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Ikeda T, Uchiyama M, Ozawa N, Imazuru T, Shimokawa T. A retrospective study on safety and efficacy of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin to acute aortic dissection with disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:523. [PMID: 39261885 PMCID: PMC11389380 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-03018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) has recently been used as a promising therapeutic natural anti-coagulant drug for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Here we investigated the safety and efficacy of rTM after aortic surgery in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS A total of 316 patients diagnosed with AAD underwent emergent ascending aortic replacement or total arch replacement between 2010 and 2019. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of 62 patients with the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine's acute-stage DIC diagnostic criteria (JAAM criteria) with a score of ≥ 4. We assigned 62 patients to two groups, either non-rTM group (n = 29) or rTM group (n = 33). Patient characteristics, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcome data including coagulation function and the JAAM DIC score in both groups were collected. RESULTS The decrease in the number of platelets was clearly suppressed on days 1-3 in the rTM group. On days 1-4, fibrin degradation product levels were upregulated in the non-rTM group but significantly downregulated in the rTM group. Five operative deaths occurred within 30 days postoperative (two [6.9%] in the non-rTM group vs. three [9.1%] in the rTM group). The JAAM DIC score showed a gradually improving trend from postoperative day 1 in the rTM group. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative rTM administration for AAD may be a safe and promising novel treatment strategy for improving the JAAM DIC score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawakita General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masateru Uchiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Naomi Ozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imazuru
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomoki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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Yang T, Peng J, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Liu Z, Jiang L, Jin L, Han M, Su B, Li Y. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular histones for critical and inflammatory diseases: an updated narrative review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1438984. [PMID: 39206200 PMCID: PMC11349558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular histones are crucial damage-associated molecular patterns involved in the development and progression of multiple critical and inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, acute liver failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, vasculitis and arthritis. During the past decade, the physiopathologic mechanisms of histone-mediated hyperinflammation, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation activation, neuroimmune injury and organ dysfunction in diseases have been systematically elucidated. Emerging preclinical evidence further shows that anti-histone strategies with either their neutralizers (heparin, heparinoids, nature plasma proteins, small anion molecules and nanomedicines, etc.) or extracorporeal blood purification techniques can significantly alleviate histone-induced deleterious effects, and thus improve the outcomes of histone-related critical and inflammatory animal models. However, a systemic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of these histone-targeting therapeutic strategies is currently lacking. In this review, we first update our latest understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of histone-induced hyperinflammation, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and organ dysfunction. Then, we summarize the latest advances in histone-targeting therapy strategies with heparin, anti-histone antibodies, histone-binding proteins or molecules, and histone-affinity hemoadsorption in pre-clinical studies. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for improving the clinical translation of histone-targeting therapeutic strategies are also discussed to promote better management of patients with histone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuyun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luojia Jiang
- Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Department of Nephrology, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lunqiang Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Turan A, Tarique M, Zhang L, Kazmi S, Ulker V, Tedla MG, Badal D, Yolcu ES, Shirwan H. Engineering Pancreatic Islets to Transiently Codisplay on Their Surface Thrombomodulin and CD47 Immunomodulatory Proteins as a Means of Mitigating Instant Blood-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction following Intraportal Transplantation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1971-1980. [PMID: 38709159 PMCID: PMC11160431 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Most pancreatic islets are destroyed immediately after intraportal transplantation by an instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) generated through activation of coagulation, complement, and proinflammatory pathways. Thus, effective mitigation of IBMIR may be contingent on the combined use of agents targeting these pathways for modulation. CD47 and thrombomodulin (TM) are two molecules with distinct functions in regulating coagulation and proinflammatory responses. We previously reported that the islet surface can be modified with biotin for transient display of novel forms of these two molecules chimeric with streptavidin (SA), that is, thrombomodulin chimeric with SA (SA-TM) and CD47 chimeric with SA (SA-CD47), as single agents with improved engraftment following intraportal transplantation. This study aimed to test whether islets can be coengineered with SA-TM and SA-CD47 molecules as a combinatorial approach to improve engraftment by inhibiting IBMIR. Mouse islets were effectively coengineered with both molecules without a detectable negative impact on their viability and metabolic function. Coengineered islets were refractory to destruction by IBMIR ex vivo and showed enhanced engraftment and sustained function in a marginal mass syngeneic intraportal transplantation model. Improved engraftment correlated with a reduction in intragraft innate immune infiltrates, particularly neutrophils and M1 macrophages. Moreover, transcripts for various intragraft procoagulatory and proinflammatory agents, including tissue factor, HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and MIP-1α, were significantly reduced in coengineered islets. These data demonstrate that the transient codisplay of SA-TM and SA-CD47 proteins on the islet surface is a facile and effective platform to modulate procoagulatory and inflammatory responses with implications for both autologous and allogeneic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Turan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Vahap Ulker
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Mebrahtu G Tedla
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Darshan Badal
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Esma S Yolcu
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Wang L, Ran L, Tian Y, Jin Y, Yi J, He X. Effect of thrombomodulin gene polymorphisms on venous thromboembolism: An analysis of evidence involving 6,629 patients. Vascular 2024; 32:374-384. [PMID: 36278273 DOI: 10.1177/17085381221135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUD The association between thrombomodulin gene (THBD) c.1418 C>T polymorphisms and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms and the risk of VTE. METHODS Computer searches were performed on the CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to June 2022. Case-control studies and cohort studies of THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms associated with VTE were included. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 software. RESULTS A total of 12 literature were included, including 2980 cases in the case group and 3649 cases in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed no significant association of the THBD c.1418 C> T polymorphisms with the occurrence of VTE (T vs C: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 0.93-1.48; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.75-1.33; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 0.94-1.59). Subgroup analyses revealed an increased risk of VTE in Asian populations due to THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms (T vs C: OR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.06-2.07; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.13-2.85; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.07-2.32). THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms increased the risk of DVT (T vs C: OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.24-1.85; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.10-3.12; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.28-2.11). THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms reduced the risk of VTE in non-Asian populations (TT vs CT+CC: OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.45-0.98). CONCLUSION THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms is associated with VTE in Asian population, which may be a factor in the occurrence of VTE in Asian population. THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms increases the risk of DVT. Given the limitations of this meta-analysis, the conclusions require being further supported by large-scale and high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wang
- Nursing Department, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Luqin Ran
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chomgqing, China
| | - Yanzhen Tian
- Nursing Department, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yunrui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chomgqing, China
| | - Jinhua Yi
- Operating Theater, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan He
- Nursing Department, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
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5
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Giri H, Biswas I, Rezaie AR. Thrombomodulin: a multifunctional receptor modulating the endothelial quiescence. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:905-914. [PMID: 38266676 PMCID: PMC10960680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a type 1 receptor best known for its function as an anticoagulant cofactor for thrombin activation of protein C on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. In addition to its anticoagulant cofactor function, TM also regulates fibrinolysis, complement, and inflammatory pathways. TM is a multidomain receptor protein with a lectin-like domain at its N-terminus that has been shown to exhibit direct anti-inflammatory functions. This domain is followed by 6 epidermal growth factor-like domains that support the interaction of TM with thrombin. The interaction inhibits the procoagulant function of thrombin and enables the protease to regulate the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways by activating protein C and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. TM has a Thr/Ser-rich region immediately above the membrane surface that harbors chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, and this region is followed by a single-spanning transmembrane and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The structure and physiological function of the extracellular domains of TM have been extensively studied, and numerous excellent review articles have been published. However, the physiological function of the cytoplasmic domain of TM has remained poorly understood. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that intracellular signaling by the cytoplasmic domain of TM plays key roles in maintaining quiescence by modulating phosphatase and tensin homolog signaling in endothelial cells. This article briefly reviews the structure and function of extracellular domains of TM and focuses on the mechanism and possible physiological importance of the cytoplasmic domain of TM in modulating phosphatase and tensin homolog signaling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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6
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Oda H, Nagamatsu T, Iriyama T, Osuga Y. Altered release of thrombomodulin and HMGB1 in the placenta complicated with preeclampsia. Placenta 2024; 148:12-19. [PMID: 38330539 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication due to placental dysfunction. Thrombomodulin (TM), a glycoprotein expressed on the trophoblast cell membrane, plays an organ-protective role in the placenta by regulating coagulation and inflammation. TM-mediated regulation of High Mobility Group Box1(HMGB1) is an essential mechanism that contributes to placental homeostasis and prevents pregnancy complications in mice. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of placental TM and HMGB1 in the pathophysiology of human PE. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, maternal blood serum and placental tissue were obtained from 72 PE patients and 110 normal controls. Soluble TM(sTM) and HMGB1 levels in the maternal serum were assessed. The placental TM and HMGB1 expression levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Serum sTM and HMGB1 levels gradually increased with gestational age in normal pregnancies; however, both circulating sTM and HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in the PE group. Serum HMGB1/sTM ratio was elevated in PE patients compared to that in normal controls, which correlated positively with the clinical severity of PE. The immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the loss of TM and the increase in extranuclear HMGB1. TM mRNA expression was diminished in PE placentas, which negatively correlated with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) expression. DISCUSSION The increase in circulating sTM and HMGB1 could be attributed to the enhanced placental TM shedding in PE patients. The molecular events mediated by the imbalance in the placental TM and HMGB1 levels could be an underlying feature of PE; maternal serum HMGB1/sTM ratio could reflect this status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ho JW, Dawood ZS, Taylor ME, Liggett MR, Jin G, Jaishankar D, Nadig SN, Bharat A, Alam HB. THE NEUROENDOTHELIAL AXIS IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: MECHANISMS OF MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION, NOVEL THERAPIES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. Shock 2024; 61:346-359. [PMID: 38517237 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often initiates a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which can potentially culminate into multiorgan dysfunction. A central player in this cascade is endotheliopathy, caused by perturbations in homeostatic mechanisms governed by endothelial cells due to injury-induced coagulopathy, heightened sympathoadrenal response, complement activation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. Unique to TBI is the potential disruption of the blood-brain barrier, which may expose neuronal antigens to the peripheral immune system and permit neuroinflammatory mediators to enter systemic circulation, propagating endotheliopathy systemically. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the "neuroendothelial axis" underlying endothelial dysfunction after TBI, identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and explore therapeutic strategies targeting these interactions, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes after severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie W Ho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zaiba Shafik Dawood
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meredith E Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marjorie R Liggett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guang Jin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Lagger C, Ursu E, Equey A, Avelar RA, Pisco AO, Tacutu R, de Magalhães JP. scDiffCom: a tool for differential analysis of cell-cell interactions provides a mouse atlas of aging changes in intercellular communication. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1446-1461. [PMID: 37919434 PMCID: PMC10645595 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of intercellular communication is a hallmark of aging. To better quantify and explore changes in intercellular communication, we present scDiffCom and scAgeCom. scDiffCom is an R package, relying on approximately 5,000 curated ligand-receptor interactions, that performs differential intercellular communication analysis between two conditions from single-cell transcriptomics data. Built upon scDiffCom, scAgeCom is an atlas of age-related cell-cell communication changes covering 23 mouse tissues from 58 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from Tabula Muris Senis and the Calico murine aging cell atlas. It offers a comprehensive resource of tissue-specific and sex-specific aging dysregulations and highlights age-related intercellular communication changes widespread across the whole body, such as the upregulation of immune system processes and inflammation, the downregulation of developmental processes, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix organization and the deregulation of lipid metabolism. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of the specific ligands, receptors and cell types regulating these processes. The atlas is available online ( https://scagecom.org ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lagger
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eugen Ursu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anaïs Equey
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto A Avelar
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Oliveira Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Insitro, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Robi Tacutu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Nguyen HO, Tiberio L, Facchinetti F, Ripari G, Violi V, Villetti G, Salvi V, Bosisio D. Modulation of Human Dendritic Cell Functions by Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors: Potential Relevance for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2254. [PMID: 37765223 PMCID: PMC10535230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) are small-molecule drugs that, by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP in immune cells, elicit a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects. As such, PDE4 inhibitors are actively studied as therapeutic options in a variety of human diseases characterized by an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are checkpoints of the inflammatory and immune responses, being responsible for both activation and dampening depending on their activation status. This review shows evidence that PDE4 inhibitors modulate inflammatory DC activation by decreasing the secretion of inflammatory and Th1/Th17-polarizing cytokines, although preserving the expression of costimulatory molecules and the CD4+ T cell-activating potential. In addition, DCs activated in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors induce a preferential Th2 skewing of effector T cells, retain the secretion of Th2-attracting chemokines and increase the production of T cell regulatory mediators, such as IDO1, TSP-1, VEGF-A and Amphiregulin. Finally, PDE4 inhibitors selectively induce the expression of the surface molecule CD141/Thrombomodulin/BDCA-3. The result of such fine-tuning is immunomodulatory DCs that are distinct from those induced by classical anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. The possible implications for the treatment of respiratory disorders (such as COPD, asthma and COVID-19) by PDE4 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Ripari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Violi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Gino Villetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
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10
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Huang SE, Kuo CH, Shiao SY, Shen CR, Lee FT, Chang BI, Hsu JH, Wu HL, Yeh JL, Lai CH. Soluble CD93 lectin-like domain sequesters HMGB1 to ameliorate inflammatory diseases. Theranostics 2023; 13:4059-4078. [PMID: 37554277 PMCID: PMC10405849 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: CD93, a C-type lectin-like transmembrane glycoprotein, can be shed in a soluble form (sCD93) upon inflammatory stimuli. sCD93 effectively enhances apoptotic cell clearance and has been proposed as an inflammatory disease biomarker. The function of sCD93 involved directly in inflammation remains to be determined. Herein, we attempted to examine the hypothesis that sCD93 might sequester proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), exerting anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: Different forms of soluble recombinant human CD93 (rCD93) were prepared by a mammalian protein expression system. rCD93-HMGB1 interaction was assessed using co-immunoprecipitation and solid-phase binding assays. Effects of soluble rCD93 were evaluated in HMGB1-induced macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) activation and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis, CaCl2-induced and angiotensin II-infused abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation and ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis in mice. Results: Protein binding studies revealed that soluble rCD93, via the lectin-like domain (D1), can bind to HMGB1 and intercept HMGB1-receptor interaction. Soluble rCD93 containing D1 inhibited HMGB1-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in macrophages and VSMCs, thereby attenuating CaCl2-induced and angiotensin II-infused AAA models. During osteoclastogenesis, RANKL stimulated HMGB1 secretion that promoted RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in return. Soluble rCD93 containing D1 impeded RANKL-induced osteoclastogenic marker gene expression and intracellular MAPK/NF-κB signaling, thereby mitigating ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of soluble recombinant CD93 containing D1 in inflammatory diseases. Our study highlights a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism, i.e., sequestration of HMGB1, through which sCD93 prevents HMGB1-receptor interaction on effector cells and alleviates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-En Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yu Shiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Ing Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Li J, Zhu CS, He L, Qiang X, Chen W, Wang H. A two-decade journey in identifying high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and procathepsin L (pCTS-L) as potential therapeutic targets for sepsis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:575-591. [PMID: 37477229 PMCID: PMC10530501 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2239495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial infections and resultant sepsis are leading causes of death in hospitals, representing approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Despite the difficulties in translating experimental insights into effective therapies for often heterogenous patient populations, an improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying experimental sepsis is still urgently needed. Sepsis is partly attributable to dysregulated innate immune responses manifested by hyperinflammation and immunosuppression at different stages of microbial infections. AREAS COVERED Here we review our recent progress in searching for late-acting mediators of experimental sepsis and propose high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and procathepsin-L (pCTS-L) as potential therapeutic targets for improving outcomes of lethal sepsis and other infectious diseases. EXPERT OPINION It will be important to evaluate the efficacy of HMGB1- or pCTS-L-targeting agents for the clinical management of human sepsis and other infectious diseases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Cassie Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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12
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Cusack R, Bos LD, Povoa P, Martin-Loeches I. Endothelial dysfunction triggers acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis: a narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1203827. [PMID: 37332755 PMCID: PMC10272540 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1203827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe organ failure occurring mainly in critically ill patients as a result of different types of insults such as sepsis, trauma or aspiration. Sepsis is the main cause of ARDS, and it contributes to a high mortality and resources consumption both in hospital setting and in the community. ARDS develops mainly an acute respiratory failure with severe and often refractory hypoxemia. ARDS also has long term implications and sequelae. Endothelial damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Understanding the mechanisms of ARDS presents opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Biochemical signals can be used in concert to identify and classify patients into ARDS phenotypes allowing earlier effective treatment with personalised therapies. This is a narrative review where we aimed to flesh out the pathogenetic mechanisms and heterogeneity of ARDS. We examine the links between endothelium damage and its contribution to organ failure. We have also investigated future strategies for treatment with a special emphasis in endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Cusack
- Department of Intensive Care, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lieuwe D. Bos
- Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pedro Povoa
- NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, OUH Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, CHLO, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Sloos PH, Maas MAW, Meijers JCM, Nieuwland R, Roelofs JJTH, Juffermans NP, Kleinveld DJB. Anti-high-mobility group box-1 treatment strategies improve trauma-induced coagulopathy in a mouse model of trauma and shock. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:687-697. [PMID: 36967283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma-induced coagulopathy is associated with platelet dysfunction and contributes to early mortality after traumatic injury. Plasma concentrations of the damage molecule high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) increase after trauma, which may contribute to platelet dysfunction. We hypothesised that inhibition of HMGB-1 with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or with recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) improves trauma-induced coagulopathy in a murine model of trauma and shock. METHODS Male 129S2/SvPasOrlRJ mice were anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated, and randomised into five groups: (i) ventilation control (VENT), (ii) trauma/shock (TS), (iii) TS+anti-HMGB-1 mAb (TS+AB), (iv) TS+rTM (TS+TM), and (v) TS+anti-HMGB-1 mAb+rTM (TS+COMBI). Primary outcome was rotational thromboelastometry EXTEM. Secondary outcomes included tail bleeding time, platelet count, plasma HMGB-1 concentration, and platelet activation. RESULTS Trauma and shock resulted in a hypocoagulable thromboelastometry profile, increased plasma HMGB-1, and increased platelet activation markers. TS+AB was associated with improved clot firmness after 5 min compared with TS (34 [33-37] vs 32 [29-34] mm; P=0.043). TS+COMBI was associated with decreased clot formation time (98 [92-125] vs 122 [111-148] s; P=0.018) and increased alpha angle (77 [72-78] vs 69 [64-71] degrees; P=0.003) compared with TS. TS+COMBI also reduced tail bleeding time compared with TS (P=0.007). The TS+TM and TS+COMBI groups had higher platelet counts compared with TS (P=0.044 and P=0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of HMGB-1 early after trauma in a mouse model improves clot formation and strength, preserves platelet count, and decreases bleeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter H Sloos
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Adrie W Maas
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Sanquin Research, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Derek J B Kleinveld
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Department of Anesthesiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Turan A, Zhang L, Tarique M, Ulker V, Arguc FN, Badal D, Yolcu ES, Shirwan H. Engineering pancreatic islets with a novel form of thrombomodulin protein to overcome early graft loss triggered by instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:619-628. [PMID: 36863480 PMCID: PMC10318623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is initiated by innate immune responses that cause substantial islet loss after intraportal transplantation. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a multifaceted innate immune modulator. In this study, we report the generation of a chimeric form of thrombomodulin with streptavidin (SA-TM) for transient display on the surface of islets modified with biotin to mitigate IBMIR. SA-TM protein expressed in insect cells showed the expected structural and functional features. SA-TM converted protein C into activated protein C, blocked phagocytosis of xenogeneic cells by mouse macrophages and inhibited neutrophil activation. SA-TM was effectively displayed on the surface of biotinylated islets without a negative effect on their viability or function. Islets engineered with SA-TM showed improved engraftment and established euglycemia in 83% of diabetic recipients when compared with 29% of recipients transplanted with SA-engineered islets as control in a syngeneic minimal mass intraportal transplantation model. Enhanced engraftment and function of SA-TM-engineered islets were associated with the inhibition of intragraft proinflammatory innate cellular and soluble mediators of IBMIR, such as macrophages, neutrophils, high-mobility group box 1, tissue factor, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ. Transient display of SA-TM protein on the islet surface to modulate innate immune responses causing islet graft destruction has clinical potential for autologous and allogeneic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Turan
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA
| | - Vahap Ulker
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA
| | - Feyza Nur Arguc
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA
| | - Darshan Badal
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA
| | - Esma S Yolcu
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA.
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Child Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA; NextGen Precision Health,University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri,USA.
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15
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Turner S, Khan MA, Putrino D, Woodcock A, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Long COVID: pathophysiological factors and abnormalities of coagulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:321-344. [PMID: 37080828 PMCID: PMC10113134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute COVID-19 infection is followed by prolonged symptoms in approximately one in ten cases: known as Long COVID. The disease affects ~65 million individuals worldwide. Many pathophysiological processes appear to underlie Long COVID, including viral factors (persistence, reactivation, and bacteriophagic action of SARS CoV-2); host factors (chronic inflammation, metabolic and endocrine dysregulation, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity); and downstream impacts (tissue damage from the initial infection, tissue hypoxia, host dysbiosis, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction). These mechanisms culminate in the long-term persistence of the disorder characterized by a thrombotic endothelialitis, endothelial inflammation, hyperactivated platelets, and fibrinaloid microclots. These abnormalities of blood vessels and coagulation affect every organ system and represent a unifying pathway for the various symptoms of Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Turner
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - M Asad Khan
- North West Lung Centre, Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - David Putrino
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashley Woodcock
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, CityLabs, Manchester, M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Kemitorvet, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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16
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Kashyap R, Anwer F, Iqbal MA, Khalid F, Khan A, Ali MA, Anwar MY, Chaudhary A, Jaan A. Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Thrombomodulin for the Prophylaxis of Veno-Occlusive Complication in Allogeneiccit Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2023; 16:93-101. [PMID: 34655527 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also termed as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a lethal complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Various factors put patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT at an increased risk for VOD. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an important factor which has a wide range of effects, including anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and protective effect, on endothelial cells. It plays a role in preventing excessive coagulation and thrombosis by binding with thrombin and inhibiting the coagulation cascade. There are a limited number of options for the prevention of this fatal complication. Recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), an endothelial anticoagulant co-factor, as prophylactic therapy might be able to prevent veno-occlusive complications after stem cell transplantation. METHODS A literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We used the following Mesh terms and Emtree terms, "Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Diseases" OR "Sinusoidal Obstruction" OR "Stem Cell Transplantations " AND "Thrombomodulin" from the inception of data up to April 1, 2021. The PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) framework was used for the literature search. RESULTS For the VOD incidence after HSCTstem cell transplantation, the result was in favor of rTM with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.53 (I2 = 0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.89). The incidence of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after HSCT was reduced in rTM group. The RR for incidence of TA-TMA was 0.48 (I2 = 62%, 95% CI = 0.20-1.17) favoring rTM. The RR for incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was also lower in rTM group, 0.48 (I2 = 64%, 95% CI = 0.32-0.72). CONCLUSION In our meta-analysis, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTM in the prevention of SOS after HSCT. According to our results, rTM use led to a significant reduction in SOS episodes, TA-TMA, and GvHD after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Associate Professor of Medicine Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Multiple Myeloma Program, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Center, 10201 Carnegie Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | - Anam Khan
- All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Ali Jaan
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
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17
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Nomura S, Ichikawa J, Shimizu T, Ishiura Y, Okada M, Ishii K, Ito T. Association of High Mobility Group Box-Protein 1 and Platelet Microparticles in Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231193398. [PMID: 37563884 PMCID: PMC10422918 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231193398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) significantly impact transplant outcomes. We focused on high mobility group box-protein (HMGB)1, one causative agent of thrombotic lesions in allo-HSCT, and investigated its association with platelets. We statistically analyzed available data from 172 patients with hematopoietic malignancies receiving allo-HSCT. A significant enhancement of monocyte-chemotactant protein-1, HMGB1, and platelet-derived microparticle (PDMP) levels was observed at day 0 after transplantation as compared to pre-transplantation. Multivariate analysis of the association among HMGB1 and 16 factors on day 0 revealed a significant correlation of HMGB1 levels with thrombin-antithrombin complex, interleukin-6, and PDMPs. High mobility group box-protein 1-induced procoagulant platelet induction and PDMP generation were performed in vitro using healthy platelets. High mobility group box-protein 1-induced PDMP generation was suppressed by toll-like receptor inhibitors and recombinant thrombomodulin. These results suggest that HMGB1 contributes to platelet activation in patients after allo-HSCT and is associated with PDMP-related thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosaku Nomura
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Jun Ichikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shimizu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ishiura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Masaya Okada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishii
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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18
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Kono H, Hosomura N, Amemiya H, Kawaida H, Furuya S, Shoda K, Akaike H, Kawaguchi Y, Ichikawa D. Recombinant Human Thrombomodulin Reduces Mortality and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Septic Peritonitis in Rats. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:159-167. [PMID: 36706425 PMCID: PMC10563402 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis in rats. Rats that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were treated with or without rhTM, and then mortality was analyzed. In another set of experiments, ALI was assessed. Furthermore, microthrombosis in the lungs was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, plasma inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1), and IL-10, were evaluated by ELISA. Production of TNF-α and HMGB-1 by isolated tissue macrophages (Mφs) was assessed in vitro. Mortality after CLP was significantly improved by rhTM treatment. In addition, rhTM treatment improved the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, the pulmonary microvascular permeability, and the lung injury scores in animals that underwent CLP. Microthrombosis was detected in the lungs after CLP. These pathophysiological changes were blunted by rhTM treatment. Increased plasma TNF-α and HMGB-1 levels were blunted by rhTM treatment; however, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly greater in the rhTM(+) group than in the rhTM(-) group. Increased TNF-α and HMGB-1 production by the tissue Mφs stimulated with LPS were significantly blunted by rhTM treatment in vitro, but the production of IL-10 by the tissue Mφs was not changed in the cells incubated with rhTM. Overall, rhTM improved the mortality caused by septic peritonitis. The possible mechanisms are most likely anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects, which lead to the prevention of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hosomura
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Amemiya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawaida
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Furuya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaike
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawaguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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19
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Yang J, Xu X, Han S, Qi J, Li X, Pan T, Zhang R, Han Y. Comparison of multiple treatments in the management of transplant-related thrombotic microangiopathy: a network meta-analysis. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:31-39. [PMID: 36547721 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-05069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a fatal post-transplant complication. It has a high mortality rate and worse prognosis, but treatment strategies remain controversial. We screened 6 out of 3453 studies on the treatment of TA-TMA. These investigations compared 5 treatment strategies with a network meta-analysis approach. The final outcome was the proportion of patients who responded to these therapies. There were significant differences in response rates for each treatment. Achieving analysis through direct and indirect evidence in the rank probabilities shows that rTM (recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin) is most likely to be rank 1 (64.98%), Eculizumab intervention rank 2 (48.66%), ISM (immunosuppression manipulation) rank 3 (32.24%), TPE (therapeutic plasma exchange) intervention rank 4 (69.56%), and supportive care intervention rank 5 (70.20%). Eculizumab and ISM have significantly higher efficacy than supportive care (odds ratio (OR): 18.04, 18.21 respectively); and TPE having lower efficacy than all other TA-TMA therapies exception to supportive care. In our study, rTM and Eculizumab may be the best choice when treating TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqian Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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20
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Yokoyama H, Tateishi K, Baba Y, Kobayashi A, Hashimoto M, Fukuda S, Yamao H, Maruyama T, Nakata M, Matsushita M. Thrombin cleaves recombinant soluble thrombomodulin into a lectin-like domain fragment and a fragment with protein C-activating cofactor activity. Biosci Trends 2022; 16:444-446. [PMID: 36450579 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane protein that plays an important role in regulating the coagulation system by acting as a cofactor for thrombin in protein C activation. Additionally, TM is involved in inflammation. Previous studies have shown that soluble fragments of TM of varying sizes, which are derived from membrane-bound TM, are present in plasma and urine. Soluble fragments of TM are speculated to exhibit biological activity. Among these, a lectin-like domain fragment (TMD1) is of particular importance. Recombinant TMD1 has previously been shown to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Here, we report that thrombin cleaves recombinant soluble TM, which is used for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with sepsis, into TMD1 and a fragment comprising the C-terminal portion of TM (TMD23), the latter of which retains the cofactor activity for activating protein C. Our findings suggest that thrombin not only activates protein C on membrane-bound TM but may also cleave TM to generate TMD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirota Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tateishi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Yurie Baba
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Akina Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Manami Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Shion Fukuda
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Hinano Yamao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Taiga Maruyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Munehiro Nakata
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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21
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Hayashi M, Fujita M, Abe K, Takahashi A, Ohira H. Changes in platelet levels and prognosis in patients with acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31438. [PMID: 36482586 PMCID: PMC9726366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for acute liver failure (ALF) and late-onset hepatic failure (LOHF) still have room for improvement. Recent studies have reported an association between platelets and the pathophysiology of ALF. In this study, we investigated changes in platelet levels and clinical findings in ALF and LOHF patients. We retrospectively investigated the clinical data of 62 patients with ALF and LOHF. We analyzed the association between changes in platelet levels for 7 days after admission and the prognosis in patients with ALF and LOHF. The factors associated with changes in platelet levels were also analyzed. The platelet levels on days 1, 3, and 7 were significantly lower in the patients who died or underwent liver transplantation than in the spontaneous survivors. Administration of recombinant thrombomodulin was associated with spontaneous survival. The platelet levels in patients who met the King's College Hospital Criteria or the Japanese scoring system (JSS) for ALF ≥ 4 were significantly decreased 7 days after admission. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of a JSS score of 3 for predicting low platelet levels on day 7 was 0.903. Decreased platelet levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with ALF and LOHF. The patients with low platelet levels and JSS scores on admission showed a high AUROC for predicting low platelet levels on day 7. Decreased platelet levels after admission may be a simple prognostic marker in ALF and LOHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Manabu Hayashi, Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Kakino Y, Doi T, Okada H, Suzuki K, Takada C, Tomita H, Asano H, Kano S, Wakayama Y, Okuda T, Fukuda H, Nishio A, Kawasaki Y, Kuroda A, Shimada T, Takashima S, Suzuki K, Yoshimura G, Kamidani R, Yasuda R, Fukuta T, Kitagawa Y, Okamoto H, Miyake T, Suzuki A, Yoshida T, Tetsuka N, Yoshida S, Ogura S. Recombinant thrombomodulin may protect cardiac capillary endothelial glycocalyx through promoting Glypican-1 expression under experimental endotoxemia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11262. [PMID: 36353180 PMCID: PMC9637643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myocardial dysfunction occurs in patients with sepsis due to vascular endothelial injury. Recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) attenuates vascular endothelial injuries through endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) protection. Hypothesis We hypothesized that rhTM attenuates myocardial dysfunction via the inhibition of vascular endothelial injury during sepsis. Methods Ten-week-old male C57BL6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In rhTM-treated mice, rhTM was injected intraperitoneally at 3 and 24 h after LPS injection. Saline was injected intraperitoneally as control. To assess for eGC injury, intensity score was measured 48 h after the LPS injection. To confirm vascular endothelial injuries, ultrastructural analysis was performed using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The survival rate of the rhTM group at 48 h after LPS injection was significantly higher than that of the control group (68% vs. 17%, p < 0.05). The serum level of troponin I in the rhTM group was lower than that in the control (2.2 ± 0.4 ng/dL vs 9.4 ± 1.1 ng/dL, p < 0.05). The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was attenuated in the rhTM-treated group than in the control (65.3 ± 15.3 ng/mL vs 226.3 ± 19.4 ng/mL, p < 0.05). The serum concentration of syndecan-1, a marker of glycocalyx damage, was significantly decreased 48 h post-administration of LPS in the rhTM-treated group than in the control group. In ultrastructural analysis using SEM and TEM, eGC peeled off from the surface of the capillary lumen in the control. Conversely, the eGC injury was attenuated in the rhTM group. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that osteomodulin, osteoglycin proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, and glypican-1, which are proteoglycans, were preserved by rhTM treatment. Their protein expression was retained in endothelial cells. Conclusion rhTM attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via eGC protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kakino
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kodai Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asano
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kano
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yugo Wakayama
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Okuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayane Nishio
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuroda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuto Shimada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Infection Control, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshimura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamidani
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryu Yasuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuta
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kitagawa
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruka Okamoto
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tetsuka
- Department of Infection Control, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Abuse Prevention Center, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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23
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Yamaguchi M, Tashiro H, Kuroda S, Okimoto S, Kobayashi T, Hinoi T, Ohdan H. Downregulation of thrombomodulin contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice with steatotic liver. Hepatol Res 2022; 52:762-772. [PMID: 35714128 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most critical complications commonly associated with liver surgery, including liver transplantation. Steatotic livers are particularly vulnerable to IR injury. However, the underlying mechanisms of this increased susceptibility have not fully been understood. In the present study, we used heterogeneous thrombomodulin (TM)-knockout (KO) (TM+/- ) mice, which express about 50% functional activity of TM as compared with wild type, to investigate whether dysregulation of TM enhances IR injury in steatotic livers. METHODS Steatotic livers were induced using choline-deficient diets (CDD) in mice. The biological activity of TM was assessed using the productivity of protein C. Susceptibility to IR injury was compared between steatotic livers and non-steatotic livers and also assessed in TM-KO mice. We investigated whether recombinant TM (rTM) and the lectin-like domain of TM (rTM-D1) ameliorated IR injury in steatotic livers. RESULTS Protein C activity was significantly decreased to less than 20% in CDD-fed mice compared with mice with non-steatotic livers. Steatotic livers showed exaggerated IR injury compared with non-steatotic livers. Recombinant TM (rTM) and the lectin-like domain of TM (rTM-D1), which has anti-inflammatory effects, ameliorated IR injury in steatotic livers. TM+/- mice showed increased susceptibility to IR injury, and rTM ameliorated the increased IR injury in TM+/- mice. CONCLUSION We conclude that downregulation of TM increases susceptibility to hepatic IR injury in steatotic livers and that rTM ameliorates hepatic IR injury through anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tashiro
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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24
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Sloos PH, Vulliamy P, van 't Veer C, Gupta AS, Neal MD, Brohi K, Juffermans NP, Kleinveld DJB. Platelet dysfunction after trauma: From mechanisms to targeted treatment. Transfusion 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S281-S300. [PMID: 35748694 PMCID: PMC9546174 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter H. Sloos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Vulliamy
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center and Division of Trauma and Acute Care SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Karim Brohi
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicole P. Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineOLVG HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Derek J. B. Kleinveld
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Voelker MT, Hechaichi N, Ndongson-Dongmo B, Lemm J, Heller R, Bauer R, Conway EM, Theilmeier G, Stehr SN. Role of the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin in septic cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2022; 306:120830. [PMID: 35872006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Septic cardiomyopathy is a severe complication of sepsis and septic shock. This study aimed to evaluate the role of thrombomodulin and its lectin-like domain (LLD-TM) in the development of septic cardiomyopathy and the link between LLD-TM, HMGB-1, and toll-like receptors 2/4 (TLR 2/4) to intracellular mechanisms resulting in reduced cardiac function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sepsis was induced using a polymicrobial peritoneal infection model in wildtype and mice lacking the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin (TMLeD/LeD), and severity of disease and cardiac function was compared. Cell cultures of cardiomyocytes were prepared from hearts harvested from wildtype and TMLeD/LeD mice. Cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes were transfected with complete human thrombomodulin or human thrombomodulin deficient of LLD-TM and when TLR-2 and/or TLR-4 were blocked. All cultures were challenged with inflammatory stimuli. KEY FINDINGS Lack of the LLD-TM results in a significant increase in severity of disease, decreased survival and impaired cardiac function in septic mice. In vivo and in vitro analyses of cardiomyocytes displayed high levels of inflammatory cytokines causing cardio-depression. In vitro results showed a strong correlation between elevated HMGB-1 levels and elevated troponin-1 levels. No connection was found between HMGB-1 and TLR-2 and/or -4 signalling pathways. Phospholamban mediated dysregulation of calcium homeostasis resulted in a general impairment after sepsis induction, but showed no connection to LLD-TM. SIGNIFICANCE Lack of LLD-TM results in an increase in general severity of disease, decreased survival and impaired cardiac function in sepsis. TLR-2 and TLR 4 do not participate as mediating factors in the development of septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresa Voelker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nadine Hechaichi
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Bernadin Ndongson-Dongmo
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Lemm
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhardt Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Edward M Conway
- UBC Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Division of Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian N Stehr
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
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26
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Boron M, Hauzer-Martin T, Keil J, Sun XL. Circulating Thrombomodulin: Release Mechanisms, Measurements, and Levels in Diseases and Medical Procedures. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e194-e212. [PMID: 36046203 PMCID: PMC9273331 DOI: 10.1055/a-1801-2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a type-I transmembrane protein that is mainly expressed on endothelial cells and plays important roles in many biological processes. Circulating TM of different forms are also present in biofluids, such as blood and urine. Soluble TM (sTM), comprised of several domains of TM, is the major circulating TM which is generated by either enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the intact protein under different conditions. Under normal conditions, sTM is present in low concentrations (<10 ng/mL) in the blood but is elevated in several pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, infection, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, sTM level has been examined for monitoring disease development, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently. In addition, microvesicles (MVs) that contain membrane TM (MV-TM) have been found to be released from activated cells which also contribute to levels of circulating TM in certain diseases. Several release mechanisms of sTM and MV-TM have been reported, including enzymatic, chemical, and TM mutation mechanisms. Measurements of sTM and MV-TM have been developed and explored as biomarkers in many diseases. In this review, we summarize all these advances in three categories as follows: (1) release mechanisms of circulating TM, (2) methods for measuring circulating TM in biological samples, and (3) correlation of circulating TM with diseases. Altogether, it provides a whole picture of recent advances on circulating TM in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallorie Boron
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Tiffany Hauzer-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph Keil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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27
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Yu S, Qian L, Ma J. Genetic alterations, RNA expression profiling and DNA methylation of HMGB1 in malignancies. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4322-4332. [PMID: 35765707 PMCID: PMC9344825 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in various human diseases. However, a systematic, comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis of HMGB1 in human cancers remains to be reported. This study analysed the genetic alteration, RNA expression profiling and DNA methylation of HMGB1 in more than 30 types of tumours. It is worth noting that HMGB1 is overexpressed in malignant tissues, including lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and thymoma (THYM). Interestingly, there is a positive correlation between the high expression of HMGB1 and the high survival prognosis of THYM. Finally, this study comprehensively evaluates the genetic variation of HMGB1 in human malignant tumours. As a prospective biomarker of COVID‐19, the role that HMGB1 plays in THYM is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukai Yu
- Hongqiao International Institue of Medicine & Clinical Research Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingmei Qian
- Hongqiao International Institue of Medicine & Clinical Research Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hongqiao International Institue of Medicine & Clinical Research Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Oda H, Nagamatsu T, Osuga Y. Thrombomodulin and pregnancy in the limelight: Insights into the therapeutic aspect of thrombomodulin in pregnancy complications. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1040-1055. [PMID: 35191182 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the endothelial cell functioning as a cofactor in the anticoagulation system. However, aside from anticoagulation, recent studies have revealed its multiple organ protective roles such as anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, which may redefine the function of TM. Although TM is predominantly expressed on placental trophoblasts, the physiological role of TM during pregnancy remains unclear. Because the understanding of TM function has drastically progressed, these new discoveries shed light on the unknown activities of placental TM. Moreover, the clinical application of recombinant TM (rTM) has opened the possibility of TM as a therapeutic target for pregnancy complications. OBJECTIVES Here, we comprehensively review the studies elucidating the role of TM during pregnancy from both classic and newly discovered perspectives, and seek for its potential as a therapeutic target for pregnancy complications. METHODS Basic research using trophoblast cells and transgenic mice, as well as cohort studies of inherited TM deficiency and clinical trials of rTM were summarized, which led us to further discuss the clinical application of rTM as a novel therapeutic for pregnancy complications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Accumulating evidence suggest the relevance of placental TM deficiency in pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. Most importantly, promising results in animal studies and clinical trials further assure the possibility of rTM as an optimal therapeutic for such conditions. The therapeutic potential of TM raised throughout this review could drastically change the clinical approach to pregnancy complication and improve maternal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Losada PX, DeLaura I, Narváez CF. Dengue Virus and Platelets: From the Biology to the Clinic. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:349-358. [PMID: 35483090 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral illnesses found in tropical and subtropical regions. Colombia has one of the highest rates of dengue cases in the Americas. Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection presents with capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and organ compromise, eventually leading to death. Over the years, there have been many efforts to develop a vaccine that guarantees protective immunity, but they have been partially successful, as such immunity would need to guarantee protection against four distinct viral serotypes. Absolute platelet count is a laboratory parameter used to monitor the clinical progression of DENV, as infection is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Although this finding is well described with respect to the natural history of the disease, there are various hypotheses as to the cause of this rapid decrease, and several in vivo and ex vivo models have been used to explain the effect of DENV infection on platelets and their precursors. DENV infects and activates platelets, facilitating their elimination through recognition by phagocytic cells and peripheral margination. However, infection also affects the precursors in the bone marrow by modulating megakaryopoiesis. The objective of this article is to explore various proposed mechanisms of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of this highly relevant viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Isabel DeLaura
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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Takaki W, Konishi H, Matsubara D, Shoda K, Arita T, Kataoka S, Shibamoto J, Furuke H, Takabatake K, Shimizu H, Komatsu S, Shiozaki A, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Role of Extracellular High-Mobility Group Box-1 as a Therapeutic Target of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063264. [PMID: 35328684 PMCID: PMC8953630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is involved in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of various cancers. The present study investigated the roles of extracellular HMGB1 in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) and the therapeutic effects of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) targeting HMGB1. Methods: The effects of extracellular HMGB1 and rTM on GC cells were assessed using proliferation and Transwell assays. Their effects on local tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated using subcutaneous tumor and liver metastasis mouse models, respectively. Plasma HMGB1 concentrations in GC patients were measured using ELISA. The relationships between plasma HMGB1 concentrations and the prognosis and clinicopathological factors of patients were also investigated. Results: GC proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were promoted by increases in extracellular HMGB1 concentrations and alleviated by rTM. In the subcutaneous tumor model, local tumor growth was promoted by the addition of rhHMGB1 and alleviated by rTM. Similar changes occurred in the liver metastasis model. Recurrence-free survival (p < 0.01) and overall survival (p = 0.01) were significantly worse in patients with high plasma HMGB1 concentrations. Conclusion: Plasma HMGB1 concentrations are a prognostic marker in GC patients. Extracellular HMGB1 promotes cancer progression and has potential as a novel treatment target in GC cells for rTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5527; Fax: +81-75-251-5522
| | - Daiki Matsubara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Satoshi Kataoka
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Jun Shibamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Hirotaka Furuke
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Kazuya Takabatake
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (W.T.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (K.T.); (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (E.O.)
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Tsai MS, Wang LC, Wu HL, Tzeng SF, Conway EM, Hsu SM, Chen SH. Absence of the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin reduces HSV-1 lethality of mice with increased microglia responses. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:66. [PMID: 35277184 PMCID: PMC8915510 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can induce fatal encephalitis. Cellular factors regulate the host immunity to affect the severity of HSV-1 encephalitis. Recent reports focus on the significance of thrombomodulin (TM), especially the domain 1, lectin-like domain (TM-LeD), which modulates the immune responses to bacterial infections and toxins and various diseases in murine models. Few studies have investigated the importance of TM-LeD in viral infections, which are also regulated by the host immunity. Methods In vivo studies comparing wild-type and TM-LeD knockout mice were performed to determine the role of TM-LeD on HSV-1 lethality. In vitro studies using brain microglia cultured from mice or a human microglia cell line to investigate whether and how TM-LeD affects microglia to reduce HSV-1 replication in brain neurons cultured from mice or in a human neuronal cell line. Results Absence of TM-LeD decreased the mortality, tissue viral loads, and brain neuron apoptosis of HSV-1-infected mice with increases in the number, proliferation, and phagocytic activity of brain microglia. Moreover, TM-LeD deficiency enhanced the phagocytic activity of brain microglia cultured from mice or of a human microglia cell line. Co-culture of mouse primary brain microglia and neurons or human microglia and neuronal cell lines revealed that TM-LeD deficiency augmented the capacity of microglia to reduce HSV-1 replication in neurons. Conclusions Overall, TM-LeD suppresses microglia responses to enhance HSV-1 infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02426-w.
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Kuroda H, Tatsumi H, Sonoda T, Masuda Y. A Suggested Link Between Antithrombin Dose and Rate of Recovery from Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Patients with Severe Organ Failure. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221080942. [PMID: 35187966 PMCID: PMC8864266 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221080942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of antithrombin (AT) supplementation against septic disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC) may depend on various pre-existing factors,
particularly the AT dose and multiple organ dysfunction severity. This study
aimed to identify the impactful factors for early DIC recovery. Methods Patients’ clinical records, including AT therapy and septic DIC data, were
retrospectively extracted from January 2015 to December 2020. The patients
were divided into those with early DIC recovery (n = 34) and those without
(n = 37). Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined significant
independent factors. Time-to-event analysis confirmed how these factors
affected the DIC recovery time. Results The AT dose per patient body weight (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]:
2.879 [1.031-8.042], P = 0.044) and pre-existing organ
dysfunction severity (0.333 [0.120-0.920], P = 0.034) were
significant independent factors affecting early DIC recovery. A higher AT
dose significantly shortened the DIC recovery time among patients with
severe organ dysfunction (P < 0.01), but not among
non-severe patients (P = 0.855). Conclusion The therapeutic efficacy of AT treatment for septic DIC might depend on the
severity of pre-existing organ failure and the AT dose per patient body
weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Kuroda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 13035Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tatsumi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 13035Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sonoda
- Department of Public Health, 92187Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Masuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 13035Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Watanabe E, Takasu O, Teratake Y, Sakamoto T, Ikeda T, Kotani J, Kitamura N, Ohmori M, Teratani A, Honda G, Hatano M, Mayer B, Schneider EM, Oda S. A Thrombomodulin Promoter Gene Polymorphism, rs2239562, Influences Both Susceptibility to and Outcome of Sepsis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:762198. [PMID: 35083232 PMCID: PMC8785550 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.762198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Disseminated intravascular coagulation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Thrombomodulin is essential in the protein C system of coagulation cascade, and functional polymorphisms influence the human thrombomodulin gene (THBD). Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate the influence of such polymorphisms on the pathophysiology of sepsis. Methods: A collaborative case-control study in the intensive care unit (ICU) of each of five tertiary emergency centers. The study included 259 patients (of whom 125 displayed severe sepsis), who were admitted to the ICU of Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan between October 2001 and September 2008 (discovery cohort) and 793 patients (of whom 271 patients displayed severe sepsis), who were admitted to the five ICUs between October 2008 and September 2012 (multicenter validation cohort). To assess the susceptibility to severe sepsis, we further selected 222 critically ill patients from the validation cohort matched for age, gender, morbidity, and severity with the patients with severe sepsis, but without any evidence of sepsis. Results: We examined whether the eight THBD single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with susceptibility to and/or mortality of sepsis. Higher mortality on severe sepsis in the discovery and combined cohorts was significantly associated with the CC genotype in a THBD promoter SNP (-1920*C/G; rs2239562) [odds ratio [OR] 2.709 (1.067-6.877), P = 0.033 and OR 1.768 (1.060-2.949), P = 0.028]. Furthermore, rs2239562 SNP was associated with susceptibility to severe sepsis [OR 1.593 (1.086-2.338), P = 0.017]. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that rs2239562, the THBD promoter SNP influences both the outcome and susceptibility to severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,General Medical Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Takasu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Teruo Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ikeda
- Division of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kitamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ohmori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Teratani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Goichi Honda
- Medical Affairs Department, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm Universtiy, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Marion Schneider
- Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shigeto Oda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Ikeda T, Uchiyama M, Iguchi K, Imazuru T, Shimokawa T. Effects of Each Domain in Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Prolongation of Murine Cardiac Allograft Survival. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:487-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Shi J, Xu H, Cavagnaro MJ, Li X, Fang J. Blocking HMGB1/RAGE Signaling by Berberine Alleviates A1 Astrocyte and Attenuates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760186. [PMID: 34867376 PMCID: PMC8634440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction attributable to maladjusted host immune responses to infection, sepsis is usually the common pathway to serious prognosis and death for numerous infectious diseases all over the world. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is frequently complicated by septic conditions, and is one of the most important reasons for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients which is still an urgent clinical problem need to be solved. In this research, a conspicuously discovery of treatment-related translational use for berberine was elaborated. The results revealed that berberine treatment significantly restored cognitive impairment in sepsis mice. Reduced expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1qA were exhibited in the hippocampus of the berberine treatment group, and attenuated effect of declining neo-neuron, activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice with sepsis were also found. Moreover, berberine inhibits microglia-stressed A1 astrocytes by inhibiting HMGB1 signaling was revealed, then the molecular mechanism of HMGB1/RAGE signaling inhibition leads to the better outcome of SAE was elucidated. To summarize, this research indicated that berberine targets HMGB1/RAGE signaling to inhibit microglia-stressed A1 astrocyte and neo-neuron decline, which consequently alleviates sepsis-induced cognitive impairment. Collectively, berberine may serve as potential therapeutic drug and HMGB1/RAGE signaling would be a novel target for medicine development for treating SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xingmei Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Fang
- The Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Huang YH, Kuo CH, Peng IC, Chang YS, Tseng SH, Conway EM, Wu HL. Recombinant thrombomodulin domain 1 rescues pathological angiogenesis by inhibition of HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7681-7692. [PMID: 34705054 PMCID: PMC11072095 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis (PA) contributes to various ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity, which are major causes of blindness over the world. Current treatments focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, but persistent avascular retina, recurrent intravitreal neovascularization, and general adverse effects are reported. We have previously found that recombinant thrombomodulin domain 1 (rTMD1) can suppress vascular inflammation. However, the function of rTMD1 in VEGF-induced PA remains unknown. In this study, we found that rTMD1 inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro. In an oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) animal model, rTMD1 treatment significantly decreased retinal neovascularization but spared normal physiological vessel growth. Furthermore, loss of TMD1 significantly promoted PA in OIR. Meanwhile, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, the transcription factor that upregulates VEGF, was suppressed after rTMD1 treatment. The levels of interleukin-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were also significantly suppressed. In conclusion, our results indicate that rTMD1 not only has dual effects to suppress PA and inflammation in OIR, but also can be a potential HIF-1α inhibitor for clinical use. These data bring forth the possibility of rTMD1 as a novel therapeutic agent for PA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Retinal Neovascularization/genetics
- Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/pathology
- Retinal Neovascularization/prevention & control
- Thrombomodulin/genetics
- Thrombomodulin/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Huei Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Watanabe E, Akamatsu T, Ohmori M, Kato M, Takeuchi N, Ishiwada N, Nishimura R, Hishiki H, Fujimura L, Ito C, Hatano M. Recombinant thrombomodulin attenuates hyper-inflammation and glycocalyx damage in a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced sepsis. Cytokine 2021; 149:155723. [PMID: 34662822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anticoagulant agent recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) activates protein C to prevent excessive coagulation and also possibly regulates hyper-inflammation via neutralization of high-mobility-group B1 (HMG-B1). The glycocalyx layer in endothelial cells also plays a pivotal role in preventing septic shock-associated hyperpermeability. The present study examined the effect of rTM in a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced sepsis. METHODS Male C57BL/6N mice were injected intratracheally via midline cervical incision with 2 × 107 CFU of S. pneumoniae (capsular subtype 19A). Control mice were sham-treated identically but injected with saline. rTM (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 3 h after septic insult. Blood concentrations of soluble inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were determined using a microarray immunoassay. Serum concentrations of HMG-B1 and syndecan-1, as a parameter of glycocalyx damage, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The glycocalyx was also evaluated with electron microscopy. The lungs were removed, and digested to cells, which were then stained with a mixture of fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. Anti-mouse primary antibodies included PE-Cy7-conjugated anti-CD31, AlexaFluor 700-conjugated anti-CD45, PerCP-Cy5.5-conjugated anti-CD326, APC-conjugated anti-TNF-α, PE-conjugated anti-IL-6, and PE-conjugated anti-IL-10. A total of 1 × 106 cells per sample were analyzed, and 2 × 105 events were recorded by flow cytometry, and parameters were compared with/without rTM treatment. RESULTS The blood concentration of TNF-α was significantly reduced 24 h after intratracheal injection in S. pneumoniae-challenged mice treated with rTM (P = 0.016). Levels of IL-10 in the lung endothelium of rTM-treated S. pneumoniae-challenged mice increased significantly 12 h after intratracheal injection (P = 0.03). Intriguingly, serum HMGB-1 and syndecan-1 levels decreased significantly (P = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively) in rTM-treated mice 24 h after intratracheal injection of S. pneumoniae. Electron microscopy indicated that rTM treatment preserved the morphology of the glycocalyx layer in septic mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that rTM modulates local inflammation in the lung endothelium, thus diminishing systemic inflammation, i.e., hypercytokinemia. Furthermore, rTM treatment reduced serum syndecan-1 levels, thus preventing glycocalyx damage. The use of rTM to treat sepsis caused by bacterial pneumonia could therefore help prevent both excessive inflammation and glycocalyx injury in the lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Watanabe
- Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
| | | | | | - Mayu Kato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Noriko Takeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Ishiwada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Rintaro Nishimura
- Departments of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Haruka Hishiki
- Departments of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Chizuru Ito
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Reproductive Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Hazlett LD, McClellan S, Somayajulu M, Bessert D. Targeting Inflammation Driven by HMGB1 in Bacterial Keratitis-A Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101235. [PMID: 34684184 PMCID: PMC8538492 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes human infectionsinfections. It can cause keratitis, a severe eye infection, that develops quickly and is a major cause of ulceration of the cornea and ocular complications globally. Contact lens wear is the greatest causative reason in developed countries, but in other countries, trauma and predominates. Use of non-human models of the disease are critical and may provide promising alternative argets for therapy to bolster a lack of new antibiotics and increasing antibiotic resistance. In this regard, we have shown promising data after inhibiting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Success has also been obtained after other means to inhinit HMGB1 and include: use of HMGB1 Box A (one of three HMGB1 domains), anti-HMGB1 antibody blockage of HMGB1 and/or its receptors, Toll like receptor (TLR) 4, treatment with thrombomodulin (TM) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and glycyrrhizin (GLY, a triterpenoid saponin) that directly binds to HMGB1. ReducingHMGB1 levels in P. aeruginosa keratitis appears a viable treatment alternative.
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Zhu CS, Wang W, Qiang X, Chen W, Lan X, Li J, Wang H. Endogenous Regulation and Pharmacological Modulation of Sepsis-Induced HMGB1 Release and Action: An Updated Review. Cells 2021; 10:2220. [PMID: 34571869 PMCID: PMC8469563 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a common cause of death in intensive care units, accounting for approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Its pathogenesis is partly attributable to dysregulated inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxins (such as lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which stimulate innate immune cells to sequentially release early cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferons (IFNs)) and late mediators (such as high-mobility group box 1, HMGB1). Despite difficulties in translating mechanistic insights into effective therapies, an improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of sepsis is still urgently needed. Here, we review recent progress in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulation of HMGB1 release and action, and propose a few potential therapeutic candidates for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Xiqian Lan
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Oda H, Nagamatsu T, Cabral H, Miyazaki T, Iriyama T, Kawana K, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Thrombomodulin promotes placental function by up-regulating placental growth factor via inhibition of high-mobility-group box 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Placenta 2021; 111:1-9. [PMID: 34126415 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is a state of maternal systemic stress due to inflammation and hypoxic reactions originating from the utero-placental unit. Maternal tolerance to these stresses is a key for successful outcomes. Thrombomodulin (TM), a glycoprotein expressed on cell surface, regulates local inflammatory pathways by inhibiting proinflammatory factor, High-mobility-group box1(HMGB1). Although TM is highly expressed on placental trophoblast cells, biological activities of TM during pregnancy remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that TM may contribute to the maternal stress coping mechanisms. METHODS By administering recombinant-TM (rTM) to the pregnant mice, we investigated the influence of TM functions on the placenta and fetal growth. We further examined its effect on trophoblast cells, focusing on HMGB1-regulated inflammatory signalings and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-dependent regulation of placental angiogenic factors. RESULTS Administration of rTM increased fetal weight and fetal/placental-weight ratios, which implies the improvement of placental function. These features were accompanied by maternal serum HMGB1 reduction and suppressed placental proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 and TNF-α, expressions. In addition, rTM reduced HIF1α protein accumulation and enhanced placental growth factor (PlGF) expression in the placenta, that explains the improvement of maternal features. DISCUSSION Our study revealed the supportive effect of TM on the placental function in mice. By inhibiting HMGB1, rTM suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, downregulates HIF1α and induces PlFG expression in the placental tissue. Our results have elucidated the novel aspects of TM; the regulation of placental inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors, during pregnancy. These findings may reveal potential therapeutic opportunities for the management of maternal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome which is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ failure. Since it remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, numerous drug candidates have already been tested, and continue to be developed, as potential adjunct therapies. Despite convincing mechanisms of action and robust pre-clinical data, almost all drug candidates in the field of sepsis have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy in the past two decades. Accordingly, the development of new sepsis drugs has markedly decreased in the past few years. Nevertheless, thanks to a better understanding of sepsis pathophysiology and pathways, new promising drug candidates are currently being developed. Instead of a unique sepsis profile as initially suspected, various phenotypes have been characterised. This has resulted in the identification of multiple targets for new drugs together with relevant biomarkers, and a better understanding of the most appropriate time to intervention. Within the entire sepsis drugs portfolio, those targeting the immune response are probably the most promising. Monoclonal antibodies targeting either cytokines or infectious agents are undoubtedly part of the potential successful therapeutic classes to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vignon
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Inserm CIC 1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Inserm UMR 1092, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Réanimation Polyvalente, CHU Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther king, 87042, Limoges, France.
| | - Pierre-François Laterre
- St Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Daix
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France.,Inserm CIC 1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France.,Inserm UMR 1092, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Bruno François
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France.,Inserm CIC 1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France.,Inserm UMR 1092, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France
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Deficiency of the novel high mobility group protein HMGXB4 protects against systemic inflammation-induced endotoxemia in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021862118. [PMID: 33563757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021862118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in intensive care units, which results from a severely dysregulated inflammatory response that ultimately leads to organ failure. While antibiotics can help in the early stages, effective strategies to curtail inflammation remain limited. The high mobility group (HMG) proteins are chromosomal proteins with important roles in regulating gene transcription. While HMGB1 has been shown to play a role in sepsis, the role of other family members including HMGXB4 remains unknown. We found that expression of HMGXB4 is strongly induced in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elicited inflammation in murine peritoneal macrophages. Genetic deletion of Hmgxb4 protected against LPS-induced lung injury and lethality and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced lethality in mice, and attenuated LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression in cultured macrophages. By integrating genome-wide transcriptome profiling and a publicly available ChIP-seq dataset, we identified HMGXB4 as a transcriptional activator that regulates the expression of the proinflammatory gene, Nos2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase 2) by binding to its promoter region, leading to NOS2 induction and excessive NO production and tissue damage. Similar to Hmgxb4 ablation in mice, administration of a pharmacological inhibitor of NOS2 robustly decreased LPS-induced pulmonary vascular permeability and lethality in mice. Additionally, we identified the cell adhesion molecule, ICAM1, as a target of HMGXB4 in endothelial cells that facilitates inflammation by promoting monocyte attachment. In summary, our study reveals a critical role of HMGXB4 in exacerbating endotoxemia via transcriptional induction of Nos2 and Icam1 gene expression and thus targeting HMGXB4 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
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43
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Visser MJE, Tarr G, Pretorius E. Thrombosis in Psoriasis: Cutaneous Cytokine Production as a Potential Driving Force of Haemostatic Dysregulation and Subsequent Cardiovascular Risk. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688861. [PMID: 34335591 PMCID: PMC8324086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PsO) is a common T cell-mediated inflammatory disorder of the skin with an estimated prevalence of 2%. The condition manifests most commonly as erythematous plaques covered with scales. The aetiology of PsO is multifactorial and disease initiation involves interactions between environmental factors, susceptibility genes, and innate and adaptive immune responses. The underlying pathology is mainly driven by interleukin-17. In addition, various inflammatory mediators from specific T helper (TH) cell subsets, namely TH1, TH17, and TH22, are overexpressed in cutaneous lesions and may also be detected in the peripheral blood of psoriatic patients. Moreover, these individuals are also at greater risk, compared to the general population, of developing multiple comorbid conditions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognised as a prominent comorbidity of PsO. A potential mechanism contributing to this association may be the presence of a hypercoagulable state in these individuals. Inflammation and coagulation are closely related. The presence of chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation may promote thrombosis – one of the major determinants of CVD. A pro-inflammatory milieu may induce the expression of tissue factor, augment platelet activity, and perturb the vascular endothelium. Altogether, these changes will result in a prothrombotic state. In this review, we describe the aetiology of PsO, as well as the pathophysiology of the condition. We also consider its relationship to CVD. Given the systemic inflammatory nature of PsO, we evaluate the potential contribution of prominent inflammatory mediators (implicated in PsO pathogenesis) to establishing a prothrombotic state in psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J E Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gareth Tarr
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Winelands Mediclinic Orthopaedic Hospital, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Su Z, Li Y, Lv H, Cui X, Liu M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhen J, Tang W, Wang X, Yi F. CLEC14A protects against podocyte injury in mice with adriamycin nephropathy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21711. [PMID: 34107098 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100283r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a major determinant of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing podocyte injury has clinical importance for the treatment of FSGS. CLEC14A is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the vascular expressed C-type lectin family. CLEC14A is found to be expressed in vascular endothelial cells during embryogenesis and is also implicated in tumor angiogenesis. However, the current understanding of the biological functions of CLEC14A in podocyte is very limited. In this study, we found that CLEC14A was expressed in podocyte and protected against podocyte injury in mice with Adriamycin (ADR)-induced FSGS. First, we observed that CLEC14A was downregulated in mice with ADR nephropathy and renal biopsies from individuals with FSGS and other forms of podocytopathies. Moreover, CLEC14A deficiency exacerbated podocyte injury and proteinuria in mice with ADR nephropathy accompanied by enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory responses. In vitro, overexpression of CLEC14A in podocyte had pleiotropic protective actions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. Mechanistically, CLEC14A inhibited high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release, at least in part by directly binding HMGB1, and suppressed HMGB1-mediated signaling, including NF-κB signaling and early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) signaling. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the pivotal role of CLEC14A in maintaining podocyte function, indicating that CLEC14A may be an innovative therapeutic target in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Sugano H, Shirai Y, Sato S, Hamatani S, Hamura R, Taniai T, Horiuchi T, Gocho T, Eto K, Ikegami T. Thrombomodulin expression impacts the recurrence and long-term survival in pancreatic cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:567-574. [PMID: 34337305 PMCID: PMC8316731 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive digestive cancers. The tumor expression of thrombomodulin (TM) is correlated with favorable prognosis in several types of cancer. However, this correlation has not been confirmed in hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TM expression in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS The data of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for pancreatic invasive ductal adenocarcinoma were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. A total of 131 patients were included. Paraffin sections of tumor tissues were stained immunohistochemically using TM antibody. The patients were divided into two groups: the TM-positive or TM-negative group. RESULTS The specimens were TM-positive in 72 cases. TM expression was a significant factor of favorable prognosis in univariate analysis for disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The median OS in the TM-positive patients was 32.9 mo, which was better than the 20.0 mo in TM-negative patients (P =.006). TM positivity retained its significance on multivariate analysis for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.651, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.433-0.979, P =.039) and OS (HR 0.569, 95% CI 0.376-0.862, P =.008). CONCLUSIONS The tumor expression of TM is a favorable factor for OS in resected pancreatic invasive ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sugano
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Gene TherapyResearch Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Gene TherapyResearch Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of PathologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeharu Hamatani
- Department of PathologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryoga Hamura
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Gene TherapyResearch Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiko Taniai
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Gene TherapyResearch Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Horiuchi
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Gene TherapyResearch Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Gocho
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ken Eto
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Visser MJE, Venter C, Roberts TJ, Tarr G, Pretorius E. Psoriatic disease is associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and altered haemostatic function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13043. [PMID: 34158537 PMCID: PMC8219816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, affecting approximately 2% of the general population, which can be accompanied by psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The condition has been associated with an increased cardiovascular burden. Hypercoagulability is a potential underlying mechanism that may contribute to the increased risk of major cardiovascular events in psoriatic individuals. Whole blood samples were collected from 20 PsA patients and 20 healthy individuals. The concentrations of inflammatory molecules (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and soluble P-selectin) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, clotting efficiency was evaluated by thromboelastography. The fibrin network architecture was also assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Elevated levels of circulating inflammatory molecules were significantly associated with the presence of psoriatic disease. Furthermore, an increased tendency towards thrombus formation was significantly predictive of disease presence. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fibrin clots were denser in psoriatic individuals, compared to healthy controls, with an increased fibrin fibre diameter associated with psoriatic disease. Our results add to the accumulating evidence of the systemic nature of psoriasis and the subsequent risk of cardiovascular comorbidities, potentially due to an acquired hypercoagulability. We suggest that haemostatic function should be monitored carefully in psoriatic patients that present with severe disease, due to the pre-eminent risk of developing thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J E Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Chantelle Venter
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PB, UK
| | - Gareth Tarr
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.,Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Winelands Mediclinic Orthopaedic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Totoki T, Ito T, Yamada S, Honda G, Hattori T, Maruyama I. Specific detection of high mobility group box 1 degradation product with a novel ELISA. Mol Med 2021; 27:59. [PMID: 34107884 PMCID: PMC8190996 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During sepsis or sterile tissue injury, the nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can be released to the extracellular space and ultimately into systemic circulation, where it mediates systemic inflammation and remote organ failure. The proinflammatory effects of HMGB1 can be suppressed by recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), in part through a mechanism involving thrombin-rTM-mediated degradation of HMGB1. Given that HMGB1 is proinflammatory but the HMGB1 degradation product (desHMGB1) is not, an analytical method that discriminates between these two molecules may provide a more in-depth understanding of HMGB1-induced pathogenicity as well as rTM-mediated therapeutic efficiency. METHODS A peptide that has a shared amino-terminal structure with desHMGB1 was synthesized. C3H/lpr mice were immunized with the desHMGB1 peptide conjugate, and antibody-secreting hybridoma cells were developed using conventional methods. The reactivity and specificity of the antibodies were then analyzed using antigen-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as antibody-coated ELISA. Next, plasma desHMGB1 levels were examined in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mouse model treated with rTM. RESULTS Through a series of screening steps, we obtained a monoclonal antibody that recognized desHMGB1 but did not recognize intact HMGB1. ELISA using this antibody specifically detected desHMGB1, which was significantly increased in CLP-induced septic mice treated with rTM compared with those treated with saline. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we obtained a desHMGB1-specific monoclonal antibody. ELISA using the novel monoclonal antibody may be an option for the in-depth analysis of HMGB1-induced pathogenicity as well as rTM-mediated therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Totoki
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Shingo Yamada
- R&D Center, Shino-Test Corporation, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Goichi Honda
- Department of Medical Affairs, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Medical Affairs, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Hara H, Iwase H, Nguyen H, Miyagawa Y, Kuravi K, Foote JB, Eyestone W, Phelps C, Ayares D, Cooper DKC. Stable expression of the human thrombomodulin transgene in pig endothelial cells is associated with a reduction in the inflammatory response. Cytokine 2021; 148:155580. [PMID: 34099346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenotransplantation is associated with an inflammatory response. The proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, downregulates the expression of thrombomodulin (TBM), and induces coagulation dysfunction. Although human (h) TBM-transgenic pigs (p) have been developed to reduce coagulation dysfunction, the effect of TNF-α on the expression of hTBM and its functional activity has not been fully investigated. The aims of this study were to investigate (i) whether the expression of hTBM on pig (p) cells is down-regulated during TNF-α stimulation, and (ii) whether cells from hTBM pigs regulate the inflammatory response. METHODS TNF-α-producing T, B, and natural killer cells in blood from baboons with pig heart or kidney xenografts were investigated by flow cytometry. TNF-α staining in the grafts was detected by immunohistochemistry. Aortic endothelial cells (AECs) from GTKO/CD46 and GTKO/CD46/hTBM pigs were stimulated by hTNF-α, and the expression of the inflammatory/coagulation regulatory protein, TBM, was investigated. RESULTS After pig organ xenotransplantation, there was a trend to increases in TNF-α-producing T and natural killer cells in the blood of baboons. In vitro observations demonstrated that after hTNF-α stimulation, there was a significant reduction in the expression of endogenous pTBM on pAECs, and a significant increase in the expression of inflammatory molecules. Blocking of NF-κB signaling significantly up-regulated pTBM expression, and suppressed the inflammatory response induced by hTNF-α in pAECs. Whereas the expression of pTBM mRNA was significantly reduced by hTNF-α stimulation, hTBM expression on the GTKO/CD46/hTBM pAECs was not affected. Furthermore, after hTNF-α stimulation, there was significant suppression of expression of inflammatory molecules on GTKO/CD46/hTBM pAECs compared to GTKO/CD46 pAECs. CONCLUSIONS The stable expression of hTBM in pig cells may locally regulate the inflammatory response. This will help suppress the inflammatory response and prevent coagulation dysregulation after xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hayato Iwase
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuko Miyagawa
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology and Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Kato Y, Nishida O, Kuriyama N, Nakamura T, Kawaji T, Onouchi T, Hasegawa D, Shimomura Y. Effects of Thrombomodulin in Reducing Lethality and Suppressing Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in the Lungs and Liver in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Septic Shock Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4933. [PMID: 34066510 PMCID: PMC8124404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, an innate immune system response, is associated with thrombogenesis and vascular endothelial injury. Circulatory disorders due to microvascular thrombogenesis are one of the principal causes of organ damage. NET formation in organs contributes to the exacerbation of sepsis, which is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. We have previously reported that recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NET formation in vitro. Here, we aimed to show that thrombomodulin (TM)-mediated suppression of NET formation protects against organ damage in sepsis. Mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10 mg/kg LPS. rTM (6 mg/kg/day) or saline was administered i.p. 1 h after LPS injection. In the LPS-induced murine septic shock model, extracellular histones, which are components of NETs, were observed in the liver and lungs. In addition, the serum cytokine (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)) levels were increased. The administration of rTM in this model prevented NET formation in the organs and suppressed the increase in the levels of all cytokines except IL-1β. Furthermore, the survival rate improved. We provide a novel role of TM in treating inflammation and NETs in organs during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Takahiro Kawaji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Takanori Onouchi
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (Y.K.); (O.N.); (N.K.); (T.N.); (T.K.); (D.H.)
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50
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The Effect and Regulatory Mechanism of High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein on Immune Cells in Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051044. [PMID: 33925132 PMCID: PMC8145631 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a member of the high mobility group protein superfamily, is an abundant and ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Intracellular HMGB1 is released by immune and necrotic cells and secreted HMGB1 activates a range of immune cells, contributing to the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and promoting processes such as cell migration and adhesion. Moreover, HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern molecule that participates in various inflammatory and immune responses. In these ways, it plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we review the effects of HMGB1 on various immune cell types and describe the molecular mechanisms by which it contributes to the development of inflammatory disorders. Finally, we address the therapeutic potential of targeting HMGB1.
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