI inhibition reduced STAT3 expression and alleviated PASMC proliferation in vitro. Moreover, we also observed that the upregulated expression of STAT3 promoted PASMC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, as a transcription factor, STAT3 bound to microRNA (miR)-146b promoter to enhance its expression. We further showed that miR-146b promoted the proliferation of smooth muscle cells by inhibiting STAT1 and TET2 (Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) during pulmonary vascular remodeling. This study has demonstrated new mechanistic insights into hypoxic reprogramming that arouses vascular remodeling, thus providing proof of concept for targeting vascular remodeling by directly modulating the QKI-STAT3-miR-146b pathway in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine and
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine and
| | | | | | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine and
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Verstovsek S, Mesa RA, Livingston RA, Hu W, Mascarenhas J. Ten years of treatment with ruxolitinib for myelofibrosis: a review of safety. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:82. [PMID: 37501130 PMCID: PMC10373260 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, anemia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and splenomegaly. Patients with MF are at risk for reduced survival versus the general population and often experience burdensome signs and symptoms that reduce quality of life. The oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib was initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk MF, including primary MF, post-polycythemia vera MF, and post-essential thrombocythemia MF, based on efficacy and safety findings from the randomized, controlled, phase 3 COMFORT trials. Over a decade later, ruxolitinib continues to be the standard of care in higher-risk MF, and dose optimization and management remain crucial for safely maximizing clinical benefits of ruxolitinib. This review summarizes the safety profile of ruxolitinib in patients with MF in the COMFORT trials leading up to approval and in the subsequent JUMP, ROBUST, EXPAND, and REALISE trials; in pooled analyses; and in postmarketing analyses in the 10 years following approval. There is a focus on the occurrence of common hematologic and nonhematologic adverse events, with guidance provided on the management of patients with anemia or thrombocytopenia, including dosing strategies based on findings from the REALISE and EXPAND trials. Finally, to ensure a greater understanding of the safety profile of ruxolitinib, practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdan Verstovsek
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, 11th Floor, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Wilson Hu
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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14
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Xu WJ, Wu Q, He WN, Wang S, Zhao YL, Huang JX, Yan XS, Jiang R. Interleukin-6 and pulmonary hypertension: from physiopathology to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181987. [PMID: 37449201 PMCID: PMC10337993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, pulmonary vascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PH is complex and remains unclear. Existing studies have suggested that inflammatory factors are key factors in PH. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. Current studies reveal that IL-6 is elevated in the serum of patients with PH and it is negatively correlated with lung function in those patients. Since IL-6 is one of the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation in PH, signaling mechanisms targeting IL-6 may become therapeutic targets for this disease. In this review, we detailed the potential role of IL-6 in accelerating PH process and the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways. We also summarized the current drugs targeting these inflammatory pathways to treat PH. We hope that this study will provide a more theoretical basis for targeted treatment in patients with PH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ni He
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Xia Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Shen Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Jandl K, Radic N, Zeder K, Kovacs G, Kwapiszewska G. Pulmonary vascular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension - The role of the extracellular matrix as a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108438. [PMID: 37210005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterized by changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and vascular remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries. These changes result in increased vessel wall thickness and lumen occlusion, leading to a loss of elasticity and vessel stiffening. Clinically, the mechanobiology of the pulmonary vasculature is becoming increasingly recognized for its prognostic and diagnostic value in PH. Specifically, the increased vascular fibrosis and stiffening resulting from ECM accumulation and crosslinking may be a promising target for the development of anti- or reverse-remodeling therapies. Indeed, there is a huge potential in therapeutic interference with mechano-associated pathways in vascular fibrosis and stiffening. The most direct approach is aiming to restore extracellular matrix homeostasis, by interference with its production, deposition, modification and turnover. Besides structural cells, immune cells contribute to the level of ECM maturation and degradation by direct cell-cell contact or the release of mediators and proteases, thereby opening a huge avenue to target vascular fibrosis via immunomodulation approaches. Indirectly, intracellular pathways associated with altered mechanobiology, ECM production, and fibrosis, offer a third option for therapeutic intervention. In PH, a vicious cycle of persistent activation of mechanosensing pathways such as YAP/TAZ initiates and perpetuates vascular stiffening, and is linked to key pathways disturbed in PH, such as TGF-beta/BMPR2/STAT. Together, this complexity of the regulation of vascular fibrosis and stiffening in PH allows the exploration of numerous potential therapeutic interventions. This review discusses connections and turning points of several of these interventions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Zeder
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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16
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Zhang C, Sun Y, Guo Y, Xu J, Zhao H. JMJD1C promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation by activating glycolysis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:98. [PMID: 36934091 PMCID: PMC10024756 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). JMJD1C, a member of the Jumonji domain containing C (JMJC) histone demethylase family, contributes to cardiovascular dysfunction. However, the role of JMJD1C in PAH remains unknown. Mice were exposed to hypoxia to mimic several features associated with PAH clinically. We found that JMJD1C was highly expressed in the lungs of mice after hypoxia exposure. JMJD1C knockdown ameliorated hypoxia-induced right ventricular remodeling and thickening of the pulmonary arterial wall. PASMC hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis in mice exposed to hypoxia were suppressed by JMJD1C inhibition. We demonstrated that JMJD1C silencing reduced glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PGK1 and LDHA) and lactate overaccumulation in the lungs of mice exposed to hypoxia. In vitro, hypoxia-induced hyperproliferation and activated glycolytic processes in mouse PASMCs were impaired by JMJD1C knockdown. In addition, the activation of STAT3 signaling by hypoxia was suppressed by JMJD1C silencing both in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of STAT3 reversed the inhibitory effect of JMJD1C depletion on proliferation and glycolysis in PASMCs under hypoxia. Thus, JMJD1C induces glycolytic processes by activating STAT3 signaling to promote PASMC proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling, suggesting the potential role of JMJD1C in regulating the metabolic program and vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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17
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Yang L, Wan N, Gong F, Wang X, Feng L, Liu G. Transcription factors and potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1132060. [PMID: 37009479 PMCID: PMC10064017 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a refractory and fatal disease characterized by excessive pulmonary arterial cell remodeling. Uncontrolled proliferation and hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), dysfunction of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), and abnormal perivascular infiltration of immune cells result in pulmonary arterial remodeling, followed by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary pressure. Although various drugs targeting nitric oxide, endothelin-1 and prostacyclin pathways have been used in clinical settings, the mortality of pulmonary hypertension remains high. Multiple molecular abnormalities have been implicated in pulmonary hypertension, changes in numerous transcription factors have been identified as key regulators in pulmonary hypertension, and a role for pulmonary vascular remodeling has been highlighted. This review consolidates evidence linking transcription factors and their molecular mechanisms, from pulmonary vascular intima PAECs, vascular media PASMCs, and pulmonary arterial adventitia fibroblasts to pulmonary inflammatory cells. These findings will improve the understanding of particularly interactions between transcription factor-mediated cellular signaling pathways and identify novel therapies for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanpeng Gong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guizhu Liu,
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Wang R, Loscalzo J. Uncovering common pathobiological processes between COVID-19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension by integrating Omics data. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12191. [PMID: 36721384 PMCID: PMC9880519 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which led to the current pandemic. Many factors, including age and comorbidities, influence the severity and mortality of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause pulmonary vascular dysfunction. The COVID-19 case-fatality rate in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is higher in comparison with the general population. In this study, we aimed to identify pathobiological processes common to COVID-19 and PAH by utilizing the human protein-protein interactome and whole-genome transcription data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and from lung tissue. We found that there are significantly more interactions between SARS-CoV-2 targets and PAH disease proteins than expected by chance, suggesting that the PAH disease module is in the neighborhood of SARS-CoV-2 targets in the human interactome. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced changes in gene expression significantly overlap with PAH-induced gene expression changes in both tissues, indicating SARS-CoV-2 and PAH may share common transcriptional regulators. We identified many upregulated genes and downregulated genes common to COVID-19 and PAH. Interestingly, we observed different co-regulation patterns and dysfunctional signaling pathways in PBMCs versus lung tissue. Endophenotype enrichment analysis revealed that genes regulating fibrosis, inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, immune response, and thromboembolism are significantly enriched in the COVID-19-PAH co-expression modules. We examined the network proximity of the targets of repositioned drugs for COVID-19 to the co-expression modules in PBMCs and lung tissue, and identified 42 drugs that can be potentially used for COVID-19 patients with PAH as a comorbidity. The uncovered common pathobiological pathways are crucial for discovering therapeutic targets and designing tailored treatments for COVID-19 patients who also have PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Hong J, Wong B, Rhodes CJ, Kurt Z, Schwantes-An TH, Mickler EA, Gräf S, Eyries M, Lutz KA, Pauciulo MW, Trembath RC, Montani D, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Nichols WC, Trégouët DA, Aldred MA, Desai AA, Tuder RM, Geraci MW, Eghbali M, Stearman RS, Yang X. Integrative Multiomics to Dissect the Lung Transcriptional Landscape of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523812. [PMID: 36712057 PMCID: PMC9882207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an incurable and often fatal disease despite currently available therapies. Multiomics systems biology analysis can shed new light on PAH pathobiology and inform translational research efforts. Using RNA sequencing on the largest PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control), we aim to identify gene co-expression network modules associated with PAH and potential therapeutic targets. Co-expression network analysis was performed to identify modules of co-expressed genes which were then assessed for and prioritized by importance in PAH, regulatory role, and therapeutic potential via integration with clinicopathologic data, human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PAH, lung Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and pharmacotranscriptomic profiles. We identified a co-expression module of 266 genes, called the pink module, which may be a response to the underlying disease process to counteract disease progression in PAH. This module was associated not only with PAH severity such as increased PVR and intimal thickness, but also with compensated PAH such as lower number of hospitalizations, WHO functional class and NT-proBNP. GWAS integration demonstrated the pink module is enriched for PAH-associated genetic variation in multiple cohorts. Regulatory network analysis revealed that BMPR2 regulates the main target of FDA-approved riociguat, GUCY1A2, in the pink module. Analysis of pathway enrichment and pink hub genes (i.e. ANTXR1 and SFRP4) suggests the pink module inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell type deconvolution showed the pink module correlates with higher vascular cell fractions (i.e. myofibroblasts). A pharmacotranscriptomic screen discovered ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) as potential therapeutic targets to mimic the pink module signature. Our multiomics integrative study uncovered a novel gene subnetwork associated with clinicopathologic severity, genetic risk, specific vascular cell types, and new therapeutic targets in PAH. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of the pink module and targeting USPs in PAH.
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20
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Fiorentini E, Bonomi F, Peretti S, Orlandi M, Lepri G, Matucci Cerinic M, Bellando Randone S, Guiducci S. Potential Role of JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Narrative Review from Pathogenesis to Real-Life Data. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122101. [PMID: 36556466 PMCID: PMC9785277 DOI: 10.3390/life12122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is one of the most relevant complications of SSc and the major cause of death. The pathogenesis of SSc-ILD involves a complex interplay of multiple cell types and different molecular pathways, with both inflammation and fibrosis as pathological hallmarks. To date, there are no treatments able to target both components of the disease. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) represent an interesting therapeutic option because they exert both anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. METHODS Here, we performed a narrative review concerning the potential role of JAKinibs in SSc-ILD to define the state of art and to evaluate the pathogenetic rationale behind this type of treatment. RESULTS Currently, few studies investigated SSc-ILD response to JAKinibs treatment. Data were analyzed from three clinical studies and four case reports and progression of SSc-ILD was not evident in 93.5% of patients treated with JAKinibs. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence of efficacy of JAKinibs in SSc-ILD is sparse but promising. JAKinibs could be an interesting treatment in SSc-ILD because of their potential inhibition of the fibrotic processes combined with their anti-inflammatory action. Moreover, JAKinibs were also shown in some studies to have a potential effect on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), another threatening complication in SSc. More data are necessary to define JAKinibs role in SSc-ILD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fiorentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Peretti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Orlandi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci Cerinic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando Randone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Inhibition of JAK1,2 Prevents Fibrotic Remodeling of Pulmonary Vascular Bed and Improves Outcomes in the Rat Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415646. [PMID: 36555286 PMCID: PMC9779027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism with poor clinical outcomes. Therapeutic approaches to prevention of fibrotic remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed in CTEPH are limited. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibition with ruxolitinib might prevent and attenuate CTEPH in a rat model. CTEPH was induced by repeated embolization of the pulmonary artery with partially biodegradable 180 ± 30 μm alginate microspheres. Two weeks after the last injection of microspheres, ruxolitinib was administered orally at doses of 0.86, 2.58, and 4.28 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks. Prednisolone (1.475 mg/kg, i.m.) was used as a reference drug. Ruxolitinib in all doses as well as prednisolone reduced pulmonary vascular wall hypertrophy. Ruxolitinib at a dose of 2.58 mg/kg and prednisolone reduced vascular wall fibrosis. Prednisolone treatment resulted in decreased right ventricular systolic pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance was lower in the prednisolone and ruxolitinib (4.28 mg/kg) groups in comparison with the placebo group. The plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide was lower in groups receiving ruxolitinib at doses of 2.58 and 4.28 mg/kg versus placebo. This study demonstrated that JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib dose-dependently reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling, thereby preventing CTEPH formation in rats.
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22
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Zhao J, Wang Q, Deng X, Qian J, Tian Z, Liu Y, Li M, Zeng X. The treatment strategy of connective tissue disease associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: Evolving into the future. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Huang L, Li H, Huang S, Wang S, Liu Q, Luo L, Gan S, Fu G, Zou P, Chen G, Wu Z. Notopterol Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rat. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859422. [PMID: 35722110 PMCID: PMC9203832 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies have improved lung hemodynamics, cardiac function, and quality of life; however, none of these have reversed the ongoing remodeling of blood vessels. Considering notopterol, a linear furocoumarin extracted from the root of traditional Chinese medicine Qiang-Huo (Notopterygium incisum), had shown the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies, we hypothesized that it could play a role in ameliorating PAH. Methods In vivo, we conducted monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH rats and treated them with notopterol for 3 weeks. Then, the rats were examined by echocardiography and RV catheterization. The heart and lung specimens were harvested for the detection of gross examination, histological examination and expression of inflammatory molecules. In vitro, human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were treated with notopterol after hypoxia; then, cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8 and Edu assay, and cell migration was detected by wound healing assays. Results We found that notopterol improved mortality rate and RV function while reducing right ventricular systolic pressure in MCT-induced PAH rats. Furthermore, notopterol reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and it also eased pulmonary vascular remodeling and MCT-induced muscularization. In addition, notopterol attenuated the pro-inflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6) and PCNA in the lungs of PAH rats. For the cultured HPASMCs subjected to hypoxia, we found that notopterol can inhibit the proliferation and migration of HPASMCs. Conclusion Our studies show that notopterol exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in the pulmonary arteries, which may contribute to prevention of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunjun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangjiao Gan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangguo Fu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - PeiYun Zou
- GuangZhou Janus Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangxian Chen
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongkai Wu
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Magnolol alleviates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling through inhibition of phenotypic transformation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113060. [PMID: 35658230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation and excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play an important role in vascular remodeling during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl) is the major bioactive constituent isolated from the bark of Magnolia Officinalis, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the effect of magnolol on the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of magnolol on the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia. In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for four weeks to establish a PH model. The results showed that hypoxia treatment led to an increase in right ventricle systolic pressure, Fulton index, collagen production, accompanied by upregulation in the expression of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, OPN, PCNA, CyclinD1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3, as well as decreases in expression of SM-22α; these changes were attenuated by magnolol. In vitro, the primary cultured PASMCs were exposed to 3% O2 for 48 h to induce phenotypic transformation. Consistent with the findings in vivo, magnolol treatment could prevent the phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia, accompanied by downregulation in the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In summary, this study demonstrated that the protective effect of magnolol on PH vascular remodeling is related to the inhibition of phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Chen J, Rodriguez M, Miao J, Liao J, Jain PP, Zhao M, Zhao T, Babicheva A, Wang Z, Parmisano S, Powers R, Matti M, Paquin C, Soroureddin Z, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is required for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L737-L760. [PMID: 35318857 PMCID: PMC9076422 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00447.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although pulmonary vasoconstriction may be an early contributor to increasing PVR, the transition of contractile PASMCs to proliferative PASMCs may play an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is a trigger for PASMC contraction and proliferation. Here, we report that upregulation of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is involved in the contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition of PASMCs and potential development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. By comparing freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMCs) and primary cultured PASMCs (from the same rat) in a growth medium (proliferative PASMCs), we found that Piezo1, Notch2/3, and CaSR protein levels were significantly higher in proliferative PASMCs than in contractile PASMCs. Upregulated Piezo1 was associated with an increase in expression of PCNA, a marker for cell proliferation, whereas downregulation (with siRNA) or inhibition (with GsMTx4) of Piezo1 attenuated PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, Piezo1 in the remodeled PA from rats with experimental PH was upregulated compared with PA from control rats. These data indicate that PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition is associated with the transition or adaptation of membrane channels and receptors. Upregulated Piezo1 may play a critical role in PASMC phenotypic transition and PASMC proliferation. Upregulation of Piezo1 in proliferative PASMCs may likely be required to provide sufficient Ca2+ to assure nuclear/cell division and PASMC proliferation, contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jinrui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zahra Soroureddin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Westhoff M, Litterst P, Kreppein U. [Pulmonary Hypertension and Polycythemia vera]. Pneumologie 2022; 76:345-353. [PMID: 35381612 DOI: 10.1055/a-1775-6424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloproliferative diseases are rare causes of PH class 5 according to Nice classification 2018. The present case reports show different courses, on the one hand with a primary manifestation of a PH and subsequently a PV, on the other hand with the development of a PH in the context of a PV. CASE REPORTS 1) At first contact, a 75-year-old female patient who complained progressive dyspnea and had evidence of stress-PH in the right heart catheter. During the course she developed a resting PH of up to 70 mmHg systolic despite initial monotherapy and subsequent dual therapy for PH. After 5 years she had the diagnosis of polycythemia vera, treated with hydroxycarbamide and subsequent phlebotomies. In the further course increasing cardiac decompensation and death. 2) 74-year-old female patient at the time of diagnosis of chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis. After 7 years, evidence of polycythemia vera (V617F mutation in the JAK2 gene), a monoclonal gammopathy. In the case of splenomegaly, irradiation of the spleen was carried out and, after 1 year, therapy with ruxolitinib was started. After another 2 years, with increasing dyspnea, pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) with a PA-mean of 43 mmHg and a PVR of 4.5 WE were detected. With anticoagulation and riociguat therapy exercise capacity and PA pressures were only temporarily improved. Within 1 year restrictive ventilation, hypoxemia, heart failure (EF 45 %) with leading right heart decompensation and cardiorenal syndrome developed. Dialysis showed only short-term recompensation, and the patient died. DISCUSSION The case reports are characterized by a combination of PV and PH, with different temporal sequence, as well as only a low influence of PH-specific therapy, with subsequent progressive cardiac decompensation. Thus, they reflect the different etiologies, clinical manifestations, and the low therapeutic influence of PH in myeloproliferative disorders. The value of PH-specific therapy remains unclear, especially in view of different pathomechanisms in the genesis of PH. CONCLUSION Patients with myeloproliferative diseases require screening for PH. In the course of PH, myeloproliferative disease can unmask or develop. The therapeutic influence on PH is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Westhoff
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Lungenklinik Hemer, Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Hemer.,Universität Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Patric Litterst
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Lungenklinik Hemer, Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Hemer
| | - Ursula Kreppein
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Lungenklinik Hemer, Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Hemer
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Woods ML, Weiss A, Sokol AM, Graumann J, Boettger T, Richter AM, Schermuly RT, Dammann RH. Epigenetically silenced apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase (AATK) facilitates a decreased expression of Cyclin D1 and WEE1, phosphorylates TP53 and reduces cell proliferation in a kinase-dependent manner. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1975-1987. [PMID: 35902728 PMCID: PMC9750878 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Silencing of the Apoptosis associated Tyrosine Kinase gene (AATK) has been described in cancer. In our study, we specifically investigated the epigenetic inactivation of AATK in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lower grade glioma, lung, breast, head, and neck cancer. The resulting loss of AATK correlates with impaired patient survival. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) reactivated AATK in glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. In contrast, epigenetic targeting via the CRISPR/dCas9 system with either EZH2 or DNMT3A inhibited the expression of AATK. Via large-scale kinomic profiling and kinase assays, we demonstrate that AATK acts a Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates TP53 at Ser366. Furthermore, whole transcriptome analyses and mass spectrometry associate AATK expression with the GO term 'regulation of cell proliferation'. The kinase activity of AATK in comparison to the kinase-dead mutant mediates a decreased expression of the key cell cycle regulators Cyclin D1 and WEE1. Moreover, growth suppression through AATK relies on its kinase activity. In conclusion, the Ser/Thr kinase AATK represses growth and phosphorylates TP53. Furthermore, expression of AATK was correlated with a better patient survival for different cancer entities. This data suggests that AATK acts as an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Woods
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.452624.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna M. Sokol
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XScientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XScientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Present Address: Institute for Translational Proteomics, Department of Medicine, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Antje M. Richter
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.452624.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard H. Dammann
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.440517.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Yang H, Lu Y, Yang H, Zhu Y, Tang Y, Li L, Liu C, Yuan J. Integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncovers STAT1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) and IFI44L (interferon-induced protein 44-like) as key genes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6021-6034. [PMID: 34516357 PMCID: PMC8806536 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1972200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the multiple diagnostic and therapeutic strategies implemented in clinical practice, the mortality rate of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains high. Understanding the mechanisms and key genes involved could provide insight into the drivers of the pathogenesis of PAH. In this research, we aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying PAH and identify key genes with potential usefulness as clinical biomarkers of PAH and thereby establish therapeutic targets for PAH. The datasets GSE117261, GSE113439, and GSE53408 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEOs) database. We used weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify networks and the most relevant modules in PAH. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for the selected clinically relevant modules. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to identify key genes in lung samples from patients with PAH. The genes were validated in a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model. Three clinically relevant modules were identified through average linkage hierarchical clustering. The genes in the clinically relevant modules were related to endothelial cell differentiation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Seven genes were screened as key genes significantly associated with PAH. Interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) were expressed at higher levels in the lung tissues of the PAH rat model than in those of the controls. Our findings reveal the novel pathological mechanisms underlying PAH and indicate that STAT1 and IFI44L may represent potential therapeutic targets in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoxi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fu M, Luo F, Wang E, Jiang Y, Liu S, Peng J, Liu B. Magnolol Attenuates Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertensive Rats Through Inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755077. [PMID: 34764873 PMCID: PMC8576411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) remodeling is one of the essential pathological features in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RV hypertrophy or fibrosis are the leading causes of RV remodeling. Magnolol (6, 6′, 7, 12-tetramethoxy-2,2′-dimethyl-1-β-berbaman, C18H18O2) is a compound isolated from Magnolia Officinalis. It possesses multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of magnolol on RV remodeling in hypoxia-induced PAH. In vivo, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 10% O2 for 4 weeks to establish an RV remodeling model, which showed hypertrophic and fibrotic features (increases of Fulton index, cellular size, hypertrophic and fibrotic marker expression), accompanied by an elevation in phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3; these changes were attenuated by treating with magnolol. In vitro, the cultured H9c2 cells or cardiac fibroblasts were exposed to 3% O2 for 48 h to induce hypertrophy or fibrosis, which showed hypertrophic (increases in cellular size as well as the expression of ANP and BNP) or fibrotic features (increases in the expression of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, and α-SMA). Administration of magnolol and TG-101348 or JSI-124 (both JAK2 selective inhibitors) could prevent myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, accompanied by the decrease in the phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3. Based on these observations, we conclude that magnolol can attenuate RV hypertrophy and fibrosis in hypoxia-induced PAH rats through a mechanism involving inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Magnolol may possess the potential clinical value for PAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangmei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Eli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Silencing IL12p35 Promotes Angiotensin II-Mediated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm through Activating the STAT4 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9450843. [PMID: 34354545 PMCID: PMC8331298 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9450843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and the important causes of death among men over the age of 65 years. Interleukin-12p35 (IL12p35) is an inflammatory cytokine that participates in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of IL12p35 in the formation and development of AAA is still unknown. Experimental Approach. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice were generated and infused with 1.44 mg/kg angiotensin II (Ang II) per day. We found that IL12p35 expression was noticeably increased in the murine AAA aorta and isolated aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) after Ang II stimulation. IL12p35 silencing promoted Ang II-induced AAA formation and rupture in Apoe−/− mice. IL12p35 silencing markedly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in both the serum and AAA aorta. Additionally, IL12p35 silencing exacerbated SMC apoptosis in Apoe−/− mice after Ang II infusion. IL12p35 silencing significantly increased signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 phosphorylation levels in AAA mice, and STAT4 knockdown abolished the IL12p35-mediated proinflammatory response and SMC apoptosis. Interpretation. Silencing IL12p35 promotes AAA formation by activating the STAT4 pathway, and IL12p35 may serve as a novel and promising therapeutic target for AAA treatment.
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31
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Lopez-Crisosto C, Arias-Carrasco R, Sepulveda P, Garrido-Olivares L, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Novel molecular insights and public omics data in pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166200. [PMID: 34144090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality which mainly affects women of reproductive age. Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, the high heterogeneity in the presentation of the disease among different patients makes it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis and to apply this knowledge to effective treatments. Therefore, new studies are required to focus on translational and personalized medicine to overcome the lack of specificity and efficacy of current management. Here, we review the majority of public databases storing 'omics' data of pulmonary hypertension studies, from animal models to human patients. Moreover, we review some of the new molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including non-coding RNAs and the application of 'omics' data to understand this pathology, hoping that these new approaches will provide insights to guide the way to personalized diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Raul Arias-Carrasco
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepulveda
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Garrido-Olivares
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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32
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Dong H, Li X, Cai M, Zhang C, Mao W, Wang Y, Xu Q, Chen M, Wang L, Huang X. Integrated bioinformatic analysis reveals the underlying molecular mechanism of and potential drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14234-14257. [PMID: 34016786 PMCID: PMC8202883 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiovascular disease without a clear mechanism or drugs for treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for PAH. In this study, we first integrated three human lung tissue datasets (GSE113439, GSE53408, GSE117261) from GEO. A total of 151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by KEGG and GO enrichment analyses and PPI network construction. Five hub genes (CSF3R, NT5E, ANGPT2, FGF7, and CXCL9) were identified by Cytoscape (Cytohubba). GSEA and GSVA were performed for each hub gene to uncover the potential mechanism. Moreover, to repurpose known and therapeutic drugs, the CMap database was retrieved, and nine candidate compounds (lypressin, ruxolitinib, triclabendazole, L-BSO, tiaprofenic acid, AT-9283, QL-X-138, huperzine-a, and L-741742) with a high level of confidence were obtained. Then ruxolitinib was selected to perform molecular docking simulations with ANGPT2, FGF7, NT5E, CSF3R, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2. A certain concentration of ruxolitinib could inhibit the proliferation and migration of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (rPASMCs) in vitro. Together, these analyses principally identified CSF3R, NT5E, ANGPT2, FGF7 and CXCL9 as candidate biomarkers of PAH, and ruxolitinib might exert promising therapeutic action for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoru Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mengsi Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mayun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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33
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The Role of JAK/STAT Molecular Pathway in Vascular Remodeling Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094980. [PMID: 34067108 PMCID: PMC8124199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which leads to right ventricular failure and premature death. There are multiple clinical manifestations that can be grouped into five different types. Pulmonary artery remodeling is a common feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle pulmonary artery cell proliferation. The current treatments for PH are limited to vasodilatory agents that do not stop the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new agents that inhibit pulmonary artery remodeling targeting the main genetic, molecular, and cellular processes involved in PH. Chronic inflammation contributes to pulmonary artery remodeling and PH, among other vascular disorders, and many inflammatory mediators signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the JAK/STAT pathway is overactivated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PH of different types. In addition, different profibrotic cytokines such as IL-6, IL-13, and IL-11 and growth factors such as PDGF, VEGF, and TGFβ1 are activators of the JAK/STAT pathway and inducers of pulmonary remodeling, thus participating in the development of PH. The understanding of the participation and modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway in PH could be an attractive strategy for developing future treatments. There have been no studies to date focused on the JAK/STAT pathway and PH. In this review, we focus on the analysis of the expression and distribution of different JAK/STAT isoforms in the pulmonary arteries of patients with different types of PH. Furthermore, molecular canonical and noncanonical JAK/STAT pathway transactivation will be discussed in the context of vascular remodeling and PH. The consequences of JAK/STAT activation for endothelial cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells’ proliferation, migration, senescence, and transformation into mesenchymal/myofibroblast cells will be described and discussed, together with different promising drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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34
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Veeroju S, Kojonazarov B, Weiss A, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Novoyatleva T, Schermuly RT. Therapeutic Potential of Regorafenib-A Multikinase Inhibitor in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031502. [PMID: 33540939 PMCID: PMC7867319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a progressive elevation of mean arterial pressure followed by right ventricular failure and death. Previous studies have indicated that numerous inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling could be either beneficial or detrimental for the treatment of PH. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) for the treatment of PH. A peptide-based kinase activity assay was performed using the PamStation®12 platform. The 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation and transwell migration assays were utilized in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Regorafenib was administered to monocrotaline- and hypoxia-induced PH in rats and mice, respectively. Functional parameters were analyzed by hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements. The kinase activity assay revealed upregulation of twenty-nine kinases in PASMCs from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), of which fifteen were established as potential targets of regorafenib. Regorafenib showed strong anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in IPAH-PASMCs compared to the control PASMCs. Both experimental models indicated improved cardiac function and reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling upon regorafenib treatment. In lungs from monocrotaline (MCT) rats, regorafenib reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Overall, our data indicated that regorafenib plays a beneficial role in experimental PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypoxia/complications
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Monocrotaline/toxicity
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Veeroju
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +49-641-994-2421 (R.T.S.); Fax: +49-641-994-2419 (R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +49-641-994-2421 (R.T.S.); Fax: +49-641-994-2419 (R.T.S.)
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35
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Leopold JA. Inhibiting Jak2 Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension: Fulfilling the Promise of Precision Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:12-13. [PMID: 33096007 PMCID: PMC7780993 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0384ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Bryant AJ, Pham A, Gogoi H, Mitchell CR, Pais F, Jin L. The Third Man: DNA sensing as espionage in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894021996574. [PMID: 33738095 PMCID: PMC7934053 DOI: 10.1177/2045894021996574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For as long as nucleic acids have been utilized to vertically and horizontally transfer genetic material, living organisms have had to develop methods of recognizing cytosolic DNA as either pathogenic (microbial invasion) or physiologic (mitosis and cellular proliferation). Derangement in key signaling molecules involved in these pathways of DNA sensing result in a family of diseases labeled interferonopathies. An interferonopathy, characterized by constitutive expression of type I interferons, ultimately manifests as severe autoimmune disease at a young age. Afflicted patients present with a constellation of immune-mediated conditions, including primary lung manifestations such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. The latter condition is especially interesting in light of the known role that DNA damage plays in a variety of types of inherited and induced pulmonary hypertension, with free DNA detection elevated in the circulation of affected individuals. While little is known regarding the role of cytosolic DNA sensing in development of pulmonary vascular disease, exciting new research in the related fields of immunology and oncology potentially sheds light on future areas of fruitful exploration. As such, the goal of this review is to summarize the state of the field of nucleic acid sensing, extrapolating common shared pathways that parallel our knowledge of pulmonary hypertension, in a molecular and cell-specific manner. Principles of DNA sensing related to known pulmonary injury inducing stimuli are also evaluated, in addition to potential therapeutic targets. Finally, future directions in pulmonary hypertension research and treatments will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ann Pham
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carly R. Mitchell
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Faye Pais
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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