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Zhu W, Hong Y, Tong Z, He X, Li Y, Wang H, Gao X, Song P, Zhang X, Wu X, Tan Z, Huang W, Liu Z, Bao Y, Ma J, Zheng N, Xie C, Ke X, Zhou W, Jia W, Li M, Zhong J, Sheng L, Li H. Activation of hepatic adenosine A1 receptor ameliorates MASH via inhibiting SREBPs maturation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101477. [PMID: 38508143 PMCID: PMC10983109 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the advanced stage of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) lacking approved clinical drugs. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily, is mainly distributed in the central nervous system and major peripheral organs with wide-ranging physiological functions; however, the exact role of hepatic A1R in MAFLD remains unclear. Here, we report that liver-specific depletion of A1R aggravates while overexpression attenuates diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver (MAFL)/MASH in mice. Mechanistically, activation of hepatic A1R promotes the competitive binding of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) to sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), rather than protein kinase A (PKA) leading to SCAP degradation in lysosomes. Reduced SCAP hinders SREBP1c/2 maturation and thus suppresses de novo lipogenesis and inflammation. Higher hepatic A1R expression is observed in patients with MAFL/MASH and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which is supposed to be a physiologically adaptive response because A1R agonists attenuate MAFL/MASH in an A1R-dependent manner. These results highlight that hepatic A1R is a potential target for MAFL/MASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhaowei Tong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengtao Song
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xianshan Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaochang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cen Xie
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Abstract
A variety of observational studies have demonstrated that coffee, likely acting through caffeine, improves health outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. The primary pharmacologic role of caffeine is to act as an inhibitor of adenosine receptors. Because key liver cells express adenosine receptors linked to liver injury, regeneration, and fibrosis, it is plausible that the biological effects of coffee are explained by effects of caffeine on adenosinergic signaling in the liver. This review is designed to help the reader make sense of that hypothesis, highlighting key observations in the literature that support or dispute it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Dranoff
- Yale University School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06515, USA.
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Dempsey JL, Ioannou GN, Carr RM. Mechanisms of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Steatotic Liver Diseases. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:367-382. [PMID: 37799111 DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The steatotic diseases of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and chronic hepatitis C (HCV) account for the majority of liver disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. While these diseases have distinct pathogenic and clinical features, dysregulated lipid droplet (LD) organelle biology represents a convergence of pathogenesis in all three. With increasing understanding of hepatocyte LD biology, we now understand the roles of LD proteins involved in these diseases but also how genetics modulate LD biology to either exacerbate or protect against the phenotypes associated with steatotic liver diseases. Here, we review the history of the LD organelle and its biogenesis and catabolism. We also review how this organelle is critical not only for the steatotic phenotype of liver diseases but also for their advanced phenotypes. Finally, we summarize the latest attempts and challenges of leveraging LD biology for therapeutic gain in steatotic diseases. In conclusion, the study of dysregulated LD biology may lead to novel therapeutics for the prevention of disease progression in the highly prevalent steatotic liver diseases of MASLD, ALD, and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - George N Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System Seattle, Washington
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Montoya-Durango D, Walter MN, Rodriguez W, Wang Y, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC, Maldonado C, Barve S, McClain CJ, Gobejishvili L. Dysregulated Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Alcohol-Associated Steatohepatitis: Implications for Novel Targeted Therapies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 37887031 PMCID: PMC10604143 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic nucleotides are second messengers, which play significant roles in numerous biological processes. Previous work has shown that cAMP and cGMP signaling regulates various pathways in liver cells, including Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and cellular components of hepatic sinusoids. Importantly, it has been shown that cAMP levels and enzymes involved in cAMP homeostasis are affected by alcohol. Although the role of cyclic nucleotide signaling is strongly implicated in several pathological pathways in liver diseases, studies describing the changes in genes regulating cyclic nucleotide metabolism in ALD are lacking. METHODS Male C57B/6 mice were used in an intragastric model of alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (ASH). Liver injury, inflammation, and fibrogenesis were evaluated by measuring plasma levels of injury markers, liver tissue cytokines, and gene expression analyses. Liver transcriptome analysis was performed to examine the effects of alcohol on regulators of cyclic AMP and GMP levels and signaling. cAMP and cGMP levels were measured in mouse livers as well as in livers from healthy human donors and patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). RESULTS Our results show significant changes in several phosphodiesterases (PDEs) with specificity to degrade cAMP (Pde4a, Pde4d, and Pde8a) and cGMP (Pde5a, Pde6d, and Pde9a), as well as dual-specificity PDEs (Pde1a and Pde10a) in ASH mouse livers. Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) 7 and 9, which are responsible for cAMP generation, were also affected by alcohol. Importantly, adenosine receptor 1, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, was significantly increased by alcohol. Adrenoceptors 1 and 3 (Adrb), which couple with stimulatory G protein to regulate cAMP and cGMP signaling, were significantly decreased. Additionally, beta arrestin 2, which interacts with cAMP-specific PDE4D to desensitize G-protein-coupled receptor to generate cAMP, was significantly increased by alcohol. Notably, we observed that cAMP levels are much higher than cGMP levels in the livers of humans and mice; however, alcohol affected them differently. Specifically, cGMP levels were higher in patients with AH and ASH mice livers compared with controls. As expected, these changes in liver cyclic nucleotide signaling were associated with increased inflammation, steatosis, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly implicate dysregulated cAMP and cGMP signaling in the pathogenesis of ASH. Future studies to identify changes in these regulators in a cell-specific manner could lead to the development of novel targeted therapies for ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montoya-Durango
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Mary Nancy Walter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Walter Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Department of Neuroscience Training, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA;
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA;
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (S.B.); (C.J.M.)
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (S.B.); (C.J.M.)
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (S.B.); (C.J.M.)
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
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Zhu H, Zhang M, Ye Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Wu X, Lv X. CD73 mitigates hepatic damage in alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating PI3K/AKT-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115753. [PMID: 37611643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a major risk factor for death and disability, resulting in a significant global disease burden. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) reflects an acute exacerbation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and is a growing health care and economic burden worldwide. Pyroptosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ASH. Nt5e (CD73) is a cell surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase, which is a key enzyme that converts the proinflammatory signal ATP to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine (ADO). Studies have found that CD73 is involved in multiple diseases and can alleviate gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis; however, its role and mechanism in ASH are not explicit. AIM To investigate the role and mechanisms of CD73-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis in alcohol-induced liver injury through in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS CD73 knockout (CD73-/-) mice, wild-type (WT) mice, and AML-12 cells were used to evaluate the effect of CD73 on hepatocyte pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. A combination of molecular and histological methods was performed to assess pyroptosis and investigate the mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The protein expression of CD73 and pyroptosis pathway-associated genes was increased significantly in hepatocyte injury model both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, CD73 knockout dramatically aggravated inflammatory damage, lipid accumulation, and hepatocyte pyroptosis in the liver. In vitro, overexpression of CD73 by pEGFP-C1/CD73 can decrease NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in hepatocytes. Further analysis revealed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation. Meanwhile, this pathological process was inhibited after the use of PI3K inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our results show a novel function of CD73 regulates hepatocytes pyroptosis and highlights the therapeutic opportunity for reducing the disease process in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhenni Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Li K, Wang WH, Wu JB, Xiao WH. β-hydroxybutyrate: A crucial therapeutic target for diverse liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115191. [PMID: 37487440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), the most abundant ketone body, is produced primarily in the liver and acts as a substitute energy fuel to provide energy to extrahepatic tissues in the event of hypoglycemia or glycogen depletion. We now have an improved understanding of β-HB as a signal molecule and epigenetic regulatory factor as a result of intensive research over the last ten years. Because β-HB regulates various physiological and pathological processes, it may have a potential role in the treatment of metabolic diseases. The liver is the most significant metabolic organ, and the part that β-HB plays in liver disorders is receiving increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of β-HB on liver diseases and its underlying mechanisms of action. Moreover, we explore the prospects of exogenous supplements and endogenous ketosis including fasting, caloric restriction (CR), ketogenic diet (KD), and exercise as adjuvant nutritional therapies to protect the liver from damage and provide insights and strategies for exploring the treatment of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wu
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xiao
- Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Buist-Homan M, Schmidt M, Moshage H. Protective effects of caffeine against palmitate-induced lipid toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes is associated with modulation of adenosine receptor A1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114884. [PMID: 37423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between coffee consumption and reduced risk for chronic liver diseases, including metabolic-dysfunction-associated liver disease (MALFD). Lipotoxicity is a key cause of hepatocyte injury during MAFLD. The coffee component caffeine is known to modulate adenosine receptor signaling via the antagonism of adenosine receptors. The involvement of these receptors in the prevention of hepatic lipotoxicity has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether caffeine protects against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by modulating adenosine receptor signaling. METHODS Primary hepatocytes were isolated from male rats. Hepatocytes were treated with palmitate with or without caffeine or 1,7DMX. Lipotoxicity was verified using Sytox viability staining and mitochondrial JC-10 staining. PKA activation was verified by Western blotting. Selective (ant)agonists of A1AR (DPCPX and CPA, respectively) and A2AR (istradefyline and regadenoson, respectively), the AMPK inhibitor compound C, and the Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp8CTP were used. Lipid accumulation was verified by ORO and BODIPY 453/50 staining. RESULTS Caffeine and its metabolite 1,7DMX prevented palmitate-induced toxicity in hepatocytes. The A1AR antagonist DPCPX also prevented lipotoxicity, whereas both the inhibition of PKA and the A1AR agonist CPA (partially) abolished the protective effect. Caffeine and DPCPX increased lipid droplet formation only in palmitate-treated hepatocytes and decreased mitochondrial ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of caffeine against palmitate lipotoxicity was shown to be dependent on A1AR receptor and PKA activation. Antagonism of A1AR also protects against lipotoxicity. Targeting A1AR receptor may be a potential therapeutic intervention with which to treat MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Arroyave-Ospina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Kroll RG, Powell C, Chen J, Snider NT, St. Hilaire C, Reddy A, Kim J, Pinsky DJ, Murthy VL, Sutton NR. Circulating Ectonucleotidases Signal Impaired Myocardial Perfusion at Rest and Stress. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027920. [PMID: 37119076 PMCID: PMC10227209 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Ectonucleotidases maintain vascular homeostasis by metabolizing extracellular nucleotides, modulating inflammation and thrombosis, and potentially, myocardial flow through adenosine generation. Evidence implicates dysfunction or deficiency of ectonucleotidases CD39 or CD73 in human disease; the utility of measuring levels of circulating ectonucleotidases as plasma biomarkers of coronary artery dysfunction or disease has not been previously reported. Methods and Results A total of 529 individuals undergoing clinically indicated positron emission tomography stress testing between 2015 and 2019 were enrolled in this single-center retrospective analysis. Baseline demographics, clinical data, nuclear stress test, and coronary artery calcium score variables were collected, as well as a blood sample. CD39 and CD73 levels were assessed as binary (detectable, undetectable) or continuous variables using ELISAs. Plasma CD39 was detectable in 24% of White and 8% of Black study participants (P=0.02). Of the clinical history variables examined, ectonucleotidase levels were most strongly associated with underlying liver disease and not other traditional coronary artery disease risk factors. Intriguingly, detection of circulating ectonucleotidase was inversely associated with stress myocardial blood flow (2.3±0.8 mL/min per g versus 2.7 mL/min per g±1.1 for detectable versus undetectable CD39 levels, P<0.001) and global myocardial flow reserve (Pearson correlation between myocardial flow reserve and log(CD73) -0.19, P<0.001). A subanalysis showed these differences held true independent of liver disease. Conclusions Vasodilatory adenosine is the expected product of local ectonucleotidase activity, yet these data support an inverse relationship between plasma ectonucleotidases, stress myocardial blood flow (CD39), and myocardial flow reserve (CD73). These findings support the conclusion that plasma levels of ectonucleotidases, which may be shed from the endothelial surface, contribute to reduced stress myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Kroll
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Corey Powell
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, and Analytics ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Cynthia St. Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and BioengineeringVascular Medicine Institute, University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Akshay Reddy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Judy Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - David J. Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Venkatesh L. Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
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Nishiyama K, Ariyoshi K, Nishimura A, Kato Y, Mi X, Kurose H, Kim SG, Nishida M. Knockout of Purinergic P2Y 6 Receptor Fails to Improve Liver Injury and Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043800. [PMID: 36835211 PMCID: PMC9963899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease that progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and which is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. The purinergic P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) is a pro-inflammatory Gq/G12 family protein-coupled receptor and reportedly contributes to intestinal inflammation and cardiovascular fibrosis, but its role in liver pathogenesis is unknown. Human genomics data analysis revealed that the liver P2Y6R mRNA expression level is increased during the progression from NAFL to NASH, which positively correlates with inductions of C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and collagen type I α1 chain (Col1a1) mRNAs. Therefore, we examined the impact of P2Y6R functional deficiency in mice crossed with a NASH model using a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD). Feeding CDAHFD for 6 weeks markedly increased P2Y6R expression level in mouse liver, which was positively correlated with CCL2 mRNA induction. Unexpectedly, the CDAHFD treatment for 6 weeks increased liver weights with severe steatosis in both wild-type (WT) and P2Y6R knockout (KO) mice, while the disease marker levels such as serum AST and liver CCL2 mRNA in CDAHFD-treated P2Y6R KO mice were rather aggravated compared with those of CDAHFD-treated WT mice. Thus, P2Y6R may not contribute to the progression of liver injury, despite increased expression in NASH liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Ariyoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuri Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xinya Mi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-92-642-6556
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10
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Shi H, Dai H, Sun Q, Wang S, Chen Y. CD73, a significant protein in liver diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1147782. [PMID: 37122331 PMCID: PMC10130655 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine adenosine pathway exists widely in the body metabolism, and is involved in regulating various physiological processes. It is one of the important pathways of environmental regulation in human body. CD73 is essentially a protease that catalyzes further dephosphorylation of extracellular adenine nucleotides, hydrolyzing extracellular AMP to adenosine and phosphate. CD73 is an important part of the adenosine signaling pathway. Studies have shown that CD73-mediated adenosine pathway can convert the inflammatory ATP into the immunosuppressant adenosine. This paper aims to summarize the relevant effects of CD73 in the occurrence, development and prognosis of liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, highlight the important role of CD73 in liver diseases, especially in viral hepatitis such as HBV and HCV, and explore new clinical ideas for future treatment targets of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Huilian Shi,
| | - Heng Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yuanyuan Chen,
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11
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Kotańska M, Dziubina A, Szafarz M, Mika K, Bednarski M, Nicosia N, Temirak A, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Preliminary Evidence of the Potent and Selective Adenosine A2B Receptor Antagonist PSB-603 in Reducing Obesity and Some of Its Associated Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13439. [PMID: 36362227 PMCID: PMC9656786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors are promising therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity and diabetes since the agonists and antagonists of these receptors have the potential to positively affect metabolic disorders. The present study investigated the link between body weight reduction, glucose homeostasis, and anti-inflammatory activity induced by a highly potent and specific adenosine A2B receptor antagonist, compound PSB-603. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, and after 12 weeks, they were treated for 14 days intraperitoneally with the test compound. The A1/A2A/A2B receptor antagonist theophylline was used as a reference. Following two weeks of treatment, different biochemical parameters were determined, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, TNF-α, and IL-6 blood levels, as well as glucose and insulin tolerance. To avoid false positive results, mouse locomotor and spontaneous activities were assessed. Both theophylline and PSB-603 significantly reduced body weight in obese mice. Both compounds had no effects on glucose levels in the obese state; however, PSB-603, contrary to theophylline, significantly reduced triglycerides and total cholesterol blood levels. Thus, our observations showed that selective A2B adenosine receptor blockade has a more favourable effect on the lipid profile than nonselective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Dziubina
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Chair of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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12
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Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102530. [PMID: 36289791 PMCID: PMC9599689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to a spectrum of liver manifestations ranging from fatty liver diseases, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis with chronic inflammation primarily due to excessive alcohol use. Currently, ALD is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease-associated mortality worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of ALD has been intensively investigated, the present understanding of its biomarkers in the context of early clinical diagnosis is not complete, and novel therapeutic targets that can significantly alleviate advanced forms of ALD are limited. While alcohol abstinence remains the primary therapeutic intervention for managing ALD, there are currently no approved medications for treating ALD. Furthermore, given the similarities and the differences between ALD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in terms of disease progression and underlying molecular mechanisms, numerous studies have demonstrated that many therapeutic interventions targeting several signaling pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, hormonal regulation, and hepatocyte death play a significant role in ALD treatment. Therefore, in this review, we summarized several key molecular targets and their modes of action in ALD progression. We also described the updated therapeutic options for ALD management with a particular emphasis on potentially novel signaling pathways.
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13
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Cai Y, Chen X, Yi B, Li J, Wen Z. Pathophysiology roles for adenosine 2A receptor in obesity and related diseases. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13490. [PMID: 35796566 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a burgeoning worldwide health system challenge, is associated with several comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis, leading to serious problems to people's health. Adenosine is a critical extracellular signaling molecule that has essential functions in regulating most organ systems by binding to four G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors, denoted A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 . Among the receptors, a growing body evidence highlights the key roles of the adenosine 2A receptor (A2A R) in obesity and related diseases. In the current review, we summarize the effects of A2A R in obesity and obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis, to clarify the complicated impacts of A2A R on obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Lin Y, Wang H, Du W, Huang Y, Gong W, Wang Q, Huang Z, Lin J. Analysis of the interaction between A 1 R and A 2A R proteins in living cells based on FRET imaging and batch processing method. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200056. [PMID: 35384328 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative FRET analysis of living cells is a tedious and time-consuming task for freshman lacks technical training. In this study, FRET imaging and batch processing method were combined to analyze reagents-induced interactions of A1 R and A2A R on cell membranes. Results showed that the method had taken less time than if cell-by-cell was analyzed. The accuracy and repeatability of FRET efficiency values were likewise improved by removing the interference from anthropogenic factors. Then this method was applied to rapidly analyze acetaldehyde-induced interactions, which analyzed hundreds of single-cell trends by one operation, and the results revealed that interactions were consistently attenuated in LX-2 cells, and statistical differences appeared after 30 min. Combined with batch processing method, procedures of cells FRET analysis have been greatly simplified without additional technical work, which has broad prospects in large-scale analysis of cellar protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zufang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juqiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, and Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Optoelectronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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15
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Li J, Yan H, Xiang R, Yang W, Ye J, Yin R, Yang J, Chi Y. ATP Secretion and Metabolism in Regulating Pancreatic Beta Cell Functions and Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:918042. [PMID: 35800345 PMCID: PMC9253475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes (DM), especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has become one of the major diseases severely threatening public health worldwide. Islet beta cell dysfunctions and peripheral insulin resistance including liver and muscle metabolic disorder play decisive roles in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Particularly, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis due to insulin deficiency or resistance is the central event in the development of fasting hyperglycemia. To maintain or restore the functions of islet beta cells and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial for delaying or even stopping the progression of T2DM and diabetic complications. As the key energy outcome of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays vital roles in the process of almost all the biological activities including metabolic regulation. Cellular adenosine triphosphate participates intracellular energy transfer in all forms of life. Recently, it had also been revealed that ATP can be released by islet beta cells and hepatocytes, and the released ATP and its degraded products including ADP, AMP and adenosine act as important signaling molecules to regulate islet beta cell functions and hepatic glycolipid metabolism via the activation of P2 receptors (ATP receptors). In this review, the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular ATP in regulating islet functions and hepatic glycolipid metabolism would be briefly summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), National Center for Trauma Medicine, Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichun Yang, ; Yujing Chi,
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichun Yang, ; Yujing Chi,
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16
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Duan L, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor even beyond the therapeutic window of N-acetylcysteine accelerates liver recovery after an acetaminophen overdose. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112911. [PMID: 35292334 PMCID: PMC9018526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. The short therapeutic window of the current antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) highlights the need for novel late acting therapeutics. The neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 provides delayed protection against APAP hepatotoxicity through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The clinical relevance of this mechanism was investigated here by administration of the A2BAR agonist BAY 60-6583, after an APAP overdose (300 or 600 mg/kg) in fasted male and female C57BL/6J mice with assessment of liver injury 6 or 24 h after APAP in comparison to NAC. BAY 60-6583 treatment 1.5 h after APAP overdose (600 mg/kg) protected against liver injury at 6 h by preserving mitochondrial function despite JNK activation and its mitochondrial translocation. Gender independent protection was sustained when BAY 60-6583 was given 6 h after APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), when NAC administration did not show benefit. This protection was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of macrophages with the reparative anti-inflammatory phenotype by 24 h, accompanied by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration. Thus, our data emphasize the remarkable therapeutic utility of using an A2BAR agonist, which provides delayed protection long after the standard of care NAC ceased to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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17
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Li N, Shan S, Li XQ, Chen TT, Qi M, Zhang SN, Wang ZY, Zhang LL, Wei W, Sun WY. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 as Novel Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:822345. [PMID: 35111168 PMCID: PMC8801426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.822345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), an important subtype of GRKs, specifically phosphorylates agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Besides, current research confirms that it participates in multiple regulation of diverse cells via a non-phosphorylated pathway, including interacting with various non-receptor substrates and binding partners. Fibrosis is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in the repair process of many tissues due to various pathogenic factors such as inflammation, injury, drugs, etc. The characteristics of fibrosis are the activation of fibroblasts leading to myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation, subsequent aggerate excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Then, a positive feedback loop is occurred between tissue stiffness caused by ECM and fibroblasts, ultimately resulting in distortion of organ architecture and function. At present, GRK2, which has been described as a multifunctional protein, regulates copious signaling pathways under pathophysiological conditions correlated with fibrotic diseases. Along with GRK2-mediated regulation, there are diverse effects on the growth and apoptosis of different cells, inflammatory response and deposition of ECM, which are essential in organ fibrosis progression. This review is to highlight the relationship between GRK2 and fibrotic diseases based on recent research. It is becoming more convincing that GRK2 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in many fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
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18
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Zhao N, Xia GQ, Cai JN, Li ZX, Lv XW. Adenosine receptor A2B mediates alcoholic hepatitis by regulating cAMP levels and the NF-KB pathway. Toxicol Lett 2022; 359:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Sanni O, Terre'Blanche G. Therapeutic potentials of agonist and antagonist of adenosine receptors in type 2 diabetes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1073-1090. [PMID: 34165671 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has been a global health challenge over the decades and is among the leading causes of death. Several treatment approaches have been developed, but more effective and new therapies are still needed. The role of adenosine in glucose and lipid homeostasis has offered a different therapeutic approach. Adenosine mediates its physiological role through the activation of adenosine receptors. These adenosine receptors have been implicated in glucose and lipid homeostasis. The ability of agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors to activate or inhibit the adenosine signalling cascade and thereby affecting the balance of glucose and lipid homeostasis has challenged the studies of agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors, both preclinical and clinical, as potential anti-diabetic drugs. This review provides a background on different anti-diabetic therapeutic approaches, outlining the role of adenosine receptors in glucose and lipid homeostasis, and mechanisms underlying the action of agonists/antagonists of adenosine receptors as a therapeutic potential towards type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle Sanni
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), School of Health Sciences. North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, 2357, South Africa.
| | - G Terre'Blanche
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), School of Health Sciences. North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, 2357, South Africa
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20
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Alchera E, Chandrashekar BR, Clemente N, Borroni E, Boldorini R, Carini R. Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Fatty Liver Is Protected by A2AR and Exacerbated by A1R Stimulation through Opposite Effects on ASK1 Activation. Cells 2021; 10:3171. [PMID: 34831394 PMCID: PMC8618984 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is aggravated by steatosis and is a main risk factor in fatty liver transplantation. Adenosine receptors (ARs) are emerging as therapeutic targets in liver diseases. By using cellular and in vivo systems of hepatic steatosis and IRI, here we evaluated the effects of pharmacological A2AR and A1R activation. The A2AR agonist CGS21680 protected the primary steatotic murine hepatocyte from IR damage and the activation of ASK1 and JNK. Such an effect was attributed to a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent inhibition of ASK1. By contrast, the A1R agonist CCPA enhanced IR damage, intracellular steatosis and oxidative species (OS) production, thereby further increasing the lipid/OS-dependent ASK1-JNK stimulation. The CGS2680 and CCPA effects were nullified by a genetic ASK1 downregulation in steatotic hepatoma C1C7 cells. In steatotic mice livers, CGS21680 protected against hepatic IRI and ASK1/JNK activation whereas CCPA aggravated hepatic steatosis and IRI, and enhanced ASK1 and JNK stimulation. These results evidence a novel mechanism of CGS21680-mediated hepatoprotection, i.e., the PI3K/AKT-dependent inhibition of ASK1, and they show that CGS21680 and CCPA reduces and enhances the IRI of fatty liver, respectively, by preventing or increasing the activation of the cytotoxic ASK1/JNK axis. They also indicate the selective employment of A2AR agonists as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent IRI in human fatty liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita Carini
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.A.); (B.R.C.); (N.C.); (E.B.); (R.B.)
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21
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Jain S, Barella LF, Wess J, Reitman ML, Jacobson KA. Adenosine A 1 receptor is dispensable for hepatocyte glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114739. [PMID: 34418353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic insulin resistance (IR) and enhanced hepatic glucose production (HGP) are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D), contributing to fasting hyperglycemia. Adenosine receptors (ARs) are G protein-coupled and expressed in hepatocytes. Here, we explored the role of hepatic Gi/o-coupled A1AR on insulin resistance and glucose fluxes associated with obesity. We generated a mouse model with hepatocyte-specific deletion of A1AR (A1LΔ/Δ), which was compared with whole body knockout of A1AR or A1AR/A3AR (both Gi-coupled). Selective deletion of hepatic A1AR resulted in a modest improvement in insulin sensitivity. In addition, HFD A1LΔ/Δ mice showed decreased fasting glucose levels. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies demonstrated enhanced insulin sensitivity with no change in HGP in HFD A1LΔ/Δ mice. Similar to A1LΔ/Δ, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in whole body A1Δ/Δ and A1Δ/ΔA3Δ/Δ compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, our data support the concept that blocking hepatic A1AR may decrease fasting blood glucose levels without directly affecting hepatocyte glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Concomitant administration of HAART aggravates anti-Koch-induced oxidative hepatorenal damage via dysregulation of glutathione and elevation of uric acid production. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111309. [PMID: 33524784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Koch and HAART have been shown to independently induce toxicity to the liver and kidney, albeit available data are few and inconsistent. The present study evaluates the impact of Anti-Koch and HAART, when administered singly and in combination, on hepatic and renal status, and the possible role of adenine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway. Anti-Koch and HAART administration were observed to independently impair hepatic and renal functions, diminish glutathione content, and substantially increase lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitrogen reactive specie (NO). Coherently, these drugs caused significant accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, up-regulated ADA/XO signaling, increased uric acid production, and enhanced DNA fragmentation in the liver and kidney. Anti-Koch treatment did not significantly alter hepatic and renal levels of nitric oxide nor induce DNA fragmentation in the kidney. Co-administration of anti-Koch and HAART aggravated the observed biochemical alterations. Findings from the histopathological studies of the liver and renal tissues were in agreement with observed biochemical alterations. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal that anti-Koch and HAART, when administered singly or in combination, attenuate glutathione content and elevate uric acid production in the liver and kidney via upregulation of ADA/XO signaling with resultant oxidative and nitrosative stress, and increased DNA fragmentation.
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CD73 Maintains Hepatocyte Metabolic Integrity and Mouse Liver Homeostasis in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:141-157. [PMID: 33516905 PMCID: PMC8082562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic imbalance and inflammation are common features of chronic liver diseases. Molecular factors controlling these mechanisms represent potential therapeutic targets. CD73 is the major enzyme that dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form the anti-inflammatory adenosine. CD73 is expressed on pericentral hepatocytes, which are important for long-term liver homeostasis. We aimed to determine if CD73 has nonredundant hepatoprotective functions. METHODS Liver-specific CD73 knockout (CD73-LKO) mice were generated by targeting the Nt5e gene in hepatocytes. The CD73-LKO mice and hepatocytes were characterized using multiple approaches. RESULTS Deletion of hepatocyte Nt5e resulted in an approximately 70% reduction in total liver CD73 protein (P < .0001). Male and female CD73-LKO mice developed normally during the first 21 weeks without significant liver phenotypes. Between 21 and 42 weeks, the CD73-LKO mice developed spontaneous-onset liver disease, with significant severity in male mice. Middle-aged male CD73-LKO mice showed hepatocyte swelling and ballooning (P < .05), inflammation (P < .01), and variable steatosis. Female CD73-LKO mice had lower serum albumin levels (P < .05) and increased inflammatory genes (P < .01), but did not show the spectrum of histopathologic changes in male mice, potentially owing to compensatory induction of adenosine receptors. Serum analysis and proteomic profiling of hepatocytes from male CD73-LKO mice showed significant metabolic imbalance, with increased blood urea nitrogen (P < .0001) and impairments in major metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. There was significant hypophosphorylation of AMPK substrates in CD73-LKO livers (P < .0001), while in isolated hepatocytes treated with AMP, soluble CD73 induced AMPK activation (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte CD73 supports long-term metabolic liver homeostasis through AMPK in a sex-dependent manner. These findings have implications for human liver diseases marked by CD73 dysregulation.
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Abstract
Extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides activate a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as purinergic receptors, comprising adenosine and P2Y receptors. Furthermore, purinergic P2X ion channels are activated by ATP. These receptors are expressed in liver resident cells and play a critical role in maintaining liver function. In the normal physiology, these receptors regulate hepatic metabolic processes such as insulin responsiveness, glycogen and lipid metabolism, and bile secretion. In disease states, ATP and other nucleotides serve as danger signals and modulate purinergic responses in the cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that purinergic receptors play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver inflammation. In this concise review, we dissect the role of purinergic signaling in different liver resident cells involved in maintaining healthy liver function and in the development of the above-mentioned liver pathologies. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for liver diseases by targeting adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors.
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Jain S, Jacobson KA. Purinergic signaling in diabetes and metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114393. [PMID: 33359363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling, a concept originally formulated by the late Geoffrey Burnstock (1929-2020), was found to modulate pathways in every physiological system. In metabolic disorders there is a role for both adenosine receptors and P2 (nucleotide) receptors, of which there are two classes, i.e. P2Y metabotropic and P2X ionotropic receptors. The individual roles of the 19 receptors encompassed by this family have been dissected - and in many cases the effects associated with specific cell types, including adipocytes, skeletal muscle, liver cells and immune cells. It is suggested that ligands selective for each of the four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3), and several of the P2 subtypes (e.g. P2Y6 or P2X7 antagonists) might have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes and obesity. This is a developing story with some conflicting conclusions relevant to drug discovery, which we summarize here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Akhigbe RE, Ajayi LO, Ajayi AF. Codeine exerts cardiorenal injury via upregulation of adenine deaminase/xanthine oxidase and caspase 3 signaling. Life Sci 2020; 273:118717. [PMID: 33159958 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Codeine treatment has been shown to be associated with glucolipid deregulation, though data reporting this are inconsistent and the mechanisms are not well understood. Perturbation of glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. We thus, hypothesized that depletion of glutathione contents and upregulation of ADA/XO are involved in codeine-induced glucolipid deregulation. The present study also investigated whether or not codeine administration would induce genotoxicity and apoptosis in cardiac and renal tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male New Zealand rabbits received per os distilled water or codeine, either in low dose (4 mg/kg) or high dose (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Codeine treatment led to reduced absolute and relative cardiac and renal mass independent of body weight change, increased blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), as well as increased atherogenic indices and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). Codeine administration significantly increased markers of cardiac and renal injury, as well as impaired cardiorenal functions. Codeine treatment also resulted in increased cardiac and renal malondialdehyde, Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), ADA, XO, and caspase 3 activities. These observations were accompanied by impaired activities of cardiac and renal proton pumps. SIGNIFICANCE Findings of this study demonstrate that upregulation of ADA/XO and caspase 3 signaling are, at least partly, contributory to the glucolipid deregulation and cardiorenal injury induced by codeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - L O Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria.
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cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101433. [PMID: 33050657 PMCID: PMC7600246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cellular responses to extracellular signals is well established. Many years after discovery, our understanding of the intricacy of cAMP signaling has improved dramatically. Multiple layers of regulation exist to ensure the specificity of cellular cAMP signaling. Hence, disturbances in cAMP homeostasis could arise at multiple levels, from changes in G protein coupled receptors and production of cAMP to the rate of degradation by phosphodiesterases. cAMP signaling plays critical roles in metabolism, inflammation and development of fibrosis in several tissues. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a multifactorial condition ranging from a simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, which might lead to hepatocellular cancer. To date, there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD. Hence, identifying the targets for the treatment of ALD is an important undertaking. Several human studies have reported the changes in cAMP homeostasis in relation to alcohol use disorders. cAMP signaling has also been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of ALD. This review focuses on the role of cAMP in the pathobiology of ALD with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting cAMP signaling for the treatment of various stages of ALD.
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Allard B, Allard D, Buisseret L, Stagg J. The adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:611-629. [PMID: 32514148 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from such treatments. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of 'next-generation' therapeutics in immuno-oncology, with inhibitors of extracellular adenosine (eADO) signalling constituting an expanding class of agents. Induced by tissue hypoxia, inflammation, tissue repair and specific oncogenic pathways, the adenosinergic axis is a broadly immunosuppressive pathway that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inhibition of eADO-generating enzymes and/or eADO receptors can promote antitumour immunity through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of T cell and natural killer cell function, suppression of the pro-tumourigenic effects of myeloid cells and other immunoregulatory cells, and promotion of antigen presentation. With several clinical trials currently evaluating inhibitors of the eADO pathway in patients with cancer, we herein review the pathophysiological function of eADO with a focus on effects on antitumour immunity. We also discuss the treatment opportunities, potential limitations and biomarker-based strategies related to adenosine-targeted therapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Stagg
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Zhou SN, Zhang N, Liu HH, Xia P, Zhang C, Song JW, Fan X, Shi M, Jin L, Zhang JY, Wang FS. Skewed CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway contributes to B-cell hyperactivation and disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 9:49-58. [PMID: 33747526 PMCID: PMC7962744 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying B-cell hyperactivation in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remain largely undefined. The present study assessed the clinical characteristics of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods We examined CD39 and CD73 expression and adenosine production by B-cells from 202 HBV-infected patients. B-cell-activation phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry after CpG+CD40 ligand stimulation with or without blockade and activation of the adenosine pathway. Results CD39 and CD73 expression on circulating B-cells was decreased in CHB patients with high HBV DNA, HBeAg positivity, high HBsAg levels, and active liver inflammation, and was hierarchically restored in complete responders according to HBeAg seroconversion or HBsAg reduction. However, CD39 and CD73 expression on activated memory and tissue-like memory B-cell subsets in complete responders was not increased despite effective antiviral treatments. Furthermore, CD39 and CD73 expression on intra-hepatic B-cells was decreased in inflammatory livers. In vitro, B-cells from CHB patients showed a markedly reduced capacity to generate CD39/CD73-dependent extracellular adenosine and expressed increased levels of activation markers after adenosine-production blockade. Contrastingly, metformin significantly reduced activation-marker expression via regulating AMP-activated protein kinase. Conclusions The skewed CD39 and CD73 expression on B-cells was associated with a high viral burden, liver inflammation, and antiviral efficacy in CHB patients, and the skewed CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway contributed to B-cell hyperactivation. Regulation of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway using metformin may represent a therapeutic option to reverse HBV-induced immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Nan Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China.,Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Liver transplatation Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hong Liu
- International Center for Liver Disease Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Fan
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shi
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jin
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China.,Infectious Disease Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
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Klujszo EH, Parcheta P, Witkowska AB, Krecisz B. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriasis: therapeutic implications. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:468-474. [PMID: 32994765 PMCID: PMC7507165 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.83983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver pathology in the western countries. Psoriatic patients are at higher risk of having NAFLD, and at higher risk of experiencing a more severe form of the disease with poorer outcomes. The components of the metabolic syndrome - obesity, lipid abnormalities, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes - significantly correlate with NAFLD progression. The inflammatory state present in psoriasis plays a significant role in development of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. All patients with psoriasis and insulin resistance and risk factors for metabolic syndrome should also been screened for NAFLD, and planning of the treatment options should always take into consideration the possible risks related to the liver, especially in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Parcheta
- Department of Dermatology, Regional Hospital, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Beata Krecisz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Wang P, Jia J, Zhang D. Purinergic signalling in liver diseases: Pathological functions and therapeutic opportunities. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100165. [PMID: 33103092 PMCID: PMC7575885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides, including ATP, are essential regulators of liver function and serve as danger signals that trigger inflammation upon injury. Ectonucleotidases, which are expressed by liver-resident cells and recruited immune cells sequentially hydrolyse nucleotides to adenosine. The nucleotide/nucleoside balance orchestrates liver homeostasis, tissue repair, and functional restoration by regulating the crosstalk between liver-resident cells and recruited immune cells. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge on the role of purinergic signals in liver homeostasis, restriction of inflammation, stimulation of liver regeneration, modulation of fibrogenesis, and regulation of carcinogenesis. Moreover, we discuss potential targeted therapeutic strategies for liver diseases based on purinergic signals involving blockade of nucleotide receptors, enhancement of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity, and activation of adenosine receptors.
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Key Words
- A1, adenosine receptor A1
- A2A, adenosine receptor A2A
- A2B, adenosine receptor A2B
- A3, adenosine receptor A3
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- APCP, α,β-methylene ADP
- Adenosine receptors
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CD73, ecto-5ʹ-nucleotidase
- ConA, concanavalin A
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMN, dimethylnitrosamine
- Ecto-5ʹ-nucleotidase
- Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IFN, interferon
- IL-, interleukin-
- IPC, ischaemic preconditioning
- IR, ischaemia-reperfusion
- Liver
- MAPK, mitogen-activating protein kinase
- MCDD, methionine- and choline-deficient diet
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NK, natural killer
- NKT, natural killer T
- NTPDases, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases
- Nucleotide receptors
- P1, purinergic type 1
- P2, purinergic type 2
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PH, partial hepatectomy
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPADS, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonate
- Purinergic signals
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAA, thioacetamide
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
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Zhang Y, Zhu H, Layritz F, Luo H, Wohlfahrt T, Chen CW, Soare A, Bergmann C, Ramming A, Groeber F, Reuter C, Fornasini G, Soukhareva N, Schreiber B, Ramamurthy S, Amann K, Schett G, Distler JHW. Recombinant Adenosine Deaminase Ameliorates Inflammation, Vascular Disease, and Fibrosis in Preclinical Models of Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1385-1395. [PMID: 32182396 DOI: 10.1002/art.41259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by fibrosis, vascular disease, and inflammation. Adenosine signaling plays a central role in fibroblast activation. We undertook this study to evaluate the therapeutic effects of adenosine depletion with PEGylated adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) in preclinical models of SSc. METHODS The effects of PEG-ADA on inflammation, vascular remodeling, and tissue fibrosis were analyzed in Fra-2 mice and in a B10.D2→BALB/c (H-2d ) model of sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The effects of PEG-ADA were confirmed in vitro in a human full-thickness skin model. RESULTS PEG-ADA effectively inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and reduced pulmonary fibrosis by 34.3% (with decreased collagen expression) (P = 0.0079; n = 6), dermal fibrosis by 51.8% (P = 0.0006; n = 6), and intestinal fibrosis by 17.7% (P = 0.0228; n = 6) in Fra-2 mice. Antifibrotic effects of PEG-ADA were also demonstrated in sclerodermatous chronic GVHD (reduced by 38.4%) (P = 0.0063; n = 8), and in a human full-thickness skin model. PEG-ADA treatment decreased inflammation and corrected the M2/Th2/group 2 innate lymphoid cell 2 bias. Moreover, PEG-ADA inhibited proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (reduced by 40.5%) (P < 0.0001; n = 6), and prevented thickening of the vessel walls (reduced by 39.6%) (P = 0.0028; n = 6) and occlusions of pulmonary arteries (reduced by 63.9%) (P = 0.0147; n = 6). Treatment with PEG-ADA inhibited apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells (reduced by 65.4%) (P = 0.0001; n = 6) and blunted the capillary rarefication (reduced by 32.5%) (P = 0.0199; n = 6). RNA sequencing demonstrated that treatment with PEG-ADA normalized multiple pathways related to fibrosis, vasculopathy, and inflammation in Fra-2 mice. CONCLUSION Treatment with PEG-ADA ameliorates the 3 cardinal features of SSc in pharmacologically relevant and well-tolerated doses. These findings may have direct translational implications, as PEG-ADA has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with ADA-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany, and Xiangya Hospital and Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Hui Luo
- Xiangya Hospital and Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Alina Soare
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Groeber
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg and Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Reuter
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg and Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Georg Schett
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Hong Y, Li B, Zheng N, Wu G, Ma J, Tao X, Chen L, Zhong J, Sheng L, Li H. Integrated Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Alleviating High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:833. [PMID: 32587515 PMCID: PMC7299173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most herbal polysaccharides possess multiple benefits against metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with chow or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) supplementation, and gut microbial profile and metabolite profile were studied by metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. APS was effective in alleviating HFD-induced metabolic disorders, with the alteration of gut microbiota composition and function. A total of 188 species, which mainly from Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla, and 36 metabolites were markedly changed by HFD and revered by APS. Additionally, the altered glutathione metabolism and purine metabolism pathways were identified by both metagenomic function analysis and metabolite pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the gut microbial alteration was associated with the changes of key intestinal metabolites. We found 31 and 20 species were correlated with purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism, respectively. Together, our results showed significant metagenomic and metabolomic changes after HFD feeding and APS intervention, revealed the potential correlation between gut microbial species and metabolites, and highlighted mechanisms of herb-derived polysaccharides by modulating gut microbiome and host metabolism underlying their benefits on metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ibars M, Maier MT, Yulyaningsih E, Perez L, Cheang R, Vilhelmsson A, Louie SM, Wegner SA, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK, Hopf FW, Nomura DK, Koliwad SK, Xu AW. Neuronal modulation of hepatic lipid accumulation induced by bingelike drinking. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E655-E666. [PMID: 32045262 PMCID: PMC7272724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption, including binge drinking, is a common cause of fatty liver disease. Binge drinking rapidly induces hepatic steatosis, an early step in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury. Despite its prevalence, the process by which excessive alcohol consumption promotes hepatic lipid accumulation remains unclear. Alcohol exerts potent effects on the brain, including hypothalamic neurons crucial for metabolic regulation. However, whether or not the brain plays a role in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis is unknown. In the brain, alcohol increases extracellular levels of adenosine, a potent neuromodulator, and previous work implicates adenosine signaling as being important for the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acute alcohol exposure also increases both the activity of agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons and AgRP immunoreactivity. Here, we show that adenosine receptor A2B signaling in the brain modulates the extent of alcohol-induced fatty liver in mice and that both the AgRP neuropeptide and the sympathetic nervous system are indispensable for hepatic steatosis induced by bingelike alcohol consumption. Together, these results indicate that the brain plays an integral role in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and that central adenosine signaling, hypothalamic AgRP, and the sympathetic nervous system are crucial mediators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ibars
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew T Maier
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ernie Yulyaningsih
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Luz Perez
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel Cheang
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anna Vilhelmsson
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sharon M Louie
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Scott A Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Frederic W Hopf
- Department of Neurology, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Allison W Xu
- Diabetes Center, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Deb PK, Deka S, Borah P, Abed SN, Klotz KN. Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Agonists, Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators of A1 Adenosine Receptor: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2697-2715. [PMID: 31333094 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, responsible for the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions by binding with four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, A1 AR is ubiquitously present, mediating a variety of physiological processes throughout the body, thus represents a promising drug target for the management of various pathological conditions. Agonists of A1 AR are found to be useful for the treatment of atrial arrhythmia, angina, type-2 diabetes, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, depression and Huntington's disease, whereas antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of diuresis, congestive heart failure, asthma, COPD, anxiety and dementia. However, treatment with full A1 AR agonists has been associated with numerous challenges like cardiovascular side effects, off-target activation as well as desensitization of A1 AR leading to tachyphylaxis. In this regard, partial agonists of A1 AR have been found to be beneficial in enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently reducing blood glucose level, while avoiding severe CVS side effects and tachyphylaxis. Allosteric enhancer of A1 AR is found to be potent for the treatment of neuropathic pain, culminating the side effects related to off-target tissue activation of A1 AR. This review provides an overview of the medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of various agonists/partial agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators of A1 AR, with a particular emphasis on their current status and future perspectives in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Sara N Abed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- University of Würzburg, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Wang M, Guo X, Zhao H, Lv J, Wang H, An Y. Adenosine A 2B receptor activation stimulates alveolar fluid clearance through alveolar epithelial sodium channel via cAMP pathway in endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L787-L800. [PMID: 32129084 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00195.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have established that the capacity of removing excess fluid from alveoli is impaired in most patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) correlates with poor outcomes. Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity with adenosine among four adenosine receptors. It is documented that A2BAR can activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) resulting in elevated cAMP. Based on the understanding that cAMP is a key regulator of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which is the limited step in sodium transport, we hypothesized that A2BAR signaling may affect AFC in acute lung injury (ALI) through regulating ENaC via cAMP, thus attenuating pulmonary edema. To address this, we utilized pharmacological approaches to determine the role of A2BAR in AFC in rats with endotoxin-induced lung injury and further focused on the mechanisms in vitro. We observed elevated pulmonary A2BAR level in rats with ALI and the similar upregulation in alveolar epithelial cells exposed to LPS. A2BAR stimulation significantly attenuated pulmonary edema during ALI, an effect that was associated with enhanced AFC and increased ENaC expression. The regulatory effects of A2BAR on ENaC-α expression were further verified in cultured alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells. More importantly, activation of A2BAR dramatically increased amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents in ATII cells. Moreover, we observed that A2BAR activation stimulated cAMP accumulation, whereas the cAMP inhibitor abolished the regulatory effect of A2BAR on ENaC-α expression, suggesting that A2BAR activation regulates ENaC-α expression via cAMP-dependent mechanism. Together, these findings suggest that signaling through alveolar epithelial A2BAR promotes alveolar fluid balance during endotoxin-induced ALI by regulating ENaC via cAMP pathway, raising the hopes for treatment of pulmonary edema due to ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youzhong An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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37
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Jeon S, Carr R. Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:470-479. [PMID: 32029510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r119000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic steatosis is highly associated with the development of later stages of ALD. This review explores the disturbances of alcohol-induced hepatic lipid metabolism through altered hepatic lipid uptake, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, hepatic lipid export, and lipid droplet formation and catabolism. In addition, we review emerging data on the contributions of genetics and bioactive lipid metabolism in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Minor M, Alcedo KP, Battaglia RA, Snider NT. Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1079-C1092. [PMID: 31461341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00285.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine. Anti-CD73 inhibitory antibodies are currently undergoing clinical testing for cancer immunotherapy. However, many protective physiological functions of CD73 need to be taken into account for new targeted therapies. This review examines CD73 functions in multiple organ systems and cell types, with a particular focus on novel findings from the last 5 years. Missense loss-of-function mutations in the CD73-encoding gene NT5E cause the rare disease "arterial calcifications due to deficiency of CD73." Aside from direct human disease involvement, cellular and animal model studies have revealed key functions of CD73 in tissue homeostasis and pathology across multiple organ systems. In the context of the central nervous system, CD73 is antinociceptive and protects against inflammatory damage, while also contributing to age-dependent decline in cortical plasticity. CD73 preserves barrier function in multiple tissues, a role that is most evident in the respiratory system, where it inhibits endothelial permeability in an adenosine-dependent manner. CD73 has important cardioprotective functions during myocardial infarction and heart failure. Under ischemia-reperfusion injury conditions, rapid and sustained induction of CD73 confers protection in the liver and kidney. In some cases, the mechanism by which CD73 mediates tissue injury is less clear. For example, CD73 has a promoting role in liver fibrosis but is protective in lung fibrosis. Future studies that integrate CD73 regulation and function at the cellular level with physiological responses will improve its utility as a disease target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquet Minor
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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39
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Choi WM, Kim MH, Jeong WI. Functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells in alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Badmus OO, Olatunji LA. Involvement of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in lipid accumulation and depressed G6PD activity in the livers of rats treated with postpartum oral estrogen-progestin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:913-924. [PMID: 30903201 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum contraception is an important step for preventing closely spaced pregnancy. Combined oral contraceptive (COC) has been linked to cardiometabolic disturbances. We therefore hypothesized that postpartum oral estrogen-progestin use induces hepatic lipid accumulation that is associated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation via adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO)/uric acid (UA)-dependent pathway. Female Wistar rats weighing 130-150 g were mated to achieve timed pregnancy and delivery. Twenty-four (24) dams were randomly assigned to receive vehicle (po), COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; po), COC with GR blockade (mifepristone; 80.0 mg/kg; po) and COC with MR blockade (spironolactone; 0.25 mg/kg; po) daily between 3rd and 11th week postpartum. Data showed that postpartum COC resulted in glucose dysregulation, increased visceral adiposity, liver weight, plasma corticosterone, aldosterone, circulating and hepatic free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG), adenosine deaminase (ADA), uric acid production, lactate production, and oxidative marker injury. On the other hand, G6PD-dependent antioxidant defenses were depressed by postpartum COC. However, these effects were attenuated by GR or MR blockade. Our data demonstrate that enhanced G6PD-dependent antioxidant defenses and suppressed ADA/XO/UA pathway in the liver by GR or MR blockade improves glucose dysregulation and hepatic TG accumulation induced by postpartum COC. This study implies a plausible involvement of GR and MR via defective G6PD-dependent antioxidant barrier and increased activity of ADA/XO/UA pathway in postpartum COC-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto O Badmus
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.,Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.
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41
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Tran NKS, Kim GT, Lee DY, Kim YJ, Park HJ, Park DK, Park TS. Fermented Cordyceps militaris Extract Ameliorates Hepatosteatosis via Activation of Fatty Acid Oxidation. J Med Food 2019; 22:325-336. [PMID: 30864855 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a progressive disease involving the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. In this study, we investigated the anti-hepatosteatosis effects of fermented Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) in AML-12 hepatocytes. Although the levels of adenosine and cordycepin were reduced in the extracts of CM grown on germinated soybean (GSCE) and fermented CM grown on germinated soybean (GSC) by Pediococcus pentosaceus ON188 (ON188E), the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes were upregulated only by GSC-ON188E treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, a lipogenic gene, stearoyl Coenzyme A desaturase 1, was downregulated by ON188E. Formation of intracellular lipid droplets by the addition of oleic acid was reduced by ON188E to levels observed in WY14643-treated cells. When cells were treated with ON188E, sphingosine kinase 2 mainly responsible for hepatic sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis was upregulated and S1P was elevated. Collectively, the fermented GSC extract activates FAO through elevation of S1P synthesis and has potential as a therapeutic for hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- 2 Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- 4 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Park
- 5 Cell Activation Research Institute, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
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42
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Wang H, Wu T, Wang Y, Wan X, Qi J, Li L, Wang X, Luo X, Ning Q. Regulatory T cells suppress excessive lipid accumulation in alcoholic liver disease. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:922-936. [PMID: 30792182 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m083568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of hepatic immune cells from chronic alcohol consumption gives rise to inflammatory accumulation, which is considered a leading cause of liver damage. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive cell subset that plays an important role in a variety of liver diseases; however, data about pathological involvement of Tregs in liver steatosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is insufficient. In mouse models of ALD, we found that increased lipid accumulation by chronic alcohol intake was accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammatory accumulation, and Treg decline in the liver. Adoptive transfer of Tregs relieved lipid metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, inflammation, and, consequently, ameliorated the alcoholic fatty liver. Macrophages are a dominant source of inflammation in ALD. Aberrant macrophage activation and cytokine production were activated during chronic alcohol consumption, but were significantly inhibited after Treg transfer. In vitro, macrophages were co-activated by alcohol and lipopolysaccharide to mimic a condition for alcoholic liver microenvironment. Tregs suppressed monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and TNF-α production from these macrophages. However, such effects of Tregs were remarkably neutralized when interleukin (IL)-10 was blocked. Altogether, our data uncover a novel role of Tregs in restoring liver lipid metabolism in ALD, which partially relies on IL-10-mediated suppression of hepatic pro-inflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wan
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junying Qi
- Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lan Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Pediatrics Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Institute of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Departments of Infectious Disease Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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43
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1591-1625. [PMID: 29848236 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid generation of adenosine from cellular metabolism, and the widespread distribution of its receptor subtypes in almost all organs and tissues, this nucleoside induces a multitude of physiopathological effects, regulating central nervous, cardiovascular, peripheral, and immune systems. It is becoming clear that the expression patterns of adenosine receptors vary among cell types, lending weight to the idea that they may be both markers of pathologies and useful targets for novel drugs. This review offers an overview of current knowledge on adenosine receptors, including their characteristic structural features, molecular interactions and cellular functions, as well as their essential roles in pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we highlight the latest findings on molecules capable of targeting adenosine receptors and report which stage of drug development they have reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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44
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Kim TH, Yang YM, Han CY, Koo JH, Oh H, Kim SS, You BH, Choi YH, Park TS, Lee CH, Kurose H, Noureddin M, Seki E, Wan YJY, Choi CS, Kim SG. Gα12 ablation exacerbates liver steatosis and obesity by suppressing USP22/SIRT1-regulated mitochondrial respiration. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5587-5602. [PMID: 30300140 DOI: 10.1172/jci97831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) arises from mitochondrial dysfunction under sustained imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms controlling mitochondrial respiration have not been entirely understood. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge with activated GPCRs to modulate cell-signaling pathways to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of G protein α12 (Gα12) on hepatic lipid metabolism and whole-body energy expenditure in mice. Fasting increased Gα12 levels in mouse liver. Gα12 ablation markedly augmented fasting-induced hepatic fat accumulation. cDNA microarray analysis from Gna12-KO liver revealed that the Gα12-signaling pathway regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and PPARα, which are responsible for mitochondrial respiration. Defective induction of SIRT1 upon fasting was observed in the liver of Gna12-KO mice, which was reversed by lentivirus-mediated Gα12 overexpression in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, Gα12 stabilized SIRT1 protein through transcriptional induction of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) via HIF-1α increase. Gα12 levels were markedly diminished in liver biopsies from NAFLD patients. Consistently, Gna12-KO mice fed a high-fat diet displayed greater susceptibility to diet-induced liver steatosis and obesity due to decrease in energy expenditure. Our results demonstrate that Gα12 regulates SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial respiration through HIF-1α-dependent USP22 induction, identifying Gα12 as an upstream molecule that contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Oh
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Su Sung Kim
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeoggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeoggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Lee
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Fatty Liver Disease Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sodium acetate improves disrupted glucoregulation and hepatic triglyceride content in insulin-resistant female rats: involvement of adenosine deaminase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activities. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:103-116. [PMID: 30280312 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment has been shown to be associated with glucose deregulation and increased triglyceride levels, but the mechanisms are elusive. Soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP-4) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are involved in the initiation and/or progression of cardiometabolic disorders. We therefore, hypothesized that increased DPP-4 and ADA activities are involved in glucose deregulation and hepatic triglyceride accumulation induced by COC treatment. This study also investigated whether short-chain fatty acid, acetate, would protect against COC-induced dysmetabolic effects. Female Wistar rats received (p.o.) vehicle and COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel) with or without sodium acetate (ACE; 200 mg) for 8 weeks. Treatment with COC led to increased plasma triglyceride-glucose index, 1-h postload glucose response, insulin, free fatty acid, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance. COC treatment also resulted in increased plasma and hepatic triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, malondialdehyde, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, DPP-4, ADA, and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. On the other hand, COC led to reduction in nitric oxide level. However, ACE significantly ameliorated the alterations induced by COC treatment, but XO activity remains elevated during COC treatment. This result also demonstrates that increased DPP-4 and ADA activities are at least in part involved in glucose deregulation and hepatic TG accumulation induced by COC treatment. Therefore, sodium acetate would impact positively on cardiometabolic disorders, at least in part, by inhibition of DPP-4 and ADA activities.
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Chen Y, Ouyang X, Hoque R, Garcia-Martinez I, Yousaf MN, Tonack S, Offermanns S, Dubuquoy L, Louvet A, Mathurin P, Massey V, Schnabl B, Bataller RA, Mehal WZ. β-Hydroxybutyrate protects from alcohol-induced liver injury via a Hcar2-cAMP dependent pathway. J Hepatol 2018; 69:687-696. [PMID: 29705237 PMCID: PMC6098974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sterile inflammation resulting in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) occurs unpredictably after many years of excess alcohol intake. The factors responsible for the development of AH are not known but mitochondrial damage with loss of mitochondrial function are common features. Hcar2 is a G-protein coupled receptor which is activated by β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). We aimed to determine the relevance of the BHB-Hcar2 pathway in alcoholic liver disease. METHODS We tested if loss of BHB production can result in increased liver inflammation. We further tested if BHB supplementation is protective in AH through interaction with Hcar2, and analyzed the immune and cellular basis for protection. RESULTS Humans with AH have reduced hepatic BHB, and inhibition of BHB production in mice aggravated ethanol-induced AH, with higher plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, increased steatosis and greater neutrophil influx. Conversely supplementation of BHB had the opposite effects with reduced alanine aminotransferase levels, reduced steatosis and neutrophil influx. This therapeutic effect of BHB is dependent on the receptor Hcar2. BHB treatment increased liver Il10 transcripts, and promoted the M2 phenotype of intrahepatic macrophages. BHB also increased the transcriptional level of M2 related genes in vitro bone marrow derived macrophages. This skewing towards M2 related genes is dependent on lower mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) induced by BHB. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data shows that BHB production during excess alcohol consumption has an anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective role through an Hcar2 dependent pathway. This introduces the concept of metabolite-based therapy for AH. LAY SUMMARY Alcoholic hepatitis is a life-threatening condition with no approved therapy that occurs unexpectedly in people who consume excess alcohol. The liver makes many metabolites, and we demonstrate that loss of one such metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate occurs in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. This loss can increase alcohol-induced liver injury, and β-hydroxybutyrate can protect from alcohol-induced liver injury via a receptor on liver macrophages. This opens the possibility of metabolite-based therapy for alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rafaz Hoque
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Irma Garcia-Martinez
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah Tonack
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France; Unité INSERM 995, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France; Unité INSERM 995, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Veronica Massey
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Alberola Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wajahat Zafar Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; USA West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Abstract
Extracellular adenosine nucleoside is a potent, endogenous mediator that signals through specific G protein-coupled receptors, and exerts pleiotropic effects on liver physiology, in health and disease. Particularly, adenosinergic or adenosine-mediated signaling pathways impact the progression of hepatic fibrosis, a common feature of chronic liver diseases, through regulation of matrix deposition by liver myofibroblasts. This review examines the current lines of evidence on adenosinergic regulation of liver fibrosis and myofibroblasts, identifies unanswered research questions, and proposes important future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fausther
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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48
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Cai Y, Li H, Liu M, Pei Y, Zheng J, Zhou J, Luo X, Huang W, Ma L, Yang Q, Guo S, Xiao X, Li Q, Zeng T, Meng F, Francis H, Glaser S, Chen L, Huo Y, Alpini G, Wu C. Disruption of adenosine 2A receptor exacerbates NAFLD through increasing inflammatory responses and SREBP1c activity. Hepatology 2018; 68:48-61. [PMID: 29315766 PMCID: PMC6033664 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adenosine 2A receptor (A2A R) exerts protective roles in endotoxin- and/or ischemia-induced tissue damage. However, the role for A2A R in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains largely unknown. We sought to examine the effects of global and/or myeloid cell-specific A2A R disruption on the aspects of obesity-associated NAFLD and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Global and/or myeloid cell-specific A2A R-disrupted mice and control mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD. In addition, bone marrow-derived macrophages and primary mouse hepatocytes were examined for inflammatory and metabolic responses. Upon feeding an HFD, both global A2A R-disrupted mice and myeloid cell-specific A2A R-defcient mice revealed increased severity of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation compared with their respective control mice. In in vitro experiments, A2A R-deficient macrophages exhibited increased proinflammatory responses, and enhanced fat deposition of wild-type primary hepatocytes in macrophage-hepatocyte cocultures. In primary hepatocytes, A2A R deficiency increased the proinflammatory responses and enhanced the effect of palmitate on stimulating fat deposition. Moreover, A2A R deficiency significantly increased the abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) in livers of fasted mice and in hepatocytes upon nutrient deprivation. In the absence of A2A R, SREBP1c transcription activity was significantly increased in mouse hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrate that disruption of A2A R in both macrophage and hepatocytes accounts for increased severity of NAFLD, likely through increasing inflammation and through elevating lipogenic events due to stimulation of SREBP1c expression and transcription activity. (Hepatology 2018;68:48-61).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA,Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA,Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xianjun Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Linqiang Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA,Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA,Contact information: Chaodong Wu, MD, PhD, College Station, TX 77843, Fax: 979 458 3129, ; or Gianfranco Alpini, PhD, Temple, TX 76504, ; Tel: 254 743 1041
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA,Contact information: Chaodong Wu, MD, PhD, College Station, TX 77843, Fax: 979 458 3129, ; or Gianfranco Alpini, PhD, Temple, TX 76504, ; Tel: 254 743 1041
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Aldose reductase inhibitor protects mice from alcoholic steatosis by repressing saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:41-48. [PMID: 29630881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury results in morbidity and mortality worldwide, but there are currently no effective and safe therapeutics. Previously we demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor ameliorated alcoholic hepatic steatosis. To clarify the mechanism whereby AR inhibitor improves alcoholic hepatic steatosis, herein we investigated the effect of AR inhibitor on hepatic metabolism in mice fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 5% ethanol. Nontargeted metabolomics showed carbohydrates and lipids were characteristic categories in ethanol diet-fed mice with or without AR inhibitor treatment, whereas AR inhibitor mainly affected carbohydrates and peptides. Ethanol-induced galactose metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis are important for the induction of hepatic steatosis, while AR inhibitor impaired galactose metabolism without perturbing fatty acid biosynthesis. In parallel with successful treatment of steatosis, AR inhibitor suppressed ethanol-activated galactose metabolism and saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Sorbitol in galactose metabolism and stearic acid in saturated fatty acid biosynthesis were potential biomarkers responsible for ethanol or ethanol plus AR inhibitor treatment. In vitro analysis confirmed that exogenous addition of sorbitol augmented ethanol-induced steatosis and stearic acid. These findings not only reveal metabolic patterns associated with disease and treatment, but also shed light on functional biomarkers contribute to AR inhibition therapy.
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50
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Genova E, Pelin M, Decorti G, Stocco G, Sergo V, Ventura A, Bonifacio A. SERS of cells: What can we learn from cell lysates? Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1005:93-100. [PMID: 29389323 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising and emerging technique to analyze the cellular environment. We developed an alternative, rapid and label-free SERS-based method to get information about the cellular environment by analyzing cells lysates, thus avoiding the need to incorporate nanoparticles into cells. Upon sonicating and filtrating cells, we obtained lysates which, mixed with Au or Ag nanoparticles, yield stable and repeatable SERS spectra, whose overall profile depends on the metal used as substrate, but not on the buffer used for the lysis process. Bands appearing in these spectra were shown to arise mostly from the cytosol and were assigned to adenine, guanine, adenosine and reduced glutathione (GSH). Spectral differences among various cell types also demonstrated that this approach is suitable for cell type identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Genova
- PhD School of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Pelin
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Decorti
- Dept. of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - G Stocco
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Sergo
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Ventura
- Dept. of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - A Bonifacio
- Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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