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Lewis CTA, Melhedegaard EG, Ognjanovic MM, Olsen MS, Laitila J, Seaborne RAE, Gronset M, Zhang C, Iwamoto H, Hessel AL, Kuehn MN, Merino C, Amigo N, Frobert O, Giroud S, Staples JF, Goropashnaya AV, Fedorov VB, Barnes B, Toien O, Drew K, Sprenger RJ, Ochala J. Remodeling of skeletal muscle myosin metabolic states in hibernating mammals. eLife 2024; 13:RP94616. [PMID: 38752835 PMCID: PMC11098559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is a period of metabolic suppression utilized by many small and large mammal species to survive during winter periods. As the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, our study aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle myosin and its metabolic efficiency undergo alterations during hibernation to optimize energy utilization. We isolated muscle fibers from small hibernators, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus and Eliomys quercinus and larger hibernators, Ursus arctos and Ursus americanus. We then conducted loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments alongside X-ray diffraction to measure resting myosin dynamics and its ATP demand. In parallel, we performed multiple proteomics analyses. Our results showed a preservation of myosin structure in U. arctos and U. americanus during hibernation, whilst in I. tridecemlineatus and E. quercinus, changes in myosin metabolic states during torpor unexpectedly led to higher levels in energy expenditure of type II, fast-twitch muscle fibers at ambient lab temperatures (20 °C). Upon repeating loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments at 8 °C (near the body temperature of torpid animals), we found that myosin ATP consumption in type II muscle fibers was reduced by 77-107% during torpor compared to active periods. Additionally, we observed Myh2 hyper-phosphorylation during torpor in I. tridecemilineatus, which was predicted to stabilize the myosin molecule. This may act as a potential molecular mechanism mitigating myosin-associated increases in skeletal muscle energy expenditure during periods of torpor in response to cold exposure. Altogether, we demonstrate that resting myosin is altered in hibernating mammals, contributing to significant changes to the ATP consumption of skeletal muscle. Additionally, we observe that it is further altered in response to cold exposure and highlight myosin as a potentially contributor to skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija M Ognjanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mathilde S Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jenni Laitila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Robert AE Seaborne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Magnus Gronset
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Changxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Spring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research InstituteHyogoJapan
| | - Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies ConsultantsBostonUnited States
| | - Michel N Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies ConsultantsBostonUnited States
| | | | | | - Ole Frobert
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Faculty of Health, Department of Cardiology, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Energetics Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan UniversityMarquetteUnited States
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Anna V Goropashnaya
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Vadim B Fedorov
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Brian Barnes
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Oivind Toien
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States
| | - Ryan J Sprenger
- Department of Zoology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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2
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Ananthamohan K, Stelzer JE, Sadayappan S. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in MYBPC3 carriers in aging. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:9. [PMID: 38406555 PMCID: PMC10883298 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by abnormal thickening of the myocardium, leading to arrhythmias, heart failure, and elevated risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly among the young. This inherited disease is predominantly caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes, among which those in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C3 (MYBPC3) gene are major contributors. HCM associated with MYBPC3 mutations usually presents in the elderly and ranges from asymptomatic to symptomatic forms, affecting numerous cardiac functions and presenting significant health risks with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Regulation of MYBPC3 expression involves various transcriptional and translational mechanisms, yet the destiny of mutant MYBPC3 mRNA and protein in late-onset HCM remains unclear. Pathogenesis related to MYBPC3 mutations includes nonsense-mediated decay, alternative splicing, and ubiquitin-proteasome system events, leading to allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency. Aging further exacerbates the severity of HCM in carriers of MYBPC3 mutations. Advancements in high-throughput omics techniques have identified crucial molecular events and regulatory disruptions in cardiomyocytes expressing MYBPC3 variants. This review assesses the pathogenic mechanisms that promote late-onset HCM through the lens of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulation of MYBPC3, underscoring its significance in HCM across carriers. The review also evaluates the influence of aging on these processes and MYBPC3 levels during HCM pathogenesis in the elderly. While pinpointing targets for novel medical interventions to conserve cardiac function remains challenging, the emergence of personalized omics offers promising avenues for future HCM treatments, particularly for late-onset cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Ananthamohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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3
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Thompson AD, Wagner MJ, Rodriguez J, Malhotra A, Vander Roest S, Lilienthal U, Shao H, Vignesh M, Weber K, Yob JM, Prosser BL, Helms AS, Gestwicki JE, Ginsburg D, Day SM. An Unbiased Screen Identified the Hsp70-BAG3 Complex as a Regulator of Myosin-Binding Protein C3. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1198-1211. [PMID: 37791314 PMCID: PMC10544073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the gene myosin-binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) account for approximately 50% of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to reduced levels of myosin-binding protein C3 (MyBP-C), the protein product made by gene MYBPC3. Elucidation of the pathways that regulate MyBP-C protein homeostasis could uncover new therapeutic strategies. Toward this goal, we screened a library of 2,426 bioactive compounds and identified JG98, an allosteric modulator of heat shock protein 70 that inhibits interaction with Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) domain co-chaperones. JG98 reduces MyBP-C protein levels. Furthermore, genetic reduction of BAG3 phenocopies treatment with JG-98 by reducing MYBP-C protein levels.. Thus, an unbiased compound screen identified the heat shock protein 70-BAG3 complex as a regulator of MyBP-C stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus J. Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juliani Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alok Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steve Vander Roest
- Center for Chemical Genomics, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ulla Lilienthal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mathav Vignesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Keely Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaime M. Yob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Prosser
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam S. Helms
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Ginsburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharlene M. Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Kirk JA. Going Further With Half as Much: It's in the BAG. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1212-1214. [PMID: 37791297 PMCID: PMC10544100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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5
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Gotthardt M, Badillo-Lisakowski V, Parikh VN, Ashley E, Furtado M, Carmo-Fonseca M, Schudy S, Meder B, Grosch M, Steinmetz L, Crocini C, Leinwand L. Cardiac splicing as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:517-530. [PMID: 36653465 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapeutics for heart failure and arrhythmias, a substantial proportion of patients with cardiomyopathy do not respond to interventions, indicating a need to identify novel modifiable myocardial pathobiology. Human genetic variation associated with severe forms of cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias has highlighted the crucial role of alternative splicing in myocardial health and disease, given that it determines which mature RNA transcripts drive the mechanical, structural, signalling and metabolic properties of the heart. In this Review, we discuss how the analysis of cardiac isoform expression has been facilitated by technical advances in multiomics and long-read and single-cell sequencing technologies. The resulting insights into the regulation of alternative splicing - including the identification of cardiac splice regulators as therapeutic targets and the development of a translational pipeline to evaluate splice modulators in human engineered heart tissue, animal models and clinical trials - provide a basis for improved diagnosis and therapy. Finally, we consider how the medical and scientific communities can benefit from facilitated acquisition and interpretation of splicing data towards improved clinical decision-making and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Victor Badillo-Lisakowski
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Nicole Parikh
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marta Furtado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Schudy
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies, Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies, Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Grosch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Crocini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Leslie Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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6
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Tudurachi BS, Zăvoi A, Leonte A, Țăpoi L, Ureche C, Bîrgoan SG, Chiuariu T, Anghel L, Radu R, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. An Update on MYBPC3 Gene Mutation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10510. [PMID: 37445689 PMCID: PMC10341819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent genetically inherited cardiomyopathy that follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The majority of HCM cases can be attributed to mutation of the MYBPC3 gene, which encodes cMyBP-C, a crucial structural protein of the cardiac muscle. The manifestation of HCM's morphological, histological, and clinical symptoms is subject to the complex interplay of various determinants, including genetic mutation and environmental factors. Approximately half of MYBPC3 mutations give rise to truncated protein products, while the remaining mutations cause insertion/deletion, frameshift, or missense mutations of single amino acids. In addition, the onset of HCM may be attributed to disturbances in the protein and transcript quality control systems, namely, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and nonsense-mediated RNA dysfunctions. The aforementioned genetic modifications, which appear to be associated with unfavorable lifelong outcomes and are largely influenced by the type of mutation, exhibit a unique array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to arrhythmic syncope and even sudden cardiac death. Although the current understanding of the MYBPC3 mutation does not comprehensively explain the varied phenotypic manifestations witnessed in patients with HCM, patients with pathogenic MYBPC3 mutations can exhibit an array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to advanced heart failure and sudden cardiac death, leading to a higher rate of adverse clinical outcomes. This review focuses on MYBPC3 mutation and its characteristics as a prognostic determinant for disease onset and related clinical consequences in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Sorin Tudurachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Alexandra Zăvoi
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Andreea Leonte
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Laura Țăpoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Carina Ureche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Silviu Gabriel Bîrgoan
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Traian Chiuariu
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Rodica Radu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
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7
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Velayuthan LP, Moretto L, Tågerud S, Ušaj M, Månsson A. Virus-free transfection, transient expression, and purification of human cardiac myosin in mammalian muscle cells for biochemical and biophysical assays. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4101. [PMID: 36907906 PMCID: PMC10008826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin expression and purification is important for mechanistic insights into normal function and mutation induced changes. The latter is particularly important for striated muscle myosin II where mutations cause several debilitating diseases. However, the heavy chain of this myosin is challenging to express and the standard protocol, using C2C12 cells, relies on viral infection. This is time and work intensive and associated with infrastructural demands and biological hazards, limiting widespread use and hampering fast generation of a wide range of mutations. We here develop a virus-free method to overcome these challenges. We use this system to transfect C2C12 cells with the motor domain of the human cardiac myosin heavy chain. After optimizing cell transfection, cultivation and harvesting conditions, we functionally characterized the expressed protein, co-purified with murine essential and regulatory light chains. The gliding velocity (1.5-1.7 µm/s; 25 °C) in the in vitro motility assay as well as maximum actin activated catalytic activity (kcat; 8-9 s-1) and actin concentration for half maximal activity (KATPase; 70-80 µM) were similar to those found previously using virus based infection. The results should allow new types of studies, e.g., screening of a wide range of mutations to be selected for further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Priya Velayuthan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Luisa Moretto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Sven Tågerud
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marko Ušaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
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8
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Zhao W, Mori H, Tomiga Y, Tanaka K, Perveen R, Mine K, Inadomi C, Yoshioka W, Kubotsu Y, Isoda H, Kuwashiro T, Oeda S, Akiyama T, Zhao Y, Ozaki I, Nagafuchi S, Kawaguchi A, Aishima S, Anzai K, Takahashi H. HSPA8 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated with Serum HSC70 Concentration and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071265. [PMID: 35886046 PMCID: PMC9323248 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis, but the genetic risk of atherosclerosis in NAFLD remains unclear. Here, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8) gene was analyzed in 123 NAFLD patients who had been diagnosed using a liver biopsy, and the NAFLD phenotype including the maximum intima–media thickness (Max-IMT) of the carotid artery was investigated. Patients with the minor allele (A/G or G/G) of rs2236659 showed a lower serum heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein concentration than those with the major A/A allele. Compared with the patients with the major allele, those with the minor allele showed a higher prevalence of hypertension and higher Max-IMT in men. No significant associations between the HSPA8 genotype and hepatic pathological findings were identified. In decision-tree analysis, age, sex, liver fibrosis, and HSPA8 genotype were individually associated with severe carotid artery atherosclerosis (Max-IMT ≥ 1.5 mm). Noncirrhotic men aged ≥ 65 years were most significantly affected by the minor allele of HSPA8. To predict the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, HSPA8 SNP genotyping might be useful, particularly for older male NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhao
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Yuki Tomiga
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Rasheda Perveen
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chika Inadomi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Wataru Yoshioka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Yoshihito Kubotsu
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Hiroshi Isoda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Takuya Kuwashiro
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (S.O.)
| | - Takumi Akiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Ye Zhao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Iwata Ozaki
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
- Health Administration Centre, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (W.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.T.); (K.T.); (R.P.); (K.M.); (C.I.); (W.Y.); (Y.K.); (T.K.); (T.A.); (I.O.); (S.N.); (K.A.)
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Kötter S, Krüger M. Protein Quality Control at the Sarcomere: Titin Protection and Turnover and Implications for Disease Development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:914296. [PMID: 35846001 PMCID: PMC9281568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.914296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are mainly composed of filament and signaling proteins and are the smallest molecular units of muscle contraction and relaxation. The sarcomere protein titin serves as a molecular spring whose stiffness mediates myofilament extensibility in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Due to the enormous size of titin and its tight integration into the sarcomere, the incorporation and degradation of the titin filament is a highly complex task. The details of the molecular processes involved in titin turnover are not fully understood, but the involvement of different intracellular degradation mechanisms has recently been described. This review summarizes the current state of research with particular emphasis on the relationship between titin and protein quality control. We highlight the involvement of the proteasome, autophagy, heat shock proteins, and proteases in the protection and degradation of titin in heart and skeletal muscle. Because the fine-tuned balance of degradation and protein expression can be disrupted under pathological conditions, the review also provides an overview of previously known perturbations in protein quality control and discusses how these affect sarcomeric proteins, and titin in particular, in various disease states.
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10
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McLendon JM, Zhang X, Matasic DS, Kumar M, Koval OM, Grumbach IM, Sadayappan S, London B, Boudreau RL. Knockout of Sorbin And SH3 Domain Containing 2 (Sorbs2) in Cardiomyocytes Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025687. [PMID: 35730644 PMCID: PMC9333371 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 (Sorbs2) protein is a cytoskeletal adaptor with an emerging role in cardiac biology and disease; yet, its potential relevance to adult‐onset cardiomyopathies remains underexplored. Sorbs2 global knockout mice display lethal arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; however, the causative mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we examine Sorbs2 dysregulation in heart failure, characterize novel Sorbs2 cardiomyocyte‐specific knockout mice (Sorbs2‐cKO), and explore associations between Sorbs2 genetic variations and human cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Bioinformatic analyses show myocardial Sorbs2 mRNA is consistently upregulated in humans with adult‐onset cardiomyopathies and in heart failure models. We generated Sorbs2‐cKO mice and report that they develop progressive systolic dysfunction and enlarged cardiac chambers, and they die with congestive heart failure at about 1 year old. After 3 months, Sorbs2‐cKO mice begin to show atrial enlargement and P‐wave anomalies, without dysregulation of action potential–associated ion channel and gap junction protein expressions. After 6 months, Sorbs2‐cKO mice exhibit impaired contractility in dobutamine‐treated hearts and skinned myofibers, without dysregulation of contractile protein expressions. From our comprehensive survey of potential mechanisms, we found that within 4 months, Sorbs2‐cKO hearts have defective microtubule polymerization and compensatory upregulation of structural cytoskeletal and adapter proteins, suggesting that this early intracellular structural remodeling is responsible for contractile dysfunction. Finally, we identified genetic variants that associate with decreased Sorbs2 expression and human cardiac phenotypes, including conduction abnormalities, atrial enlargement, and dilated cardiomyopathy, consistent with Sorbs2‐cKO mice phenotypes. Conclusions Our studies show that Sorbs2 is essential for maintaining structural integrity in cardiomyocytes, likely through strengthening the interactions between microtubules and other cytoskeletal proteins at cross‐link sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M McLendon
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Daniel S Matasic
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology University of Cincinnati OH.,Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease Department of Internal Medicine Heart, Lung, and Vascular Institute University of Cincinnati OH
| | - Olha M Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology University of Cincinnati OH.,Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease Department of Internal Medicine Heart, Lung, and Vascular Institute University of Cincinnati OH
| | - Barry London
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Ryan L Boudreau
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
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11
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HSc70 interactome reveal major role of macroautophagy and minor role of chaperone mediated autophagy in K-Ras G12V cell proliferation and survival. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104614. [PMID: 35595057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively active K-Ras oncogene mutation at G12V changes the proteome of cells and activates macroautophagy for cell advantage. Inhibition of macroautophagy impairs K-Ras mediated tumor progression to a limited extent with increase of spontaneous tumors due to poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that inhibition of macroautophagy in K-Ras G12V mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) hyper activates chaperon mediated autophagy (CMA). Quantitative identification of CMA substrates through co-immunoprecipitation of CMA component heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) demonstrates a shift of proteins from macroautophagy to CMA mediated degradation. However, macroautophagy impairment show significant inhibition on proliferation and CMA hyper activation provides a basal support to macroautophagy-inhibited MEFs for survival. On the other hand, K-Ras G12V MEFs impaired of CMA reduces number of Hsc70 clients but activated macroautophagy significantly compensated CMA loss. Nonetheless, co-inhibition of CMA and macroautophagy had a synergistic detrimental effect on both proliferation and survival of MEFs expressing K-Ras G12V mutant. Our results point to K-Ras G12V MEFs dependency on macroautophagy and CMA partly compensates its loss for survival but not hyper-proliferation; implicating that targeting both macroautophagy and CMA as a promising therapeutic target in G12V mutation associated K-Ras cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study provides a framework of Hsc70 interacting proteins, which differentially interact with Hsc70 in response to autophagy alterations. The role of proteins accumulation and induced proteo-toxicity could be underlying factor in macroautophagy and CMA co-inhibited K-Ras G12V MEFs phenotype. Our study provides rational for adaptive mechanisms in K-Ras tumors inhibited with different autophagy pathways and also supports targeting both macroautophagy and CMA simultaneously as therapeutic target. At the same time current study will help in characterizing the underlying cellular processes that may play a role in escaping tutor suppressor role CMA and macroautophagy in cancers harboring K-Ras G12V mutation that may be further utilized to identify molecular targets for K-Ras-driven cancers.
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12
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Helms AS, Thompson AD, Day SM. Translation of New and Emerging Therapies for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:70-83. [PMID: 35128211 PMCID: PMC8807730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The primary etiology of a diverse range of cardiomyopathies is now understood to be genetic, creating a new paradigm for targeting treatments on the basis of the underlying molecular cause. This review provides a genetic and etiologic context for the traditional clinical classifications of cardiomyopathy, including molecular subtypes that may exhibit differential responses to existing or emerging treatments. The authors describe several emerging cardiomyopathy treatments, including gene therapy, direct targeting of myofilament function, protein quality control, metabolism, and others. The authors discuss advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and indicate areas of high potential for short- and longer term efficacy.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ACM, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
- ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- DNA, DNA
- DSP, desmoplakin
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GRT, gene replacement therapy
- GST, gene silencing therapy
- HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- HR, homologous recombination
- LNP, lipid nanoparticle
- LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract
- RNA, RNA
- TTR, transthyretin
- arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- genetics
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- therapeutics
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Helms
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea D. Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharlene M. Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Qiu H, Sun Y, Pan Z, Zhou J, Wang H, Wang X, Cai D, Fu G, Gong T, Jiang C, Liang P. Inhibition of HSC70 alleviates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes with a MYBPC3 mutation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e647. [PMID: 34965010 PMCID: PMC8715830 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hangyuan Qiu
- Department of Cardiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yaxun Sun
- Department of Cardiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Ziwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jingjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Cardiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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14
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Suay-Corredera C, Pricolo MR, Herrero-Galán E, Velázquez-Carreras D, Sánchez-Ortiz D, García-Giustiniani D, Delgado J, Galano-Frutos JJ, García-Cebollada H, Vilches S, Domínguez F, Molina MS, Barriales-Villa R, Frisso G, Sancho J, Serrano L, García-Pavía P, Monserrat L, Alegre-Cebollada J. Protein haploinsufficiency drivers identify MYBPC3 variants that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100854. [PMID: 34097875 PMCID: PMC8260873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease. Variants in MYBPC3, the gene encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), are the leading cause of HCM. However, the pathogenicity status of hundreds of MYBPC3 variants found in patients remains unknown, as a consequence of our incomplete understanding of the pathomechanisms triggered by HCM-causing variants. Here, we examined 44 nontruncating MYBPC3 variants that we classified as HCM-linked or nonpathogenic according to cosegregation and population genetics criteria. We found that around half of the HCM-linked variants showed alterations in RNA splicing or protein stability, both of which can lead to cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency. These protein haploinsufficiency drivers associated with HCM pathogenicity with 100% and 94% specificity, respectively. Furthermore, we uncovered that 11% of nontruncating MYBPC3 variants currently classified as of uncertain significance in ClinVar induced one of these molecular phenotypes. Our strategy, which can be applied to other conditions induced by protein loss of function, supports the idea that cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency is a fundamental pathomechanism in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Rosaria Pricolo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Delgado
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Galano-Frutos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI). Joint Units BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBs-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helena García-Cebollada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI). Joint Units BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBs-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Vilches
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit. Department of Cardiology. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Domínguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit. Department of Cardiology. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sabater Molina
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART), Madrid, Spain; Hospital C. Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roberto Barriales-Villa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Javier Sancho
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI). Joint Units BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBs-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit. Department of Cardiology. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Suay-Corredera C, Pricolo MR, Velázquez-Carreras D, Pathak D, Nandwani N, Pimenta-Lopes C, Sánchez-Ortiz D, Urrutia-Irazabal I, Vilches S, Dominguez F, Frisso G, Monserrat L, García-Pavía P, de Sancho D, Spudich JA, Ruppel KM, Herrero-Galán E, Alegre-Cebollada J. Nanomechanical Phenotypes in Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Mutants That Cause Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10203-10216. [PMID: 34060810 PMCID: PMC8514129 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of the myocardium caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins with mechanical roles, such as the molecular motor myosin. Around half of the HCM-causing genetic variants target contraction modulator cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear since many of these mutations cause no alterations in protein structure and stability. As an alternative pathomechanism, here we have examined whether pathogenic mutations perturb the nanomechanics of cMyBP-C, which would compromise its modulatory mechanical tethers across sliding actomyosin filaments. Using single-molecule atomic force spectroscopy, we have quantified mechanical folding and unfolding transitions in cMyBP-C domains targeted by HCM mutations that do not induce RNA splicing alterations or protein thermodynamic destabilization. Our results show that domains containing mutation R495W are mechanically weaker than wild-type at forces below 40 pN and that R502Q mutant domains fold faster than wild-type. None of these alterations are found in control, nonpathogenic variants, suggesting that nanomechanical phenotypes induced by pathogenic cMyBP-C mutations contribute to HCM development. We propose that mutation-induced nanomechanical alterations may be common in mechanical proteins involved in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Rosaria Pricolo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Divya Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Neha Nandwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - David Sánchez-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Vilches
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART, http://guardheart.ern-net.eu/), 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dominguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART, http://guardheart.ern-net.eu/), 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART, http://guardheart.ern-net.eu/), 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Sancho
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Elías Herrero-Galán
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Wang H, Ba Y, Han W, Zhang H, Zhu L, Jiang P. Association of heat shock protein polymorphisms with patient susceptibility to coronary artery disease comorbid depression and anxiety in a Chinese population. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11636. [PMID: 34178482 PMCID: PMC8216166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the severe diseases that threaten human health worldwide. In addition, the associated rate of comorbidity with depression and anxiety is extremely high. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that possesses cardiovascular and psychological protection properties. The objective of this study is to determine the association of the two most widely studied HSPs, namely, HSP70 and HSP90, with CAD comorbid depression and anxiety in a Chinese population. Methods A case-control study involving 271 CAD patients and 113 healthy individuals was conducted. The 271 CAD patients include individuals with (123) and without depression (148) and individuals with (57) and without anxiety (214). Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for HSP70 and seven SNPs for HSP90 were selected and genotyped. Results Results revealed that the HSP70 rs10892958 C allele and HSP70 rs2236658 T allele were associated with a decreased risk of CAD (P < 0.05), whereas the G allele of the rs11218941 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The haplotype analysis results indicated that the haplotype TGGGC of the HSPA8 gene (coded the HSP70 family, rs4936770/rs4802/rs10892958/rs11218941/rs2236658) significantly increased the risk of CAD (P = 0.008). Among the patients with CAD, the carriers of the CC genotype for the HSP90 rs1042665 showed higher risks of anxiety than the carriers of another genotypes. However, no significant relationships were found among the CAD with depression and CAD without depression groups for the selected SNPs. These findings suggested that the genetic polymorphisms in the HSP gene, especially the HSPA8 of HSP70, contribute to CAD susceptibility and rs1042665 genetic polymorphisms might have an effect on the anxiety incidence among CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yudong Ba
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Laiqing Zhu
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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17
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Chakafana G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Zininga T, Shonhai A, Ntusi NAB, Sliwa K. Heat Shock Proteins: Potential Modulators and Candidate Biomarkers of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633013. [PMID: 34222357 PMCID: PMC8241919 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which heart failure and systolic dysfunction occur late in pregnancy or within months following delivery. To date, no reliable biomarkers or therapeutic interventions for the condition exist, thus necessitating an urgent need for identification of novel PPCM drug targets and candidate biomarkers. Leads for novel treatments and biomarkers are therefore being investigated worldwide. Pregnancy is generally accompanied by dramatic hemodynamic changes, including a reduced afterload and a 50% increase in cardiac output. These increased cardiac stresses during pregnancy potentially impair protein folding processes within the cardiac tissue. The accumulation of misfolded proteins results in increased toxicity and cardiac insults that trigger heart failure. Under stress conditions, molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) play crucial roles in maintaining cellular proteostasis. Here, we critically assess the potential role of Hsps in PPCM. We further predict specific associations between the Hsp types Hsp70, Hsp90 and small Hsps with several proteins implicated in PPCM pathophysiology. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of select Hsps as novel candidate PPCM biomarkers and drug targets. A better understanding of how these Hsps modulate PPCM pathogenesis holds promise in improving treatment, prognosis and management of the condition, and possibly other forms of acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Chakafana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Tallo CA, Duncan LH, Yamamoto AH, Slaydon JD, Arya GH, Turlapati L, Mackay TFC, Carbone MA. Heat shock proteins and small nucleolar RNAs are dysregulated in a Drosophila model for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkaa014. [PMID: 33561224 PMCID: PMC7849908 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In cats, mutations in myosin binding protein C (encoded by the MYBPC3 gene) have been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the molecular mechanisms linking these mutations to HCM remain unknown. Here, we establish Drosophila melanogaster as a model to understand this connection by generating flies harboring MYBPC3 missense mutations (A31P and R820W) associated with feline HCM. The A31P and R820W flies displayed cardiovascular defects in their heart rates and exercise endurance. We used RNA-seq to determine which processes are misregulated in the presence of mutant MYBPC3 alleles. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant downregulation of genes encoding small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs) in exercised female flies harboring the mutant alleles compared to flies that harbor the wild-type allele. Other processes that were affected included the unfolded protein response and immune/defense responses. These data show that mutant MYBPC3 proteins have widespread effects on the transcriptome of co-regulated genes. Transcriptionally differentially expressed genes are also candidate genes for future evaluation as genetic modifiers of HCM as well as candidate genes for genotype by exercise environment interaction effects on the manifestation of HCM; in cats as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Tallo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Laura H Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Akihiko H Yamamoto
- The Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Joshua D Slaydon
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Gunjan H Arya
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Lavanya Turlapati
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- The Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Mary A Carbone
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- The Center for Integrated Fungal Research and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7244, USA
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19
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Tallo CA, Duncan LH, Yamamoto AH, Slaydon JD, Arya GH, Turlapati L, Mackay TFC, Carbone MA. Heat shock proteins and small nucleolar RNAs are dysregulated in a Drosophila model for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021. [PMID: 33561224 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa014.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In cats, mutations in myosin binding protein C (encoded by the MYBPC3 gene) have been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the molecular mechanisms linking these mutations to HCM remain unknown. Here, we establish Drosophila melanogaster as a model to understand this connection by generating flies harboring MYBPC3 missense mutations (A31P and R820W) associated with feline HCM. The A31P and R820W flies displayed cardiovascular defects in their heart rates and exercise endurance. We used RNA-seq to determine which processes are misregulated in the presence of mutant MYBPC3 alleles. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant downregulation of genes encoding small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs) in exercised female flies harboring the mutant alleles compared to flies that harbor the wild-type allele. Other processes that were affected included the unfolded protein response and immune/defense responses. These data show that mutant MYBPC3 proteins have widespread effects on the transcriptome of co-regulated genes. Transcriptionally differentially expressed genes are also candidate genes for future evaluation as genetic modifiers of HCM as well as candidate genes for genotype by exercise environment interaction effects on the manifestation of HCM; in cats as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Tallo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Laura H Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Akihiko H Yamamoto
- The Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Joshua D Slaydon
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Gunjan H Arya
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Lavanya Turlapati
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- The Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Mary A Carbone
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,The Center for Integrated Fungal Research and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7244, USA
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20
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Under construction: The dynamic assembly, maintenance, and degradation of the cardiac sarcomere. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:89-102. [PMID: 32920010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle and is a highly ordered protein complex with the actin and myosin filaments at its core. Assembling the sarcomere constituents into this organized structure in development, and with muscle growth as new sarcomeres are built, is a complex process coordinated by numerous factors. Once assembled, the sarcomere requires constant maintenance as its continuous contraction is accompanied by elevated mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stress, which predispose proteins to misfolding and toxic aggregation. To prevent protein misfolding and maintain sarcomere integrity, the sarcomere is monitored by an assortment of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. The need for effective PQC is heightened in cardiomyocytes which are terminally differentiated and must survive for many years while preserving optimal mechanical output. To prevent toxic protein aggregation, molecular chaperones stabilize denatured sarcomere proteins and promote their refolding. However, when old and misfolded proteins cannot be salvaged by chaperones, they must be recycled via degradation pathways: the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, which operate under basal conditions, and the stress-responsive autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mutations to and deficiency of the molecular chaperones and associated factors charged with sarcomere maintenance commonly lead to sarcomere structural disarray and the progression of heart disease, highlighting the necessity of effective sarcomere PQC for maintaining cardiac function. This review focuses on the dynamic regulation of assembly and turnover at the sarcomere with an emphasis on the chaperones involved in these processes and describes the alterations to chaperones - through mutations and deficient expression - implicated in disease progression to heart failure.
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21
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Ryu SW, Stewart R, Pectol DC, Ender NA, Wimalarathne O, Lee JH, Zanini CP, Harvey A, Huibregtse JM, Mueller P, Paull TT. Proteome-wide identification of HSP70/HSC70 chaperone clients in human cells. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000606. [PMID: 32687490 PMCID: PMC7392334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family of chaperones are the front line of protection from stress-induced misfolding and aggregation of polypeptides in most organisms and are responsible for promoting the stability, folding, and degradation of clients to maintain cellular protein homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate quantitative identification of HSP70 and 71 kDa heat shock cognate (HSC70) clients using a ubiquitin-mediated proximity tagging strategy and show that, despite their high degree of similarity, these enzymes have largely nonoverlapping specificities. Both proteins show a preference for association with newly synthesized polypeptides, but each responds differently to changes in the stoichiometry of proteins in obligate multi-subunit complexes. In addition, expression of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutant protein induces changes in HSP70 and HSC70 client association and aggregation toward polypeptides with predicted disorder, indicating that there are global effects from a single misfolded protein that extend to many clients within chaperone networks. Together these findings show that the ubiquitin-activated interaction trap (UBAIT) fusion system can efficiently isolate the complex interactome of HSP chaperone family proteins under normal and stress conditions. Development of a ubiquitin-based system to comprehensively identify substrates of HSP70 enzymes in human cells reveals that constitutive HSC70 and stress-induced HSP70 have different binding preferences and respond dynamically to changes in misfolded protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung W. Ryu
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rose Stewart
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - D. Chase Pectol
- The Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicolette A. Ender
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oshadi Wimalarathne
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carlos P. Zanini
- Department of Statistics & Data Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antony Harvey
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jon M. Huibregtse
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Mueller
- Department of Statistics & Data Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tanya T. Paull
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Islam M, Diwan A, Mani K. Come Together: Protein Assemblies, Aggregates and the Sarcostat at the Heart of Cardiac Myocyte Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 32581848 PMCID: PMC7287178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in vertebrate systems is contingent on normal cardiac function. This, in turn, depends on intricate protein-based cellular machinery, both for contractile function, as well as, durability of cardiac myocytes. The cardiac small heat shock protein (csHsp) chaperone system, highlighted by αB-crystallin (CRYAB), a small heat shock protein (sHsp) that forms ∼3–5% of total cardiac mass, plays critical roles in maintaining proteostatic function via formation of self-assembled multimeric chaperones. In this work, we review these ancient proteins, from the evolutionarily preserved role of homologs in protists, fungi and invertebrate systems, as well as, the role of sHsps and chaperones in maintaining cardiac myocyte structure and function. We propose the concept of the “sarcostat” as a protein quality control mechanism in the sarcomere. The roles of the proteasomal and lysosomal proteostatic network, as well as, the roles of the aggresome, self-assembling protein complexes and protein aggregation are discussed in the context of cardiac myocyte homeostasis. Finally, we will review the potential for targeting the csHsp system as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent and treat cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moydul Islam
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kartik Mani
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
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23
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Helms AS, Tang VT, O'Leary TS, Friedline S, Wauchope M, Arora A, Wasserman AH, Smith ED, Lee LM, Wen XW, Shavit JA, Liu AP, Previs MJ, Day SM. Effects of MYBPC3 loss-of-function mutations preceding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133782. [PMID: 31877118 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C, encoded by MYBPC3) are the most common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Most MYBPC3 mutations result in premature termination codons (PTCs) that cause RNA degradation and a reduction of MyBP-C in HCM patient hearts. However, a reduction in MyBP-C has not been consistently observed in MYBPC3-mutant induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSCMs). To determine early MYBPC3 mutation effects, we used patient and genome-engineered iPSCMs. iPSCMs with frameshift mutations were compared with iPSCMs with MYBPC3 promoter and translational start site deletions, revealing that allelic loss of function is the primary inciting consequence of mutations causing PTCs. Despite a reduction in wild-type mRNA in all heterozygous iPSCMs, no reduction in MyBP-C protein was observed, indicating protein-level compensation through what we believe is a previously uncharacterized mechanism. Although homozygous mutant iPSCMs exhibited contractile dysregulation, heterozygous mutant iPSCMs had normal contractile function in the context of compensated MyBP-C levels. Agnostic RNA-Seq analysis revealed differential expression in genes involved in protein folding as the only dysregulated gene set. To determine how MYBPC3-mutant iPSCMs achieve compensated MyBP-C levels, sarcomeric protein synthesis and degradation were measured with stable isotope labeling. Heterozygous mutant iPSCMs showed reduced MyBP-C synthesis rates but a slower rate of MyBP-C degradation. These findings indicate that cardiomyocytes have an innate capacity to attain normal MyBP-C stoichiometry despite MYBPC3 allelic loss of function due to truncating mutations. Modulating MyBP-C degradation to maintain MyBP-C protein levels may be a novel treatment approach upstream of contractile dysfunction for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Helms
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vi T Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas S O'Leary
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sabrina Friedline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mick Wauchope
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akul Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Eric D Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allen P Liu
- Mechanical Engineering.,Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
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24
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Dorsch LM, Schuldt M, dos Remedios CG, Schinkel AFL, de Jong PL, Michels M, Kuster DWD, Brundel BJJM, van der Velden J. Protein Quality Control Activation and Microtubule Remodeling in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2019; 8:E741. [PMID: 31323898 PMCID: PMC6678711 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder. It is mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. Mutant forms of these highly abundant proteins likely stress the protein quality control (PQC) system of cardiomyocytes. The PQC system, together with a functional microtubule network, maintains proteostasis. We compared left ventricular (LV) tissue of nine donors (controls) with 38 sarcomere mutation-positive (HCMSMP) and 14 sarcomere mutation-negative (HCMSMN) patients to define HCM and mutation-specific changes in PQC. Mutations in HCMSMP result in poison polypeptides or reduced protein levels (haploinsufficiency, HI). The main findings were 1) several key PQC players were more abundant in HCM compared to controls, 2) after correction for sex and age, stabilizing heat shock protein (HSP)B1, and refolding, HSPD1 and HSPA2 were increased in HCMSMP compared to controls, 3) α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin levels were higher in HCM compared to controls, especially in HCMHI, 4) myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) levels were inversely correlated with α-tubulin, and 5) α-tubulin levels correlated with acetylated α-tubulin and HSPs. Overall, carrying a mutation affects PQC and α-tubulin acetylation. The haploinsufficiency of cMyBP-C may trigger HSPs and α-tubulin acetylation. Our study indicates that proliferation of the microtubular network may represent a novel pathomechanism in cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency-mediated HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Dorsch
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristobal G dos Remedios
- Sydney Heart Bank, Discipline of Anatomy, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Arend F L Schinkel
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L de Jong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Follett J, Fox JD, Gustavsson EK, Kadgien C, Munsie LN, Cao LP, Tatarnikov I, Milnerwood AJ, Farrer MJ. DNAJC13 p.Asn855Ser, implicated in familial parkinsonism, alters membrane dynamics of sorting nexin 1. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:114-122. [PMID: 31082451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
DNAJC13 (RME-8) is a core co-chaperone that facilitates membrane recycling and cargo sorting of endocytosed proteins. DNAJ/Hsp40 (heat shock protein 40) proteins are highly conserved throughout evolution and mediate the folding of nascent proteins, and the unfolding, refolding or degradation of misfolded proteins while assisting in associated-membrane translocation. DNAJC13 is one of five DNAJ 'C' class chaperone variants implicated in monogenic parkinsonism. Here we examine the effect of the DNAJC13 disease-linked mutation (p.Asn855Ser) on its interacting partners, focusing on sorting nexin 1 (SNX1) membrane dynamics in primary cortical neurons derived from a novel Dnajc13 p.Asn855Ser knock-in (DKI) mouse model. Dnajc13 p.Asn855Ser mutant and wild type protein expression were equivalent in mature heterozygous cultures (DIV21). While SNX1-positive puncta density, area, and WASH-retromer assembly were comparable between cultures derived from DKI and wild type littermates, the formation of SNX1-enriched tubules in DKI neuronal cultures was significantly increased. Thus, Dnajc13 p.Asn855Ser disrupts SNX1 membrane-tubulation and trafficking, analogous to results from RME-8 depletion studies. The data suggest the mutation confers a dominant-negative gain-of-function in RME-8. Implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Follett
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
| | - Jesse D Fox
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Emil K Gustavsson
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chelsie Kadgien
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Lise N Munsie
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Li Ping Cao
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Igor Tatarnikov
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Fang X, Bogomolovas J, Trexler C, Chen J. The BAG3-dependent and -independent roles of cardiac small heat shock proteins. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126464. [PMID: 30830872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise an important protein family that is ubiquitously expressed, is highly conserved among species, and has emerged as a critical regulator of protein folding. While these proteins are functionally important for a variety of tissues, an emerging field of cardiovascular research reveals sHSPs are also extremely important for maintaining normal cardiac function and regulating the cardiac stress response. Notably, numerous mutations in genes encoding sHSPs have been associated with multiple cardiac diseases. sHSPs (HSPB5, HSPB6, and HSPB8) have been described as mediating chaperone functions within the heart by interacting with the cochaperone protein BCL-2-associated anthanogene 3 (BAG3); however, recent reports indicate that sHSPs (HSPB7) can perform other BAG3-independent functions. Here, we summarize the cardiac functions of sHSPs and present the notion that cardiac sHSPs function via BAG3-dependent or -independent pathways.
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Allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency in MYBPC3-linked hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:781-793. [PMID: 30456444 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) represent the most frequent cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), making up approximately 50% of identified HCM mutations. MYBPC3 is distinct among other sarcomere genes associated with HCM in that truncating mutations make up the vast majority, whereas nontruncating mutations predominant in other sarcomere genes. Several studies using myocardial tissue from HCM patients have found reduced abundance of wild-type MYBPC3 compared to control hearts, suggesting haploinsufficiency of full-length MYBPC3. Further, decreased mutant versus wild-type mRNA and lack of truncated mutant MYBPC3 protein has been demonstrated, highlighting the presence of allelic imbalance. In this review, we will begin by introducing allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency, highlighting the broad role each plays within the spectrum of human disease. We will subsequently focus on the roles allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency play within MYBPC3-linked HCM. Finally, we will explore the implications of these findings on future directions of HCM research. An improved understanding of allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency may help us better understand genotype-phenotype relationships in HCM and develop novel targeted therapies, providing exciting future research opportunities.
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Dorsch LM, Schuldt M, Knežević D, Wiersma M, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J, Brundel BJJM. Untying the knot: protein quality control in inherited cardiomyopathies. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:795-806. [PMID: 30109411 PMCID: PMC6475634 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins are the most important causes of inherited cardiomyopathies, which are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although genetic screening procedures for early disease detection have been improved significantly, treatment to prevent or delay mutation-induced cardiac disease onset is lacking. Recent findings indicate that loss of protein quality control (PQC) is a central factor in the disease pathology leading to derailment of cellular protein homeostasis. Loss of PQC includes impairment of heat shock proteins, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. This may result in accumulation of misfolded and aggregation-prone mutant proteins, loss of sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins, and, ultimately, loss of cardiac function. PQC derailment can be a direct effect of the mutation-induced activation, a compensatory mechanism due to mutation-induced cellular dysfunction or a consequence of the simultaneous occurrence of the mutation and a secondary hit. In this review, we discuss recent mechanistic findings on the role of proteostasis derailment in inherited cardiomyopathies, with special focus on sarcomeric gene mutations and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Dorsch
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dora Knežević
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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