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Liu X, Zhao A, Xiao S, Li H, Li M, Guo W, Han Q. PD-1: A critical player and target for immune normalization. Immunology 2024; 172:181-197. [PMID: 38269617 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system imbalances contribute to the pathogenesis of several different diseases, and immunotherapy shows great therapeutic efficacy against tumours and infectious diseases with immune-mediated derivations. In recent years, molecules targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint have attracted much attention, and related signalling pathways have been studied clearly. At present, several inhibitors and antibodies targeting PD-1 have been utilized as anti-tumour therapies. However, increasing evidence indicates that PD-1 blockade also has different degrees of adverse side effects, and these new explorations into the therapeutic safety of PD-1 inhibitors contribute to the emerging concept that immune normalization, rather than immune enhancement, is the ultimate goal of disease treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in PD-1 research with regard to immune normalization and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Alison Zhao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Su Xiao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- People's Hospital of Zhoucun, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Haohao Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menghua Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Ye H, Zou X, Fang X. Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis: An anesthesia outlook. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01057. [PMID: 38708689 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis poses a health challenge globally owing to markedly high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite employing bundle therapy over two decades, approaches including transient organ supportive therapy and clinical trials focusing on signaling pathways have failed in effectively reversing multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis. Prompt and appropriate perioperative management for surgical patients with concurrent sepsis is urgent. Consequently, innovative therapies focused on remedying organ injuries are necessitated. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for repairing local damage to vital organs and restoring homeostasis during perioperative treatment for sepsis. Given the pivotal role of immune cell responses in the pathogenesis of sepsis, stem cell-based interventions that primarily modulate immune responses by interacting with multiple immune cells have progressed into clinical trials. The strides made in single-cell sequencing and gene-editing technologies have advanced the understanding of disease-specific immune responses in sepsis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell therapy offers an intriguing option for the treatment of sepsis. This review provides a concise overview of immune cell therapy, its current status, and the strides made in the context of sepsis research, discussing potential strategies for the management of patients with sepsis during perioperative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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3
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Hajam IA, Liu GY. Linking S. aureus Immune Evasion Mechanisms to Staphylococcal Vaccine Failures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38786139 PMCID: PMC11117348 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination arguably remains the only long-term strategy to limit the spread of S. aureus infections and its related antibiotic resistance. To date, however, all staphylococcal vaccines tested in clinical trials have failed. In this review, we propose that the failure of S. aureus vaccines is intricately linked to prior host exposure to S. aureus and the pathogen's capacity to evade adaptive immune defenses. We suggest that non-protective immune imprints created by previous exposure to S. aureus are preferentially recalled by SA vaccines, and IL-10 induced by S. aureus plays a unique role in shaping these non-protective anti-staphylococcal immune responses. We discuss how S. aureus modifies the host immune landscape, which thereby necessitates alternative approaches to develop successful staphylococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmed Hajam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - George Y. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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4
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Yang B, Shu W, Hu J, Wang Z, Wu J, Su J, Tan J, Yu B, Zhang X. Aberrant Expression of SLC7A11 Impairs the Antimicrobial Activities of Macrophages in Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis in Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2555-2575. [PMID: 38725861 PMCID: PMC11077379 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) persistence in macrophages, potentially a reservoir for recurrence of chronic osteomyelitis, contributes to resistance and failure in treatment. As the mechanisms underlying survival of S. aureus in macrophages remain largely unknown, there has been no treatment approved. Here, in a mouse model of S. aureus osteomyelitis, we identified significantly up-regulated expression of SLC7A11 in both transcriptomes and translatomes of CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages, and validated a predominant distribution of SLC7A11 in F4/80+ cells around the S. aureus abscess. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockout of SLC7A11 promoted the bactericidal function of macrophages, reduced bacterial burden in the bone and improved bone structure in mice with S. aureus osteomyelitis. Mechanistically, aberrantly expressed SLC7A11 down-regulated the level of intracellular ROS and reduced lipid peroxidation, contributing to the impaired bactericidal function of macrophages. Interestingly, blocking SLC7A11 further activated expression of PD-L1 via the ROS-NF-κB axis, and a combination therapy of targeting both SLC7A11 and PD-L1 significantly enhanced the efficacy of clearing S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that targeting both SLC7A11 and PD-L1 is a promising therapeutic approach to reprogram the bactericidal function of macrophages and promote bacterial clearance in S. aureus osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Yang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongwen Wang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianwen Su
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianye Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Cavazza A, Triantafyllou E, Savoldelli R, Mujib S, Jerome E, Trovato FM, Artru F, Sheth R, Huang XH, Ma Y, Dazzi F, Pirani T, Antoniades CG, Lee WM, McPhail MJ, Karvellas CJ. Macrophage activation markers are associated with infection and mortality in patients with acute liver failure. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 38588014 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute liver failure is a multisystem disorder with a high mortality and frequent need for emergency liver transplantation. Following massive innate immune system activation, soluble markers of macrophage activation are released during liver damage and their association with disease severity and prognosis requires exploration. METHODS Patients ALF from the United States Acute Liver Failure Study Group (USALFSG, n = 224) and King's College Hospital (n = 40) together with healthy controls (HC, n = 50) were recruited. Serum from early (Days 1-3) and late (>Day 3) time points were analysed for MAMs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay correlated to markers of illness severity and 21-day spontaneous survival. Surface expression phenotyping was performed via Flow Cytometry on CD14+ monocytes. RESULTS All MAMs serum concentrations were significantly higher in ALF compared to controls (p < .0001). sCD206 concentration was higher in early and late stages of the disease in patients with bacteraemia (p = .002) and infection in general (p = .006). In MELD-adjusted multivariate modelling, sCD206 and sCD163 were independently associated with mortality. CD14+ monocyte expression of CD206 (p < .001) was higher in patients with ALF compared with controls and correlated with SOFA score (p = .018). sCD206 was independently validated as a predictor of infection in an external cohort. CONCLUSIONS sCD206 is increased in serum of ALF patients with infections and poor outcome and is upregulated on CD14+ monocytes. Later measurements of sCD163 and sCD206 during the evolution of ALF have potential as mechanistic predictors of mortality. sCD206 should be explored as a biomarker of sepsis and mortality in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cavazza
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Savoldelli
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Salma Mujib
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ellen Jerome
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francesca M Trovato
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Florent Artru
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roosey Sheth
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xiao Hong Huang
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tasneem Pirani
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charalambos G Antoniades
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - William M Lee
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark J McPhail
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Inflammation and Microbial Science, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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6
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Gudd CLC, Mitchell E, Atkinson SR, Mawhin MA, Turajlic S, Larkin J, Thursz MR, Goldin RD, Powell N, Antoniades CG, Woollard KJ, Possamai LA, Triantafyllou E. Therapeutic inhibition of monocyte recruitment prevents checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008078. [PMID: 38580334 PMCID: PMC11002390 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis (CPI-hepatitis) is an emerging problem with the widening use of CPIs in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we developed a mouse model to characterize the mechanism of CPI-hepatitis and to therapeutically target key pathways driving this pathology. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were dosed with toll-like receptor (TLR)9 agonist (TLR9-L) for hepatic priming combined with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plus anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) ("CPI") or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control for up to 7 days. Flow cytometry, histology/immunofluorescence and messenger RNA sequencing were used to characterize liver myeloid/lymphoid subsets and inflammation. Hepatocyte damage was assessed by plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) measurements. In vivo investigations of CPI-hepatitis were carried out in Rag2-/- and Ccr2rfp/rfp transgenic mice, as well as following anti-CD4, anti-CD8 or cenicriviroc (CVC; CCR2/CCR5 antagonist) treatment. RESULTS Co-administration of combination CPIs with TLR9-L induced liver pathology closely resembling human disease, with increased infiltration and clustering of granzyme B+perforin+CD8+ T cells and CCR2+ monocytes, 7 days post treatment. This was accompanied by apoptotic hepatocytes surrounding these clusters and elevated ALT and CK-18 plasma levels. Liver RNA sequencing identified key signaling pathways (JAK-STAT, NF-ΚB) and cytokine/chemokine networks (Ifnγ, Cxcl9, Ccl2/Ccr2) as drivers of CPI-hepatitis. Using this model, we show that CD8+ T cells mediate hepatocyte damage in experimental CPI-hepatitis. However, their liver recruitment, clustering, and cytotoxic activity is dependent on the presence of CCR2+ monocytes. The absence of hepatic monocyte recruitment in Ccr2rfp/rfp mice and CCR2 inhibition by CVC treatment in WT mice was able to prevent the development and reverse established experimental CPI-hepatitis. CONCLUSION This newly established mouse model provides a platform for in vivo mechanistic studies of CPI-hepatitis. Using this model, we demonstrate the central role of liver infiltrating CCR2+ monocyte interaction with tissue-destructive CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of CPI-hepatitis and highlight CCR2 inhibition as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin L C Gudd
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eoin Mitchell
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Atkinson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie-Anne Mawhin
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Powell
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin J Woollard
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Chen L, Shao Z, Zhang Z, Teng W, Mou H, Jin X, Wei S, Wang Z, Eloy Y, Zhang W, Zhou H, Yao M, Zhao S, Chai X, Wang F, Xu K, Xu J, Ye Z. An On-Demand Collaborative Innate-Adaptive Immune Response to Infection Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304774. [PMID: 37523329 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep tissue infection is a common clinical issue and therapeutic difficulty caused by the disruption of the host antibacterial immune function, resulting in treatment failure and infection relapse. Intracellular pathogens are refractory to elimination and can manipulate host cell biology even after appropriate treatment, resulting in a locoregional immunosuppressive state that leads to an inadequate response to conventional anti-infective therapies. Here, a novel antibacterial strategy involving autogenous immunity using a biomimetic nanoparticle (NP)-based regulating system is reported to induce in situ collaborative innate-adaptive immune responses. It is observed that a macrophage membrane coating facilitates NP enrichment at the infection site, followed by active NP accumulation in macrophages in a mannose-dependent manner. These NP-armed macrophages exhibit considerably improved innate capabilities, including more efficient intracellular ROS generation and pro-inflammatory factor secretion, M1 phenotype promotion, and effective eradication of invasive bacteria. Furthermore, the reprogrammed macrophages direct T cell activation at infectious sites, resulting in a robust adaptive antimicrobial immune response to ultimately achieve bacterial clearance and prevent infection relapse. Overall, these results provide a conceptual framework for a novel macrophage-based strategy for infection treatment via the regulation of autogenous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wangsiyuan Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Shenyu Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Yinwang Eloy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Minjun Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Shenzhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xupeng Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310000, P. R. China
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8
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Ming H, He Y, Xu HM. [Advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acute liver failure]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:194-200. [PMID: 38436319 PMCID: PMC10921869 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2309015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a rare and rapidly progressive clinical syndrome with a poor prognosis and significant mortality. The etiology of PALF is complex, and it presents with diverse and atypical clinical manifestations. Accurate diagnosis based on age-related factors, early recognition or prevention of hepatic encephalopathy, and precise supportive treatment targeting the underlying cause are crucial for improving outcomes and prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the diagnosis and treatment of PALF, aiming to offer guidance for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China (Xu H-M, xuhongm0095@sina. com)
| | - Yi He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China (Xu H-M, xuhongm0095@sina. com)
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China (Xu H-M, xuhongm0095@sina. com)
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9
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Chen Y, Guo DZ, Zhu CL, Ren SC, Sun CY, Wang Y, Wang JF. The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323797. [PMID: 38193090 PMCID: PMC10773890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-zhi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-chun Ren
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Li X, Lao R, Lei J, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Wang T, Tong Y. Natural Products for Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7901. [PMID: 38067630 PMCID: PMC10708418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a vital role in metabolism, synthesis, and detoxification, but it is susceptible to damage from various factors such as viral infections, drug reactions, excessive alcohol consumption, and autoimmune diseases. This susceptibility is particularly problematic for patients requiring medication, as drug-induced liver injury often leads to underestimation, misdiagnosis, and difficulties in treatment. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used and safe drug in therapeutic doses but can cause liver toxicity when taken in excessive amounts. This study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of APAP and explore potential treatment strategies using a mouse model of APAP-induced liver injury. The study involved the evaluation of various natural products for their therapeutic potential. The findings revealed that natural products demonstrated promising hepatoprotective effects, potentially alleviating liver damage and improving liver function through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation, which cause changes in signaling pathways. These results underscore the importance of exploring novel treatment options for drug-induced liver injury, suggesting that further research in this area could lead to the development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions, ultimately benefiting patients with liver injury caused by medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyangzi Li
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruyang Lao
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiawei Lei
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116000, China;
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yingpeng Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
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11
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Li ZC, Xu FF, Fu JT, Ouyang SX, Cao Q, Yan YY, Li DJ, Shen FM, Ni M. Sting mutation attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by limiting NLRP3 activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111133. [PMID: 38149573 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP), a widely used effective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, leads to acute liver injury at overdose worldwide. Evidence showed that the severity of liver injury associated with the subsequent involvement of inflammatory mediators and immune cells. The innate immune stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) pathway was critical in modulating inflammation. Here, we show that STING was activated and inflammation was enhanced in the liver in APAP-overdosed C57BL/6J mice, and Sting mutation (Stinggt/gt) mice exhibited less liver damage. Multiplexing flow cytometry displayed that Sting mutation changed hepatic recruitment and replacement of macrophages/monocytes in APAP-overdosed mice, which was inclined to anti-inflammation. In addition, Sting mutation limited NLRP3 activation in the liver in APAP-overdosed mice, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, MCC950, a potent and selective NLRP3 inhibitor, significantly ameliorated APAP-induced liver injury and inflammation. Besides, pretreatment of MCC950 in C57 mice resulted in changes of immune cells infiltration in the liver similar to Stinggt/gt mice. Our study revealed that STING played a crucial role in APAP-induced acute liver injury, possibly by maintaining liver immune cells homeostasis and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that inhibiting STING-NLRP3 pathway might be a potential therapeutic strategy for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Xi Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ying Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Roth K, Strickland J, Pant A, Freeborn R, Kennedy R, Rockwell CE, Luyendyk JP, Copple BL. Interleukin-10 disrupts liver repair in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303921. [PMID: 38094302 PMCID: PMC10716295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) are highest in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) patients with the poorest prognosis. The mechanistic basis for this counterintuitive finding is not known, as induction of IL-10 is hypothesized to temper the pathological effects of immune cell activation. Aberrant production of IL-10 after severe liver injury could conceivably interfere with the beneficial, pro-reparative actions of immune cells, such as monocytes. Methods To test this possibility, we determined whether IL-10 levels are dysregulated in mice with APAP-induced ALF and further evaluated whether aberrant production of IL-10 prevents monocyte recruitment and/or the resolution of necrotic lesions by these cells. Results Our studies demonstrate that in mice challenged with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP), a hepatotoxic dose of APAP that fails to produce ALF (i.e., APAP-induced acute liver injury; AALI), Ly6Chi monocytes were recruited to the liver and infiltrated the necrotic lesions by 48 hours coincident with the clearance of dead cell debris. At 72 hours, IL-10 was upregulated, culminating in the resolution of hepatic inflammation. By contrast, in mice treated with 600 mg/kg APAP, a dose that produces clinical features of ALF (i.e., APAP-induced ALF; AALF), IL-10 levels were markedly elevated by 24 hours. Early induction of IL-10 was associated with a reduction in the hepatic numbers of Ly6Chi monocytes resulting in the persistence of dead cell debris. Inhibition of IL-10 in AALF mice, beginning at 24 hours after APAP treatment, increased the hepatic numbers of monocytes which coincided with a reduction in the necrotic area. Moreover, pharmacologic elevation of systemic IL-10 levels in AALI mice reduced hepatic myeloid cell numbers and increased the area of necrosis. Discussion Collectively, these results indicate that during ALF, aberrant production of IL-10 disrupts the hepatic recruitment of monocytes, which prevents the clearance of dead cell debris. These are the first studies to document a mechanistic basis for the link between high IL-10 levels and poor outcome in patients with ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jenna Strickland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Asmita Pant
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Robert Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rebekah Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl E. Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bryan L. Copple
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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13
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Gudd CLC, Sheth R, Thursz MR, Triantafyllou E, Possamai LA. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Liver Injury. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:402-417. [PMID: 38101418 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years cancer treatment has been revolutionized by the development and wide application of checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) drugs, which are a form of immunotherapy. CPI treatment is associated with immune-related adverse events, off-target tissue destructive inflammatory complications, which may affect a range of organs, with liver inflammation (hepatitis) being one of the more commonly noted events. This is a novel form of drug-induced liver injury and a rapidly evolving field, as our understanding of both the basic immunopathology of CPI hepatitis (CPI-H) and optimal clinical management, races to catch up with the increasing application of this form of immunotherapy in clinical practice. In this review, we summarize current evidence and understanding of CPI-H, from fundamental immunology to practical patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin L C Gudd
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roosey Sheth
- Institute of Liver Studies, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Liver and Antiviral Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Liver and Antiviral Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Mellergaard M, Skovbakke SL, Jepsen SD, Panagiotopoulou N, Hansen ABR, Tian W, Lund A, Høgh RI, Møller SH, Guérillot R, Hayes AS, Erikstrup LT, Andresen L, Peleg AY, Larsen AR, Stinear TP, Handberg A, Erikstrup C, Howden BP, Goletz S, Frees D, Skov S. Clinical Staphylococcus aureus inhibits human T-cell activity through interaction with the PD-1 receptor. mBio 2023; 14:e0134923. [PMID: 37796131 PMCID: PMC10653905 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01349-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Therapies that target and aid the host immune defense to repel cancer cells or invading pathogens are rapidly emerging. Antibiotic resistance is among the largest threats to human health globally. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common bacterial infection, and it poses a challenge to the healthcare system due to its significant ability to develop resistance toward current available therapies. In long-term infections, S. aureus further adapt to avoid clearance by the host immune defense. In this study, we discover a new interaction that allows S. aureus to avoid elimination by the immune system, which likely supports its persistence in the host. Moreover, we find that blocking the specific receptor (PD-1) using antibodies significantly relieves the S. aureus-imposed inhibition. Our findings suggest that therapeutically targeting PD-1 is a possible future strategy for treating certain antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Line Skovbakke
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stine Dam Jepsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nafsika Panagiotopoulou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie Bøge Rud Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Astrid Lund
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Illum Høgh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Hedlund Møller
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S. Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lars Andresen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Statens Serum Institute, Microbiology and Infection Control, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, North Denmark Region, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dorte Frees
- Food Safety and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Stravitz RT, Fontana RJ, Karvellas C, Durkalski V, McGuire B, Rule JA, Tujios S, Lee WM. Future directions in acute liver failure. Hepatology 2023; 78:1266-1289. [PMID: 37183883 PMCID: PMC10521792 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) describes a clinical syndrome of rapid hepatocyte injury leading to liver failure manifested by coagulopathy and encephalopathy in the absence of pre-existing cirrhosis. The hallmark diagnostic features are a prolonged prothrombin time (ie, an international normalized ratio of prothrombin time of ≥1.5) and any degree of mental status alteration (HE). As a rare, orphan disease, it seemed an obvious target for a multicenter network. The Acute Liver Failure Study Group (ALFSG) began in 1997 to more thoroughly study and understand the causes, natural history, and management of ALF. Over the course of 22 years, 3364 adult patients were enrolled in the study registry (2614 ALF and 857 acute liver injury-international normalized ratio 2.0 but no encephalopathy-ALI) and >150,000 biosamples collected, including serum, plasma, urine, DNA, and liver tissue. Within the Registry study sites, 4 prospective substudies were conducted and published, 2 interventional ( N -acetylcysteine and ornithine phenylacetate), 1 prognostic [ 13 C-methacetin breath test (MBT)], and 1 mechanistic (rotational thromboelastometry). To review ALFSG's accomplishments and consider next steps, a 2-day in-person conference was held at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, entitled "Acute Liver Failure: Science and Practice," in May 2022. To summarize the important findings in the field, this review highlights the current state of understanding of ALF and, more importantly, asks what further studies are needed to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis, natural history, and management of this unique and dramatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valerie Durkalski
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jody A. Rule
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shannan Tujios
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William M. Lee
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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16
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Taya T, Teruyama F, Gojo S. Host-directed therapy for bacterial infections -Modulation of the phagolysosome pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227467. [PMID: 37841276 PMCID: PMC10570837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections still impose a significant burden on humanity, even though antimicrobial agents have long since been developed. In addition to individual severe infections, the f fatality rate of sepsis remains high, and the threat of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria grows with time, putting us at inferiority. Although tremendous resources have been devoted to the development of antimicrobial agents, we have yet to recover from the lost ground we have been driven into. Looking back at the evolution of treatment for cancer, which, like infectious diseases, has the similarity that host immunity eliminates the lesion, the development of drugs to eliminate the tumor itself has shifted from a single-minded focus on drug development to the establishment of a treatment strategy in which the de-suppression of host immunity is another pillar of treatment. In infectious diseases, on the other hand, the development of therapies that strengthen and support the immune system has only just begun. Among innate immunity, the first line of defense that bacteria encounter after invading the host, the molecular mechanisms of the phagolysosome pathway, which begins with phagocytosis to fusion with lysosome, have been elucidated in detail. Bacteria have a large number of strategies to escape and survive the pathway. Although the full picture is still unfathomable, the molecular mechanisms have been elucidated for some of them, providing sufficient clues for intervention. In this article, we review the host defense mechanisms and bacterial evasion mechanisms and discuss the possibility of host-directed therapy for bacterial infection by intervening in the phagolysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Teruyama
- Pharmacology Research Department, Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Kowa Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Musrati MA, De Baetselier P, Movahedi K, Van Ginderachter JA. Ontogeny, functions and reprogramming of Kupffer cells upon infectious disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238452. [PMID: 37691953 PMCID: PMC10485603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolic organ that also performs important immune-regulatory functions. In the context of infections, the liver represents a target site for various pathogens, while also having an outstanding capacity to filter the blood from pathogens and to contain infections. Pathogen scavenging by the liver is primarily performed by its large and heterogeneous macrophage population. The major liver-resident macrophage population is located within the hepatic microcirculation and is known as Kupffer cells (KCs). Although other minor macrophages reside in the liver as well, KCs remain the best characterized and are the best well-known hepatic macrophage population to be functionally involved in the clearance of infections. The response of KCs to pathogenic insults often governs the overall severity and outcome of infections on the host. Moreover, infections also impart long-lasting, and rarely studied changes to the KC pool. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the biology and the various roles of liver macrophages during infections. In addition, we reflect on the potential of infection history to imprint long-lasting effects on macrophages, in particular liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amer Musrati
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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Zheng L, Ling W, Zhu D, Li Z, Li Y, Zhou H, Kong L. Roquin-1 resolves sepsis-associated acute liver injury by regulating inflammatory profiles via miRNA cargo in extracellular vesicles. iScience 2023; 26:107295. [PMID: 37554446 PMCID: PMC10405074 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute liver injury (SALI) is an independent risk for sepsis-induced death orchestrated by innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we found that Roquin-1 was decreased during SALI and expressed mainly in monocyte-derived macrophages. Meanwhile, Roquin-1 was correlated with the inflammatory profiles in humans and mice. Mechanically, Roquin-1 in macrophages promoted Ago2-K258-ubiquitination and inhibited Ago2-S387/S828-phosphorylation. Ago2-S387-phosphorylation inhibited Ago2-miRNA's complex location in multivesicular bodies and sorting in macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs), while Ago2-S828-phosphorylation modulated the binding between Ago2 and miRNAs by special miRNAs-motifs. Then, the anti-inflammatory miRNAs in MDEVs decreased TSC22D2 expression directly, upregulated Tregs-differentiation via TSC22D2-STAT3 signaling, and inhibited M1-macrophage-polarization by TSC22D2-AMPKα-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, WT MDEVs in mice alleviated SALI by increasing Tregs ratio and decreasing M1-macrophage frequency synchronously. Our study showed that Roquin-1 in macrophages increased Tregs-differentiation and decreased M1-macrophage-polarization simultaneously via miRNA in MDEVs, suggesting Roquin-1 can be used as a potential tool for SALI treatment and MDEVs engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ling
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Deming Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Yao N, Wu M, You L, Xu J, Liu T, Wang J, Li Z, Guo J, Sun Y. Intraoperative blood auto-transfusion restrained the malignancy of Liver Cancer via regulating functions of tumor cells and Kuffer cells. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37200373 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2210953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of IBA in regulating the recovery of liver cancer was investigated using a rat model of liver cancer and an intraoperative blood return model (IBA). SD rats were used to construct the IBA model. Kupffer cells were isolated from liver cancer tissues, and their biological characteristics were analyzed by flow cytometry. Comet assay was used to detect DNA damage in tumor cells; clone formation assay and transwell assay were used to detect tumor cell proliferation and migration ability. Western blot analysis was used to determine the changes in related signaling pathways. After the IBA treatment, the production of KCs was significantly promoted in rat liver cancer tissues, and the expression levels of cell cycle arrest proteins P53, AEN and CDKN1A were also significantly increased. In tumor cells, IBA induced cell cycle arrest and cellular DNA damage in a p53-mediated manner. In addition, the proliferation and migration of cancer cells were also significantly inhibited. Similar to the in vivo data, the expression of TP53, AEN and CDKN1A was also up-regulated. Our study showed that IBA can inhibit the malignant transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the function-dependent p53-mediated pathway of tumor cells and KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laiwei You
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhuo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ito Y, Hosono K, Amano H. Responses of hepatic sinusoidal cells to liver ischemia–reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1171317. [PMID: 37082623 PMCID: PMC10112669 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1171317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver displays a remarkable regenerative capacity in response to acute liver injury. In addition to the proliferation of hepatocytes during liver regeneration, non-parenchymal cells, including liver macrophages, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver repair and regeneration. Liver ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of increased liver damage during liver resection, transplantation, and trauma. Impaired liver repair increases postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients who underwent liver surgery. Successful liver repair and regeneration after liver IRI requires coordinated interplay and synergic actions between hepatic resident cells and recruited cell components. However, the underlying mechanisms of liver repair after liver IRI are not well understood. Recent technological advances have revealed the heterogeneity of each liver cell component in the steady state and diseased livers. In this review, we describe the progress in the biology of liver non-parenchymal cells obtained from novel technological advances. We address the functional role of each cell component in response to liver IRI and the interactions between diverse immune repertoires and non-hematopoietic cell populations during the course of liver repair after liver IRI. We also discuss how these findings can help in the design of novel therapeutic approaches. Growing insights into the cellular interactions during liver IRI would enhance the pathology of liver IRI understanding comprehensively and further develop the strategies for improvement of liver repair.
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21
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Nath S, Kitsios GD, Bos LDJ. Gut-lung crosstalk during critical illness. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:130-137. [PMID: 36762684 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Study of organ crosstalk in critical illness has uncovered complex biological communication between different organ systems, but the role of microbiota in organ crosstalk has received limited attention. We highlight the emerging understanding of the gut-lung axis, and how the largest biomass of the human body in the gut may affect lung physiology in critical illness. RECENT FINDINGS Disruption of healthy gut microbial communities and replacement by disease-promoting pathogens (pathobiome) generates a maladaptive transmitter of messages from the gut to the lungs, connected via the portal venous and the mesenteric lymphatic systems. Gut barrier impairment allows for microbial translocation (living organisms or cellular fragments) to the lungs. Host-microbiota interactions in the gut mucosa can also impact lung physiology through microbial metabolite secretion or host-derived messengers (hormones, cytokines or immune cells). Clinical examples like the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia by selective decontamination of the digestive tract show that the gut-lung axis can be manipulated therapeutically. SUMMARY A growing body of evidence supports the pathophysiological relevance of the gut-lung axis, yet we are only at the brink of understanding the therapeutic and prognostic relevance of the gut microbiome, metabolites and host-microbe interactions in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridesh Nath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Intensive Care
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (LEICA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang T, Yu-Jing L, Ma T. Role of regulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1029438. [PMID: 36969168 PMCID: PMC10035551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1029438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long term immunosuppression is problematic during sepsis. The PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoint proteins have potent immunosuppressive functions. Recent studies have revealed several features of PD-1 and PD-L1 and their roles in sepsis. Here, we summarize the overall findings of PD-1 and PD-L1 by first reviewing the biological features of PD-1 and PD-L1 and then discussing the mechanisms that control the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. We then review the functions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in physiological settings and further discuss PD-1 and PD-L1 in sepsis, including their involvement in several sepsis-related processes and their potential therapeutic relevance in sepsis. In general, PD-1 and PD-L1 have critical roles in sepsis, indicating that their regulation may be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yu-Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Ma,
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23
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Trovato FM, Zia R, Artru F, Mujib S, Jerome E, Cavazza A, Coen M, Wilson I, Holmes E, Morgan P, Singanayagam A, Bernsmeier C, Napoli S, Bernal W, Wendon J, Miquel R, Menon K, Patel VC, Smith J, Atkinson SR, Triantafyllou E, McPhail MJW. Lysophosphatidylcholines modulate immunoregulatory checkpoints in peripheral monocytes and are associated with mortality in people with acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2023; 78:558-573. [PMID: 36370949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease characterised by high-grade inflammation and immunoparesis, which is associated with a high incidence of death from sepsis. Herein, we aimed to describe the metabolic dysregulation in ALF and determine whether systemic immune responses are modulated via the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidylcholinic acid (LPA) pathway. METHODS Ninety-six individuals with ALF, 104 with cirrhosis, 31 with sepsis and 71 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Pathways of interest were identified by multivariate statistical analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. A targeted metabolomics panel was used for validation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with LPA 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and their immune checkpoint surface expression was assessed by flow cytometry. Transcript-level expression of the LPA receptor (LPAR) in monocytes was investigated and the effect of LPAR antagonism was also examined in vitro. RESULTS LPC 16:0 was highly discriminant between ALF and HC. There was an increase in ATX and LPA in individuals with ALF compared to HCs and those with sepsis. LPCs 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 were reduced in individuals with ALF and were associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment of monocytes with LPA 16:0 increased their PD-L1 expression and reduced CD155, CD163, MerTK levels, without affecting immune checkpoints on T and NK/CD56+T cells. LPAR1 and 3 antagonism in culture reversed the effect of LPA on monocyte expression of MerTK and CD163. MerTK and CD163, but not LPAR genes, were differentially expressed and upregulated in monocytes from individuals with ALF compared to controls. CONCLUSION Reduced LPC levels are biomarkers of poor prognosis in individuals with ALF. The LPC-ATX-LPA axis appears to modulate innate immune response in ALF via LPAR1 and LPAR3. Further investigations are required to identify novel therapeutic agents targeting these receptors. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a metabolic signature of acute liver failure (ALF) and investigated the immunometabolic role of the lysophosphatidylcholine-autotaxin-lysophosphatidylcholinic acid pathway, with the aim of finding a mechanistic explanation for monocyte behaviour and identifying possible therapeutic targets (to modulate the systemic immune response in ALF). At present, no selective immune-based therapies exist. We were able to modulate the phenotype of monocytes in vitro and aim to extend these findings to murine models of ALF as a next step. Future therapies may be based on metabolic modulation; thus, the role of specific lipids in this pathway require elucidation and the relative merits of autotaxin inhibition, lysophosphatidylcholinic acid receptor blockade or lipid-based therapies need to be determined. Our findings begin to bridge this knowledge gap and the methods used herein could be useful in identifying therapeutic targets as part of an experimental medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Trovato
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
| | - Rabiya Zia
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Florent Artru
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Salma Mujib
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Ellen Jerome
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Anna Cavazza
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Phillip Morgan
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Arjuna Singanayagam
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK; Infection Clinical Academic Group, St.George's University of London, UK
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - William Bernal
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Julia Wendon
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Vishal C Patel
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK; The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - John Smith
- Anaesthetics, Critical Care, Emergency and Trauma Research Delivery Unit, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Atkinson
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Morrison MA, Artru F, Trovato FM, Triantafyllou E, McPhail MJ. Potential therapies for acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int 2023. [PMID: 36800487 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome that develops in approximately 30% of patients hospitalised with cirrhosis and is characterised by an acute decompensation of liver function associated with extra-hepatic organ failures and a high short-term mortality. At present, no specific therapies are available for ACLF, and current management is limited to treatment of the precipitating event and organ support. Given the high prevalence and high mortality of this severe liver disease, there is an urgent need for targeted treatments. There is increasing evidence of the important role played by systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of ACLF and a better understanding of these immune processes is resulting in new therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to present an overview of ongoing studies of potentially promising therapies and how they could be utilised in the management of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura A Morrison
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Florent Artru
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca M Trovato
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Li K, Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhang G, Su J, Wu X, Cheng C, Wang Y, Yu B, Zhang X. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is a potent adjuvant in treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in mice. Mol Ther 2023; 31:174-192. [PMID: 36104974 PMCID: PMC9840119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective therapy for implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, a devastating complication after orthopedic surgery. An immune-suppressive profile with up-regulated programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) was identified based on our transcriptional data (GEO: GSE166522) from a mouse model of S. aureus osteomyelitis. PD-1/PD-L1 expression was up-regulated mainly in F4/80+ macrophages surrounding the abscess in S. aureus-infected bone. Mechanistically, PD-1/PD-L1 activated mitophagy to suppress production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressing the bactericidal function of macrophages. Using neutralizing antibodies for PD-L1 or PD-1, or knockout of PD-L1 adjuvant to gentamicin markedly reduced mitophagy in bone marrow F4/80+ cells, enhanced bacterial clearance in bone tissue and implants, and reduced bone destruction in mice. PD-1/PD-L1 expression was also increased in the bone marrow from individuals with S. aureus osteomyelitis. These findings uncover a so far unknown function of PD-1/PD-L1-mediated mitophagy in suppressing the bactericidal function of bone marrow macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqun Li
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yihuang Lin
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Jianwen Su
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Caiyu Cheng
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
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Infection and Immunity. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Yang Zhou J. Innate immunity and early liver inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175147. [PMID: 37205101 PMCID: PMC10187146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate system constitutes a first-line defence mechanism against pathogens. 80% of the blood supply entering the human liver arrives from the splanchnic circulation through the portal vein, so it is constantly exposed to immunologically active substances and pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract. Rapid neutralization of pathogens and toxins is an essential function of the liver, but so too is avoidance of harmful and unnecessary immune reactions. This delicate balance of reactivity and tolerance is orchestrated by a diverse repertoire of hepatic immune cells. In particular, the human liver is enriched in many innate immune cell subsets, including Kupffer cells (KCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) like Natural Killer (NK) cells and ILC-like unconventional T cells - namely Natural Killer T cells (NKT), γδ T cells and Mucosal-associated Invariant T cells (MAIT). These cells reside in the liver in a memory-effector state, so they respond quickly to trigger appropriate responses. The contribution of aberrant innate immunity to inflammatory liver diseases is now being better understood. In particular, we are beginning to understand how specific innate immune subsets trigger chronic liver inflammation, which ultimately results in hepatic fibrosis. In this review, we consider the roles of specific innate immune cell subsets in early inflammation in human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Yang Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jordi Yang Zhou,
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28
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Butyrate ameliorates inflammation of alcoholic liver disease by suppressing the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 axis via binding GPR43-β-arrestin2. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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29
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Kulle A, Thanabalasuriar A, Cohen TS, Szydlowska M. Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029085. [PMID: 36532044 PMCID: PMC9750759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages play a unique role in the maintenance of tissue function. As phagocytes, they are an essential first line defenders against pathogens and much of the initial characterization of these cells was focused on their interaction with viral and bacterial pathogens. However, these cells are increasingly recognized as contributing to more than just host defense. Through cytokine production, receptor engagement and gap junction communication resident macrophages tune tissue inflammatory tone, influence adaptive immune cell phenotype and regulate tissue structure and function. This review highlights resident macrophages in the liver and lung as they hold unique roles in the maintenance of the interface between the circulatory system and the external environment. As such, we detail the developmental origin of these cells, their contribution to host defense and the array of tools these cells use to regulate tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Kulle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Taylor S. Cohen
- Late Stage Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Marta Szydlowska
- Bacteriology and Vaccine Discovery, Research and Early Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Marta Szydlowska,
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30
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Li Q, Chen F, Wang F. The immunological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 36414987 PMCID: PMC9682794 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure caused by drug overdose is a significant clinical problem in developed countries. Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but its overdose can cause acute liver failure. In addition to APAP-induced direct hepatotoxicity, the intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) including metabolic activation, mitochondrial oxidant stress and proinflammatory response further affect progression and severity of AILI. Liver inflammation is a result of multiple interactions of cell death molecules, immune cell-derived cytokines and chemokines, as well as damaged cell-released signals which orchestrate hepatic immune cell infiltration. The immunoregulatory interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during AILI lead to different fate of liver pathology. Thus, better understanding the complex interplay of immune cell subsets in experimental models and defining their functional involvement in disease progression are essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AILI. Here, this present review aims to systematically elaborate on the underlying immunological mechanisms of AILI, its relevance to immune cells and their effector molecules, and briefly discuss great therapeutic potential based on inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Fei Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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31
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Guilliams M, Scott CL. Liver macrophages in health and disease. Immunity 2022; 55:1515-1529. [PMID: 36103850 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic technologies have revealed an underappreciated heterogeneity of liver macrophages. This has led us to rethink the involvement of macrophages in liver homeostasis and disease. Identification of conserved gene signatures within these cells across species and diseases is enabling the correct identification of specific macrophage subsets and the generation of more specific tools to track and study the functions of these cells. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the definitions of these different macrophage populations, the markers that can be used to identify them, how they are wired within the liver, and their functional specializations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland.
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32
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Rienzo M, Skirecki T, Monneret G, Timsit JF. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of sepsis:insights from preclinical and clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:885-894. [PMID: 35944174 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis represents one-fifth of all deaths worldwide and is associated with huge costs. Regarding disease progression, it is now well established that sepsis induces a state of acquired immunosuppression, with an increased risk of secondary infections that contributes to patients' worsening. Thus, tackling sepsis-induced immunosuppression represents a promising perspective. AREAS COVERED Of mechanisms responsible for sepsis-induced immunosuppression, the increased expression of co-inhibitory receptors (aka immune checkpoint) such as PD-1, CTLA4, TIM-3, LAG-3 or BTLA and their ligands recently received considerable interest since their inhibition, thanks to the so-called checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), provided astonishing results in cancer by rebooting immune functions. This review reports on the first landmarks of these molecules in sepsis. We introduce them in terms of basic immunology in line with sepsis pathophysiology both in experimental models and observational works and assess the first human clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical results are positive and the first human clinical trials, although currently limited to the early phase, showed a beneficial effect on immunological functions and/or markers and suggested that tolerance of CPIs side effects, mainly auto-immune disorders, is acceptable in sepsis. Elsewhere, in some specific infections leading to ICU admission (or occurring during ICU stay), such as fungal infections, preliminary convincing case reports have been published. Overall, the first results regarding CPIs in sepsis appear encouraging. However, further efforts are warranted, especially in defining the right patients to be treated (i.e., in an individualized approach) and establishing the optimal time to start an immune restoration. Larger trials are now mandatory to confirm CPIs' potential in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rienzo
- AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU (MI2), F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003.,Université de Lyon, EA7426, Hôpital E. Herriot, Lyon, F-69003
| | - Jean-François Timsit
- AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU (MI2), F-75018 Paris, France.,University of Paris, IAME, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France
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Liu B, Yan S, Li S, Zhang Q, Yang M, Yang L, Ma J, Li X. Correlation Study of PD-L1, CD4, CD8, and PD-1 in Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Andrews TS, MacParland SA. Untangling the web: The complex parenchymal-immune interface in endotoxemia. J Hepatol 2022; 77:296-298. [PMID: 35421423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tallulah S Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Sonya A MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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35
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Lopes ME, Nakagaki BN, Mattos MS, Campolina-Silva GH, Meira RDO, Paixão P, Oliveira A, Faustino L, Gonçalves R, Menezes GB. Susceptibility to Infections During Acute Liver Injury Depends on Transient Disruption of Liver Macrophage Niche. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892114. [PMID: 35967353 PMCID: PMC9368782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells are the primary liver resident immune cell responsible for the liver firewall function, including clearance of bacterial infection from the circulation, as they are strategically positioned inside the liver sinusoid with intimate contact with the blood. Disruption in the tissue-resident macrophage niche, such as in Kupffer cells, can lead to a window of susceptibility to systemic infections, which represents a significant cause of mortality in patients with acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver injury (ALI). However, how Kupffer cell niche disruption increases susceptibility to systemic infections in ALI is not fully understood. Using a mouse model of ALI induced by APAP overdose, we found that Kupffer cells upregulated the apoptotic cell death program and were markedly reduced in the necrotic areas during the early stages of ALI, opening the niche for the infiltration of neutrophils and monocyte subsets. In addition, during the resolution phase of ALI, the remaining tissue macrophages with a Kupffer cell morphology were observed forming replicating cell clusters closer to necrotic areas devoid of Kupffer cells. Interestingly, mice with APAP-induced liver injury were still susceptible to infections despite the dual cellular input of circulating monocytes and proliferation of remaining Kupffer cells in the damaged liver. Therapy with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) was shown to be effective in occupying the niche devoid of Kupffer cells following APAP-induced ALI. The rapid BMDM migration to the liver and their positioning within necrotic areas enhanced the healing of the tissue and restored the liver firewall function after BMDM therapy. Therefore, we showed that disruption in the Kupffer cell niche and its impaired function during acute liver injury are key factors for the susceptibility to systemic bacterial infections. In addition, modulation of the liver macrophage niche was shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy for liver injuries that reduce the Kupffer cell number and compromise the organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mateus Eustáquio Lopes, ; Gustavo Batista Menezes,
| | - Brenda Naemi Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Campolina-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Raquel de Oliveira Meira
- Macrophage and Monocyte Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pierre Henrique de Menezes Paixão
- Macrophage and Monocyte Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas D. Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Macrophage and Monocyte Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mateus Eustáquio Lopes, ; Gustavo Batista Menezes,
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36
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Wang Y, Wang J. Intravital Imaging of Inflammatory Response in Liver Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:922041. [PMID: 35837329 PMCID: PMC9274191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.922041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy liver requires a strictly controlled crosstalk between immune and nonimmune cells to maintain its function and homeostasis. A well-conditioned immune system can effectively recognize and clear noxious stimuli by a self-limited, small-scale inflammatory response. This regulated inflammatory process enables the liver to cope with daily microbial exposure and metabolic stress, which is beneficial for hepatic self-renewal and tissue remodeling. However, the failure to clear noxious stimuli or dysregulation of immune response can lead to uncontrolled liver inflammation, liver dysfunction, and severe liver disease. Numerous highly dynamic circulating immune cells and sessile resident immune and parenchymal cells interact and communicate with each other in an incredibly complex way to regulate the inflammatory response in both healthy and diseased liver. Intravital imaging is a powerful tool to visualize individual cells in vivo and has been widely used for dissecting the behavior and interactions between various cell types in the complex architecture of the liver. Here, we summarize some new findings obtained with the use of intravital imaging, which enhances our understanding of the complexity of immune cell behavior, cell–cell interaction, and spatial organization during the physiological and pathological liver inflammatory response.
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37
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Long Y, Yu X, Chen R, Tong Y, Gong L. Noncanonical PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Relation to the Efficacy of Anti-PD Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910704. [PMID: 35663968 PMCID: PMC9157498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With programmed death 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) as the cornerstone, anti-PD antibodies have pioneered revolutionary immunotherapies for malignancies. But most patients struggled to respond to anti-PD owing to primary or acquired resistance or even hyperprogression, pointing to more efforts needed to explore this axis. PD-1 constrains T-cell immunoreactivity via engaging with PD-L1 of tumor/myeloid cells is the canonical PD-1/PD-L1 axis function mode. Studies are increasingly aware of the impact of noncanonical PD-1/PD-L1 expression in various cancers. PD-L1 induced on activated T-cells ligates to PD-1 to mediate self-tolerance or acts on intratumoral myeloid cells and other T-cells, affecting their survival, differentiation and immunophenotyping, leading to tumor immunosuppression. Myeloid PD-1 interferes with their proliferation, differentiation, cytokine secretion and phagocytosis, mediating remarkable pro-tumor effects. Tumor cell intrinsic PD-1 signaling has diverse functions in different tumors, resulting in pro-proliferation or proliferation inhibition. These nonclassical PD-1/PD-L1 functions may be novel anti-PD mechanisms or causes of treatment resistance. This review highlights the nonnegligible role of T-cell-intrinsic PD-L1 and tumor/myeloid PD-1 in the cell interplay network and the complex impact on the efficacy of anti-PD antibodies. Reconsidering and rational utilization of the comprehensive PD-1/PD-L1 axis could cumulate breakthroughs in precision treatment and combination for anti-PD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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38
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Nguyen NT, Umbaugh DS, Huang EL, Adelusi OB, Sanchez Guerrero G, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Recovered Hepatocytes Promote Macrophage Apoptosis through CXCR4 after Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:248-260. [PMID: 35642939 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the main cause of acute liver failure in Western countries. The mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity is associated with centrilobular necrosis which initiates infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and other leukocytes to the area of necrosis. While it has been recognized that this infiltration of immune cells plays a critical role in promoting liver repair, mechanism of immune cell clearance that is important for resolution of inflammation and the return to normal homeostasis are not well characterized. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor expressed on hepatocytes as well as neutrophils, monocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells. CXCR4 function is dependent on its selective expression on different cell types and thus can vary depending on the pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages through CXCR4 to promote macrophage apoptosis after APAP overdose. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to APAP overdose (300 mg/kg). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the mode of cell death of macrophages and expression pattern of CXCR4 during the resolution phase of APAP hepatotoxicity. The impact of CXCR4 in regulation of macrophage apoptosis and liver recovery was assessed after administration of a monoclonal antibody against CXCR4. RNAseq analysis was performed on flow cytometry sorted CXCR4+ macrophages at 72 h to confirm the apoptotic cell death of macrophages. Our data indicate that the inflammatory response is resolved by recovering hepatocytes through induction of CXCR4 on macrophages, which triggers their cell death by apoptosis at the end of the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eileen L Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Barley TJ, Murphy PR, Wang X, Bowman BA, Mormol JM, Mager CE, Kirk SG, Cash CJ, Linn SC, Meng X, Nelin LD, Chen B, Hafner M, Zhang J, Liu Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 controls PD-L1 expression by regulating type I interferon during systemic Escherichia coli infection. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101938. [PMID: 35429501 PMCID: PMC9108994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (Mkp-1) KO mice produce elevated cytokines and exhibit increased mortality and bacterial burden following systemic Escherichia coli infection. To understand how Mkp-1 affects immune defense, we analyzed the RNA-Seq datasets previously generated from control and E. coli-infected Mkp-1+/+ and Mkp-1-/- mice. We found that E. coli infection markedly induced programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and that Mkp-1 deficiency further amplified PD-L1 expression. Administration of a PD-L1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) to Mkp-1-/- mice increased the mortality of the animals following E. coli infection, although bacterial burden was decreased. In addition, the PD-L1-neutralizing mAb increased serum interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as lung- and liver-inducible nitric oxide synthase levels, suggesting an enhanced inflammatory response. Interestingly, neutralization of IFN-α/β receptor 1 blocked PD-L1 induction in Mkp-1-/- mice following E. coli infection. PD-L1 was potently induced in macrophages by E. coli and lipopolysaccharide in vitro, and Mkp-1 deficiency exacerbated PD-L1 induction with little effect on the half-life of PD-L1 mRNA. In contrast, inhibitors of Janus kinase 1/2 and tyrosine kinase 2, as well as the IFN-α/β receptor 1-neutralizing mAb, markedly attenuated PD-L1 induction. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of type I IFNs in E. coli-infected Mkp-1-/- mice is, at least in part, mediated by Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-driven PD-L1 induction. Our studies also support the notion that enhanced PD-L1 expression contributes to the bactericidal defect of Mkp-1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barley
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Parker R Murphy
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiantao Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bridget A Bowman
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin M Mormol
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carli E Mager
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean G Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles J Cash
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah C Linn
- Combined Anatomic Pathology Residency/Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaomei Meng
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bernadette Chen
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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40
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Brom VC, Burger C, Wirtz DC, Schildberg FA. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Macrophages in Cancer, Infection, and Autoimmune Pathologies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837645. [PMID: 35418973 PMCID: PMC8995707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized immunotherapy against various cancers over the last decade. The use of checkpoint inhibitors results in remarkable re-activation of patients’ immune system, but is also associated with significant adverse events. In this review, we emphasize the importance of cell-type specificity in the context of immune checkpoint-based interventions and particularly focus on the relevance of macrophages. Immune checkpoint blockade alters the dynamic macrophage phenotypes and thereby substantially manipulates therapeutical outcome. Considering the macrophage-specific immune checkpoint biology, it seems feasible to ameliorate the situation of patients with severe side effects and even increase the probability of survival for non-responders to checkpoint inhibition. Apart from malignancies, investigating immune checkpoint molecules on macrophages has stimulated their fundamental characterization and use in other diseases as well, such as acute and chronic infections and autoimmune pathologies. Although the macrophage-specific effect of checkpoint molecules has been less studied so far, the current literature shows that a macrophage-centered blockade of immune checkpoints as well as a stimulation of their expression represents promising therapeutic avenues. Ultimately, the therapeutic potential of a macrophage-focused checkpoint therapy might be maximized by diagnostically assessing individual checkpoint expression levels on macrophages, thereby personalizing an effective treatment approach for each patient having cancer, infection, or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Brom
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter C Wirtz
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Papachristoforou E, Ramachandran P. Macrophages as key regulators of liver health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:143-212. [PMID: 35636927 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and key cellular components of the liver. Hepatic macrophages consist of embryologically-derived resident Kupffer cells (KC), recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and capsular macrophages. Both the diversity and plasticity of hepatic macrophage subsets explain their different functions in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. In this review, we assess the evidence for macrophage involvement in regulating both liver health and injury responses in liver diseases including acute liver injury (ALI), chronic liver disease (CLD) (including liver fibrosis) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In healthy livers, KC display critical functions such as phagocytosis, danger signal recognition, cytokine release, antigen processing and the ability to orchestrate immune responses and maintain immunological tolerance. However, in most liver diseases there is a striking hepatic MDM expansion, which orchestrate both disease progression and regression. Single-cell approaches have transformed our understanding of liver macrophage heterogeneity, dynamics, and functions in both human samples and preclinical models. We will further discuss the new insights provided by these approaches and how they are enabling high-fidelity work to specifically identify pathogenic macrophage subpopulations. Given the important role of macrophages in regulating injury responses in a broad range of settings, there is now a huge interest in developing new therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages. Therefore, we also review the current approaches being used to modulate macrophage function in liver diseases and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting macrophage subpopulations as a novel treatment strategy for patients with liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papachristoforou
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Bacterial Lymphatic Metastasis in Infection and Immunity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010033. [PMID: 35011595 PMCID: PMC8750085 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels permeate tissues around the body, returning fluid from interstitial spaces back to the blood after passage through the lymph nodes, which are important sites for adaptive responses to all types of pathogens. Involvement of the lymphatics in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections is not well studied. Despite offering an obvious conduit for pathogen spread, the lymphatic system has long been regarded to bar the onward progression of most bacteria. There is little direct data on live virulent bacteria, instead understanding is largely inferred from studies investigating immune responses to viruses or antigens in lymph nodes. Recently, we have demonstrated that extracellular bacterial lymphatic metastasis of virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes drives systemic infection. Accordingly, it is timely to reconsider the role of lymph nodes as absolute barriers to bacterial dissemination in the lymphatics. Here, we summarise the routes and mechanisms by which an increasing variety of bacteria are acknowledged to transit through the lymphatic system, including those that do not necessarily require internalisation by host cells. We discuss the anatomy of the lymphatics and other factors that influence bacterial dissemination, as well as the consequences of underappreciated bacterial lymphatic metastasis on disease and immunity.
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Zhao D, Yang F, Wang Y, Li S, Li Y, Hou F, Yang W, Liu D, Tao Y, Li Q, Wang J, He F, Tang L. ALK1 signaling is required for the homeostasis of Kupffer cells and prevention of bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150489. [PMID: 34874921 PMCID: PMC8803331 DOI: 10.1172/jci150489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific functions. Tissue-derived signals play a critical role in determining macrophage heterogeneity. However, these signals remain largely unknown. The BMP receptor activin receptor–like kinase 1 (ALK1) is well known for its role in blood vessel formation; however, its role within the immune system has never been revealed to our knowledge. Here, we found that BMP9/BMP10/ALK1 signaling controlled the identity and self-renewal of Kupffer cells (KCs) through a Smad4-dependent pathway. In contrast, ALK1 was dispensable for the maintenance of macrophages located in the lung, kidney, spleen, and brain. Following ALK1 deletion, KCs were lost over time and were replaced by monocyte-derived macrophages. These hepatic macrophages showed significantly reduced expression of the complement receptor VSIG4 and alterations in immune zonation and morphology, which is important for the tissue-specialized function of KCs. Furthermore, we found that this signaling pathway was important for KC-mediated Listeria monocytogenes capture, as the loss of ALK1 and Smad4 led to a failure of bacterial capture and overwhelming disseminated infections. Thus, ALK1 signaling instructs a tissue-specific phenotype that allows KCs to protect the host from systemic bacterial dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyuan Zhao
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Yang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Site Li
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Hou
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuandong Tao
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchu He
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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Warner J, Hardesty J, Song Y, Sun R, Deng Z, Xu R, Yin X, Zhang X, McClain C, Warner D, Kirpich I. Fat-1 Transgenic Mice With Augmented n3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Protected From Liver Injury Caused by Acute-On-Chronic Ethanol Administration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711590. [PMID: 34531743 PMCID: PMC8438569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide, and alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a severe form of ALD, is a major contributor to the mortality and morbidity due to ALD. Many factors modulate susceptibility to ALD development and progression, including nutritional factors such as dietary fatty acids. Recent work from our group and others showed that modulation of dietary or endogenous levels of n6-and n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can exacerbate or attenuate experimental ALD, respectively. In the current study, we interrogated the effects of endogenous n3-PUFA enrichment in a mouse model which recapitulates features of early human AH using transgenic fat-1 mice which endogenously convert n6-PUFAs to n3-PUFAs. Male wild type (WT) and fat-1 littermates were provided an ethanol (EtOH, 5% v/v)-containing liquid diet for 10 days, then administered a binge of EtOH (5 g/kg) by oral gavage on the 11th day, 9 h prior to sacrifice. In WT mice, EtOH treatment resulted in liver injury as determined by significantly elevated plasma ALT levels, whereas in fat-1 mice, EtOH caused no increase in this biomarker. Compared to their pair-fed controls, a significant EtOH-mediated increase in liver neutrophil infiltration was observed also in WT, but not fat-1 mice. The hepatic expression of several cytokines and chemokines, including Pai-1, was significantly lower in fat-1 vs WT EtOH-challenged mice. Cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from fat-1 mice expressed less Pai-1 and Cxcl2 (a canonical neutrophil chemoattractant) mRNA compared to WT when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Further, we observed decreased pro-inflammatory M1 liver tissue-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs), as well as increased liver T regulatory cells in fat-1 vs WT EtOH-fed mice. Taken together, our data demonstrated protective effects of endogenous n3-PUFA enrichment on liver injury caused by an acute-on-chronic EtOH exposure, a paradigm which recapitulates human AH, suggesting that n3-PUFAs may be a viable nutritional adjuvant therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Josiah Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ying Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Raobo Xu
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xinmin Yin
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Craig McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dennis Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Irina Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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45
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McCulloch TR, Wells TJ, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Towards efficient immunotherapy for bacterial infection. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:158-169. [PMID: 34253452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria, often referred to as superbugs, is leading to infections that are increasingly difficult to treat. Further, bacteria have evolved mechanisms by which they subvert the immune response, meaning that even antibiotic-sensitive bacteria can persist through antibiotic therapy. For these reasons, a broad range of viable therapeutic alternatives or conjunctions to traditional antimicrobial therapy are urgently required to reduce the burden of disease threatened by antibiotic resistance. Immunotherapy has emerged as a leading treatment option in cancer, and researchers are now attempting to apply this to infectious disease. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances in the field and highlights current and future perspectives of using immunotherapies to treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R McCulloch
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Timothy J Wells
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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46
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Zhou X, Yu L, Zhou M, Hou P, Yi L, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates liver fibrosis via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells by inducing autophagy and natural killer cell-mediated killing effect. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:64. [PMID: 34147124 PMCID: PMC8214786 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the preventive effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) against liver fibrosis involving hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic natural killer (NK) cells. Methods A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model was established in C57BL/6 mice to study the antifibrotic effect of DHM based on serum biochemical parameters, histological and immunofluorescence stainings, and the expression of several fibrosis-related markers. Based on the immunoregulatory role of DHM, the effect of DHM on NK cell activation ex vivo was evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, we investigated whether DHM-induced autophagy was involved in HSCs inactivation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. Thereafter, the role of DHM in NK cell-mediated killing was studied by in vitro coculture of NK cells and HSCs, with subsequent analysis by flow cytometry. Finally, the mechanism by which DHM regulates NK cells was studied by western blot analysis. Results DHM ameliorated liver fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice, as characterized by decreased serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, decreased expressions of collagen I alpha 1 (CoL-1α1), collagen I alpha 2 (CoL-1α2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin, as well as increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Interestingly, HSCs activation was significantly inhibited by DHM in vivo and in vitro. As expected, DHM also upregulated autophagy-related indicators in liver from CCl4-treated mice. DHM also prevented TGF-β1-induced activation of HSCs in vitro by initiating autophagic flux. In contrast, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine markedly abolished the antifibrotic effect of DHM. Surprisingly, the frequency of activated intrahepatic NK cells was significantly elevated by DHM ex vivo. Furthermore, DHM enhanced NK cell-mediated killing of HSCs by increasing IFN-γ expression, which was abolished by an anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibody. Mechanistically, DHM-induced IFN-γ expression was through AhR-NF-κB/STAT3 pathway in NK cells. Conclusion These results demonstrated that DHM can ameliorate the progression of liver fibrosis and inhibition of HSCs activation by inducing autophagy and enhancing NK cell-mediated killing through the AhR-NF-κB/STAT3-IFN-γ signaling pathway, providing new insights into the preventive role of DHM in liver fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00589-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO. 30th Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Bailly C, Thuru X, Quesnel B. Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3034. [PMID: 34204509 PMCID: PMC8233757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon T-cell receptor stimulation, the Programmed cell Death-1 receptor (PD-1) expressed on T-cells can interact with its ligand PD-L1 expressed at the surface of cancer cells or antigen-presenting cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 are routinely used for the treatment of cancers, but their clinical efficacy varies largely across the variety of tumor types. A part of the variability is linked to the existence of several forms of PD-L1, either expressed on the plasma membrane (mPD-L1), at the surface of secreted cellular exosomes (exoPD-L1), in cell nuclei (nPD-L1), or as a circulating, soluble protein (sPD-L1). Here, we have reviewed the different origins and roles of sPD-L1 in humans to highlight the biochemical and functional heterogeneity of the soluble protein. sPD-L1 isoforms can be generated essentially by two non-exclusive processes: (i) proteolysis of m/exoPD-L1 by metalloproteases, such as metalloproteinases (MMP) and A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM), which are capable of shedding membrane PD-L1 to release an active soluble form, and (ii) the alternative splicing of PD-L1 pre-mRNA, leading in some cases to the release of sPD-L1 protein isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain. The expression and secretion of sPD-L1 have been observed in a large variety of pathologies, well beyond cancer, notably in different pulmonary diseases, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and viral diseases. The expression and role of sPD-L1 during pregnancy are also evoked. The structural heterogeneity of sPD-L1 proteins, and associated functional/cellular plurality, should be kept in mind when considering sPD-L1 as a biomarker or as a drug target. The membrane, exosomal and soluble forms of PD-L1 are all integral parts of the highly dynamic PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, essential for immune-tolerance or immune-escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
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48
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Singanayagam A, Triantafyllou E. Macrophages in Chronic Liver Failure: Diversity, Plasticity and Therapeutic Targeting. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661182. [PMID: 33868313 PMCID: PMC8051585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury results in immune-driven progressive fibrosis, with risk of cirrhosis development and impact on morbidity and mortality. Persistent liver cell damage and death causes immune cell activation and inflammation. Patients with advanced cirrhosis additionally experience pathological bacterial translocation, exposure to microbial products and chronic engagement of the immune system. Bacterial infections have a high incidence in cirrhosis, with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis being the most common, while the subsequent systemic inflammation, organ failure and immune dysregulation increase the mortality risk. Tissue-resident and recruited macrophages play a central part in the development of inflammation and fibrosis progression. In the liver, adipose tissue, peritoneum and intestines, diverse macrophage populations exhibit great phenotypic and functional plasticity determined by their ontogeny, epigenetic programming and local microenvironment. These changes can, at different times, promote or ameliorate disease states and therefore represent potential targets for macrophage-directed therapies. In this review, we discuss the evidence for macrophage phenotypic and functional alterations in tissue compartments during the development and progression of chronic liver failure in different aetiologies and highlight the potential of macrophage modulation as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjuna Singanayagam
- Infection and Immunity Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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