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Mehl J, Farahani SK, Brauer E, Klaus‐Bergmann A, Thiele T, Ellinghaus A, Bartels‐Klein E, Koch K, Schmidt‐Bleek K, Petersen A, Gerhardt H, Vogel V, Duda GN. External Mechanical Stability Regulates Hematoma Vascularization in Bone Healing Rather than Endothelial YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307050. [PMID: 38273642 PMCID: PMC10987120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is regulated by mechanobiological cues. Both, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and microvascular assembly determine the dynamics of the regenerative processes. Mechanical instability as by inter-fragmentary shear or compression is known to influence early ECM formation and wound healing. However, it remains unclear how these external cues shape subsequent ECM and microvascular network assembly. As transcriptional coactivators, the mechanotransducers yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) translate physical cues into downstream signaling events, yet their role in sprouting angiogenesis into the hematoma after injury is unknown. Using bone healing as model system for scar-free regeneration, the role of endothelial YAP/TAZ in combination with tuning the extrinsic mechanical stability via fracture fixation is investigated. Extrinsically imposed shear across the gap delayed hematoma remodeling and shaped the morphology of early collagen fiber orientations and microvascular networks, suggesting that enhanced shear increased the nutrient exchange in the hematoma. In contrast, endothelial YAP/TAZ deletion has little impact on the overall vascularization of the fracture gap, yet slightly increases the collagen fiber deposition under semi-rigid fixation. Together, these data provide novel insights into the respective roles of endothelial YAP/TAZ and extrinsic mechanical cues in orchestrating the process of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mehl
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Saeed Khomeijani Farahani
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Erik Brauer
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Alexandra Klaus‐Bergmann
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Tobias Thiele
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Agnes Ellinghaus
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Eireen Bartels‐Klein
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Katharina Koch
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Katharina Schmidt‐Bleek
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
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Jarius S, Bräuninger S, Chung HY, Geis C, Haas J, Komorowski L, Wildemann B, Roth C. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 autoantibody (ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj)-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, encephalitis and peripheral neuropathy: review of the literature. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:196. [PMID: 35907972 PMCID: PMC9338677 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2014, we first described novel autoantibodies to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj) in patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA) in this journal. Here, we provide a review of the available literature on ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj, covering clinical and paraclinical presentation, tumour association, serological findings, and immunopathogenesis. Methods Review of the peer-reviewed and PubMed-listed English language literature on ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj. In addition, we provide an illustrative report on a new patient with ITPR1-IgG-associated encephalitis with cognitive decline and psychosis. Results So far, at least 31 patients with serum ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj have been identified (clinical information available for 21). The most common manifestations were ACA, encephalopathy with seizures, myelopathy, and (radiculo)neuropathy, including autonomic neuropathy. In 45% of cases, an underlying tumour was present, making the condition a facultative paraneoplastic neurological disorder. The neurological syndrome preceded tumour diagnosis in all but one case. In most cases, immunotherapy had only moderate or no effect. The association of ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj with manifestations other than ACA is corroborated by the case of a 48-year-old woman with high-titre ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj antibodies and rapid cognitive decline, affecting memory, attention and executive function, and psychotic manifestations, including hallucinations, investigated here in detail. FDG-PET revealed right-temporal glucose hypermetabolism compatible with limbic encephalitis. Interestingly, ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj mainly belonged to the IgG2 subclass in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in this and further patients, while it was predominantly IgG1 in other patients, including those with more severe outcome, and remained detectable over the entire course of disease. Immunotherapy with intravenous methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulins, was repeatedly followed by partial or complete recovery. Long-term treatment with cyclophosphamide was paralleled by relative stabilization, although the patient noted clinical worsening at the end of each treatment cycle. Conclusions The spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with ITPR1 autoimmunity is broader than initially thought. Immunotherapy may be effective in some cases. Studies evaluating the frequency of ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj in patients with cognitive decline and/or psychosis of unknown aetiology are warranted. Tumour screening is essential in patients presenting with ITPR1-IgG/anti-Sj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Neurology, DRK-Kliniken Nordhessen, Kassel, Germany.
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Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment of Dermatomyositis and Immune Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies: A Focused Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084301. [PMID: 35457124 PMCID: PMC9030619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), collectively known as myositis, are a composite group of rare autoimmune diseases affecting mostly skeletal muscle, although other organs or tissues may also be involved. The main clinical feature of myositis is subacute, progressive, symmetrical muscle weakness in the proximal arms and legs, whereas subtypes of myositis may also present with extramuscular features, such as skin involvement, arthritis or interstitial lung disease (ILD). Established subgroups of IIM include dermatomyositis (DM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), overlap myositis (OM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Although these subgroups have overlapping clinical features, the widespread variation in the clinical manifestations of IIM suggests different pathophysiological mechanisms. Various components of the immune system are known to be important immunopathogenic pathways in IIM, although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms causing the muscle damage remain unknown. Current treatment, which consists of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents, often fails to achieve a sustained beneficial response and is associated with various adverse effects. New therapeutic targets have been identified that may improve outcomes in patients with IIM. A better understanding of the overlapping and diverging pathophysiological mechanisms of the major subgroups of myositis is needed to optimize treatment. The aim of this review is to report on recent advancements regarding DM and IMNM.
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Chalayer E, Gramont B, Zekre F, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Waeckel L, Grange L, Paul S, Chung AW, Killian M. Fc receptors gone wrong: A comprehensive review of their roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:103016. [PMID: 34915182 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have a complex and only partially known pathophysiology with various abnormalities involving all the components of the immune system. Among these components, antibodies, and especially autoantibodies are key elements contributing to autoimmunity. The interaction of antibody fragment crystallisable (Fc) and several distinct receptors, namely Fc receptors (FcRs), have gained much attention during the recent years, with possible major therapeutic perspectives for the future. The aim of this review is to comprehensively describe the known roles for FcRs (activating and inhibitory FcγRs, neonatal FcR [FcRn], FcαRI, FcεRs, Ro52/tripartite motif containing 21 [Ro52/TRIM21], FcδR, and the novel Fc receptor-like [FcRL] family) in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, namely rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis, Behçet's disease, Kawasaki disease, IgG4-related disease, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Chalayer
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France; INSERM U1059-Sainbiose, dysfonction vasculaire et hémostase, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Baptiste Gramont
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Franck Zekre
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Pediatrics, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lucile Grange
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amy W Chung
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Pitfalls in establishing mouse model of female infertility by immunization with human centromere protein. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:20-22. [PMID: 34418489 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Huang Q, Ying Y. Anticentromere antibody induced by immunization with centromere protein and Freund's complete adjuvant may interfere with mouse early-stage embryo. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:127. [PMID: 34416895 PMCID: PMC8377848 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticentromere antibody (ACA) is a member of the antinuclear antibody spectrum (ANAs) which has been speculated to be associated with subfertility. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the induction of ACA production and its potential interference with early-stage embryos. METHODS Recombinant centromere protein-A (CENP-A) or centromere protein-B (CENP-B) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were used to immunize mice. Serum ACA level was then evaluated by using an indirect immunofluorescence test. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect IgG in follicles in ovarian tissues and early-stage embryos. RESULTS Following treatment, serum positive ACA was observed in mice treated with CENP and CFA. Furthermore, IgG were detected in follicular fluid and early-stage embryos from mice treated with CENP and CFA. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily indicated that ACA induced by CENP and CFA may penetrate into the living embryos of early-stage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Liu
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengshun County People’s Hospital, Fengshun county, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province China
| | - Haiying Liu
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Huang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ying
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kunishita Y, Yoshimi R, Kamiyama R, Kishimoto D, Yoshida K, Hashimoto E, Komiya T, Sakurai N, Sugiyama Y, Kirino Y, Ozato K, Nakajima H. TRIM21 Dysfunction Enhances Aberrant B-Cell Differentiation in Autoimmune Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32117252 PMCID: PMC7020776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIM21 is one of the autoantigens that reacts with an anti-SS-A antibody (Ab) present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome. TRIM21 is thought to play a role in B-cell proliferation and apoptosis, among other activities. Here we examined a pathological role of TRIM21 in SLE. Trim21-deficient MRL/lpr mice were generated by backcrossing Trim21-deficient C57BL/6 mice to MRL/lpr mice. The levels of serum anti-dsDNA Ab and urine protein at 28 weeks of age were significantly higher in Trim21-deficient MRL/lpr mice as compared to wild-type MRL/lpr mice (p = 0.029 and 0.003, respectively). Resting B cells from Trim21-deficient mice showed significantly higher abilities to differentiate into plasmablasts and to produce Ab as compared with control mice. Due to the reduction of TRIM21-mediated ubiquitylation, IRF5 protein expression was increased in Trim21-deficient MRL/lpr mice (p = 0.021), which correlated with increased plasmablast generation and immunoglobulin production. B cells from SLE patients with anti-TRIM21 Ab seropositivity also showed a significantly higher ability to differentiate into plasmablasts as compared with those without anti-TRIM21 Ab or healthy controls. These results suggest that TRIM21 dysfunction contributes to SLE pathogenesis by promoting B-cell differentiation, for which anti-TRIM21 Ab may be partly responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kunishita
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reikou Kamiyama
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daiga Kishimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eijin Hashimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Komiya
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sakurai
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sugiyama
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Cleaved CD31 as a target for in vivo molecular imaging of inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19560. [PMID: 31863037 PMCID: PMC6925130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new targets to specifically localize inflammatory foci, usable in a wide range of organs. Here, we hypothesized that the cleaved molecular form of CD31 is a suitable target for molecular imaging of inflammation. We evaluated a bioconjugate of D-P8RI, a synthetic peptide that binds all cells with cleaved CD31, in an experimental rat model of sterile acute inflammation. Male Wistar rats were injected with turpentine oil into the gastrocnemius muscle two days before 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI (or its analogue with L-Proline) SPECT/CT or [18F]FDG PET/MRI. Biodistribution, stability study, histology, imaging and autoradiography of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI were further performed. Biodistribution studies revealed rapid elimination of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI through renal excretion with almost no uptake from most organs and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability were observed. SPECT/CT imaging showed a significant higher 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake compared with its analogue with L-Proline (negative control) and no significant difference compared with [18F]FDG (positive control). Moreover, autoradiography and histology revealed a co-localization between 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake and inflammatory cell infiltration. 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI constitutes a new tool for the detection and localization of inflammatory sites. Our work suggests that targeting cleaved CD31 is an attractive strategy for the specific in vivo imaging of inflammatory processes.
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Inoue K, Ishizawa M, Kubota T. Monoclonal anti-dsDNA antibody 2C10 escorts DNA to intracellular DNA sensors in normal mononuclear cells and stimulates secretion of multiple cytokines implicated in lupus pathogenesis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:150-162. [PMID: 31604370 PMCID: PMC6954677 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many studies on the mechanisms of internalization of DNA–anti‐DNA immune complexes by cells, including the one used for rheumatoid factor‐expressing mouse B cells. In parallel, studies on the role of intracellular DNA sensors in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been conducted, including the one using a mouse model lacking one of the sensors. These and other data have established a framework for understanding the pathogenic role of anti‐DNA antibodies, but studies on normal cells are limited. Here, we used the monoclonal anti‐dsDNA antibody 2C10, 2‐kbp dsDNA and healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to test whether and how 2C10 and/or DNA cause pathology in normal cells. We found that on culture with PBMCs, 2C10 preferentially entered monocytes and that DNA enhanced this internalization. In contrast, DNA alone was not significantly internalized by monocytes, but 2C10 facilitated its internalization. This was suppressed by cytochalasin D, but not by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, chloroquine or an Fc blocker, suggesting the involvement of macropinocytosis in this process. Internalization of 2C10 and DNA together resulted in production of interferon (IFN)‐α, IFN‐γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐33 by PBMCs. Cytokine production was suppressed by chloroquine and shikonin, but not by RU.521, suggesting dependence on activation of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9 and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM‐2) pathways. These results established a simple model to demonstrate that anti‐DNA antibodies can cause dysregulation of cytokine network mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus in culture of normal PBMCs, and emphasize again the importance of maintaining anti‐DNA antibodies at low levels by treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ishizawa
- Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Ren Y, Qi Y, Su X. Th17 cells in glaucoma patients promote Ig production in IL-17A and IL-21-dependent manner. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:875-882. [PMID: 31330064 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of autoantibodies is a hallmark of immune dysregulation in glaucoma and may cause retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and immune-mediated nerve damage, thus contributing to the development of blindness. The cause of autoantibody upregulation remains unclear. Th17 cells are shown to promote autoimmunity and Ig production. Here, we demonstrate that the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-21 are comparable between glaucoma patients and non-glaucoma controls. However, the levels of Th17-promoting cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) IL-6, are higher in glaucoma patients than in controls. Subsequently, we demonstrate that glaucoma patients present upregulated levels of Th17 cells that are quiescent directly ex vivo. Interestingly, compared to the Th17 cells from non-glaucoma subjects, the Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present similar IL-17A production capacity but significantly higher IL-21 production capacity. Given that IL-21 is also described as a specific cytokine of follicular helper T cells, the Ig production by B cells following co-incubation with circulating Th17 cells is investigated. Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present significantly enhanced potential to promote Ig production than the Th17 cells from controls. Both glaucoma patient Th17 cells and control Th17 cells require IL-17A and IL-21 for Ig production. Overall, results from this study suggest that Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present elevated capacity to stimulate Ig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanxiu Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingjie Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Beutgen VM, Perumal N, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Autoantibody Biomarker Discovery in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Using Serological Proteome Analysis (SERPA). Front Immunol 2019; 10:381. [PMID: 30899261 PMCID: PMC6417464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neurological disorder and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) as its most prevalent form. An early diagnosis of the disease is crucial to prevent loss of vision. Mechanisms behind glaucoma pathogenesis are not completely understood, but disease related alterations in the serological autoantibody profile indicate an immunologic component. These changes in immunoreactivity may serve as potential biomarkers for glaucoma diagnostics. We aimed to identify novel disease related autoantibodies targeting antigens in the trabecular meshwork as biomarkers to support early detection of POAG. We used serological proteome analysis (SERPA) for initial autoantibody profiling in a discovery sample set. The identified autoantibodies were validated by protein microarray analysis in a larger cohort with 60 POAG patients and 45 control subjects. In this study, we discovered CALD1, PGAM1, and VDAC2 as new biomarker candidates. With the use of artificial neural networks, the panel of these candidates and the already known markers HSPD1 and VIM was able to classify subjects into POAG patients and non-glaucomatous controls with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 93%. These results suggest the benefit of these potential autoantibody biomarkers for utilization in glaucoma diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Beutgen
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Virachith S, Saito M, Watanabe Y, Inoue K, Hoshi O, Kubota T. Anti-β 2 -glycoprotein I antibody with DNA binding activity enters living monocytes via cell surface DNA and induces tissue factor expression. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:167-178. [PMID: 30368780 PMCID: PMC6330651 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies characteristic for anti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies and anti‐DNA antibodies, respectively, and almost half of APS cases occur in SLE. Anti‐β2GPI antibodies are recognized to play a pivotal role in inducing a prothrombotic state, but the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In a widely accepted view, binding of anti‐β2GPI antibodies to cell surface β2GPI in monocytes and endothelial cells triggers the Toll‐like receptor 4‐myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLR)‐4‐MyD88) signaling pathway which leads to activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (MEK‐1/ERK) and/or nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and expression of tissue factor (TF). However, resting cells do not express substantial amounts of TLR‐4. Previously, we generated a mouse monoclonal anti‐β2GPI antibody WB‐6 and showed that it induced a prothrombotic state – including TF expression on circulating monocytes – in normal mice. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of interaction between WB‐6 and resting monocytes, and found that WB‐6 exhibits binding activity to DNA and enters living monocytes or a monocytic cell line and, to a lesser extent, vascular endothelial cells. Treatment of the cells with DNase I reduced the internalization, suggesting the involvement of cell surface DNA in this phenomenon. Monocytes harboring internalized WB‐6 expressed TF and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α which, in turn, stimulated endothelial cells to express intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐I) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐I). These results suggest the possibility that a subset of anti‐β2GPI antibodies with dual reactivity to DNA possesses ability to stimulate DNA sensors in the cytoplasm, in addition to the cell surface receptor‐mediated pathways, leading to produce proinflammatory and prothrombotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Virachith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Hoshi
- Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Bergua C, Chiavelli H, Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Arnoult C, Bourdenet G, Jean L, Zoubairi R, Guerout N, Mahler M, Benveniste O, Drouot L, Boyer O. In vivo pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:131-139. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesIn autoimmunity, autoantibodies (aAb) may be simple biomarkers of disease or true pathogenic effectors. A form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) or anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) aAb has been individualised and is referred to as immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). The level of aAb correlates with IMNM activity and disease may respond to immunosuppression, suggesting that they are pathogenic. We aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR aAb in vivo by developing the first mouse model of IMNM.MethodsIgG from patients suffering from anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR associated IMNM were passively transferred to wild-type, Rag2-/- or complement C3-/- mice. Muscle deficiency was evaluated by muscle strength on electrostimulation and grip test. Histological analyses were performed after haematoxylin/eosin staining or by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry analysis. Antibody levels were quantified by addressable laser bead assay (ALBIA).ResultsPassive transfer of IgG from patients suffering from IMNM to C57BL/6 or Rag2-/- mice provoked muscle deficiency. Pathogenicity of aAb was reduced in C3-/- mice while increased by supplementation with human complement. Breakage of tolerance by active immunisation with SRP or HMGCR provoked disease.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patient-derived anti-SRP+ and anti-HMGCR+ IgG are pathogenic towards muscle in vivo through a complement-mediated mechanism, definitively establishing the autoimmune character of IMNM. These data support the use of plasma exchanges and argue for evaluating complement-targeting therapies in IMNM.
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14
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Park H, Kim M, Seo Y, Ham Y, Cho MY, Kwon MH. Cytosolic Internalization of Anti-DNA Antibodies by Human Monocytes Induces Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Independently of the Tripartite Motif-Containing 21 (TRIM21)-Mediated Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2019. [PMID: 30233598 PMCID: PMC6131520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-DNA autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A subset of anti-DNA IgG autoantibodies is cell-internalizable; thus they can enter living cells in the form of free IgG. However, the contribution made by the Fc region of internalized free-form IgG to the cytokine response has not been studied, despite the recent discovery of tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), a cytosolic Fc receptor involved in immune signaling. This study used an internalizable IgG anti-DNA antibody (3D8) to examine the cytokine responses of human monocytes to the Fc region of cytosolic free IgG. Internalization of 3D8 IgG and a 3D8 single-chain variable fragment-Fc (scFv-Fc) induced production of IL-8 and TNF-α via activation of NF-κB. By contrast, a 3D8 scFv (comprising variable domains alone) did not. This suggests Fc-dependent cytokine signaling. A 3D8 IgG-N434D mutant that is not recognized by TRIM21 induced greater production of cytokines than 3D8 IgG. Moreover the amounts of cytokines induced by 3D8 IgG in TRIM21-knockdown THP-1 cells were higher than those in control cells, indicating that cytokine signaling is not mediated by TRIM21. The results suggest the existence of a novel Fc-dependent signaling pathway that is activated upon internalization of IgG antibodies by human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youngsil Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yeonkyoung Ham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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15
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Ladislau L, Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O. Potential Pathogenic Role of Anti-Signal Recognition Protein and Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018; 20:56. [PMID: 30074107 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the potential pathogenic roles of anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR in IMNM over the past 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of acquired autoimmune disorders that mainly affect the skeletal muscle tissue. Classification criteria of IIM are comprised of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies. One important hallmark of autoimmune diseases is the detection of autoantibodies in patient sera. The anti-SRP (signal recognition particle) and anti-HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) antibodies are specifically associated with IMNM patients, and their detection has been described as related to disease severity. The muscles of IMNM patients are characterized by necrosis, atrophy and regenerating fibres with sparse inflammatory infiltrates. Although an important correlation between autoantibody titres, creatine kinase levels and disease progression/severity has been described in the last few years, the potential pathogenic roles of these autoantibodies have only recently been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ladislau
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Louiza Arouche-Delaperche
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Allenbach
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France.
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16
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Park H, Kim M, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Seo Y, Pham CD, Lee J, Byun SJ, Kwon MH. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) function as endocytic receptors for an internalizing anti-nucleic acid antibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14373. [PMID: 29085061 PMCID: PMC5662561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies enters a variety of living cells. Here, we aimed to identify the endocytic receptors recognized by an internalizing anti-nucleic acid autoantibody, the 3D8 single-chain variable fragment (scFv). We found that cell surface binding and internalization of 3D8 scFv were inhibited markedly in soluble heparan sulfate (HS)/chondroitin sulfate (CS)-deficient or -removed cells and in the presence of soluble HS and CS. 3D8 scFv colocalized intracellularly with either HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) or CSPGs in HeLa cells. 3D8 scFv was co-endocytosed and co-precipitated with representative individual HSPG and CSPG molecules: syndecan-2 (a transmembrane HSPG), glypican-3 (a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored HSPG); CD44 (a transmembrane CSPG); and brevican (a GPI-anchored CSPG). Collected data indicate that 3D8 scFv binds to the negatively charged sugar chains of both HSPGs and CSPGs and is then internalized along with these molecules, irrespective of how these proteoglycans are associated with the cell membrane. This is the first study to show that anti-DNA antibodies enter cells via both HSPGs and CSPGs simultaneously. The data may aid understanding of endocytic receptors that bind anti-DNA autoantibodies. The study also provides insight into potential cell membrane targets for macromolecular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Yeonjin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Youngsil Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Chuong D Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Joungmin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Sung June Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 565-851, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea.
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17
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Rhodes DA, Isenberg DA. TRIM21 and the Function of Antibodies inside Cells. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:916-926. [PMID: 28807517 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting disease-associated antigens are key tools in the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity. So far, therapeutic antibodies have targeted antigens that are, or are presumed to be, extracellular. A largely overlooked property of antibodies is their functional activity inside cells. The diverse literature dealing with intracellular antibodies emerged historically from studies of the properties of some autoantibodies. The identification of tripartite motif (TRIM) 21 as an intracellular Fc receptor linking cytosolic antibody recognition to the ubiquitin proteasome system brings this research into sharper focus. We review critically the research related to intracellular antibodies, link this to the TRIM21 effector mechanism, and highlight how this work is exposing the previously restricted intracellular space to the potential of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Mylonas KJ, Turner NA, Bageghni SA, Kenyon CJ, White CI, McGregor K, Kimmitt RA, Sulston R, Kelly V, Walker BR, Porter KE, Chapman KE, Gray GA. 11β-HSD1 suppresses cardiac fibroblast CXCL2, CXCL5 and neutrophil recruitment to the heart post MI. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:315-327. [PMID: 28522730 PMCID: PMC5457506 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that neutrophil recruitment to the heart following myocardial infarction (MI) is enhanced in mice lacking 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) that regenerates active glucocorticoid within cells from intrinsically inert metabolites. The present study aimed to identify the mechanism of regulation. In a mouse model of MI, neutrophil mobilization to blood and recruitment to the heart were higher in 11β-HSD1-deficient (Hsd11b1-/- ) relative to wild-type (WT) mice, despite similar initial injury and circulating glucocorticoid. In bone marrow chimeric mice, neutrophil mobilization was increased when 11β-HSD1 was absent from host cells, but not when absent from donor bone marrow-derived cells. Consistent with a role for 11β-HSD1 in 'host' myocardium, gene expression of a subset of neutrophil chemoattractants, including the chemokines Cxcl2 and Cxcl5, was selectively increased in the myocardium of Hsd11b1-/- mice relative to WT. SM22α-Cre directed disruption of Hsd11b1 in smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes had no effect on neutrophil recruitment. Expression of Cxcl2 and Cxcl5 was elevated in fibroblast fractions isolated from hearts of Hsd11b1-/- mice post MI and provision of either corticosterone or of the 11β-HSD1 substrate, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, to cultured murine cardiac fibroblasts suppressed IL-1α-induced expression of Cxcl2 and Cxcl5 These data identify suppression of CXCL2 and CXCL5 chemoattractant expression by 11β-HSD1 as a novel mechanism with potential for regulation of neutrophil recruitment to the injured myocardium, and cardiac fibroblasts as a key site for intracellular glucocorticoid regeneration during acute inflammation following myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Mylonas
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil A Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes ResearchLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sumia A Bageghni
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes ResearchLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher J Kenyon
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher I White
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kieran McGregor
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert A Kimmitt
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Sulston
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Valerie Kelly
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen E Porter
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes ResearchLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Amelin D, Preusse C, Mouly V, Mauhin W, Tchoupou GD, Drouot L, Boyer O, Stenzel W, Butler-Browne G, Benveniste O. Pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in necrotizing myopathies: Myofiber atrophy and impairment of muscle regeneration in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:538-548. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Arouche-Delaperche
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Department of Inflammation, Immunopathology, and Biotherapy, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Public Hospital Network of Paris; Paris France
| | - Damien Amelin
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Wladimir Mauhin
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Gaelle Dzangue Tchoupou
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Laurent Drouot
- Department of Immunology; University of Normandy UNIROUEN, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1234, Rouen University Hospital; Rouen France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Department of Immunology; University of Normandy UNIROUEN, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1234, Rouen University Hospital; Rouen France
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Sorbonne Universities, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Center for Scientific Research, Myology Research Center; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Department of Inflammation, Immunopathology, and Biotherapy, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Public Hospital Network of Paris; Paris France
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20
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Cardiomyopathy - An approach to the autoimmune background. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:269-286. [PMID: 28163240 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is increasingly accepted as the origin or amplifier of various diseases. In contrast to classic autoantibodies (AABs), which induce immune responses resulting in the destruction of the affected tissue, an additional class of AABs is directed against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; GPCR-AABs). GPCR-AABs functionally affect their related GPCRs for activation of receptor mediated signal cascades. Diseases which are characterized by the presence of GPCR-AABs with evidence for disease-specific pathogenic activity could be named "functional autoantibody disease". We briefly summarize here the historical view on autoimmunity in cardiomyopathy, followed by an approach to the mechanistic autoimmunity background. Furthermore, autoantibodies with outstanding importance for cardiomyopathies as a functional autoantibody disease, such as GPCR-AABs, and mainly those directed against the beta1-adrenergic and muscarinic 2 receptor autoantibodies, are introduced. Anti-cardiac myosin and anti-cardiac troponin autoantibodies, as further potential players in autoimmune cardiomyopathy, are additionally taken into account. The basic view on the autoantibodies, their related receptor interactions and pathogenic consequences are presented. Focused specifically on GPCR-AABs, "pros and cons" of assays such as indirect assays (functional changes of cell preparations are monitored after GPCR-AAB receptor binding) and direct assays based on the ELISA technologies (GPCR epitope mimics for GPCR-AAB binding) are critically discussed. Last but not least, treatment strategies for "functional autoantibody disease", such as for GPCR-AAB removal (therapeutic plasma exchange, immunoadsorption) and in vivo GPCR-AAB attack such as intravenous IgG treatment (IVIG), B-cell depletion and GPCR-AAB binding and neutralization, are critically reflected with respect to their patient benefits.
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Abstract
Autoimmunity and cancer have a multifarious epidemiology. Often, it is because of an impaired genome, culminating in functional aberrations in the human system. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous complex disease which ensues due to the failure of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self antigens, thus producing autoantibodies against DNA, RNA and proteins. Cancer, the other side of the same coin, results from an excessive proliferation of cells that evade immune regulation as a result of incompetent defense by T-cells, B-cells and macrophages. Recent findings have indicated that lupus autoantibodies could be used as an effective weapon to kill cancerous cells. This is an attempt to take an account of malicious 'lupus autoantibodies' and their role in neutralizing cancerous cells which may help in enhancing the survival rate of cancer patients, hence, killers can be saviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singh
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Agarwal
- 2 Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Prosek
- 2 Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M S K Jayadev
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Singh
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rivas JR, Ireland SJ, Chkheidze R, Rounds WH, Lim J, Johnson J, Ramirez DMO, Ligocki AJ, Chen D, Guzman AA, Woodhall M, Wilson PC, Meffre E, White C, Greenberg BM, Waters P, Cowell LG, Stowe AM, Monson NL. Peripheral VH4+ plasmablasts demonstrate autoreactive B cell expansion toward brain antigens in early multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:43-60. [PMID: 27730299 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablasts are a highly differentiated, antibody secreting B cell subset whose prevalence correlates with disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). For most patients experiencing partial transverse myelitis (PTM), plasmablasts are elevated in the blood at the first clinical presentation of disease (known as a clinically isolated syndrome or CIS). In this study we found that many of these peripheral plasmablasts are autoreactive and recognize primarily gray matter targets in brain tissue. These plasmablasts express antibodies that over-utilize immunoglobulin heavy chain V-region subgroup 4 (VH4) genes, and the highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize intracellular antigens of neurons and astrocytes. Most of the autoreactive, highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize only a portion of cortical neurons, indicating that the response may be specific to neuronal subgroups or layers. Furthermore, CIS-PTM patients with this plasmablast response also exhibit modest reactivity toward neuroantigens in the plasma IgG antibody pool. Taken together, these data indicate that expanded VH4+ peripheral plasmablasts in early MS patients recognize brain gray matter antigens. Peripheral plasmablasts may be participating in the autoimmune response associated with MS, and provide an interesting avenue for investigating the expansion of autoreactive B cells at the time of the first documented clinical event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Rivas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara J Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rati Chkheidze
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William H Rounds
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Lim
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jordan Johnson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise M O Ramirez
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann J Ligocki
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa A Guzman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mark Woodhall
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles White
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Patrick Waters
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lindsay G Cowell
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Unsworth AJ, Bye AP, Gibbins JM. Platelet-Derived Inhibitors of Platelet Activation. PLATELETS IN THROMBOTIC AND NON-THROMBOTIC DISORDERS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123044 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Bell K, Wilding C, Funke S, Perumal N, Beck S, Wolters D, Holz-Müller J, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Neuroprotective effects of antibodies on retinal ganglion cells in an adolescent retina organ culture. J Neurochem 2016; 139:256-269. [PMID: 27507598 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (rgc). Up- and down-regulated autoantibody immunoreactivities in glaucoma patients have been demonstrated. Previous studies showed protective effects of down-regulated antibodies [gamma (γ)-synuclein and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) on neuroretinal cells. The aim of this study was to test these protective antibody effects on rgc in an organ culture model and to get a better understanding of cell-cell interactions of the retina in the context of the protective effect. We used an adolescent retinal organ culture (pig) with an incubation time of up to 4 days. Retinal explants were incubated with different antibodies for 24 h (anti-GFAP, anti-γ-synuclein and anti-myoglobin antibody as a control). Brn3a and TUNEL staining were performed. We also conducted glutamine synthetase staining and quantification of the retinal explants. Mass spectrometry analyses were performed as well as protein analyses via microarray. We detected a continuous decrease of rgc/mm in the retinal explants throughout the 4 days of incubation with increased TUNEL rgc staining. Immunohistochemical analyses showed a protective effect of anti-γ-synuclein (increased rgc/mm of 41%) and anti-GFAP antibodies (increased rgc/mm of 37%). Mass spectrometric, microarray and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated Müller cell involvement and decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the antibody-treated retinae. We could detect that the tested antibodies have a protective effect on rgc which seems to be the result of reduced stress levels in the retina as well as a shift of glutamine synthetase localization in the endfeet of the Müller cells towards the inner retinal layer. Loss of retinal ganglion cells (rgc) in glaucoma leads to blindness. Several antibodies are down-regulated in glaucoma patients. Our aim was to test if these antibodies have a protective effect of rgc in a retinal organ culture. This could be shown with an increase of rgc numbers. This effect results through reduced stress levels and the shift of glutamine synthetase localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bell
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Corina Wilding
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Beck
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolters
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Holz-Müller
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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25
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Anti-dsDNA antibodies and resident renal cells - Their putative roles in pathogenesis of renal lesions in lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:40-50. [PMID: 27612436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis affects up to 70% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is an important treatable cause of kidney failure. Cardinal features of lupus nephritis include loss of self-tolerance, production of autoantibodies, immune complex deposition and immune-mediated injury to the kidney, resulting in increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, and induction of inflammatory and fibrotic processes that destroy normal nephrons. The production anti-dsDNA antibodies is a cardinal feature in lupus and their level correlates with disease activity. In addition to the formation of immune complexes thereby triggering complement activation, how anti-dsDNA antibodies home to the kidney and induce pathological processes in the renal parenchyma remain to be fully elucidated. Data from our laboratory and other investigators show that the properties of anti-dsDNA antibodies vary between patients and change over time, and that anti-dsDNA antibodies could bind directly to integral cell surface molecules such as annexin II or α-actinin, or indirectly through chromatin material deposited on the cell surface. The binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to mesangial cells and proximal renal tubular epithelial cells triggers downstream inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, which include the activation of the PKC and MAPK signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix protein deposition that contribute to pathological processes in the renal parenchyma.
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26
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Modulation of Dendritic-Epithelial Cell Responses against Sphingomonas Paucimobilis by Dietary Fibers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30277. [PMID: 27452116 PMCID: PMC4959002 DOI: 10.1038/srep30277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S.paucimobilis), are among the most widespread causes of nosocomial infections. Up to now, no definitive guidelines exist for antimicrobial therapy for S. paucimobilis infections. As we have shown that some dietary fibers exhibit pronounced immune-regulatory properties, we hypothesized that specific immune active dietary fibers might modulate the responses against S. paucimobilis. We studied the immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibers against S. paucimobilis on cytokine release and maturation of human dendritic cells (DCs) in co-cultures of DCs and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). S. paucimobilis infection resulted in increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by DCs/IECs; these effects were strongly attenuated by specific dietary fibers. Chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, and both starches had the strongest regulatory effects. IL-12 and TNF-α were drastically diminished upon exposure to chicory inulin and sugar beet pectin, or both starches. High-maize 260, was more effective in the reduction of chemokine release than the others fibers tested. In summary, chicory inulin, sugar beet pectin, High-maize 260, and Novelose 330 attenuate S. paucimobilis-induced cytokines. These results demonstrate that dietary fibers with a specific chemical composition can be used to manage immune responses against pathogens such as S. paucimobilis.
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Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a major complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. While many different immunologic and nonimmunologic factors contribute to disease expression in lupus nephritis, a large body of evidence suggests that the production of anti-DNA antibodies and the formation of glomerular immune deposits are important initial events in the pathogenesis of the disease. This review will summarize our current understanding of the differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic autoantibodies, the mechanisms by which these autoantibodies induce renal injury and the effector mechanisms which are subsequently activated by the deposited autoantibodies that ultimately lead to the expression of the different lupus lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waldman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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28
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Autoimmune aspects in glaucoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:105-18. [PMID: 27090926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glaucoma, a common neurodegenerative disease, involves an immunologic component. Studies demonstrate changes of autoantibody concentrations against retinal and optic nerve head antigens in glaucoma patients. Furthermore we found antibody deposits in human glaucomatous retinae in a pro-inflammatory environment. Clinical studies showed up regulated, but also significantly down-regulated autoantibody levels. These antibodies belong to the natural autoimmunity. The upregulation of autoantibodies can be associated with fatal conditions, but several studies demonstrate that natural autoantibodies entail also neuroprotective characteristics and influence the protein expression of neuroretinal cells. A misbalance in the physiological equilibrium may shift from regulatory immunity into a neuroinflammatory degenerative process, what may lead to a predisposition to glaucoma. However, the protective nature of autoantibodies and the molecular mechanisms underlying the very sensitive equilibrium of natural autoimmunity between autoaggression and neuroprotection offer promising target sites for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, the changes in antibody profiles represent a new opportunity as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnostics purposes.
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29
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Altered Profile of Circulating Endothelial-Derived Microparticles in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. Crit Care Med 2016; 43:e551-9. [PMID: 26308427 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary endothelial cell injury is central to the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. Mechanical ventilation can cause endothelial disruption and injury, even in the absence of preexisting inflammation. Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 is a transmembrane protein connecting adjacent endothelial cells. We hypothesized that injurious mechanical ventilation will increase circulating lung endothelial-derived microparticles, defined as microparticles positive for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, which could serve as potential biomarkers and mediators of ventilator-induced lung injury. DESIGN Prospective randomized, controlled, animal investigation. SETTING A hospital preclinical animal laboratory. SUBJECTS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Animals were randomly allocated to one of the three following ventilatory protocols for 4 hours: spontaneous breathing (control group), mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume (6 mL/kg), and mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (20 mL/kg). In both mechanical ventilation groups, positive end-expiratory pressure of 2 cm H2O was applied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We analyzed histologic lung damage, gas exchange, wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, serum cytokines levels, circulating endothelial-derived microparticles, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 lung protein content, and immunohistochemistry. When compared with low-tidal volume mechanical ventilation, high-tidal volume ventilation increased lung edema score and caused gas-exchange deterioration. These changes were associated with a marked increased of circulating endothelial-derived microparticles and a reduction of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 protein levels in the high-tidal volume lungs (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There is an endothelial-derived microparticle profile associated with disease-specific features of ventilator-induced lung injury. This profile could serve both as a biomarker of acute lung injury and, potentially, as a mediator of systemic propagation of pulmonary inflammatory response.
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30
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Zannikou M, Bellou S, Eliades P, Hatzioannou A, Mantzaris MD, Carayanniotis G, Avrameas S, Lymberi P. DNA-histone complexes as ligands amplify cell penetration and nuclear targeting of anti-DNA antibodies via energy-independent mechanisms. Immunology 2015; 147:73-81. [PMID: 26447818 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated three monoclonal cell-penetrating antibodies (CPAbs) from a non-immunized lupus-prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mouse that exhibited high anti-DNA serum titres. These CPAbs are polyreactive because they bind to DNA and other cellular components, and localize mainly in the nucleus of HeLa cells, albeit with a distinct nuclear labelling profile. Herein, we have examined whether DNA-histone complexes (DHC) binding to CPAbs, before cell entry, could modify the cell penetration of CPAbs or their nuclear staining properties. By applying confocal microscopy and image analysis, we found that extracellular binding of purified CPAbs to DHC significantly enhanced their subsequent cell-entry, both in terms of percentages of positively labelled cells and fluorescence intensity (internalized CPAb amount), whereas there was a variable effect on their nuclear staining profile. Internalization of CPAbs, either alone or bound to DHC, remained unaltered after the addition of endocytosis-specific inhibitors at 37° or assay performance at 4°, suggesting the involvement of energy-independent mechanisms in the internalization process. These findings assign to CPAbs a more complex pathogenetic role in systemic lupus erythematosus where both CPAbs and nuclear components are abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markella Zannikou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Bellou
- Division of Biomedical Research, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Petros Eliades
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatzioannou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael D Mantzaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Carayanniotis
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Stratis Avrameas
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Peggy Lymberi
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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31
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Ligocki AJ, Rivas JR, Rounds WH, Guzman AA, Li M, Spadaro M, Lahey L, Chen D, Henson PM, Graves D, Greenberg BM, Frohman EM, Ward ES, Robinson W, Meinl E, White CL, Stowe AM, Monson NL. A Distinct Class of Antibodies May Be an Indicator of Gray Matter Autoimmunity in Early and Established Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/5/1759091415609613. [PMID: 26489686 PMCID: PMC4710131 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415609613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
*These authors contributed equally to the work in this manuscript.We have previously identified a distinct class of antibodies expressed by B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of early and established relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients that is not observed in healthy donors. These antibodies contain a unique pattern of mutations in six codons along VH4 antibody genes that we termed the antibody gene signature (AGS). In fact, patients who have such B cells in their CSF are identified as either having RRMS or developing RRMS in the future. As mutations in antibody genes increase antibody affinity for particular antigens, the goal for this study was to investigate whether AGS(+) antibodies bind to brain tissue antigens. Single B cells were isolated from the CSF of 10 patients with early or established RRMS. We chose 32 of these B cells that expressed antibodies enriched for the AGS for further study. We generated monoclonal full-length recombinant human antibodies (rhAbs) and used both immunological assays and immunohistochemistry to investigate the capacity of these AGS(+) rhAbs to bind brain tissue antigens. AGS(+) rhAbs did not recognize myelin tracts in the corpus callosum. Instead, AGS(+) rhAbs recognized neuronal nuclei and/or astrocytes, which are prevalent in the cortical gray matter. This pattern was unique to the AGS(+) antibodies from early and established RRMS patients, as AGS(+) antibodies from an early neuromyelitis optica patient did not display the same reactivity. Prevalence of CSF-derived B cells expressing AGS(+) antibodies that bind to these cell types may be an indicator of gray matter-directed autoimmunity in early and established RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Ligocki
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Rivas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William H Rounds
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa A Guzman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melania Spadaro
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Lahey
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Henson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donna Graves
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elliot M Frohman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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32
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Sali AD, Karakasiliotis I, Evangelidou M, Avrameas S, Lymberi P. Immunological evidence and regulatory potential for cell-penetrating antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e42. [PMID: 26682050 PMCID: PMC4673440 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-DNA cell-penetrating autoantibodies have been extensively studied in autoimmune but not in normal sera. We investigated herein the presence and properties of cell-penetrating antibodies (CPAbs) in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a blood product of pooled normal human IgG. IVIg cell penetration was observed into various cell lines, as well as cells from several organs of mice injected intravenously with IVIg therapeutic dose. In all cell types examined in vitro and in vivo, intracellular IgG localized in the cytoplasm, in contrast to the nuclear accumulation of disease-related CPAbs. IVIg was found to rapidly enter cells via an energy-independent mode. The CPAb-fraction was isolated and found to be polyreactive to nuclear and cytoplasmic components; although it corresponded to ~2% of IVIg, it accounted for its inhibitory effect on splenocyte activation. Investigation of IVIg cell penetration capacity provides insight into its mechanisms of action and may account for some of its beneficial effects in numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki D Sali
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Evangelidou
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens, Greece
| | - Stratis Avrameas
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens, Greece
| | - Peggy Lymberi
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens, Greece
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Jarius S, Wildemann B. 'Medusa head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 3: Anti-Yo/CDR2, anti-Nb/AP3B2, PCA-2, anti-Tr/DNER, other antibodies, diagnostic pitfalls, summary and outlook. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:168. [PMID: 26377319 PMCID: PMC4573944 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as 'Medusa head antibodies' due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yung S, Chan TM. Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in Lupus Nephritis - the Role of Anti-dsDNA Antibodies. Front Immunol 2015; 6:475. [PMID: 26441980 PMCID: PMC4569852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a breakdown of self-tolerance, production of auto-antibodies and immune-mediated injury, resulting in damage accrual in multiple organs. Kidney involvement, termed lupus nephritis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that affects over half of the SLE population during the course of disease. The etiology of lupus nephritis is multifactorial and remains to be fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that in addition to forming immune complexes and triggering complement activation, anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis through binding, either directly or indirectly, to cross-reactive antigens or chromatin materials, respectively, to resident renal cells and/or extracellular matrix components, thereby triggering downstream cellular activation and proliferation as well as inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Several cross-reactive antigens that mediate anti-dsDNA antibody binding have been identified, such as annexin II and alpha-actinin. This review discusses the mechanisms through which anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to immunopathogenesis in lupus nephritis. Corticosteroids combined with either mycophenolic acid (MPA) or cyclophosphamide is the current standard of care immunosuppressive therapy for severe lupus nephritis. This review also discusses recent data showing distinct effects of MPA and cyclophosphamide on inflammatory and fibrotic processes in resident renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
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Fattal I, Shental N, Ben-Dor S, Molad Y, Gabrielli A, Pokroy-Shapira E, Oren S, Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zandman-Goddard G, Sarig O, Margalit R, Gafter U, Domany E, Cohen IR. Guanine polynucleotides are self-antigens for human natural autoantibodies and are significantly reduced in the human genome. Immunology 2015; 146:401-10. [PMID: 26227667 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of investigating anti-DNA autoantibodies, we examined IgM and IgG antibodies to poly-G and other oligonucleotides in the sera of healthy persons and those diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma (SSc), or pemphigus vulgaris (PV); we used an antigen microarray and informatic analysis. We now report that all of the 135 humans studied, irrespective of health or autoimmune disease, manifested relatively high amounts of IgG antibodies binding to the 20-mer G oligonucleotide (G20); no participants entirely lacked this reactivity. IgG antibodies to homo-nucleotides A20, C20 or T20 were present only in the sera of SLE patients who were positive for antibodies to dsDNA. The prevalence of anti-G20 antibodies led us to survey human, mouse and Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) genomes for runs of T20 and G20 or more: runs of T20 appear > 170,000 times compared with only 93 runs of G20 or more in the human genome; of these runs, 40 were close to brain-associated genes. Mouse and fruit fly genomes showed significantly lower T20/G20 ratios than did human genomes. Moreover, sera from both healthy and SLE mice contained relatively little or no anti-G20 antibodies; so natural anti-G20 antibodies appear to be characteristic of humans. These unexpected observations invite investigation of the immune functions of anti-G20 antibodies in human health and disease and of runs of G20 in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittai Fattal
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Nephrology, Rabin Medical Centre, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noam Shental
- Department of Computer Science, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Molad
- The Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Istituto di, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari- Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisheva Pokroy-Shapira
- The Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirly Oren
- The Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Livneh
- Department of Medicine F, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Pnina Langevitz
- The Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Margalit
- Science in Action Ltd, Weizmann Science Park, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Uzi Gafter
- Department of Nephrology, Rabin Medical Centre, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eytan Domany
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Anti-alpha-actinin antibodies are part of the anti-cell membrane antibody spectrum that characterize patients with lupus nephritis. J Autoimmun 2015; 61:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bell K, Wilding C, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Protective effect of 14-3-3 antibodies on stressed neuroretinal cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:64. [PMID: 26115916 PMCID: PMC4482181 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrate changes of autoantibody concentrations against retinal and optic nerve head antigens in the serum of glaucoma patients in comparison to healthy persons. These antibodies belong to the natural autoimmunity. Previous studies showed up regulated, but also significantly down-regulated autoantibody levels. These antibodies have the ability to influence protein profiles of neuroretinal cells and possibly hold neuroprotective potential, as we have been able to demonstrate before. Aim of this study was to analyse the serum and antibody effect of glaucoma patients on neuroretinal cells in more detail and also determine the impact of antibodies found down-regulated in glaucoma patients on the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disease glaucoma. Methods Neuroretinal cells (RGC-5) were incubated with serum either from glaucoma patients or healthy controls for 24 h. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed after cell lysis. Furthermore the neuroretinal cells were preincubated with different and concentrations of 14-3-3 antibodies (0.005, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/ml) and then stressed with H2O2, staurosporine or glutamate. Viability tests were performed with crystal violet and ROS tests with DCFH-DA. Antibody location in the cell after antibody incubation was performed with immunoccytochemical methods. Additionally mass spectrometric analysis was performed with the cells after antibody incubation. Results Protein expression analysis with Maldi-Orbitrap MS showed changes in the expression level of regulatory proteins in cells incubated with glaucoma serum, e.g. an up-regulation of 14-3-3 and a down-regulation of Calmodulin. After preincubation of the cells with anti-14-3-3 antibody and stressing the cells, we detected an increase in viability of up to 22 % and a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) of up to 31 %. Proteomic 1 analysis involvement of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in this protective effect and immunohistochemical analysis showed an antibody uptake in the cells. Conclusion We found significant effects of serum antibodies on proteins of neuroretinal cells especially of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Furthermore we detected a protective potential of antibodies down-regulated in glaucoma patients. The changed autoantibodies belong to the natural autoimmunity. We conclude that changes in the natural autoimmunity of patients with glaucoma can negatively impact regulatory functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-015-0044-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bell
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Corina Wilding
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Valdez-Morales FJ, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Vital-Reyes VS, Cruz JCH, Chimal-Monroy J, Franco-Murillo Y, Cerbón M. Changes in receptivity epithelial cell markers of endometrium after ovarian stimulation treatments: its role during implantation window. Reprod Health 2015; 12:45. [PMID: 25981399 PMCID: PMC4443517 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-015-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the expression of receptivity markers in epithelial and stromal cells in the endometrium of ovulatory women and infertile with hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction (HPD), untreated or treated with clomiphene citrate (CC), or with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH). Methods Twelve control ovulatory and 32 anovulatory women, 22 of whom received ovulation induction with CC (n = 12) or rFSH (n = 10). Endometrial biopsies were obtained during the mid-secretory phase. Hormonal secretion was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, endometrial dating and cellular expression and distribution of receptivity proteins were evaluated by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Results CC or rFSH treatments, modified the expression of epithelial receptivity markers, such as Glycodelin A, beta-catenin, CD166/ALCAM and IGF-1R, but not in stromal markers. Also, a change in their cell distribution was observed. Conclusions Treatment of infertile women with HPD modified the expression and distribution of receptivity markers in the mid-secretory phase of the endometrium in epithelial but not stromal cells, which can help to explain changes in the receptivity of the endometrium during treatments and suggest an important role of these cells in the receptivity window. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12978-015-0034-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Valdez-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Victor S Vital-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia # 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Juan C Hinojosa Cruz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia # 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México, D.F., Mexico. .,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Yanira Franco-Murillo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
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Chatterjee S, Fujiwara K, Pérez NG, Ushio-Fukai M, Fisher AB. Mechanosignaling in the vasculature: emerging concepts in sensing, transduction and physiological responses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1451-62. [PMID: 25862828 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00105.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to mechanical forces that play a role in modulating cellular structure and function. The cardiovascular system experiences physical forces in the form of shear stress and stretch associated with blood flow and contraction, respectively. These forces are sensed by endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and lead to responses that control vascular and cardiac homeostasis. This was highlighted at the Pan American Physiological Society meeting at Iguassu Falls, Brazil, in a symposium titled "Mechanosignaling in the Vasculature." This symposium presented recent research that showed the existence of a vital link between mechanosensing and downstream redox sensitive signaling cascades. This link helps to transduce and transmit the physical force into an observable physiological response. The speakers showcased how mechanosensors such as ion channels, membrane receptor kinases, adhesion molecules, and other cellular components transduce the force via redox signals (such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide) to receptors (transcription factors, growth factors, etc.). Receptor activated pathways then lead to cellular responses including cellular proliferation, contraction, and remodeling. These responses have major relevance to the physiology and pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases. Thus an understanding of the complex series of events, from the initial sensing through the final response, is essential for progress in this field. Overall, this symposium addressed some important emerging concepts in the field of mechanosignaling and the eventual pathophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Néstor Gustavo Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; and
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Li Y, Zhao YJ, Zou QY, Zhang K, Wu YM, Zhou C, Wang K, Zheng J. Preeclampsia does not alter vascular growth and expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial cadherin in human placentas. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:22-31. [PMID: 25362142 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414558063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is characterized by maternal endothelial dysfunction (e.g., increased maternal vascular permeability caused by the disassembly of endothelial junction proteins). However, it is unclear if preeclampsia is associated with impaired vascular growth and expression of endothelial junction proteins in human placentas. Herein, we examined vascular growth in placentas from women with normal term (NT) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies using two endothelial junction proteins as endothelial markers: CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-Cad). We also compared protein and mRNA expression of CD31 and VE-Cad between NT and PE placentas, and determined the alternatively spliced expression of CD31 using PCR. We found that CD31 and VE-Cad were immunolocalized predominantly in villous endothelial cells. However, capillary number density (total capillary number per unit villous area) and capillary area density (total capillary lumen area per unit villous area) as well as CD31 and VE-Cad protein and mRNA levels were similar between NT and PE placentas. PCR in combination with sequence analysis revealed a single, full-length CD31, suggesting that there are no alternatively spliced isoform of CD31 expressed in placentas. These data indicate that preeclampsia does not significantly affect vascular growth or the expression of endothelial junction proteins in human placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (YL, YJZ, QYZ, CZ, JZ)
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (YL, YJZ, QYZ, CZ, JZ),Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China (YJZ)
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (YL, YJZ, QYZ, CZ, JZ)
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (KZ)
| | - Yan-Ming Wu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (YMW, KW)
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (YL, YJZ, QYZ, CZ, JZ)
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (YMW, KW)
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (YL, YJZ, QYZ, CZ, JZ),Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P.R. China (JZ)
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Soluble platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, a biomarker of ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care 2014; 18:R41. [PMID: 24588994 PMCID: PMC4057495 DOI: 10.1186/cc13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial cell injury is an important component of acute lung injury. Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) is a transmembrane protein that connects endothelial cells to one another and can be detected as a soluble, truncated protein (sPECAM1) in serum. We hypothesized that injurious mechanical ventilation (MV) leads to shedding of PECAM1 from lung endothelial cells resulting in increasing sPECAM1 levels in the systemic circulation. Methods We studied 36 Sprague–Dawley rats in two prospective, randomized, controlled studies (healthy and septic) using established animal models of ventilator-induced lung injury. Animals (n = 6 in each group) were randomized to spontaneous breathing or two MV strategies: low tidal volume (VT) (6 ml/kg) and high-VT (20 ml/kg) on 2 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). In low-VT septic animals, 10 cmH2O of PEEP was applied. We performed pulmonary histological and physiological evaluation and measured lung PECAM1 protein content and serum sPECAM1 levels after four hours ventilation period. Results High-VT MV caused severe lung injury in healthy and septic animals, and decreased lung PECAM1 protein content (P < 0.001). Animals on high-VT had a four- to six-fold increase of mean sPECAM1 serum levels than the unventilated counterpart (35.4 ± 10.4 versus 5.6 ± 1.7 ng/ml in healthy rats; 156.8 ± 47.6 versus 35.6 ± 12.6 ng/ml in septic rats) (P < 0.0001). Low-VT MV prevented these changes. Levels of sPECAM1 in healthy animals on high-VT MV paralleled the sPECAM1 levels of non-ventilated septic animals. Conclusions Our findings suggest that circulating sPECAM1 may represent a promising biomarker for the detection and monitoring of ventilator-induced lung injury.
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Wilding C, Bell K, Beck S, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. γ-Synuclein antibodies have neuroprotective potential on neuroretinal cells via proteins of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90737. [PMID: 24595072 PMCID: PMC3940944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of synuclein proteins (α, β and γ) are related to neurodegenerative disease e.g. Parkinson disease and Morbus Alzheimer. Additionally, a connection between γ-synuclein and glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, which finally leads to blindness, exists. The reason for the development of glaucoma is still unknown. Recent studies evaluating the participation of immunological components, demonstrate complex changed antibody reactivities in glaucoma patients in comparison to healthy people, showing not only up-regulations (e.g. alpha-fodrin antibody) but also down-regulations (e.g. γ-synuclein antibody) of antibodies in glaucoma patients. Up-regulated antibodies could be auto-aggressive, but the role of down-regulated antibodies is still unclear. Previous studies show a significant influence of the serum and the antibodies of glaucoma patients on protein expression profiles of neuroretinal cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of γ-synuclein antibody on the viability and reactive oxygen species levels of a neuroretinal cell line (RGC-5) as well as their interaction with cellular proteins. We found a protective effect of γ-synuclein antibody resulting in an increased viability (up to 15%) and decreased reactive oxygen species levels (up to −12%) of glutamate and oxidative stressed RGC-5. These can be traced back to anti-apoptotic altered protein expressions in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway indicated by mass spectrometry and validated by microarray analysis such as active caspase 3, bcl-2 associated-x-protein, S100A4, voltage-dependent anion channel, extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (down-regulated) and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6, phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (up-regulated). These changed protein expression are triggered by the γ-synuclein antibody internalization of RGC-5 we could see in immunohistochemical stainings. These findings let us assume a novel physiological function of γ-synuclein antibodies and give insights in the role of autoantibodies in glaucoma. We hypothesize that the down-regulation of autoantibodies found in glaucoma patients lead to a loss of protective autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Wilding
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Bell
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Beck
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Privratsky JR, Newman PJ. PECAM-1: regulator of endothelial junctional integrity. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:607-19. [PMID: 24435645 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PECAM-1 (also known as CD31) is a cellular adhesion and signaling receptor comprising six extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like homology domains, a short transmembrane domain and a 118 amino acid cytoplasmic domain that becomes serine and tyrosine phosphorylated upon cellular activation. PECAM-1 expression is restricted to blood and vascular cells. In circulating platelets and leukocytes, PECAM-1 functions largely as an inhibitory receptor that, via regulated sequential phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, limits cellular activation responses. PECAM-1 is also highly expressed at endothelial cell intercellular junctions, where it functions as a mechanosensor, as a regulator of leukocyte trafficking and in the maintenance of endothelial cell junctional integrity. In this review, we will describe (1) the functional domains of PECAM-1 and how they contribute to its barrier-enhancing properties, (2) how the physical properties of PECAM-1 influence its subcellular localization and its ability to influence endothelial cell barrier function, (3) various stimuli that initiate PECAM-1 signaling and/or function at the endothelial junction and (4) cross-talk of PECAM-1 with other junctional molecules, which can influence endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Privratsky
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 2178, 638N. 18th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
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44
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Antiphospholipid antibodies internalised by human syncytiotrophoblast cause aberrant cell death and the release of necrotic trophoblast debris. J Autoimmun 2013; 47:45-57. [PMID: 24035196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are the strongest maternal risk factor for pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive disease of human pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is triggered by a toxic factor released from the placenta that activates the maternal endothelium. Antiphospholipid antibodies cause the release of necrotic trophoblast debris from the placental syncytiotrophoblast and this debris can activate endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated how aPL affects syncytiotrophoblast death and production of necrotic trophoblast debris by examining the interaction between aPL and human first trimester placental explants. Human polyclonal and murine monoclonal aPL, but not control antibodies, were rapidly internalised by the syncytiotrophoblast. Inhibitors of endocytosis or the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, but not toll-like receptors, decreased the internalisation of aPL and prevented the release of necrotic trophoblast debris from the syncytiotrophoblast. Once internalised, aPL increased inner mitochondrial membrane leak and Cytochrome c release while depressing oxidative flux through Complex IV of the electron transport system in syncytiotrophoblast mitochondria. These data suggest that the human syncytiotrophoblast internalises aPL by antigen-dependent endocytosis involving LDLR family members. Once internalised by the syncytiotrophoblast, aPL affects the death-regulating mitochondria, causing extrusion of necrotic trophoblast debris which can activate maternal endothelial cells thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
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Giles BM, Boackle SA. Linking complement and anti-dsDNA antibodies in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Res 2013; 55:10-21. [PMID: 22941560 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems resulting in diverse symptoms and outcomes. It is characterized by antibody production to a variety of self-antigens, but it is specifically associated with those against anti-dsDNA. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are present before the onset of clinical disease and are associated with severe manifestations of lupus such as glomerulonephritis. Their levels fluctuate with changes in disease activity and, in combination with the levels of complement proteins C3 and C4, are strong indicators of disease flare and treatment response in patients with lupus. The decreased complement levels that are noted during flares of lupus activity are believed to be secondary to increased autoantibody production and immune complex formation that results in tissue damage; however, recent data suggest that complement activation can also drive development of these pathogenic autoantibodies. This review will explore the various roles of complement in the development and pathogenesis of anti-dsDNA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Bell K, Gramlich OW, Von Thun Und Hohenstein-Blaul N, Beck S, Funke S, Wilding C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Does autoimmunity play a part in the pathogenesis of glaucoma? Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 36:199-216. [PMID: 23541978 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and one of the leading causes of blindness. Several risk factors have been described, e.g. an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, alterations in serum antibody profiles of glaucoma patients, upregulation (e.g. anti-HSP60, anti-MBP) and downregulation (e.g. anti-14-3-3), have been described, but it still remains elusive if the autoantibodies seen in glaucoma are an epiphenomenon or causative. However, it is known that elicited autoimmunity causes retinal ganglion cell loss resulting in glaucomatous-like damage and according to the autoaggressive nature of some autoantibodies we found antibody deposits in human glaucomatous retinae in a pro-inflammatory environment. Furthermore, glaucomatous serum has the potential to influence neuroretinal cell regulatory processes. Importantly, we demonstrate that some autoantibodies hold neuroprotective potential for neuroretinal cells. The protective nature of autoantibodies and the molecular mechanisms underlying the very sensitive equilibrium between autoaggression and protection remain subject of future examinations and offer promising target sites for new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, the changes in antibody profiles could be used as highly sensitive and specific marker for diagnostics purposes. Early diagnosis and intervention in risk patients would offer the chance of early treatment and to slow down the progression of glaucoma and delay the resulting blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bell
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutewnberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Koskela U, Kuusisto S, Nissinen A, Savolainen M, Liinamaa M. High Vitreous Concentration of IL-6 and IL-8, but Not of Adhesion Molecules in Relation to Plasma Concentrations in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 49:108-14. [DOI: 10.1159/000342977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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A Novel Method for Real-Time, Continuous, Fluorescence-Based Analysis of Anti-DNA Abzyme Activity in Systemic Lupus. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:814048. [PMID: 23251791 PMCID: PMC3521466 DOI: 10.1155/2012/814048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies against a variety of self-antigens including nucleic acids. These antibodies are cytotoxic, catalytic (hydrolyzing DNA, RNA, and protein), and nephritogenic. Current methods for investigating catalytic activities of natural abzymes produced by individuals suffering from autoimmunity are mostly discontinuous and often employ hazardous reagents. Here we demonstrate the utility of dual-labeled, fluorogenic DNA hydrolysis probes in highly specific, sensitive, continuous, fluorescence-based measurement of DNA hydrolytic activity of anti-ssDNA abzymes purified from the serum of patients suffering from SLE. An assay for the presence and levels of antibodies exhibiting hydrolytic activity could facilitate disease diagnosis, prediction of flares, monitoring of disease state, and response to therapy. The assay may allow indirect identification of additional targets of anti-DNA antibodies and the discovery of molecules that inhibit their activity. Combined, these approaches may provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of lupus pathogenesis.
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Pham CD, Woo MY, Kim YS, Park S, Kwon MH. An anti-nucleic acid antibody delivers antigen to the cross-presentation pathway in dendritic cells and potentiates therapeutic antitumor effects. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5755-63. [PMID: 23152565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is important for initiating CTL responses against tumors. Delivery of exogenous Ags to the cross-presentation pathway in dendritic cells (DCs), using a number of different carriers, has been attempted to further understand the mechanisms underlying cross-presentation and to develop therapeutic tumor vaccines. The present study reports a new antigenic carrier molecule: a single-chain V region fragment (scFv) of a nucleic acid-hydrolyzing Ab, 3D8. A fusion protein comprising 3D8 scFv and the CTL epitope OVA(250-264) (chicken OVA aa 250-264) was internalized by DC2.4 DCs and processed via a proteasome-dependent, brefeldin- and cycloheximide-sensitive, chloroquine- and primaquine-insensitive pathway, resulting in loading of the CTL epitope onto H-2K(b). In vivo cross-presentation and cross-priming were efficient, even without adjuvant; injection of mice with 3D8 scFv-OVA(250-264) induced cross-presentation of the CTL epitope by draining lymph node CD11c(+) B7.1(+) MHC class II(high) DCs, elicited a CTL response, and suppressed the growth of tumors expressing the OVA epitope. This report shows that an anti-nucleic acid Ab is used to deliver exogenous Ag to the cross-presentation pathway and inhibit in vivo tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuong D Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
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Diaz PS, Solar PA, Juica NE, Orihuela PA, Cardenas H, Christodoulides M, Vargas R, Velasquez LA. Differential expression of extracellular matrix components in the Fallopian tubes throughout the menstrual cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:56. [PMID: 22897899 PMCID: PMC3489778 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the unique characteristics of the female genital tract is the extensive tissue remodeling observed throughout the menstrual cycle. Multiple components of the extracellular matrix take part in this tissue rebuilding; however, the individual components involved have not been identified. METHODS In the present study, the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and selected matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities in Fallopian tubes (FT) throughout the menstrual cycle were examined by PCR array, immunocytochemistry, zymography and bioinformatics. RESULTS Of the eighty-four genes analyzed, eighty-three were expressed in the FT during at least one stage of the menstrual cycle. We observed a significant increase (>/=2-fold) in ADAMTS1, ADAMTS13, COL7A1, MMP3, MMP9, PECAM1, and THBS3 in the periovulatory phase compared to the follicular phase. Meanwhile, we observed a significant decrease (>/= 2-fold) in COL7A1, ICAM1, ITGA8, MMP16, MMP9, CLEC3B, SELE and TIMP2 in the lutheal phase compared to the periovulatory phase. Immunocytochemistry showed that MMP-3 and MMP-9 were localized in the endosalpinx during all phases of the menstrual cycle. Gelatin zymograms detected non-cycle-dependent protease activity. CONCLUSIONS Several extracellular matrix components were regulated throughout the menstrual cycle in a cyclic pattern, suggesting a possible steroid regulation and a role in tissue remodeling and FT functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Diaz
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula A Solar
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Center for integrative medicine and innovative sciences (CIMIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia E Juica
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Center for integrative medicine and innovative sciences (CIMIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Orihuela
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Cardenas
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England, UK
| | - Renato Vargas
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital San José, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Velasquez
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Center for integrative medicine and innovative sciences (CIMIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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