1
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Lucero B, Francisco KR, Liu LJ, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Protein-protein interactions: developing small-molecule inhibitors/stabilizers through covalent strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:474-488. [PMID: 37263826 PMCID: PMC11003449 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule inhibitors or stabilizers of selected protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of interest holds considerable promise for the development of research tools as well as candidate therapeutics. In this context, the covalent modification of selected residues within the target protein has emerged as a promising mechanism of action to obtain small-molecule modulators of PPIs with appropriate selectivity and duration of action. Different covalent labeling strategies are now available that can potentially allow for a rational, ground-up discovery and optimization of ligands as PPI inhibitors or stabilizers. This review article provides a synopsis of recent developments and applications of such tactics, with a particular focus on site-directed fragment tethering and proximity-enabled approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence J Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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2
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Somsen BA, Craenmehr FWB, Liu WHW, Koops AA, Pennings MAM, Visser EJ, Ottmann C, Cossar PJ, Brunsveld L. Functional mapping of the 14-3-3 hub protein as a guide to design 14-3-3 molecular glues. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13122-13131. [PMID: 36425501 PMCID: PMC9667936 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular glues represent an evolution in drug discovery, however, targeted stabilization of protein complexes remains challenging, owing to a paucity of drug design rules. The functional mapping of hotspots has been critical to protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor research, however, the orthogonal approach to stabilize PPIs has not exploited this information. Utilizing the hub protein 14-3-3 as a case study we demonstrate that functional mapping of hotspots provides a triage map for 14-3-3 molecular glue development. Truncation and mutation studies allowed deconvoluting the energetic contributions of sidechain and backbone interactions of a 14-3-3-binding non-natural peptide. Three central 14-3-3 hotspots were identified and their thermodynamic characteristics profiled. In addition to the phospho-binding pocket; (i) Asn226, (ii) Lys122 and (iii) the hydrophobic patch formed by Leu218, Ile219 and Leu222 were critical for protein complex formation. Exploiting this hotspot information allowed a peptide-based molecular glue that elicits high cooperativity (α = 36) and selectively stabilizes the 14-3-3/ChREBP PPI to be uniquely developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente A Somsen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Fenna W B Craenmehr
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Wei-Hong W Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Auke A Koops
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Marloes A M Pennings
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Emira J Visser
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Cossar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
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3
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Cossar PJ, Wolter M, van Dijck L, Valenti D, Levy LM, Ottmann C, Brunsveld L. Reversible Covalent Imine-Tethering for Selective Stabilization of 14-3-3 Hub Protein Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8454-8464. [PMID: 34047554 PMCID: PMC8193639 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The stabilization
of protein complexes has emerged as a promising
modality, expanding the number of entry points for novel therapeutic
intervention. Targeting proteins that mediate protein–protein
interactions (PPIs), such as hub proteins, is equally challenging
and rewarding as they offer an intervention platform for a variety
of diseases, due to their large interactome. 14-3-3 hub proteins bind
phosphorylated motifs of their interaction partners in a conserved
binding channel. The 14-3-3 PPI interface is consequently only diversified
by its different interaction partners. Therefore, it is essential
to consider, additionally to the potency, also the selectivity of
stabilizer molecules. Targeting a lysine residue at the interface
of the composite 14-3-3 complex, which can be targeted explicitly
via aldimine-forming fragments, we studied the de novo design of PPI stabilizers under consideration of potential selectivity.
By applying cooperativity analysis of ternary complex formation, we
developed a reversible covalent molecular glue for the 14-3-3/Pin1
interaction. This small fragment led to a more than 250-fold stabilization
of the 14-3-3/Pin1 interaction by selective interfacing with a unique
tryptophan in Pin1. This study illustrates how cooperative complex
formation drives selective PPI stabilization. Further, it highlights
how specific interactions within a hub proteins interactome can be
stabilized over other interactions with a common binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Cossar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Madita Wolter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lars van Dijck
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Valenti
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Straße 76a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura M Levy
- Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Straße 76a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Sun L, UI Ain Q, Gao YS, Khan GJ, Yuan ST, Roy D. Effect of Marsdenia tenacissima extract on G2/M cell cycle arrest by upregulating 14-3-3σ and downregulating c-myc in vitro and in vivo. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Roy D, Sheng GY, Herve S, Carvalho E, Mahanty A, Yuan S, Sun L. Interplay between cancer cell cycle and metabolism: Challenges, targets and therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:288-296. [PMID: 28235690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing interest has emerged in the field of studying the cross-talk between cancer cell cycle and metabolism. In this review, we aimed to present how metabolism and cell cycle are correlated and how cancer cells get energy to drive cell cycle. Cell proliferation and cell death largely depend on the metabolic activity of the cell. Cell cycle proteins, e.g. cyclin D, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), some pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, and P53 have been shown to be regulated by metabolic crosstalk. Dysregulation of this cross-talk between metabolism and cell cycle leads to degenerative disorder(s) and cancer. It is not fully understood the actual reason of aberration between metabolism and cell cycle, but it is a hallmark of cancer research. Herein, we discussed the role of some regulatory molecules relative of cell cycle and metabolism and highlight how they control the function of each other. We also pointed out, current therapeutic opportunities and some additional crucial therapeutic targets on these fields that could be a breakthrough in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Roy
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gao Ying Sheng
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Semukunzi Herve
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Evandro Carvalho
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Arpan Mahanty
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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6
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Gao S, Fang L, Phan LM, Qdaisat A, Yeung SCJ, Lee MH. COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) regulates E6AP/UBE3A in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28026-41. [PMID: 26318036 PMCID: PMC4695042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the major cause in almost 99.7% of cervical cancer. E6 oncoprotein of HPV and E6-associated protein (E6AP) are critical in causing p53 degradation and malignancy. Understanding the E6AP regulation is critical to develop treating strategy for cervical cancer patients. The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) is involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We found that both CSN6 and E6AP are overexpressed in cervical cancer. We characterized that CSN6 associated with E6AP and stabilized E6AP expression by reducing E6AP poly-ubiquitination, thereby regulating p53 activity in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that CSN6-E6AP axis can be regulated by EGF/Akt signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of CSN6-E6AP axis hinders cervical cancer growth in mice. Taken together, our results indicate that CSN6 is a positive regulator of E6AP and is important for cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lekun Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liem Minh Phan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aiham Qdaisat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Choi HH, Phan L, Chou PC, Su CH, Yeung SCJ, Chen JS, Lee MH. COP1 enhances ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27Kip1 to promote cancer cell growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19721-34. [PMID: 26254224 PMCID: PMC4637316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p27 is a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, and its stability is critical for cell proliferation. Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is a RING-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in regulating important target proteins for cell growth, but its biological activity in cell cycle progression is not well characterized. Here, we report that p27Kip1 levels are accumulated in G1 phase, with concurrent reduction of COP1 levels. Mechanistic studies show that COP1 directly interacts with p27 through a VP motif on p27 and functions as an E3 ligase of p27 to accelerate the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27. Also, COP1-p27 axis deregulation is involved in tumorigenesis. These findings define a new mechanism for posttranslational regulation of p27 and provide insight into the characteristics of COP1-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liem Phan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Hui Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cancer Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiun-Sheng Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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CSN6 deregulation impairs genome integrity in a COP1-dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11779-93. [PMID: 25957415 PMCID: PMC4494904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding genome integrity and DNA damage response are critical to cancer treatment. In this study, we identify CSN6's biological function in regulating genome integrity. Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase regulated by CSN6, is downregulated by DNA damage, but the biological consequences of this phenomenon are poorly understood. p27Kip1 is a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, but its response to DNA damage remains unclear. Here, we report that p27Kip1 levels are elevated after DNA damage, with concurrent reduction of COP1 levels. Mechanistic studies showed that during DNA damage response COP1's function as an E3 ligase of p27 is compromised, thereby reducing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27Kip1. Also, COP1 overexpression leads to downregulation of p27Kip1, thereby promoting the expression of mitotic kinase Aurora A. Overexpression of Aurora A correlates with poor survival. These findings provide new insight into CSN6-COP1-p27Kip1-Aurora A axis in DNA damage repair and tumorigenesis.
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9
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Shin J, Phan L, Chen J, Lu Z, Lee MH. CSN6 positively regulates c-Jun in a MEKK1-dependent manner. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3079-87. [PMID: 26237449 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1078030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun is a proto-oncoprotein that is commonly overexpressed in many types of cancer and is believed to regulate cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis by controlling AP-1 activity. Understanding the c-Jun regulation is important to develop treatment strategy for cancer. The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) plays a critical role in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. MEKK1 is a serine/threonine kinase and E3 ligase containing PHD/RING domain involved in c-Jun ubiquitination. Here, we show that CSN6 associates with MEKK1 and reduces MEKK1 expression level by facilitating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MEKK1. Also we show that CSN6 overexpression diminishes MEKK1-mediated c-Jun ubiquitination, which is manifested in mitigating osmotic stress-mediated c-Jun downregulation. Thus, CSN6 is involved in positively regulating the stability of c-Jun. Overexpression of CSN6 correlates with the upregulation of c-Jun target gene expression in cancer. These findings provide new insight into CSN6-MEKK1-c-Jun axis in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Shin
- a Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | - Liem Phan
- a Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | - Jian Chen
- a Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- b Molecular pathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- a Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
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10
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Phan L, Chou PC, Velazquez-Torres G, Samudio I, Parreno K, Huang Y, Tseng C, Vu T, Gully C, Su CH, Wang E, Chen J, Choi HH, Fuentes-Mattei E, Shin JH, Shiang C, Grabiner B, Blonska M, Skerl S, Shao Y, Cody D, Delacerda J, Kingsley C, Webb D, Carlock C, Zhou Z, Hsieh YC, Lee J, Elliott A, Ramirez M, Bankson J, Hazle J, Wang Y, Li L, Weng S, Rizk N, Wen YY, Lin X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang A, Xia X, Wu Y, Habra M, Yang W, Pusztai L, Yeung SC, Lee MH. The cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ opposes and reverses cancer metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7530. [PMID: 26179207 PMCID: PMC4507299 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanism controlling this tumour metabolic shift remains not fully understood. Here we show that 14-3-3σ regulates cancer metabolic reprogramming and protects cells from tumorigenic transformation. 14-3-3σ opposes tumour-promoting metabolic programmes by enhancing c-Myc poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. 14-3-3σ demonstrates the suppressive impact on cancer glycolysis, glutaminolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and other major metabolic processes of tumours. Importantly, 14-3-3σ expression levels predict overall and recurrence-free survival rates, tumour glucose uptake and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients. Thus, these results highlight that 14-3-3σ is an important regulator of tumour metabolism, and loss of 14-3-3σ expression is critical for cancer metabolic reprogramming. We anticipate that pharmacologically elevating the function of 14-3-3σ in tumours could be a promising direction for targeted anticancer metabolism therapy development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem Phan
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Chou
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guermarie Velazquez-Torres
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Parreno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaling Huang
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chieh Tseng
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thuy Vu
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chris Gully
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-Hui Su
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edward Wang
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Ho Choi
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Shin
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine Shiang
- 1] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian Grabiner
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Skerl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiping Shao
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna Cody
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge Delacerda
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Kingsley
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Douglas Webb
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin Carlock
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun-Chih Hsieh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marc Ramirez
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jim Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John Hazle
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaofan Weng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nibal Rizk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu Ye Wen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mouhammed Habra
- Department of Endocrinology Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Yeung
- 1] Department of Endocrinology Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Choi HH, Guma S, Fang L, Phan L, Ivan C, Baggerly K, Sood A, Lee MH. Regulating the stability and localization of CDK inhibitor p27(Kip1) via CSN6-COP1 axis. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2265-73. [PMID: 25945542 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1046655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6), which is involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, is overexpressed in many types of cancer. CSN6 is critical in causing p53 degradation and malignancy, but its target in cell cycle progression is not fully characterized. Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase associating with COP9 signalosome to regulate important target proteins for cell growth. p27 is a critical G1 CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, but its upstream regulators are not fully characterized. Here, we show that the CSN6-COP1 link is regulating p27(Kip1) stability, and that COP1 is a negative regulator of p27(Kip1). Ectopic expression of CSN6 can decrease the expression of p27(Kip1), while CSN6 knockdown leads to p27(Kip1) stabilization. Mechanistic studies show that CSN6 interacts with p27(Kip1) and facilitates ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27(Kip1). CSN6-mediated p27 degradation depends on the nuclear export of p27(Kip1), which is regulated through COP1 nuclear exporting signal. COP1 overexpression leads to the cytoplasmic distribution of p27, thereby accelerating p27 degradation. Importantly, the negative impact of COP1 on p27 stability contributes to elevating expression of genes that are suppressed through p27 mediation. Kaplan-Meier analysis of tumor samples demonstrates that high COP1 expression was associated with poor overall survival. These data suggest that tumors with CSN6/COP1 deregulation may have growth advantage by regulating p27 degradation and subsequent impact on p27 targeted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Choi
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
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12
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Fang L, Yang Z, Zhou J, Tung JY, Hsiao CD, Wang L, Deng Y, Wang P, Wang J, Lee MH. Circadian Clock Gene CRY2 Degradation Is Involved in Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1476-87. [PMID: 25855785 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response are important to the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) is a circadian clock protein involved in cell cycle, but the biologic consequences of this activity in cancer are poorly understood. We set up biochemical and cell biology analyses to analyze CRY2 expression and chemoresistance. Here, we report that CRY2 is overexpressed in chemoresistant colorectal cancer samples, and CRY2 overexpression is correlated with poor patient survival. Knockdown of CRY2 increased colorectal cancer sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells. We also identify FBXW7 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for targeting CRY2 through proteasomal degradation. Mechanistic studies show that CRY2 is regulated by FBXW7, in which FBXW7 binds directly to phosphorylated Thr300 of CRY2. Furthermore, FBXW7 expression leads to degradation of CRY2 through enhancing CRY2 ubiquitination and accelerating the CRY2's turnover rate. High FBXW7 expression downregulates CRY2 and increases colorectal cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. Low FBXW7 expression is correlated with high CRY2 expression in colorectal cancer patient samples. Also, low FBXW7 expression is correlated with poor patient survival. Taken together, our findings indicate that the upregulation of CRY2 caused by downregulation of FBXW7 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and may represent a new therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekun Fang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jung-Yu Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Gastroenterology Institute, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puning Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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13
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CSN6 drives carcinogenesis by positively regulating Myc stability. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5384. [PMID: 25395170 PMCID: PMC4234183 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL) are critical in ubiquitinating Myc, while COP9 signalosome (CSN) controls neddylation of Cullin in CRL. The mechanistic link between Cullin neddylation and Myc ubiquitination/degradation is unclear. Here we show that Myc is a target of the CSN subunit 6 (CSN6)–Cullin signaling axis and that CSN6 is a positive regulator of Myc. CSN6 enhanced neddylation of Cullin-1 and facilitated auto-ubiquitination/degradation of Fbxw7, a component of CRL involved in Myc ubiquitination, thereby stabilizing Myc. Csn6 haplo-insufficiency decreased Cullin-1 neddylation but increased Fbxw7 stability to compromise Myc stability and activity in an Eµ-Myc mouse model, resulting in decelerated lymphomagenesis. We found that CSN6 overexpression, which leads to aberrant expression of Myc target genes, is frequent in human cancers. Together, these results define a mechanism for the regulation of Myc stability through the CSN-Cullin-Fbxw7 axis and provide insights into the correlation of CSN6 overexpression with Myc stabilization/activation during tumorigenesis.
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14
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Li C, Bai J, Hao X, Zhang S, Hu Y, Zhang X, Yuan W, Hu L, Cheng T, Zetterberg A, Lee MH, Zhang J. Multi-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect cell cycle gene copy number aberrations in young breast cancer patients. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1299-305. [PMID: 24621502 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a disease of cell cycle, and the dysfunction of cell cycle checkpoints plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. We employed multi-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) to investigate gene copy number aberrations (CNAs) of 4 genes (Rb1, CHEK2, c-Myc, CCND1) that are involved in the regulation of cell cycle, in order to analyze the impact of gene aberrations on prognosis in the young breast cancer patients. Gene copy number aberrations of these 4 genes were more frequently observed in young breast cancer patients when compared with the older group. Further, these CNAs were more frequently seen in Luminal B type, Her2 overexpression, and tiple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) type in young breast cancer patients. The variations of CCND1, Rb1, and CHEK2 were significantly correlated with poor survival in the young breast cancer patient group, while the amplification of c-Myc was not obviously correlated with poor survival in young breast cancer patients. Thus, gene copy number aberrations (CNAs) of cell cycle-regulated genes can serve as an important tool for prognosis in young breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- Beijing Union Medical College Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linping Hu
- Beijing Union Medical College Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Beijing Union Medical College Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anders Zetterberg
- Clinical Pathology Department of the Karolinska Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Solna, Sweden
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Program in Cancer Biology; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Program in Genes and Development; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University; Ministry of Education; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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