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Stangret A, Sadowski KA, Jabłoński K, Kochman J, Opolski G, Grabowski M, Tomaniak M. Chemokine Fractalkine and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease-Is There a Link? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3885. [PMID: 38612695 PMCID: PMC11012077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NO-CAD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of conditions collectively characterized by less than 50% narrowing in at least one major coronary artery with a fractional flow reserve (FFR) of ≤0.80 observed in coronary angiography. The pathogenesis and progression of NO-CAD are still not fully understood, however, inflammatory processes, particularly atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction are known to play a major role in it. Chemokine fractalkine (FKN/CX3CL1) is inherently linked to these processes. FKN/CX3CL1 functions predominantly as a chemoattractant for immune cells, facilitating their transmigration through the vessel wall and inhibiting their apoptosis. Its concentrations correlate positively with major cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, promising preliminary results have shown that FKN/CX3CL1 receptor inhibitor (KAND567) administered in the population of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), inhibits the adverse reaction of the immune system that causes hyperinflammation. Whereas the link between FKN/CX3CL1 and NO-CAD appears evident, further studies are necessary to unveil this complex relationship. In this review, we critically overview the current data on FKN/CX3CL1 in the context of NO-CAD and present the novel clinical implications of the unique structure and function of FKN/CX3CL1 as a compound which distinctively contributes to the pathomechanism of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Artur Sadowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Janusz Kochman
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
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Shao M, Wang M, Wang X, Feng X, Zhang L, Lv H. SQLE is a promising prognostic and immunological biomarker and correlated with immune Infiltration in Sarcoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37030. [PMID: 38335381 PMCID: PMC10861000 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is an essential enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. However, its role in sarcoma and its correlation with immune infiltration remains unclear. All original data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). SQLE expression was explored using the TCGA database, and correlations between SQLE and cancer immune characteristics were analyzed via the TISIDB databases. Generally, SQLE is predominantly overexpressed and has diagnostic and prognostic value in sarcoma. Upregulated SQLE was associated with poorer overall survival, poorer disease-specific survival, and tumor multifocality in sarcoma. Mechanistically, we identified a hub gene that included a total of 82 SQLE-related genes, which were tightly associated with histone modification pathways in sarcoma patients. SQLE expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and positively correlated with Th2 cells. SQLE expression was negatively correlated with the expression of chemokines (CCL19 and CX3CL1) and chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CCR7) in sarcoma. In conclusion, SQLE may be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huicheng Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Sun J, Singh P, Shami A, Kluza E, Pan M, Djordjevic D, Michaelsen NB, Kennbäck C, van der Wel NN, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson J, Formentini I, Conde-Knape K, Lutgens E, Edsfeldt A, Gonçalves I. Spatial Transcriptional Mapping Reveals Site-Specific Pathways Underlying Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:2213-2227. [PMID: 37286250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, triggered by blood flow-associated biomechanical forces, cause most myocardial infarctions and strokes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the exact location and underlying mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, identifying therapeutic targets against cardiovascular events. METHODS Histology, electron microscopy, bulk and spatial RNA sequencing on human carotid plaques were studied in proximal, most stenotic, and distal regions along the longitudinal blood flow direction. Genome-wide association studies were used to examine heritability enrichment and causal relationships of atherosclerosis and stroke. Associations between top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and preoperative and postoperative cardiovascular events were examined in a validation cohort. RESULTS In human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, ruptures predominantly occurred in the proximal and most stenotic regions but not in the distal region. Histologic and electron microscopic examination showed that proximal and most stenotic regions exhibited features of plaque vulnerability and thrombosis. RNA sequencing identified DEGs distinguishing the proximal and most stenotic regions from the distal region which were deemed as most relevant to atherosclerosis-associated diseases as shown by heritability enrichment analyses. The identified pathways associated with the proximal rupture-prone regions were validated by spatial transcriptomics, firstly in human atherosclerosis. Of the 3 top DEGs, matrix metallopeptidase 9 emerged particularly because Mendelian randomization suggested that its high circulating levels were causally associated with atherosclerosis risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show plaque site-specific transcriptional signatures associated with proximal rupture-prone regions of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. This led to the geographical mapping of novel therapeutic targets, such as matrix metallopeptidase 9, against plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mengyu Pan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Natasha Barascuk Michaelsen
- Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Kennbäck
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Zhou M, Yu Y, Chen R, Liu X, Hu Y, Ma Z, Gao L, Jian W, Wang L. Wall shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1083547. [PMID: 37077735 PMCID: PMC10106633 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1083547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major form of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in countries around the world. Atherosclerosis combines the interactions of systemic risk factors, haemodynamic factors, and biological factors, in which biomechanical and biochemical cues strongly regulate the process of atherosclerosis. The development of atherosclerosis is directly related to hemodynamic disorders and is the most important parameter in the biomechanics of atherosclerosis. The complex blood flow in arteries forms rich WSS vectorial features, including the newly proposed WSS topological skeleton to identify and classify the WSS fixed points and manifolds in complex vascular geometries. The onset of plaque usually occurs in the low WSS area, and the plaque development alters the local WSS topography. low WSS promotes atherosclerosis, while high WSS prevents atherosclerosis. Upon further progression of plaques, high WSS is associated with the formation of vulnerable plaque phenotype. Different types of shear stress can lead to focal differences in plaque composition and to spatial variations in the susceptibility to plaque rupture, atherosclerosis progression and thrombus formation. WSS can potentially gain insight into the initial lesions of AS and the vulnerable phenotype that gradually develops over time. The characteristics of WSS are studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. With the continuous improvement of computer performance-cost ratio, WSS as one of the effective parameters for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis has become a reality and will be worth actively promoting in clinical practice. The research on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis based on WSS is gradually an academic consensus. This article will comprehensively review the systemic risk factors, hemodynamics and biological factors involved in the formation of atherosclerosis, and combine the application of CFD in hemodynamics, focusing on the mechanism of WSS and the complex interactions between WSS and plaque biological factors. It is expected to lay a foundation for revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms related to abnormal WSS in the progression and transformation of human atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfeng Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiyi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xingci Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yilei Hu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyan Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lingwei Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Weixiong Jian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- National Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Correspondence: Weixiong Jian Liping Wang
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Correspondence: Weixiong Jian Liping Wang
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Germano DB, Oliveira SB, Bachi ALL, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Bussador do Amaral J, França CN. Monocyte chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:1-8. [PMID: 36893859 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are fundamental in many processes related to cardiovascular diseases, such as monocyte migration to vessel walls, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, among others. Even though many experimental studies have shown the utility of blocking these receptors or their ligands in the treatment of atherosclerosis, the findings in clinical research are still poor. Thus, in the current review we aimed to describe some promising results concerning the blockade of chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also to discuss some challenges that need to be overcome before using these strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yára Juliano
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Laboratory, Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Başar EZ, Sönmez HE, Uzuner H, Karadenizli A, Güngör HS, Akgün G, Yetimakman AF, Öncel S, Babaoğlu K. CXCL10/IP10 as a Biomarker Linking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Children with SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051416. [PMID: 35268506 PMCID: PMC8911504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of CXCL10/IP10 for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Methods: This cross-sectional, longitudinal study included 36 patients with MIS-C. Patients were classified as follows: (1) patients presenting with Kawasaki-like features (group I = 11); (2) patients presenting with LV systolic dysfunction (group II = 9); and (3) other presentations (group III = 3). CXCL10/IP10 levels were measured upon admission and on days 3 and 7 of treatment. Results: Twenty patients were male and 16 were female. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 7.5 (1.5–17) years. All patients had a fever lasting for a median of 4 (2–7) days. Ten patients had LV systolic dysfunction. The duration of hospitalization was longer in group II. Lymphocyte and platelet counts were lower, whereas NT-pro-BNP, troponin-I, D-dimer, and CXCL10/IP10 levels were higher in group II. Baseline levels of CXCL10/IP10 were weakly negatively correlated with ejection fraction (r = −0.387, p = 0.022). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis yielded a cutoff value of CXCL10/IP10 to discriminate patients with LV dysfunction was 1839 pg/mL with sensitivity 88% and specificity 68% (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.827, 95% CI 0.682–0.972, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Having a good correlation with cardiac function, CXCL10/IP10 is a potential biomarker to predict LV dysfunction in MIS-C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eviç Zeynep Başar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Internal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey; (H.S.G.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-507-463-0082
| | - Hafize Emine Sönmez
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Internal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
| | - Hüseyin Uzuner
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Section of Medical Services and Techniques, Kocaeli Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
- Antibody Research and Production Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
| | - Aynur Karadenizli
- Antibody Research and Production Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Salih Güngör
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Internal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey; (H.S.G.); (K.B.)
| | - Gökmen Akgün
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Darıca Farabi Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli 41700, Turkey;
| | - Ayşe Filiz Yetimakman
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Internal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
| | - Selim Öncel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Internal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
| | - Kadir Babaoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Internal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey; (H.S.G.); (K.B.)
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The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111224. [PMID: 34835155 PMCID: PMC8623875 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) constitute two of the leading causes of death in Europe, USA and the rest of the world. According to the latest reports of the Iranian National Health Ministry, CAD is the main cause of death in Iranian patients with an age over 35 years despite a significant reduction in mortality due to early interventional treatments in the context of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Inflammation plays a fundamental role in coronary atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque formation, acute coronary thrombosis and CAD establishment. Chemokines are well-recognized mediators of inflammation involved in several bio-functions such as leucocyte migration in response to inflammatory signals and oxidative vascular injury. Different chemokines serve as chemo-attractants for a wide variety of cell types including immune cells. CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXLC10), is a chemokine with inflammatory features whereas CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) serves as a shared receptor for CXCL9, 10 and 11. These chemokines mediate immune responses through the activation and recruitment of leukocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. CXCL10, interleukin (IL-15) and interferon (IFN-g) are increased after a COVID-19 vaccination with a BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine and are enriched by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 after the second vaccination. The aim of the present study is the presentation of the elucidation of the crucial role of CXCL10 in the patho-physiology and pathogenesis of CAD and in identifying markers associated with the vaccination resulting in antibody development.
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The Entry and Egress of Monocytes in Atherosclerosis: A Biochemical and Biomechanical Driven Process. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:6642927. [PMID: 34345249 PMCID: PMC8282391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with “the response to injury” theory, the entry of monocytes into the intima guided by inflammation signals, taking up cholesterol and transforming into foam cells, and egress from plaques determines the progression of atherosclerosis. Multiple cytokines and receptors have been reported to be involved in monocyte recruitment such as CCL2/CCR2, CCL5/CCR5, and CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and the egress of macrophages from the plaque like CCR7/CCL19/CCL21. Interestingly, some neural guidance molecules such as Netrin-1 and Semaphorin 3E have been demonstrated to show an inhibitory effect on monocyte migration. During the processes of monocytes recruitment and migration, factors affecting the biomechanical properties (e.g., the membrane fluidity, the deformability, and stiffness) of the monocytes, like cholesterol, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as the biomechanical environment that the monocytes are exposed, like the extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch, blood flow, and hypertension, were discussed in the latter section. Till now, several small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), monoclonal antibodies, and antagonists for CCR2 have been designed and shown promising efficiency on atherosclerosis therapy. Seeking more possible biochemical factors that are chemotactic or can affect the biomechanical properties of monocytes, and uncovering the underlying mechanism, will be helpful in future studies.
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10
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van Haaften EE, Quicken S, Huberts W, Bouten CVC, Kurniawan NA. Computationally guided in-vitro vascular growth model reveals causal link between flow oscillations and disorganized neotissue. Commun Biol 2021; 4:546. [PMID: 33972658 PMCID: PMC8110791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed shear stress is thought to be the driving factor of neointimal hyperplasia in blood vessels and grafts, for example in hemodialysis conduits. Despite the common occurrence of neointimal hyperplasia, however, the mechanistic role of shear stress is unclear. This is especially problematic in the context of in situ scaffold-guided vascular regeneration, a process strongly driven by the scaffold mechanical environment. To address this issue, we herein introduce an integrated numerical-experimental approach to reconstruct the graft-host response and interrogate the mechanoregulation in dialysis grafts. Starting from patient data, we numerically analyze the biomechanics at the vein-graft anastomosis of a hemodialysis conduit. Using this biomechanical data, we show in an in vitro vascular growth model that oscillatory shear stress, in the presence of cyclic strain, favors neotissue development by reducing the secretion of remodeling markers by vascular cells and promoting the formation of a dense and disorganized collagen network. These findings identify scaffold-based shielding of cells from oscillatory shear stress as a potential handle to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E van Haaften
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sjeng Quicken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Huberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Andelovic K, Winter P, Jakob PM, Bauer WR, Herold V, Zernecke A. Evaluation of Plaque Characteristics and Inflammation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:185. [PMID: 33673124 PMCID: PMC7917750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Andelovic
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Patrick Winter
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
- Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Michael Jakob
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Rudolf Bauer
- Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Herold
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Endothelial mechanotransduction in cardiovascular development and regeneration: emerging approaches and animal models. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:131-151. [PMID: 34696883 PMCID: PMC9113082 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Living cells are exposed to multiple mechanical stimuli from the extracellular matrix or from surrounding cells. Mechanoreceptors are molecules that display status changes in response to mechanical stimulation, transforming physical cues into biological responses to help the cells adapt to dynamic changes of the microenvironment. Mechanical stimuli are responsible for shaping the tridimensional development and patterning of the organs in early embryonic stages. The development of the heart is one of the first morphogenetic events that occur in embryos. As the circulation is established, the vascular system is exposed to constant shear stress, which is the force created by the movement of blood. Both spatial and temporal variations in shear stress differentially modulate critical steps in heart development, such as trabeculation and compaction of the ventricular wall and the formation of the heart valves. Zebrafish embryos are small, transparent, have a short developmental period and allow for real-time visualization of a variety of fluorescently labeled proteins to recapitulate developmental dynamics. In this review, we will highlight the application of zebrafish models as a genetically tractable model for investigating cardiovascular development and regeneration. We will introduce our approaches to manipulate mechanical forces during critical stages of zebrafish heart development and in a model of vascular regeneration, as well as advances in imaging technologies to capture these processes at high resolution. Finally, we will discuss the role of molecules of the Plexin family and Piezo cation channels as major mechanosensors recently implicated in cardiac morphogenesis.
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13
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Babendreyer A, Rojas-González DM, Giese AA, Fellendorf S, Düsterhöft S, Mela P, Ludwig A. Differential Induction of the ADAM17 Regulators iRhom1 and 2 in Endothelial Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:610344. [PMID: 33335915 PMCID: PMC7736406 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.610344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial function significantly depends on the proteolytic release of surface expressed signal molecules, their receptors and adhesion molecules via the metalloproteinase ADAM17. The pseudoproteases iRhom1 and 2 independently function as adapter proteins for ADAM17 and are essential for the maturation, trafficking, and activity regulation of ADAM17. Bioinformatic data confirmed that immune cells predominantly express iRhom2 while endothelial cells preferentially express iRhom1. Objective: Here, we investigate possible reasons for higher iRhom1 expression and potential inflammatory regulation of iRhom2 in endothelial cells and analyze the consequences for ADAM17 maturation and function. Methods: Primary endothelial cells were cultured in absence and presence of flow with and without inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and INFγ). Regulation of iRhoms was studied by qPCR, involved signaling pathways were studied with transcriptional inhibitors and consequences were analyzed by assessment of ADAM17 maturation, surface expression and cleavage of the ADAM17 substrate junctional adhesion molecule JAM-A. Results: Endothelial iRhom1 is profoundly upregulated by physiological shear stress. This is accompanied by a homeostatic phenotype driven by the transcription factor KLF2 which is, however, only partially responsible for regulation of iRhom1. By contrast, iRhom2 is most prominently upregulated by inflammatory cytokines. This correlates with an inflammatory phenotype driven by the transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 of which AP-1 is most relevant for iRhom2 regulation. Finally, shear stress exposure and inflammatory stimulation have independent and no synergistic effects on ADAM17 maturation, surface expression and JAM-A shedding. Conclusion: Conditions of shear stress and inflammation differentially upregulate iRhom1 and 2 in primary endothelial cells which then results in independent regulation of ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana M Rojas-González
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Anja Adelina Giese
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Fellendorf
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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14
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Evans RJ, Lavin B, Phinikaridou A, Chooi KY, Mohri Z, Wong E, Boyle JJ, Krams R, Botnar R, Long NJ. Targeted Molecular Iron Oxide Contrast Agents for Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaque. Nanotheranostics 2020; 4:184-194. [PMID: 32637296 PMCID: PMC7332796 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.44712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Overview: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with vulnerable plaque rupture the underlying cause of many heart attacks and strokes. Much research is focused on identifying an imaging biomarker to differentiate stable and vulnerable plaque. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-ionising and non-invasive imaging modality with excellent soft tissue contrast. However, MRI has relatively low sensitivity (micromolar) for contrast agent detection compared to nuclear imaging techniques. There is also an increasing emphasis on developing MRI probes that are not based on gadolinium chelates because of increasing concerns over associated systemic toxicity and deposits1. To address the sensitivity and safety concerns of gadolinium this project focused on the development of a high relaxivity probe based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with MRI. With development, this may facilitate differentiating stable and vulnerable plaque in vivo. Aim: To develop a range of MRI contrast agents based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and test them in a murine model of advanced atherosclerosis. Methods: Nanoparticles of four core sizes were synthesised by thermal decomposition and coated with poly(maleicanhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) or alendronate, then characterised for core size, hydrodynamic size, surface potential and relaxivity. On the basis of these results, one candidate was selected for further studies. In vivo studies using 10 nm PMAO-coated SPIONs were performed in ApoE-/- mice fed a western diet and instrumented with a perivascular cuff on the left carotid artery. Control ApoE-/- mice were fed a normal chow diet and were not instrumented. Mice were scanned on a 3T MR scanner (Philips Achieva) with the novel SPION contrast agent, and an elastin-targeted gadolinium agent that was shown previously to enable visualisation of plaque burden. Histological analysis was undertaken to confirm imaging findings through staining for macrophages, CX3CL1, elastin, tropoelastin, and iron. Results: The lead SPION agent consisted of a 10 nm iron oxide core with poly(maleicanhydride-alt-1-octadecene), (-36.21 mV, r2 18.806 mmol-1/s-1). The irregular faceting of the iron oxide core resulted in high relaxivity and the PMAO provided a foundation for further functionalisation on surface -COOH groups. The properties of the contrast agent, including the negative surface charge and hydrodynamic size, were designed to maximise circulation time and evade rapid clearance through the renal system or phagocytosis. In vitro testing showed that the SPION agent was non-toxic. In vivo results show that the novel contrast agent accumulates in similar vascular regions to a gadolinium-based contrast agent (Gd-ESMA) targeted to elastin, which accumulates in plaque. There was a significant difference in SPION signal between the instrumented and the contralateral non-instrumented vessels in diseased mice (p = 0.0411, student's t-test), and between the instrumented diseased vessel and control vessels (p = 0.0043, 0.0022, student's t-test). There was no significant difference between the uptake of either contrast agent between stable and vulnerable plaques (p = 0.3225, student's t-test). Histological verification was used to identify plaques, and Berlin Blue staining confirmed the presence of nanoparticle deposits within vulnerable plaques and co-localisation with macrophages. Conclusion: This work presents a new MRI contrast agent for atherosclerosis which uses an under-explored surface ligand, demonstrating promising properties for in vivo behaviour, is still in circulation 24 hours post-injection with limited liver uptake, and shows good accumulation in a murine plaque model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, MSRH Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, St. Thomas's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, St. Thomas's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, St. Thomas's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kok Yean Chooi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zahra Mohri
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eunice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, MSRH Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joseph J Boyle
- National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, St. Thomas's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, MSRH Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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15
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Leavitt C, Zakai NA, Auer P, Cushman M, Lange EM, Levitan EB, Olson N, Thornton TA, Tracy RP, Wilson JG, Lange LA, Reiner AP, Raffield LM. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and cardiovascular disease in African Americans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231013. [PMID: 32240245 PMCID: PMC7117698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of chronic inflammation (such as C-reactive protein) have long been associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, biomarkers involved in antiviral cytokine induction and adaptive immune system activation remain largely unexamined. We hypothesized the cytokine interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) would be associated with clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in African Americans. We assessed these associations in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort and the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. There was a modest association of IP-10 with higher odds of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR = 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.41) per standard deviation (SD) higher natural log-transformed IP-10 in JHS). We did not observe associations with ankle brachial index, intima-media thickness, or arterial calcification. Each SD higher increment of ln-transformed IP-10 concentration was associated with incident heart failure (hazard ratio (HR) 1.26; 95% CI 1.11, 1.42, p = 4x10-4) in JHS, and with overall mortality in both JHS (HR 1.12 per SD, 95% CI 1.03, 1.21, p = 7.5x10-3) and REGARDS (HR 1.31 per SD, 95% CI 1.10, 1.55, p = 2.0 x 10-3), adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein. However, we found no association between IP-10 and stroke or coronary heart disease. These results suggest a role of IP-10 in heart failure and mortality risk independent of C-reactive protein. Further research is needed to investigate how the body's response to chronic viral infection may mediate heart failure and overall mortality risk in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Leavitt
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Paul Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Levitan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Nels Olson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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16
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Cui Y, Lv X, Wang F, Kong J, Zhao H, Ye Z, Si C, Pan L, Liu P, Wen J. Geometry of the Carotid Artery and Its Association With Pathologic Changes in a Chinese Population. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1628. [PMID: 32038300 PMCID: PMC6985580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carotid artery geometry influences blood flow disturbances and is thus an important risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and yes-associated protein (YAP) expression may play essential roles in the pathophysiology of carotid artery stenosis, but the effect of blood flow disturbances of carotid bifurcation location on the ECM is unknown. We hypothesized that carotid artery anatomy and geometry are independently associated with the ECM and YAP expression. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 193 patients were divided into two groups: an asymptomatic group (n = 111) and a symptomatic group (n = 82), symptomatic patients presenting with ischemic attack, amaurosis fugax, or minor non-disabling stroke. For all subjects before surgery, carotid bifurcation angle and internal artery angle were measured with computed tomography angiography (CTA), and laminar shear stress was measured with ultrasonography. After surgery, pathology of all plaque specimens was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Movat special staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect expression of YAP in a subset of 30 specimens. Results Symptomatic patients had increased carotid bifurcation angle and laminar shear stress compared to asymptomatic patients (P < 0.05), although asymptomatic patients had increased internal carotid angle compared to symptomatic patients (P < 0.001). Relative higher bifurcation angles were correlated with increased carotid bifurcation, decreased internal angle, and decreased laminar shear stress. For each change in intervertebral space or one-third of vertebral body height, carotid bifurcation angle changed 4.76°, internal carotid angle changed 6.91°, and laminar shear stress changed 0.57 dynes/cm2. Pathology showed that average fibrous cap thickness and average narrowest fibrous cap thickness were greater in asymptomatic patients than symptomatic patients (P < 0.05). Expression of proteoglycan and YAP protein in symptomatic patients was higher than in asymptomatic patients (P < 0.001), while collagen expression was lower in symptomatic patients than asymptomatic patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Geometry of the carotid artery and position relative to cervical spine might be associated with ECM and YAP protein expression, which could contribute to carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozeng Si
- Department of Operations and Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyan Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Liu D, Lv H, Liu Q, Sun Y, Hou S, Zhang L, Yang M, Han B, Wang G, Wang X, Du W, Nie H, Zhang R, Huang X, Hou J, Yu B. Atheroprotective effects of methotrexate via the inhibition of YAP/TAZ under disturbed flow. J Transl Med 2019; 17:378. [PMID: 31730006 PMCID: PMC6857284 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis preferentially develops in regions of disturbed flow (DF). Emerging evidence indicates that yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which are both effectors of the Hippo pathway, sense different blood flow patterns and regulate atherosclerotic lesions. We previously found that methotrexate (MTX) reduces in-stent neoatherosclerosis, decreases the plaque burden, and has an effect on local fluid shear stress. Here, we investigated the atheroprotective effect of MTX under DF and the mechanisms underlying these properties. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to biomechanical stretch using a parallel-plate flow system and treated with or without MTX at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Additionally, an extravascular device was used to induce DF in the left common carotid artery of C57BL/6 mice, followed by treatment with MTX or 0.9% saline. The artery was then assessed histopathologically after 4 weeks on a Western diet. Results We observed that MTX significantly inhibited DF-induced endothelial YAP/TAZ activation. Furthermore, it markedly decreased pro-inflammatory factor secretion and monocyte adhesion in HUVECs but had no effect on apoptosis. Mechanistically, AMPKa1 depletion attenuated these effects of MTX. Accordingly, MTX decreased DF-induced plaque formation, which was accompanied by YAP/TAZ downregulation in vivo. Conclusions Taken together, we conclude that MTX exerts protective effects via the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK)-YAP/TAZ pathway. These results provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis via the inhibition of YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Shenglong Hou
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyue Yang
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Baihe Han
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Xingtao Huang
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbo Hou
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Division Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratories of the Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanisms and Treatment, Harbin, China
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18
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Liu J, Yao Q, Xiao L, Li F, Ma W, Zhang Z, Xie X, Yang C, Cui Q, Tian Y, Zhang C, Lai B, Wang N. APC/Cdh1 targets PECAM-1 for ubiquitination and degradation in endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2521-2531. [PMID: 31489637 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed by hematopoietic and endothelial cells (ECs). Recent studies have shown that PECAM-1 plays a crucial role in promoting the development of the EC inflammatory response in the context of disturbed flow. However, the mechanistic pathways that control PECAM-1 protein stability remain largely unclear. Here, we identified PECAM-1 as a novel substrate of the APC/Cdh1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Specifically, lentivirus-mediated Cdh1 depletion stabilized PECAM-1 in ECs. Conversely, overexpression of Cdh1 destabilized PECAM-1. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked Cdh1-mediated PECAM-1 degradation. In addition, Cdh1 promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination of PECAM-1 in a destruction box-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compared with pulsatile shear stress (PS), oscillatory shear stress decreased the expression of Cdh1 and the ubiquitination of PECAM-1, therefore stabilizing PECAM-1 to promote inflammation in ECs. Hence, our study revealed a novel mechanism by which fluid flow patterns regulate EC homeostasis via Cdh1-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of PECAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunmiao Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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Babendreyer A, Molls L, Simons IM, Dreymueller D, Biller K, Jahr H, Denecke B, Boon RA, Bette S, Schnakenberg U, Ludwig A. The metalloproteinase ADAM15 is upregulated by shear stress and promotes survival of endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:51-61. [PMID: 31271758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced shear stress resulting from disturbed blood flow can impair endothelial integrity and drive the development of vascular inflammatory lesions. Metalloproteinases of the ADAM family have been implicated in the regulation of cell survival and inflammatory responses. Here we investigate the mechanism and function of ADAM15 upregulation in primary flow cultured endothelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that within the ADAM family ADAM15 mRNA is most prominently upregulated (4-fold) when endothelial cells are exposed to physiologic shear stress. This induction was confirmed in venous, arterial and microvascular endothelial cells and is associated with increased presence of ADAM15 protein in the cell lysates (5.6-fold) and on the surface (3.1-fold). The ADAM15 promoter contains several consensus sites for the transcription factor KLF2 which is also upregulated by shear stress. Induction of endothelial KLF2 by simvastatin treatment is associated with ADAM15 upregulation (1.8-fold) which is suppressed by counteracting simvastatin with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. KLF2 overexpression promotes ADAM15 expression (2.1-fold) under static conditions whereas KLF2 siRNA knockdown prevents ADAM15 induction by shear stress. Functionally, ADAM15 promotes survival of endothelial cells challenged by growth factor depletion or TNF stimulation as shown by ADAM15 shRNA knockdown (1.6-fold). Exposure to shear stress increases endothelial survival while additional knockdown of ADAM15 reduces survival (6.7-fold) under flow conditions. Thus, physiologic shear stress resulting from laminar flow promotes KLF2 induced ADAM15 expression which contributes to endothelial survival. The absence of ADAM15 at low shear stress or static conditions may therefore lead to increased endothelial damage and promote vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lisa Molls
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Indra M Simons
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, ZHMB, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Biller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bette
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Oscillating flow promotes inflammation through the TLR2–TAK1–IKK2 signalling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs). Life Sci 2019; 224:212-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Maas SL, Soehnlein O, Viola JR. Organ-Specific Mechanisms of Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration in the Lung, Liver, Kidney, and Aorta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2739. [PMID: 30538702 PMCID: PMC6277681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are dependent on the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The classical leukocyte recruitment cascade, consisting of capture, rolling, arrest, adhesion, crawling, and transendothelial migration, is thoroughly studied but mostly in model systems, such as the cremasteric microcirculation. This cascade paradigm, which is widely accepted, might be applicable to many tissues, however recruitment mechanisms might substantially vary in different organs. Over the last decade, several studies shed light on organ-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment. An improved awareness of this matter opens new therapeutic windows and allows targeting inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the leukocyte recruitment in general and how this varies in different organs. In particular we focus on neutrophils, as these are the first circulating leukocytes to reach the site of inflammation. Specifically, the recruitment mechanism in large arteries, as well as vessels in the lungs, liver, and kidney will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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22
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Baek KI, Ding Y, Chang CC, Chang M, Sevag Packard RR, Hsu JJ, Fei P, Hsiai TK. Advanced microscopy to elucidate cardiovascular injury and regeneration: 4D light-sheet imaging. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:105-115. [PMID: 29752956 PMCID: PMC6226366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of 4-dimensional (4D) light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has provided an entry point for rapid image acquisition to uncover real-time cardiovascular structure and function with high axial resolution and minimal photo-bleaching/-toxicity. We hereby review the fundamental principles of our LSFM system to investigate cardiovascular morphogenesis and regeneration after injury. LSFM enables us to reveal the micro-circulation of blood cells in the zebrafish embryo and assess cardiac ventricular remodeling in response to chemotherapy-induced injury using an automated segmentation approach. Next, we review two distinct mechanisms underlying zebrafish vascular regeneration following tail amputation. We elucidate the role of endothelial Notch signaling to restore vascular regeneration after exposure to the redox active ultrafine particles (UFP) in air pollutants. By manipulating the blood viscosity and subsequently, endothelial wall shear stress, we demonstrate the mechanism whereby hemodynamic shear forces impart both mechanical and metabolic effects to modulate vascular regeneration. Overall, the implementation of 4D LSFM allows for the elucidation of mechanisms governing cardiovascular injury and regeneration with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Megan Chang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA.
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23
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Das A, Samidurai A, Salloum FN. Deciphering Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:73. [PMID: 30013975 PMCID: PMC6036139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After being long considered as “junk” in the human genome, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) currently represent one of the newest frontiers in cardiovascular disease (CVD) since they have emerged in recent years as potential therapeutic targets. Different types of ncRNAs exist, including small ncRNAs that have fewer than 200 nucleotides, which are mostly known as microRNAs (miRNAs), and long ncRNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides. Recent discoveries on the role of ncRNAs in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and diabetic cardiomyopathy prompted vast interest in exploring candidate ncRNAs for utilization as potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in CVDs. This review will discuss our current knowledge concerning the roles of different types of ncRNAs in cardiovascular health and disease and provide some insight on the cardioprotective signaling pathways elicited by the non-coding genome. We will highlight important basic and clinical breakthroughs that support employing ncRNAs for treatment or early diagnosis of a variety of CVDs, and also depict the most relevant limitations that challenge this novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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25
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Gensberger ET, Scharrer S, Regele H, Aumayr K, Kopecky C, Gmeiner B, Hermann M, Zeillinger R, Bajar T, Winnicki W, Sengölge G. Known players, new interplay in atherogenesis: Chronic shear stress and carbamylated-LDL induce and modulate expression of atherogenic LR11 in human coronary artery endothelium. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:323-32. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-12-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn this study we examined whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family members represent a link between blood flow characteristics and modified low-density lipoproteins involved in endothelial injury, a pivotal factor in atherogenesis. We demonstrated the expression of pro-atherogenic LDL receptor relative (LR11) for the first time in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) in vitro and in vivo. Next, LR11 expression and regulation were explored in HCAEC cultured conventionally or on the inner surface of hollow fiber capillaries under exposure to shear stress for 10 days in the presence or absence of LDL. There was no LR11 expression under static conditions. When exposed to chronic low shear stress (2.5 dynes/cm2) transmembrane and soluble endothelial-LR11 were detected in high levels irrespective of the type of LDL added (carbamylated or native). In contrast, chronic high shear stress (25 dynes/cm2) inhibited the LR11-inducing effect of LDL such that transmembrane and soluble LR11 expression became non-detectable with native LDL. Carbamylated LDL significantly counteracted this atheroprotective effect of high shear stress as shown by lower, yet sustained expression of soluble and transmembrane LR11. Oxidised LDL showed similar effects compared to carbamylated LDL but caused significantly lower LR11 expression under chronic high shear stress. Medium from HCAEC under LR11-inducing conditions enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell migration, which was abrogated by the anti-LR11 antibody. Expression of LR11 depended entirely on p38MAPK phosphorylation. We conclude that coronary endothelial LR11 expression modulated by LDL and chronic shear stress contributes to atherogenesis. LR11 and p38MAPK are potential targets for prevention of atherosclerosis.
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26
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Bentzon JF, Daemen M, Falk E, Garcia-Garcia HM, Herrmann J, Hoefer I, Jukema JW, Krams R, Kwak BR, Marx N, Naruszewicz M, Newby A, Pasterkamp G, Serruys PWJC, Waltenberger J, Weber C, Tokgözoglu L, Ylä-Herttuala S. Stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:1-19. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-12-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SummaryPlaque rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery account for as many as three quarters of myocardial infarctions. The concept of plaque stabilisation emerged about 20 years ago to explain the discrepancy between the reduction of cardiovascular events in patients receiving lipid lowering therapy and the small decrease seen in angiographic evaluation of atherosclerosis. Since then, the concept of a vulnerable plaque has received a lot of attention in basic and clinical research leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the vulnerable plaque and acute coronary syndromes. From pathological and clinical observations, plaques that have recently ruptured have thin fibrous caps, large lipid cores, exhibit outward remodelling and invasion by vasa vasorum. Ruptured plaques are also focally inflamed and this may be a common denominator of the other pathological features. Plaques with similar characteristics, but which have not yet ruptured, are believed to be vulnerable to rupture. Experimental studies strongly support the validity of anti-inflammatory approaches to promote plaque stability. Unfortunately, reliable non-invasive methods for imaging and detection of such plaques are not yet readily available. There is a strong biological basis and supportive clinical evidence that low-density lipoprotein lowering with statins is useful for the stabilisation of vulnerable plaques. There is also some clinical evidence for the usefulness of antiplatelet agents, beta blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors for plaque stabilisation. Determining the causes of plaque rupture and designing diagnostics and interventions to prevent them are urgent priorities for current basic and clinical research in cardiovascular area.
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27
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Functional diversity of macrophages in vascular biology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 99:13-22. [PMID: 29074468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease and is largely responsible for cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of global mortality. The hallmark of atherogenesis is immune activation following lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. In particular, macrophages play a non-redundant role in both the progression and regression of inflammation in the atherosclerotic lesion. Macrophages are remarkably heterogeneous phagocytes that perform versatile functions in health and disease. Their functional diversity in vascular biology is only partially mapped. Targeting macrophages is often highlighted as a therapeutic approach for cancer, metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Future strategies for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerosis may benefit from attempts to reduce local proliferation of pro-inflammatory macrophage subsets or enhance resolution of inflammation. Thus, characterisation of macrophage subsets during atherosclerosis would empower clinical interventions. Therefore, it would be of fundamental importance to understand how pathological factors modulate macrophage activity in order to exploit their use in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other diseases.
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28
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CD80 Is Upregulated in a Mouse Model with Shear Stress-Induced Atherosclerosis and Allows for Evaluating CD80-Targeting PET Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:90-99. [PMID: 27430577 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A shear stress-induced atherosclerosis mouse model was characterized for its expression of inflammation markers with focus on CD80. With this model, we evaluated two positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers targeting CD80 as well as 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-mannose ([18F]FDM) in comparison with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). PROCEDURE A flow constrictive cuff implanted around the common carotid artery in apolipoprotein E knockout mice resulted in plaque formation. CD80 expression levels and plaque histopathology were evaluated. Serial PET/X-ray computed tomography scans were performed to follow inflammation. RESULTS Plaque formation with increased levels of CD80 was observed. Histologically, plaques presented macrophage-rich and large necrotic areas covered by a thin fibrous cap. Of the CD80-specific tracers, one displayed an increased uptake in plaques by PET. Both [18F]FDG and [18F]FDM accumulated in atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSION This mouse model presented, similar to humans, an increased expression of CD80 which renders it suitable for non-invasively targeting CD80-positive immune cells and evaluating CD80-specific radiotracers.
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29
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Colmán-Martínez M, Martínez-Huélamo M, Valderas-Martínez P, Arranz-Martínez S, Almanza-Aguilera E, Corella D, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. trans-Lycopene from tomato juice attenuates inflammatory biomarkers in human plasma samples: An intervention trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28688174 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The effect of carotenoids from tomato juice (TJ) on inflammatory biomarkers was evaluated by performing a 4-week dose-response nutritional trial in a population at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS An open, prospective, randomized, cross-over, and controlled clinical trial was carried out with 28 volunteers (mean age 69.7 ± 3.1 years; mean BMI 31.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2 ) at high cardiovascular risk, which were assigned to consume daily for 4 weeks in random order: 200 mL (LD) or 400 mL (HD) of TJ, or water as a control (C), with a 21-day wash-out period between each intervention. Blood samples were collected at baseline (B) and after each intervention. Endpoints included significant changes in plasmatic carotenoids, and adhesion molecules ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, as well as a tendency to decrease the chemokine IL-8. Compared to C, concentration of ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were significantly lower (p ˂ 0.001), after each TJ intervention. Decreases were correlated remarkably with the trans-lycopene, while the other carotenoids present in TJ have presented a minor association or no association with changes in these molecules. CONCLUSION trans-Lycopene from TJ may attenuate the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing the concentration of important inflammatory molecules related to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Colmán-Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Palmira Valderas-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clínic Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clínic Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clínic Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Joffre J, Potteaux S, Zeboudj L, Loyer X, Boufenzer A, Laurans L, Esposito B, Vandestienne M, de Jager SCA, Hénique C, Zlatanova I, Taleb S, Bruneval P, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Gibot S, Ait-Oufella H. Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of TREM-1 Limits the Development of Experimental Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2776-2793. [PMID: 28007141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune responses activated through myeloid cells contribute to the initiation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis in experimental models. However, the critical upstream pathways that link innate immune activation to foam cell formation are still poorly identified. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the hypothesis that activation of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) plays a determinant role in macrophage atherogenic responses. METHODS After genetically invalidating Trem-1 in chimeric Ldlr-/-Trem-1-/- mice and double knockout ApoE-/-Trem-1-/- mice, we pharmacologically inhibited Trem-1 using LR12 peptide. RESULTS Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with bone marrow deficient for Trem-1 (Trem-1-/-) showed a strong reduction of atherosclerotic plaque size in both the aortic sinus and the thoracoabdominal aorta, and were less inflammatory compared to plaques of Trem-1+/+ chimeric mice. Genetic invalidation of Trem-1 led to alteration of monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions and inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4)-initiated proinflammatory macrophage responses. We identified a critical role for Trem-1 in the upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), thereby promoting the formation of inflammatory foam cells. Genetic invalidation of Trem-1 in ApoE-/-/Trem-1-/- mice or pharmacological blockade of Trem-1 in ApoE-/- mice using LR-12 peptide also significantly reduced the development of atherosclerosis throughout the vascular tree, and lessened plaque inflammation. TREM-1 was expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, mainly in lipid-rich areas with significantly higher levels of expression in atheromatous than in fibrous plaques. CONCLUSIONS We identified TREM-1 as a major upstream proatherogenic receptor. We propose that TREM-1 activation orchestrates monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory responses and foam cell formation through coordinated and combined activation of CD36 and TLR4. Blockade of TREM-1 signaling may constitute an attractive novel and double-hit approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Joffre
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Potteaux
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Zeboudj
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Loyer
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Ludivine Laurans
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Esposito
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vandestienne
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carole Hénique
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ivana Zlatanova
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Taleb
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Gibot
- INSERM Unité mixte de Recherche-S1116, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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Shear Stress Counteracts Endothelial CX3CL1 Induction and Monocytic Cell Adhesion. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1515389. [PMID: 28522896 PMCID: PMC5385254 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1515389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow conditions critically regulate endothelial cell functions in the vasculature. Reduced shear stress resulting from disturbed blood flow can drive the development of vascular inflammatory lesions. On endothelial cells, the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine promotes vascular inflammation by functioning as a surface-expressed adhesion molecule and by becoming released as soluble chemoattractant for monocytic cells expressing the receptor CX3CR1. Here, we report that endothelial cells from human artery, vein, or microvasculature constitutively express CX3CL1 when cultured under static conditions. Stimulation with TNFα under static or very low shear stress conditions strongly upregulates CX3CL1 expression. By contrast, CX3CL1 induction is profoundly reduced when cells are exposed to higher shear stress. When endothelial cells were grown and subsequently stimulated with TNFα under low shear stress, strong adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to endothelial cells was observed. This adhesion was in part mediated by transmembrane CX3CL1 as demonstrated with a neutralizing antibody. By contrast, no CX3CL1-dependent adhesion to stimulated endothelium was observed at high shear stress. Thus, during early stages of vascular inflammation, low shear stress typically seen at atherosclerosis-prone regions promotes the induction of endothelial CX3CL1 and monocytic cell recruitment, whereas physiological shear stress counteracts this inflammatory activation of endothelial cells.
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Cervical Rotatory Manipulation Decreases Uniaxial Tensile Properties of Rabbit Atherosclerotic Internal Carotid Artery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5189356. [PMID: 28303160 PMCID: PMC5337804 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5189356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effects of one of the Chinese massage therapies, cervical rotatory manipulation (CRM), on uniaxial tensile properties of rabbit atherosclerotic internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods. 40 male purebred New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into CRM-Model group, Non-CRM-Model group, CRM-Normal group, and Non-CRM-Normal group. After modeling (atherosclerotic model) and intervention (CRM or Non-CRM), uniaxial tensile tests were performed on the ICAs to assess the differences in tensile mechanical properties between the four groups. Results. Both CRM and modeling were the main effects affecting physiological elastic modulus (PEM) of ICA. PEM in CRM-Model group was 1.81 times as much as Non-CRM-Model group, while the value in CRM-Model group was 1.34 times as much as CRM-Normal group. Maximum elastic modulus in CRM-Model group was 1.80 times as much as CRM-Normal group. Max strains in CRM-Model group and Non-CRM-Model group were 30.98% and 28.71% lower than CRM-Normal group and Non-CRM-Normal group, respectively. However, whether treated with CRM or not, the uniaxial tensile properties of healthy ICAs were not statistically different. Conclusion. CRM may decrease the uniaxial tensile properties of rabbit arteriosclerotic ICA, but with no effect on normal group. The study will aid in the meaningful explanation of the controversy about the harmfulness of CRM and the suitable population of CRM.
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Wang Y, Qiu J, Luo S, Xie X, Zheng Y, Zhang K, Ye Z, Liu W, Gregersen H, Wang G. High shear stress induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation through angiogenesis. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:257-67. [PMID: 27482467 PMCID: PMC4966293 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing thrombosis is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic strokes. Inhibition of thrombosis is one of the important tasks developing biomedical materials such as intravascular stents and vascular grafts. Shear stress (SS) influences the formation and development of atherosclerosis. The current review focuses on the vulnerable plaques observed in the high shear stress (HSS) regions, which localizes at the proximal region of the plaque intruding into the lumen. The vascular outward remodelling occurs in the HSS region for vascular compensation and that angiogenesis is a critical factor for HSS which induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation. These results greatly challenge the established belief that low shear stress is important for expansive remodelling, which provides a new perspective for preventing the transition of stable plaques to high-risk atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Shisui Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hans Gregersen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
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The CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis and Cardiac Inflammation: Implications for Immunotherapy to Treat Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Heart. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4396368. [PMID: 27795961 PMCID: PMC5066021 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4396368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals involvement of T lymphocytes and adaptive immunity in the chronic inflammation associated with infectious and noninfectious diseases of the heart, including coronary artery disease, Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathies, Chagas, hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and nonischemic heart failure. Chemokine CXCL10 is elevated in cardiovascular diseases, along with increased cardiac infiltration of proinflammatory Th1 and cytotoxic T cells. CXCL10 is a chemoattractant for these T cells and polarizing factor for the proinflammatory phenotype. Thus, targeting the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 is a promising therapeutic approach to treating cardiac inflammation. Due to biased signaling CXCR3 also couples to anti-inflammatory signaling and immunosuppressive regulatory T cell formation when activated by CXCL11. Numbers and functionality of regulatory T cells are reduced in patients with cardiac inflammation, supporting the utility of biased agonists or biologicals to simultaneously block the pro-inflammatory and activate the anti-inflammatory actions of CXCR3. Other immunotherapy strategies to boost regulatory T cell actions include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, adoptive transfer, immunoadsorption, and low-dose interleukin-2/interleukin-2 antibody complexes. Pharmacological approaches include sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists and vitamin D supplementation. A combined strategy of switching CXCR3 signaling from pro- to anti-inflammatory and improving Treg functionality is predicted to synergistically lessen adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Pedrigi RM, Mehta VV, Bovens SM, Mohri Z, Poulsen CB, Gsell W, Tremoleda JL, Towhidi L, de Silva R, Petretto E, Krams R. Influence of shear stress magnitude and direction on atherosclerotic plaque composition. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160588. [PMID: 27853578 PMCID: PMC5099003 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The precise flow characteristics that promote different atherosclerotic plaque types remain unclear. We previously developed a blood flow-modifying cuff for ApoE-/- mice that induces the development of advanced plaques with vulnerable and stable features upstream and downstream of the cuff, respectively. Herein, we sought to test the hypothesis that changes in flow magnitude promote formation of the upstream (vulnerable) plaque, whereas altered flow direction is important for development of the downstream (stable) plaque. We instrumented ApoE-/- mice (n = 7) with a cuff around the left carotid artery and imaged them with micro-CT (39.6 µm resolution) eight to nine weeks after cuff placement. Computational fluid dynamics was then performed to compute six metrics that describe different aspects of atherogenic flow in terms of wall shear stress magnitude and/or direction. In a subset of four imaged animals, we performed histology to confirm the presence of advanced plaques and measure plaque length in each segment. Relative to the control artery, the region upstream of the cuff exhibited changes in shear stress magnitude only (p < 0.05), whereas the region downstream of the cuff exhibited changes in shear stress magnitude and direction (p < 0.05). These data suggest that shear stress magnitude contributes to the formation of advanced plaques with a vulnerable phenotype, whereas variations in both magnitude and direction promote the formation of plaques with stable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Pedrigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vikram V. Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sandra M. Bovens
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zahra Mohri
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Willy Gsell
- MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi L. Tremoleda
- MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leila Towhidi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ranil de Silva
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Author for correspondence: Rob Krams e-mail:
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High shear stress relates to intraplaque haemorrhage in asymptomatic carotid plaques. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:348-354. [PMID: 27263078 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carotid artery plaques with vulnerable plaque components are related to a higher risk of cerebrovascular accidents. It is unknown which factors drive vulnerable plaque development. Shear stress, the frictional force of blood at the vessel wall, is known to influence plaque formation. We evaluated the association between shear stress and plaque components (intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH), lipid rich necrotic core (LRNC) and/or calcifications) in relatively small carotid artery plaques in asymptomatic persons. METHODS Participants (n = 74) from the population-based Rotterdam Study, all with carotid atherosclerosis assessed on ultrasound, underwent carotid MRI. Multiple MRI sequences were used to evaluate the presence of IPH, LRNC and/or calcifications in plaques in the carotid arteries. Images were automatically segmented for lumen and outer wall to obtain a 3D reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation. These reconstructions were used to calculate minimum, mean and maximum shear stresses by applying computational fluid dynamics with subject-specific inflow conditions. Associations between shear stress measures and plaque composition were studied using generalized estimating equations analysis, adjusting for age, sex and carotid wall thickness. RESULTS The study group consisted of 93 atherosclerotic carotid arteries of 74 participants. In plaques with higher maximum shear stresses, IPH was more often present (OR per unit increase in maximum shear stress (log transformed) = 12.14; p = 0.001). Higher maximum shear stress was also significantly associated with the presence of calcifications (OR = 4.28; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Higher maximum shear stress is associated with intraplaque haemorrhage and calcifications.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease, coronary atherosclerotic plaques are not uniformly distributed in the vascular tree. Experimental and clinical data highlight that biomechanical forces, including wall shear stress (WSS) and plaque structural stress (PSS), have an important role in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell function is heavily influenced by changes in WSS, and longitudinal animal and human studies have shown that coronary regions with low WSS undergo increased plaque growth compared with high WSS regions. Local alterations in WSS might also promote transformation of stable to unstable plaque subtypes. Plaque rupture is determined by the balance between PSS and material strength, with plaque composition having a profound effect on PSS. Prospective clinical studies are required to ascertain whether integrating mechanical parameters with medical imaging can improve our ability to identify patients at highest risk of rapid disease progression or sudden cardiac events.
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Haasdijk RA, Den Dekker WK, Cheng C, Tempel D, Szulcek R, Bos FL, Hermkens DMA, Chrifi I, Brandt MM, Van Dijk C, Xu YJ, Van De Kamp EHM, Blonden LAJ, Van Bezu J, Sluimer JC, Biessen EAL, Van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Duckers HJ. THSD1 preserves vascular integrity and protects against intraplaque haemorrhaging in ApoE-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:129-39. [PMID: 26822228 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Impairment of the endothelial barrier leads to microvascular breakdown in cardiovascular disease and is involved in intraplaque haemorrhaging and the progression of advanced atherosclerotic lesions that are vulnerable to rupture. The exact mechanism that regulates vascular integrity requires further definition. Using a microarray screen for angiogenesis-associated genes during murine embryogenesis, we identified thrombospondin type I domain 1 (THSD1) as a new putative angiopotent factor with unknown biological function. We sought to characterize the role of THSD1 in endothelial cells during vascular development and cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional knockdown of Thsd1 in zebrafish embryos and in a murine retina vascularization model induced severe haemorrhaging without affecting neovascular growth. In human carotid endarterectomy specimens, THSD1 expression by endothelial cells was detected in advanced atherosclerotic lesions with intraplaque haemorrhaging, but was absent in stable lesions, implying involvement of THSD1 in neovascular bleeding. In vitro, stimulation with pro-atherogenic factors (3% O2 and TNFα) decreased THSD1 expression in human endothelial cells, whereas stimulation with an anti-atherogenic factor (IL10) showed opposite effect. Therapeutic evaluation in a murine advanced atherosclerosis model showed that Thsd1 overexpression decreased plaque vulnerability by attenuating intraplaque vascular leakage, subsequently reducing macrophage accumulation and necrotic core size. Mechanistic studies in human endothelial cells demonstrated that THSD1 activates FAK-PI3K, leading to Rac1-mediated actin cytoskeleton regulation of adherens junctions and focal adhesion assembly. CONCLUSION THSD1 is a new regulator of endothelial barrier function during vascular development and protects intraplaque microvessels against haemorrhaging in advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco A Haasdijk
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand K Den Dekker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie Tempel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L Bos
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien M A Hermkens
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M Brandt
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Van Dijk
- Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- Regenerative Vascular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lau A J Blonden
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P Van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J Duckers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The Features of Inflammation Factors Concentrations in Aqueous Humor of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147346. [PMID: 26799405 PMCID: PMC4723149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the cytokine concentrations in the aqueous humor of patients with refractory polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods Three separate groups of patients were studied–refractory PCV (Group A, 41 eyes), stable PCV (Group B, 39 eyes) and senile cataract (Group C, 44 eyes). Aqueous humor samples were collected at two time points for Groups A and B–before the first intravitreal ranibizumab injection and before the last injection. Aqueous humor samples were collected prior to phacoemulsification in Group C. The cytokine concentrations of interleukin 2, 6, and 8 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by cytometric bead array and flow cytometry. Results Before the first treatment, the MCP-1, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group C (P < 0.05), and the MCP-1 and VEGF levels in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B (P < 0.05). Significantly higher MCP-1 and VEGF levels were seen in Group B compared to Group C (P < 0.05). Before the final treatment, the MCP-1, VEGF, and TNF-α concentrations in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B (P < 0.05) and Group C (P < 0.05). IL-2 levels were significantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (P < 0.05) and Group C (P < 0.05). Conclusion Inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1, VEGF, and TNF-α may be associated with the pathogenesis of both stable and refractory PCV.
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Speelman L, Teng Z, Nederveen AJ, van der Lugt A, Gillard JH. MRI-based biomechanical parameters for carotid artery plaque vulnerability assessment. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:493-500. [PMID: 26791734 DOI: 10.1160/th15-09-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerotic plaques are a major cause of ischaemic stroke. The biomechanical environment to which the arterial wall and plaque is subjected to plays an important role in the initiation, progression and rupture of carotid plaques. MRI is frequently used to characterize the morphology of a carotid plaque, but new developments in MRI enable more functional assessment of carotid plaques. In this review, MRI based biomechanical parameters are evaluated on their current status, clinical applicability, and future developments. Blood flow related biomechanical parameters, including endothelial wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index, have been shown to be related to plaque formation. Deriving these parameters directly from MRI flow measurements is feasible and has great potential for future carotid plaque development prediction. Blood pressure induced stresses in a plaque may exceed the tissue strength, potentially leading to plaque rupture. Multi-contrast MRI based stress calculations in combination with tissue strength assessment based on MRI inflammation imaging may provide a plaque stress-strength balance that can be used to assess the plaque rupture risk potential. Direct plaque strain analysis based on dynamic MRI is already able to identify local plaque displacement during the cardiac cycle. However, clinical evidence linking MRI strain to plaque vulnerability is still lacking. MRI based biomechanical parameters may lead to improved assessment of carotid plaque development and rupture risk. However, better MRI systems and faster sequences are required to improve the spatial and temporal resolution, as well as increase the image contrast and signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Speelman
- Dr. Lambert Speelman, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ee 23.38B, P.O Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Tel.: +31 10 70 44039, Fax: +31 10 70 44720, E-mail:
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Li R, Jen N, Wu L, Lee J, Fang K, Quigley K, Lee K, Wang S, Zhou B, Vergnes L, Chen YR, Li Z, Reue K, Ann DK, Hsiai TK. Disturbed Flow Induces Autophagy, but Impairs Autophagic Flux to Perturb Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1207-19. [PMID: 26120766 PMCID: PMC4657520 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Temporal and spatial variations in shear stress are intimately linked with vascular metabolic effects. Autophagy is tightly regulated in intracellular bulk degradation/recycling system for maintaining cellular homeostasis. We postulated that disturbed flow modulates autophagy with an implication in mitochondrial superoxide (mtO2(•-)) production. RESULTS In the disturbed flow or oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-exposed aortic arch, we observed prominent staining of p62, a reverse marker of autophagic flux, whereas in the pulsatile shear stress (PSS)-exposed descending aorta, p62 was attenuated. OSS significantly increased (i) microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to I ratios in human aortic endothelial cells, (ii) autophagosome formation as quantified by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 dots per cell, and (iii) p62 protein levels, whereas manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) overexpression by recombinant adenovirus, N-acetyl cysteine treatment, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition reduced OSS-mediated LC3-II/LC3-I ratios and mitochondrial DNA damage. Introducing bafilomycin to Earle's balanced salt solution or to OSS condition incrementally increased both LC3-II/LC3-I ratios and p62 levels, implicating impaired autophagic flux. In the OSS-exposed aortic arch, both anti-phospho-JNK and anti-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) staining for DNA damage were prominent, whereas in the PSS-exposed descending aorta, the staining was nearly absent. Knockdown of ATG5 with siRNA increased OSS-mediated mtO2(•-), whereas starvation or rapamycin-induced autophagy reduced OSS-mediated mtO2(•-), mitochondrial respiration, and complex II activity. INNOVATION Disturbed flow-mediated oxidative stress and JNK activation induce autophagy. CONCLUSION OSS impairs autophagic flux to interfere with mitochondrial homeostasis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 1207-1219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Nelson Jen
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science , Los Angeles, California
| | - Lan Wu
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Juhyun Lee
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science , Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen Fang
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine Quigley
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine Lee
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Sky Wang
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Bill Zhou
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- 3 Department of Human Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- 4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California
| | - Zhaoping Li
- 5 Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen Reue
- 3 Department of Human Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
| | - David K Ann
- 4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California.,2 Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science , Los Angeles, California.,5 Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California
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Seneviratne AN, Cole JE, Goddard ME, Park I, Mohri Z, Sansom S, Udalova I, Krams R, Monaco C. Low shear stress induces M1 macrophage polarization in murine thin-cap atherosclerotic plaques. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:168-72. [PMID: 26523517 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, a significant component of atherosclerotic plaques vulnerable to acute complications, can be pro-inflammatory (designated M1), regulatory (M2), lipid- (Mox) or Heme-induced (Mhem). We showed previously that low (LSS) and oscillatory (OSS) shear stress cause thin-cap fibroatheroma and stable smooth muscle cell-rich plaque formation respectively in ApoE-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Here we investigated whether different shear stress conditions relate to specific changes in macrophage polarization and plaque morphology by applying a shear stress-altering cast to the carotid arteries of high fat-fed ApoE(-/-) mice. The M1 markers iNOS and IRF5 were highly expressed in macrophage-rich areas of LSS lesions compared to OSS lesions 6weeks after cast placement, while the M2 marker Arginase-1, and Mox/Mhem markers HO-1 and CD163 were elevated in OSS lesions. Our data indicates shear stress could be an important determinant of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis, with low shear promoting M1 programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha N Seneviratne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E Cole
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Inhye Park
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Mohri
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Blood flow is intimately linked with cardiovascular development, repair and dysfunction. The current review will build on the fluid mechanical principle underlying haemodynamic shear forces, mechanotransduction and metabolic effects. RECENT FINDINGS Pulsatile flow produces both time (∂τ/∂t) and spatial-varying shear stress (∂τ/∂x) to modulate vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory response with pathophysiological significance to atherosclerosis. The characteristics of haemodynamic shear forces, namely, steady laminar (∂τ/∂t = 0), pulsatile shear stress (PSS: unidirectional forward flow) and oscillatory shear stress (bidirectional with a near net 0 forward flow), modulate mechano-signal transduction to influence metabolic effects on vascular endothelial function. Atheroprotective PSS promotes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic responses, whereas atherogenic oscillatory shear stress induces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-JNK signalling to increase mitochondrial superoxide production, protein degradation of manganese superoxide dismutase and post-translational protein modifications of LDL particles in the disturbed flow-exposed regions of vasculature. In the era of tissue regeneration, shear stress has been implicated in reactivation of developmental genes, namely, Wnt and Notch signalling, for vascular development and repair. SUMMARY Blood flow imparts a dynamic continuum from vascular development to repair. Augmentation of PSS confers atheroprotection and reactivation of developmental signalling pathways for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - René R. Sevag Packard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, all at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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44
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Costanzo L, Sole A, Tamburino C, Di Pino L. Carotid thin fluttering bands: A new element of arterial wall remodelling? An ultrasound study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31:1393-400. [PMID: 26179862 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotid artery ultrasound is a non-invasive and reproducible technique used for early atherosclerotic assessment. Intimal flap has been described in the presence of dissection or mobile plaque rupture, however presence of carotid thin fluttering bands (TFBs) have not been described yet. To investigate frequency, characteristics and impact of TFBs in carotid lumen of patients who underwent carotid ultrasound scan (CUS). 3341 patients were admitted from January 2009 to January 2014. Patients with history of cerebral ischemia (CI) were excluded. In the cases in which TFBs were observed, a 3-months clinical and CUS follow-up (FU) was performed. TFBs were found in 71 patients (2.1%). The mean age was 63.41 ± 11.20 years (range 42-89). All patients showed a mean increase in intima-media thickness. We identified two subgroups: in 22 patients the TFB was related to a carotid plaque while in 49 no carotid plaque was found. TFB mostly originated in the carotid bulb (88.7%) and was similarly located in carotid arteries (49.3% left-side and 50.7% right-side). CUS and clinical FU were available for all patients (mean duration 25.34 months, median 19). CI occurred in none of the patients. TFB disappeared in 13 patients (18.3%) with no sign or symptoms of CI. In 3 of 49 patients without carotid plaque (6.1%), progressive thickening beneath TFB was observed. TFB is a rare finding. Longer FU is needed to evaluate its prognosis. To date, the pathophysiology is unknown, however it could be related to vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Costanzo
- Cardiotoracovascular Department, Division of Angiology, Ferrarotto-Policlinic Hospital, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sole
- Cardiotoracovascular Department, Division of Angiology, Ferrarotto-Policlinic Hospital, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Tamburino
- Cardiotoracovascular Department, Division of Angiology, Ferrarotto-Policlinic Hospital, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Pino
- Cardiotoracovascular Department, Division of Angiology, Ferrarotto-Policlinic Hospital, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95100, Catania, Italy
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Pedrigi RM, Poulsen CB, Mehta VV, Ramsing Holm N, Pareek N, Post AL, Kilic ID, Banya WAS, Dall'Ara G, Mattesini A, Bjørklund MM, Andersen NP, Grøndal AK, Petretto E, Foin N, Davies JE, Di Mario C, Fog Bentzon J, Erik Bøtker H, Falk E, Krams R, de Silva R. Inducing Persistent Flow Disturbances Accelerates Atherogenesis and Promotes Thin Cap Fibroatheroma Development in D374Y-PCSK9 Hypercholesterolemic Minipigs. Circulation 2015; 132:1003-12. [PMID: 26179404 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.016270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although disturbed flow is thought to play a central role in the development of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques, no causal relationship has been established. We evaluated whether inducing disturbed flow would cause the development of advanced coronary plaques, including thin cap fibroatheroma. METHODS AND RESULTS D374Y-PCSK9 hypercholesterolemic minipigs (n=5) were instrumented with an intracoronary shear-modifying stent (SMS). Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography was obtained at baseline, immediately poststent, 19 weeks, and 34 weeks, and used to compute shear stress metrics of disturbed flow. At 34 weeks, plaque type was assessed within serially collected histological sections and coregistered to the distribution of each shear metric. The SMS caused a flow-limiting stenosis, and blood flow exiting the SMS caused regions of increased shear stress on the outer curvature and large regions of low and multidirectional shear stress on the inner curvature of the vessel. As a result, plaque burden was ≈3-fold higher downstream of the SMS than both upstream of the SMS and in the control artery (P<0.001). Advanced plaques were also primarily observed downstream of the SMS, in locations initially exposed to both low (P<0.002) and multidirectional (P<0.002) shear stress. Thin cap fibroatheroma regions demonstrated significantly lower shear stress that persisted over the duration of the study in comparison with other plaque types (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS These data support a causal role for lowered and multidirectional shear stress in the initiation of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Persistently lowered shear stress appears to be the principal flow disturbance needed for the formation of thin cap fibroatheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Pedrigi
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Christian Bo Poulsen
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Vikram V Mehta
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Niels Ramsing Holm
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Nilesh Pareek
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Anouk L Post
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Ismail Dogu Kilic
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Winston A S Banya
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Gianni Dall'Ara
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Alessio Mattesini
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Martin M Bjørklund
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Niels P Andersen
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Anna K Grøndal
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Enrico Petretto
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Nicolas Foin
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Justin E Davies
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Erling Falk
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Rob Krams
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Ranil de Silva
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.).
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46
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Medina I, Cougoule C, Drechsler M, Bermudez B, Koenen RR, Sluimer J, Wolfs I, Döring Y, Herias V, Gijbels M, Bot I, de Jager S, Weber C, Cleutjens J, van Berkel TJC, Sikkink KJ, Mócsai A, Maridonneau-Parini I, Soehnlein O, Biessen EAL. Hck/Fgr Kinase Deficiency Reduces Plaque Growth and Stability by Blunting Monocyte Recruitment and Intraplaque Motility. Circulation 2015; 132:490-501. [PMID: 26068045 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte migration is critical for the infiltration of monocytes and accumulation of monocyte-derived macrophages in inflammation. Considering that Hck and Fgr are instrumental in this process, their impact on atherosclerosis and on lesion inflammation and stability was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Hematopoietic Hck/Fgr-deficient, LDLr(-/-) chimeras, obtained by bone marrow transplantation, had smaller but, paradoxically, less stable lesions with reduced macrophage content, overt cap thinning, and necrotic core expansion as the most prominent features. Despite a Ly6C(high)-skewed proinflammatory monocyte phenotype, Hck/Fgr deficiency led to disrupted adhesion of myeloid cells to and transmigration across endothelial monolayers in vitro and atherosclerotic plaques in vivo, as assessed by intravital microscopy, flow cytometry, and histological examination of atherosclerotic arteries. Moreover, Hck/Fgr-deficient macrophages showed blunted podosome formation and mesenchymal migration capacity. In consequence, transmigrated double-knockout macrophages were seen to accumulate in the fibrous cap, potentially promoting its focal erosion, as observed for double-knockout chimeras. CONCLUSIONS The hematopoietic deficiency of Hck and Fgr led to attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation by abrogating endothelial adhesion and transmigration; paradoxically, it also promoted plaque instability by causing monocyte subset imbalance and subendothelial accumulation, raising a note of caution regarding src kinase-targeted intervention in plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Medina
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Céline Cougoule
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maik Drechsler
- Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Sluimer
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ine Wolfs
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Veronica Herias
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon Gijbels
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia de Jager
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jack Cleutjens
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo J C van Berkel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kees-Jan Sikkink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Orbis Hospital Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Atilla Mócsai
- Department of Physiology; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology group, Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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47
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Sozzani S, Del Prete A, Bonecchi R, Locati M. Chemokines as effector and target molecules in vascular biology. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:364-72. [PMID: 25969393 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are key mediators of inflammation. In pathological tissues, the main roles of chemokines are to regulate leucocyte accumulation through the activation of oriented cell migration and the activation of limited programs of gene transcription. Through these activities, chemokines exert many crucial functions, including the regulation of angiogenesis. The 'chemokine system' is tightly regulated at several levels, such as the post-transcriptional processing of ligands, the regulation of the expression and function of the receptors and through the expression of molecules known as 'atypical chemokine receptors', proteins that function as chemokine scavenging and presenting molecules. Several experimental evidence obtained in vitro, in animal models and in human studies, has defined a crucial role of chemokines in cardiovascular diseases. An intense area of research is currently exploring the possibility to develop new effective therapeutic strategies through the identification of chemokine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa, 11, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa, 11, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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48
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Winkel LC, Hoogendoorn A, Xing R, Wentzel JJ, Van der Heiden K. Animal models of surgically manipulated flow velocities to study shear stress-induced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:100-10. [PMID: 25969893 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial tree that develops at predisposed sites, coinciding with locations that are exposed to low or oscillating shear stress. Manipulating flow velocity, and concomitantly shear stress, has proven adequate to promote endothelial activation and subsequent plaque formation in animals. In this article, we will give an overview of the animal models that have been designed to study the causal relationship between shear stress and atherosclerosis by surgically manipulating blood flow velocity profiles. These surgically manipulated models include arteriovenous fistulas, vascular grafts, arterial ligation, and perivascular devices. We review these models of manipulated blood flow velocity from an engineering and biological perspective, focusing on the shear stress profiles they induce and the vascular pathology that is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Winkel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruoyu Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda J Wentzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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van der Vorst EPC, Jeurissen M, Wolfs IMJ, Keijbeck A, Theodorou K, Wijnands E, Schurgers L, Weber S, Gijbels MJ, Hamers AAJ, Dreymueller D, Rose-John S, de Winther MPJ, Ludwig A, Saftig P, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1145-55. [PMID: 25659879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. In vitro, Adam10-deficient macrophages showed reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen. In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. Thereby, myeloid ADAM10 may play a causal role in modulating atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mike Jeurissen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ine M J Wolfs
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Keijbeck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvio Weber
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; Heart Research Centre Göttingen, and the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo M P C Donners
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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50
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Hetterich H, Jaber A, Gehring M, Curta A, Bamberg F, Filipovic N, Rieber J. Coronary computed tomography angiography based assessment of endothelial shear stress and its association with atherosclerotic plaque distribution in-vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115408. [PMID: 25635397 PMCID: PMC4312082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The relationship between low endothelial shear stress (ESS) and coronary atherosclerosis is well established. ESS assessment so far depended on invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between ESS and coronary atherosclerosis by using non-invasive coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Methods A total number of 7 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease who received CTA and invasive angiography with IVUS analysis were included in this study. CTA examinations were performed using a dual-source scanner. These datasets were used to build a 3D mesh model. CFD calculations were performed using a validated CFD solver. The presence of plaque was assumed if the thickness of the intima-media complex exceeded 0.3 mm in IVUS. Plaque composition was derived by IVUS radiofrequency data analysis. Results Plaque was present in 32.1% of all analyzed cross-sections. Plaque prevalence was highest in areas of low ESS (49.6%) and high ESS (34.8%). In parts exposed to intermediate-low and intermediate-high ESS few plaques were found (20.0% and 24.0%) (p<0.001). Wall thickness was closely associated with local ESS. Intima-media thickness was 0.43±0.34mm in low and 0.38±0.32mm in high ESS segments. It was significantly lower when the arterial wall was exposed to intermediate ESS (0.25±0.18mm and 0.28 ± 0.20mm) (p<0.001). Fibrofatty tissue was predominately found in areas exposed to low ESS (p≤0.023). Conclusions In this study a close association of atherosclerotic plaque distribution and ESS pattern could be demonstrated in-vivo. Adding CFD analysis to coronary CTA offers the possibility to gather morphologic and physiologic data within one non-invasive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Hetterich
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Jaber
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Gehring
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Curta
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Johannes Rieber
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Heart Center Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
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