1
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Gustafsson K, Scadden DT. Isolation of Thymus Stromal Cells from Human and Murine Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2567:191-201. [PMID: 36255703 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2679-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T cells go through most of their maturation in the thymus, and the stromal constituents of the thymus are therefore essential for T cell differentiation. The thymic stroma secretes the factors that recruit and sustain T cell progenitors, and they also partake in the shaping of a functional and tolerant T cell receptor repertoire. The damage incurred to the thymic stromal compartment by bone marrow conditioning regimens as well as by the natural aging process impairs T cell production. Yet little is known of how to prevent or reverse this damage. The development of high-throughput, single-cell analysis technologies has enabled better characterization of thymic stromal cells. This does however require tissue dissociation protocols optimized for stromal cell isolation. In this chapter, we detail the methodology of harvesting thymus stromal cells from human and murine tissue for downstream applications such as flow cytometric analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Gustafsson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Hino C, Xu Y, Xiao J, Baylink DJ, Reeves ME, Cao H. The potential role of the thymus in immunotherapies for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102517. [PMID: 36814919 PMCID: PMC9940763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors which shape T-lymphocyte immunity is critical for the development and application of future immunotherapeutic strategies in treating hematological malignancies. The thymus, a specialized central lymphoid organ, plays important roles in generating a diverse T lymphocyte repertoire during the infantile and juvenile stages of humans. However, age-associated thymic involution and diseases or treatment associated injury result in a decline in its continuous role in the maintenance of T cell-mediated anti-tumor/virus immunity. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy that mainly affects older adults, and the disease's progression is known to consist of an impaired immune surveillance including a reduction in naïve T cell output, a restriction in T cell receptor repertoire, and an increase in frequencies of regulatory T cells. As one of the most successful immunotherapies thus far developed for malignancy, T-cell-based adoptive cell therapies could be essential for the development of a durable effective treatment to eliminate residue leukemic cells (blasts) and prevent AML relapse. Thus, a detailed cellular and molecular landscape of how the adult thymus functions within the context of the AML microenvironment will provide new insights into both the immune-related pathogenesis and the regeneration of a functional immune system against leukemia in AML patients. Herein, we review the available evidence supporting the potential correlation between thymic dysfunction and T-lymphocyte impairment with the ontogeny of AML (II-VI). We then discuss how the thymus could impact current and future therapeutic approaches in AML (VII). Finally, we review various strategies to rejuvenate thymic function to improve the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy (VIII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Xiao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Huynh Cao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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3
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Song Q, Nasri U, Nakamura R, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Retention of Donor T Cells in Lymphohematopoietic Tissue and Augmentation of Tissue PD-L1 Protection for Prevention of GVHD While Preserving GVL Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907673. [PMID: 35677056 PMCID: PMC9168269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies (i.e., leukemia and lymphoma) due to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity mediated by alloreactive T cells that can eliminate residual malignant cells and prevent relapse. However, the same alloreactive T cells can cause a serious side effect, known as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD and GVL occur in distinct organ and tissues, with GVHD occurring in target organs (e.g., the gut, liver, lung, skin, etc.) and GVL in lympho-hematopoietic tissues where hematological cancer cells primarily reside. Currently used immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of GVHD inhibit donor T cell activation and expansion, resulting in a decrease in both GVHD and GVL activity that is associated with cancer relapse. To prevent GVHD, it is important to allow full activation and expansion of alloreactive T cells in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues, as well as prevent donor T cells from migrating into the GVHD target tissues, and tolerize infiltrating T cells via protective mechanisms, such as PD-L1 interacting with PD-1, in the target tissues. In this review, we will summarize major approaches that prevent donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues and approaches that augment tolerization of the infiltrating T cells in the GVHD target tissues while preserving strong GVL activity in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
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4
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Podestà MA, Sykes M. Chimerism-Based Tolerance to Kidney Allografts in Humans: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791725. [PMID: 35069574 PMCID: PMC8767096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rejection and immunosuppression-related toxicity severely affect long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation. The induction of transplantation tolerance – the lack of destructive immune responses to a transplanted organ in the absence of immunosuppression – could potentially overcome these limitations. Immune tolerance to kidney allografts from living donors has been successfully achieved in humans through clinical protocols based on chimerism induction with hematopoietic cell transplantation after non-myeloablative conditioning. Notably, two of these protocols have led to immune tolerance in a significant fraction of HLA-mismatched donor-recipient combinations, which represent the large majority of cases in clinical practice. Studies in mice and large animals have been critical in dissecting tolerance mechanisms and in selecting the most promising approaches for human translation. However, there are several key differences in tolerance induction between these models and humans, including the rate of success and stability of donor chimerism, as well as the relative contribution of different mechanisms in inducing donor-specific unresponsiveness. Kidney allograft tolerance achieved through durable full-donor chimerism may be due to central deletion of graft-reactive donor T cells, even though mechanistic data from patient series are lacking. On the other hand, immune tolerance attained with transient mixed chimerism-based protocols initially relies on Treg-mediated suppression, followed by peripheral deletion of donor-reactive recipient T-cell clones under antigenic pressure from the graft. These conclusions were supported by data deriving from novel high-throughput T-cell receptor sequencing approaches that allowed tracking of alloreactive repertoires over time. In this review, we summarize the most important mechanistic studies on tolerance induction with combined kidney-bone marrow transplantation in humans, discussing open issues that still need to be addressed and focusing on techniques developed in recent years to efficiently monitor the alloresponse in tolerance trials. These cutting-edge methods will be instrumental for the development of immune tolerance protocols with improved efficacy and to identify patients amenable to safe immunosuppression withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Renal Division, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Song Q, Kong X, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Murine Models Provide New Insights Into Pathogenesis of Chronic Graft- Versus-Host Disease in Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700857. [PMID: 34539630 PMCID: PMC8446193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematologic malignancies, but its success is complicated by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD can be divided into acute and chronic types. Acute GVHD represents an acute alloimmune inflammatory response initiated by donor T cells that recognize recipient alloantigens. Chronic GVHD has a more complex pathophysiology involving donor-derived T cells that recognize recipient-specific antigens, donor-specific antigens, and antigens shared by the recipient and donor. Antibodies produced by donor B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD but not acute GVHD. Acute GVHD can often be effectively controlled by treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant for a period of weeks, but successful control of chronic GVHD requires much longer treatment. Therefore, chronic GVHD remains the major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. Murine models of allo-HCT have made great contributions to our understanding pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD. In this review, we summarize new mechanistic findings from murine models of chronic GVHD, and we discuss the relevance of these insights to chronic GVHD pathogenesis in humans and their potential impact on clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Kong
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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6
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Non-classical manifestations of acute GVHD. Blood 2021; 138:2165-2172. [PMID: 34482399 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The classical target organs of acute GVHD include the intestines, liver, and skin. The damage of these organs is relatively easy to detect for the clinician as diarrhea, increased bilirubin, and rash. However, there is increasing evidence that also other organs, where the acute damage is less apparent or more difficult to distinguish from drug toxicity, such as the central nervous system, the lungs, the ovaries and testis, the thymus, the bone marrow and the kidney, can be target organs of acute GVHD. Here, we review current evidence for non-classical manifestations of acute GVHD in rodent models and in patients and discuss them in the context of novel emerging therapies for GVHD. A better understanding of the involvement of the non-classical GVHD target organs may help to improve patient outcomes after allo-HCT.
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7
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Müskens KF, Lindemans CA, Belderbos ME. Hematopoietic Dysfunction during Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Self-Destructive Process? Cells 2021; 10:cells10082051. [PMID: 34440819 PMCID: PMC8392486 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic (stem) cell transplantation (HCT). Clinically, GvHD is associated with severe and long-lasting hematopoietic dysfunction, which may contribute to the high mortality of GvHD after HCT. During GvHD, excessive immune activation damages both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their surrounding bone marrow niche, leading to a reduction in cell number and functionality of both compartments. Hematopoietic dysfunction can be further aggravated by the occurrence—and treatment—of HCT-associated complications. These include immune suppressive therapy, coinciding infections and their treatment, and changes in the microbiome. In this review, we provide a structured overview of GvHD-mediated hematopoietic dysfunction, including the targets in the bone marrow, the mechanisms of action and the effect of GvHD-related complications and their treatment. This information may aid in the identification of treatment options to improve hematopoietic function in patients, during and after GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konradin F. Müskens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.F.M.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Caroline A. Lindemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.F.M.); (C.A.L.)
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam E. Belderbos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.F.M.); (C.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Lu SX, De Neef E, Thomas JD, Sabio E, Rousseau B, Gigoux M, Knorr DA, Greenbaum B, Elhanati Y, Hogg SJ, Chow A, Ghosh A, Xie A, Zamarin D, Cui D, Erickson C, Singer M, Cho H, Wang E, Lu B, Durham BH, Shah H, Chowell D, Gabel AM, Shen Y, Liu J, Jin J, Rhodes MC, Taylor RE, Molina H, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Diaz LA, Abdel-Wahab O, Bradley RK. Pharmacologic modulation of RNA splicing enhances anti-tumor immunity. Cell 2021; 184:4032-4047.e31. [PMID: 34171309 PMCID: PMC8684350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although mutations in DNA are the best-studied source of neoantigens that determine response to immune checkpoint blockade, alterations in RNA splicing within cancer cells could similarly result in neoepitope production. However, the endogenous antigenicity and clinical potential of such splicing-derived epitopes have not been tested. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacologic modulation of splicing via specific drug classes generates bona fide neoantigens and elicits anti-tumor immunity, augmenting checkpoint immunotherapy. Splicing modulation inhibited tumor growth and enhanced checkpoint blockade in a manner dependent on host T cells and peptides presented on tumor MHC class I. Splicing modulation induced stereotyped splicing changes across tumor types, altering the MHC I-bound immunopeptidome to yield splicing-derived neoepitopes that trigger an anti-tumor T cell response in vivo. These data definitively identify splicing modulation as an untapped source of immunogenic peptides and provide a means to enhance response to checkpoint blockade that is readily translatable to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney X Lu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Emma De Neef
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James D Thomas
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erich Sabio
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mathieu Gigoux
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David A Knorr
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Computational Oncology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yuval Elhanati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Computational Oncology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Abigail Xie
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daniel Cui
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Caroline Erickson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michael Singer
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hana Cho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Harshal Shah
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; The Precision Immunology Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Austin M Gabel
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew C Rhodes
- The Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Richard E Taylor
- The Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Luis A Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Robert K Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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9
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Granadier D, Iovino L, Kinsella S, Dudakov JA. Dynamics of thymus function and T cell receptor repertoire breadth in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:119-134. [PMID: 33608819 PMCID: PMC7894242 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
T cell recognition of unknown antigens relies on the tremendous diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire; generation of which can only occur in the thymus. TCR repertoire breadth is thus critical for not only coordinating the adaptive response against pathogens but also for mounting a response against malignancies. However, thymic function is exquisitely sensitive to negative stimuli, which can come in the form of acute insult, such as that caused by stress, infection, or common cancer therapies; or chronic damage such as the progressive decline in thymic function with age. Whether it be prolonged T cell deficiency after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or constriction in the breadth of the peripheral TCR repertoire with age; these insults result in poor adaptive immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the importance of thymic function for generation of the TCR repertoire and how acute and chronic thymic damage influences immune health. We will also discuss methods that are used to measure thymic function in patients and strategies that have been developed to boost thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Granadier
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Iovino
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Shang L, Duah M, Xu Y, Liang Y, Wang D, Xia F, Li L, Sun Z, Yan Z, Xu K, Pan B. Dynamic of plasma IL-22 level is an indicator of thymic output after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Life Sci 2021; 265:118849. [PMID: 33278390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin-22 (IL-22) promotes thymus recovery and improves T-cell recovery in preclinical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant models. However, the correlation between IL-22 and thymus recovery is unknown in human transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, plasma IL-22 levels of transplanted humans were analyzed peri-transplant. Thymic output was assessed by detecting blood signal joint T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Flow cytometry was applied to measure T-cell subsets. KEY FINDINGS Plasma IL-22 level positively correlated with blood TRECs level at days 14 and 28 posttransplant. Multiple linear regression analysis showed plasma IL-22 level, occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and age were significantly associated with blood TRECs level at day 28 after allotransplant. An increase of plasma IL-22 level during day 14 and day 28 correlated with faster recovery of blood TRECs and naïve T-cell levels in allotransplant recipients. Recipients with high TRECs levels at day 28 had lower incidence of aGVHD comparing with those who with low TRECs levels according to a median split of their TRECs levels, an effect also seen in the high IL-22 level and low IL-22 level cohorts. Other factors such as age and infection had impacts on plasma IL-22 level in allotransplants. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that dynamic change of plasma IL-22 level is an indicator of thymic output and occurrence of aGVHD. Monitoring plasma IL-22 level might help to assess recovery of thymus function in human allotransplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Shang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Maxwell Duah
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yiwen Liang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zengtian Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China.
| | - Bin Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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11
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Hill GR, Betts BC, Tkachev V, Kean LS, Blazar BR. Current Concepts and Advances in Graft-Versus-Host Disease Immunology. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:19-49. [PMID: 33428454 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, each year over 30,000 patients undergo an allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation with the intent to cure high-risk hematologic malignancy, immunodeficiency, metabolic disease, or a life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome. Despite substantial advances in donor selection and conditioning regimens and greater availability of allograft sources, transplant recipients still endure the morbidity and mortality of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Herein, we identify key aspects of acute and chronic GVHD pathophysiology, including host/donor cell effectors, gut dysbiosis, immune system and cytokine imbalance, and the interface between inflammation and tissue fibrosis. In particular, we also summarize the translational application of this heightened understanding of immune dysregulation in the design of novel therapies to prevent and treat GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; .,Division of Medical Oncology University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Brian C Betts
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; , .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; , .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
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12
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Dertschnig S, Evans P, Santos E Sousa P, Manzo T, Ferrer IR, Stauss HJ, Bennett CL, Chakraverty R. Graft-versus-host disease reduces lymph node display of tissue-restricted self-antigens and promotes autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1896-1911. [PMID: 31917684 PMCID: PMC7108931 DOI: 10.1172/jci133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is initially triggered by alloreactive T cells, which damage peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. Subsequent transition to chronic GVHD involves the emergence of autoimmunity, although the underlying mechanisms driving this process are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that acute GVHD blocks peripheral tolerance of autoreactive T cells by impairing lymph node (LN) display of peripheral tissue–restricted antigens (PTAs). At the initiation of GVHD, LN fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) rapidly reduced expression of genes regulated by DEAF1, an autoimmune regulator-like transcription factor required for intranodal expression of PTAs. Subsequently, GVHD led to the selective elimination of the FRC population, and blocked the repair pathways required for its regeneration. We used a transgenic mouse model to show that the loss of presentation of an intestinal PTA by FRCs during GVHD resulted in the activation of autoaggressive T cells and gut injury. Finally, we show that FRCs normally expressed a unique PTA gene signature that was highly enriched for genes expressed in the target organs affected by chronic GVHD. In conclusion, acute GVHD damages and prevents repair of the FRC network, thus disabling an essential platform for purging autoreactive T cells from the repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dertschnig
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Evans
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Santos E Sousa
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivana R Ferrer
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Bennett
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Kinsella S, Dudakov JA. When the Damage Is Done: Injury and Repair in Thymus Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1745. [PMID: 32903477 PMCID: PMC7435010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the thymus is exquisitely sensitive to acute insults like infection, shock, or common cancer therapies such as cytoreductive chemo- or radiation-therapy, it also has a remarkable capacity for repair. This phenomenon of endogenous thymic regeneration has been known for longer even than its primary function to generate T cells, however, the underlying mechanisms controlling the process have been largely unstudied. Although there is likely continual thymic involution and regeneration in response to stress and infection in otherwise healthy people, acute and profound thymic damage such as that caused by common cancer cytoreductive therapies or the conditioning regimes as part of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), leads to prolonged T cell deficiency; precipitating high morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections and may even facilitate cancer relapse. Furthermore, this capacity for regeneration declines with age as a function of thymic involution; which even at steady state leads to reduced capacity to respond to new pathogens, vaccines, and immunotherapy. Consequently, there is a real clinical need for strategies that can boost thymic function and enhance T cell immunity. One approach to the development of such therapies is to exploit the processes of endogenous thymic regeneration into novel pharmacologic strategies to boost T cell reconstitution in clinical settings of immune depletion such as HCT. In this review, we will highlight recent work that has revealed the mechanisms by which the thymus is capable of repairing itself and how this knowledge is being used to develop novel therapies to boost immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Kinsella
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jarrod A. Dudakov
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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14
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Takashima S, Martin ML, Jansen SA, Fu Y, Bos J, Chandra D, O'Connor MH, Mertelsmann AM, Vinci P, Kuttiyara J, Devlin SM, Middendorp S, Calafiore M, Egorova A, Kleppe M, Lo Y, Shroyer NF, Cheng EH, Levine RL, Liu C, Kolesnick R, Lindemans CA, Hanash AM. T cell-derived interferon-γ programs stem cell death in immune-mediated intestinal damage. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/42/eaay8556. [PMID: 31811055 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for epithelial maintenance, there is limited understanding of how immune-mediated damage affects ISCs and their niche. We found that stem cell compartment injury is a shared feature of both alloreactive and autoreactive intestinal immunopathology, reducing ISCs and impairing their recovery in T cell-mediated injury models. Although imaging revealed few T cells near the stem cell compartment in healthy mice, donor T cells infiltrating the intestinal mucosa after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) primarily localized to the crypt region lamina propria. Further modeling with ex vivo epithelial cultures indicated ISC depletion and impaired human as well as murine organoid survival upon coculture with activated T cells, and screening of effector pathways identified interferon-γ (IFNγ) as a principal mediator of ISC compartment damage. IFNγ induced JAK1- and STAT1-dependent toxicity, initiating a proapoptotic gene expression program and stem cell death. BMT with IFNγ-deficient donor T cells, with recipients lacking the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) specifically in the intestinal epithelium, and with pharmacologic inhibition of JAK signaling all resulted in protection of the stem cell compartment. In addition, epithelial cultures with Paneth cell-deficient organoids, IFNγR-deficient Paneth cells, IFNγR-deficient ISCs, and purified stem cell colonies all indicated direct targeting of the ISCs that was not dependent on injury to the Paneth cell niche. Dysregulated T cell activation and IFNγ production are thus potent mediators of ISC injury, and blockade of JAK/STAT signaling within target tissue stem cells can prevent this T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takashima
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M L Martin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S A Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Bos
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M H O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A M Mertelsmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - P Vinci
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Kuttiyara
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S M Devlin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S Middendorp
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Egorova
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Kleppe
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Y Lo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - N F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - R L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - R Kolesnick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C A Lindemans
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Carrington LJ, Maillard I. One-two punch injury to tolerance mechanisms in graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1625-1628. [PMID: 32149731 PMCID: PMC7108886 DOI: 10.1172/jci136139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation that resembles autoimmunity, with unclear pathogenesis and few effective therapeutic options. In this issue of the JCI, Dertschnig et al. used mouse models to investigate the basis of T cell autoreactivity following GVHD. Notably, GVHD caused irreversible damage to a population of tolerogenic stromal cells that display peripheral tissue-restricted antigens in lymph nodes, which impaired their capacity to purge and suppress autoreactive T cells. Together with damage to central tolerance mechanisms in the thymus, these findings outline a critical one-two punch injury that profoundly disrupts immune tolerance in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léolène J. Carrington
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Cytotoxic Effects of Rabbit Anti-thymocyte Globulin Preparations on Primary Human Thymic Epithelial Cells. Transplantation 2019; 103:2234-2244. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Yu H, Tian Y, Wang Y, Mineishi S, Zhang Y. Dendritic Cell Regulation of Graft-Vs.-Host Disease: Immunostimulation and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30774630 PMCID: PMC6367268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Significant progresses have been made in defining the dichotomous role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the development of GVHD. Host-derived DCs are important to elicit allogeneic T cell responses, whereas certain donor-types of DCs derived from newly engrafted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can amply this graft-vs.-host reaction. In contrast, some DCs also play non-redundant roles in mediating immune tolerance. They induce apoptotic deletion of host-reactive donor T cells while promoting expansion and function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Unfortunately, this tolerogenic effect of DCs is impaired during GVHD. Severe GVHD in patients subject to allo-HSCT is associated with significantly decreased number of circulating peripheral blood DCs during engraftment. Existing studies reveal that GVHD causes delayed reconstitution of donor DCs from engrafted HSPCs, impairs the antigen presentation function of newly generated DCs and reduces the capacity of DCs to regulate Treg. The present review will discuss the importance of DCs in alloimmunity and the mechanism underlying DC reconstitution after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Yu
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Yi Zhang
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18
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Tsai JJ, Velardi E, Shono Y, Argyropoulos KV, Holland AM, Smith OM, Yim NL, Rao UK, Kreines FM, Lieberman SR, Young LF, Lazrak A, Youssef S, Fu YY, Liu C, Lezcano C, Murphy GF, Na IK, Jenq RR, Hanash AM, Dudakov JA, van den Brink MRM. Nrf2 regulates CD4 + T cell-induced acute graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2018; 132:2763-2774. [PMID: 30381375 PMCID: PMC6307985 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-812941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that is well known for its role in regulating the cellular redox pathway. Although there is mounting evidence suggesting a critical role for Nrf2 in hematopoietic stem cells and innate leukocytes, little is known about its involvement in T-cell biology. In this study, we identified a novel role for Nrf2 in regulating alloreactive T-cell function during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). We observed increased expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 upon T-cell activation in vitro, especially in CD4+ donor T cells after allo-HCT. Allo-HCT recipients of Nrf2 -/- donor T cells had significantly less acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-induced mortality, morbidity, and pathology. This reduction in GVHD was associated with the persistence of Helios+ donor regulatory T cells in the allograft, as well as defective upregulation of the gut-homing receptor LPAM-1 on alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Additionally, Nrf2 -/- donor CD8+ T cells demonstrated intact cytotoxicity against allogeneic target cells. Tumor-bearing allo-HCT recipients of Nrf2 -/- donor T cells had overall improved survival as a result of preserved graft-versus-tumor activity and reduced GVHD activity. Our findings characterized a previously unrecognized role for Nrf2 in T-cell function, as well as revealed a novel therapeutic target to improve the outcomes of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Tsai
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Kimon V Argyropoulos
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amanda M Holland
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Odette M Smith
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nury L Yim
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Uttam K Rao
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Fabiana M Kreines
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sophie R Lieberman
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lauren F Young
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amina Lazrak
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Salma Youssef
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program in Immunology and Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program and Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY
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19
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Du W, Cao X. Cytotoxic Pathways in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2979. [PMID: 30631325 PMCID: PMC6315278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic malignancies, and other hematologic and immunologic diseases. Donor-derived immune cells identify and attack cancer cells in the patient producing a unique graft-vs.-tumor (GVT) effect. This beneficial response renders allo-HCT one of the most effective forms of tumor immunotherapy. However, alloreactive donor T cells can damage normal host cells thereby causing graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), which results in substantial morbidity and mortality. To date, GVHD remains as the major obstacle for more successful application of allo-HCT. Of special significance in this context are a number of cytotoxic pathways that are involved in GVHD and GVT response as well as donor cell engraftment. In this review, we summarize progress in the investigation of these cytotoxic pathways, including Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), perforin/granzyme, and cytokine pathways. Many studies have delineated their distinct operating mechanisms and how they are involved in the complex cellular interactions amongst donor, host, tumor, and infectious pathogens. Driven by progressing elucidation of their contributions in immune reconstitution and regulation, various interventional strategies targeting these pathways have entered translational stages with aims to improve the effectiveness of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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Kosugi-Kanaya M, Ueha S, Abe J, Shichino S, Shand FHW, Morikawa T, Kurachi M, Shono Y, Sudo N, Yamashita A, Suenaga F, Yokoyama A, Yong W, Imamura M, Teshima T, Matsushima K. Long-Lasting Graft-Derived Donor T Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1842. [PMID: 29326717 PMCID: PMC5741650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication in long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Graft-derived T cells (TG) have been implicated in the induction of cGVHD; however, the extent of their contribution to the pathogenesis of cGVHD remains unclear. Using a mouse model of cGVHD, we demonstrate that TG predominate over hematopoietic stem cell-derived T cells generated de novo (THSC) in cGVHD-affected organs such as the liver and lung even at day 63 after allo-HSCT. Persisting TG, in particular CD8+ TG, not only displayed an exhausted or senescent phenotype but also contained a substantial proportion of cells that had the potential to proliferate and produce inflammatory cytokines. Host antigens indirectly presented by donor HSC-derived hematopoietic cells were involved in the maintenance of TG in the reconstituted host. Selective depletion of TG in the chronic phase of disease resulted in the expansion of THSC and thus neither the survival nor histopathology of cGVHD was ameliorated. On the other hand, THSC depletion caused activation of TG and resulted in a lethal TG-mediated exacerbation of GVHD. The findings presented here clarify the pathological role of long-lasting TG in cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuha Kosugi-Kanaya
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis H W Shand
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naoto Sudo
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Suenaga
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wang Yong
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Imamura
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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22
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Deng R, Hurtz C, Song Q, Yue C, Xiao G, Yu H, Wu X, Muschen M, Forman S, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Extrafollicular CD4 + T-B interactions are sufficient for inducing autoimmune-like chronic graft-versus-host disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:978. [PMID: 29042531 PMCID: PMC5645449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an autoimmune-like syndrome mediated by pathogenic CD4+ T and B cells, but the function of extrafollicular and germinal center CD4+ T and B interactions in cGVHD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we show that extrafollicular CD4+ T and B interactions are sufficient for inducing cGVHD, while germinal center formation is dispensable. The pathogenesis of cGVHD is associated with the expansion of extrafollicular CD44hiCD62loPSGL-1loCD4+ (PSGL-1loCD4+) T cells. These cells express high levels of ICOS, and the blockade of ICOS/ICOSL interaction prevents their expansion and ameliorates cGVHD. Expansion of PSGL-1loCD4+ T cells is also prevented by BCL6 or Stat3 deficiency in donor CD4+ T cells, with the induction of cGVHD ameliorated by BCL6 deficiency and completely suppressed by Stat3 deficiency in donor CD4+ T cells. These results support that Stat3- and BCL6-dependent extrafollicular CD4+ T and B interactions play critical functions in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is mediated by specific CD4 and B cells, but the relative contribution of extrafollicular and germinal centre (GC) T-B interaction is unclear. Here the authors show that the extrafollicular expansion of a specific CD4 T subset is sufficient for inducing cGVHD while GC is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishu Deng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical, Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92307, USA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qingxiao Song
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Chanyu Yue
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutic and Tumor Immunology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutic and Tumor Immunology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephen Forman
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Defu Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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23
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Dudakov JA, Mertelsmann AM, O'Connor MH, Jenq RR, Velardi E, Young LF, Smith OM, Boyd RL, van den Brink MRM, Hanash AM. Loss of thymic innate lymphoid cells leads to impaired thymopoiesis in experimental graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2017; 130:933-942. [PMID: 28607133 PMCID: PMC5561900 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-762658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and posttransplant immunodeficiency are frequently related complications of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Alloreactive donor T cells can damage thymic epithelium, thus limiting new T-cell development. Although the thymus has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury, endogenous thymic regeneration is impaired in GVHD. The mechanisms leading to this regenerative failure are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate in experimental mouse models that GVHD results in depletion of intrathymic group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) necessary for thymic regeneration. Loss of thymic ILC3s resulted in deficiency of intrathymic interleukin-22 (IL-22) compared with transplant recipients without GVHD, thereby inhibiting IL-22-mediated protection of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and impairing recovery of thymopoiesis. Conversely, abrogating IL-21 receptor signaling in donor T cells and inhibiting the elimination of thymic ILCs improved thymopoiesis in an IL-22-dependent fashion. We found that the thymopoietic impairment in GVHD associated with loss of ILCs could be improved by restoration of IL-22 signaling. Despite uninhibited alloreactivity, exogenous IL-22 administration posttransplant resulted in increased recovery of thymopoiesis and development of new thymus-derived peripheral T cells. Our study highlights the role of innate immune function in thymic regeneration and restoration of adaptive immunity posttransplant. Manipulation of the ILC-IL-22-TEC axis may be useful for augmenting immune reconstitution after clinical hematopoietic transplantation and other settings of T-cell deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Dudakov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Anna M Mertelsmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Margaret H O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine and
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lauren F Young
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Odette M Smith
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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24
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Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4362. [PMID: 28659589 PMCID: PMC5489519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D levels in mothers affect the health status of both the mother and breastfeeding infant. Vitamin D deficient mothers’ infants are prone to rickets. While tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in cellular growth/apoptosis, immune cell function and bone-resorbing osteoclast formation, the expression of TRAIL in human milk as a function of vitamin D status in mothers remains unknown. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency alters TRAIL protein levels in human breast milk and mammary epithelial cells. Milk from vitamin D deficient mothers showed high levels of TRAIL (α and β) proteins compared to milk from vitamin D replete women. Western blot analysis of total cell lysate obtained from normal human mammary epithelial (HME-1) cells treated with variable doses (0–20 nM) of vitamin D for 24 h demonstrated that low levels (0.5 to 5 nM) significantly increased the TRAIL α but no change in β expression. In contrast, vitamin D at 20 nM concentration suppressed the expression of both TRAIL α and β proteins. Consistently, vitamin D regulated TRAIL mRNA expression in HME-1 cells. Our results indicate that vitamin D status in mothers modulates TRAIL expression in breast milk, which may have implications for both mother and infant health.
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25
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Ni X, Song Q, Cassady K, Deng R, Jin H, Zhang M, Dong H, Forman S, Martin PJ, Chen YZ, Wang J, Zeng D. PD-L1 interacts with CD80 to regulate graft-versus-leukemia activity of donor CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1960-1977. [PMID: 28414296 PMCID: PMC5409099 DOI: 10.1172/jci91138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1) and the immunostimulatory molecule CD80 and functions as a checkpoint to regulate immune responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with CD80 alone has been shown to exacerbate the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas costimulation of CD80 and PD-1 ameliorates GVHD. Here we have demonstrated that temporary depletion of donor CD4+ T cells early after hematopoietic cell transplantation effectively prevents GVHD while preserving strong graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in allogeneic and xenogeneic murine GVHD models. Depletion of donor CD4+ T cells increased serum IFN-γ but reduced IL-2 concentrations, leading to upregulation of PD-L1 expression by recipient tissues and donor CD8+ T cells. In GVHD target tissues, the interactions of PD-L1 with PD-1 on donor CD8+ T cells cause anergy, exhaustion, and apoptosis, thereby preventing GVHD. In lymphoid tissues, the interactions of PD-L1 with CD80 augment CD8+ T cell expansion without increasing anergy, exhaustion, or apoptosis, resulting in strong GVL effects. These results indicate that the outcome of PD-L1-mediated signaling in CD8+ T cells depends on the presence or absence of CD4+ T cells, the nature of the interacting receptor expressed by CD8+ T cells, and the tissue environment in which the signaling occurs.
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26
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Cooke KR, Luznik L, Sarantopoulos S, Hakim FT, Jagasia M, Fowler DH, van den Brink MRM, Hansen JA, Parkman R, Miklos DB, Martin PJ, Paczesny S, Vogelsang G, Pavletic S, Ritz J, Schultz KR, Blazar BR. The Biology of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Task Force Report from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:211-234. [PMID: 27713092 PMCID: PMC6020045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of late, nonrelapse mortality and disability in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients and a major obstacle to improving outcomes. The biology of chronic GVHD remains enigmatic, but understanding the underpinnings of the immunologic mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of disease is fundamental to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. The goals of this task force review are as follows: This document is intended as a review of our understanding of chronic GVHD biology and therapies resulting from preclinical studies, and as a platform for developing innovative clinical strategies to prevent and treat chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frances T Hakim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Madan Jagasia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel H Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John A Hansen
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robertson Parkman
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - David B Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Georgia Vogelsang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven Pavletic
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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27
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Kanatli I, Akkaya B, Uysal H, Kahraman S, Sanlioglu AD. Analysis of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and receptors and implications in thymus biology and myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 27:128-135. [PMID: 28012741 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis is an autoantibody-mediated, neuromuscular junction disease, and is usually associated with thymic abnormalities presented as thymic tumors (~10%) or hyperplastic thymus (~65%). The exact role of thymus in Myasthenia Gravis development is not clear, yet many patients benefit from thymectomy. The apoptotic ligand TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand is thought to be involved in the regulation of thymocyte counts, although conflicting results are reported. We investigated differential expression profiles of TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and its transmembrane receptors, Nuclear Factor-kB activation status, and apoptotic cell counts in healthy thymic tissue and pathological thymus from Myasthenia Gravis patients. All tissues expressed TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and its receptors, with hyperplastic tissue having the highest expression levels of death receptors DR4 and DR5. No detectable Nuclear Factor-kB activation, at least via the canonical Protein Kinase A-mediated p65 Ser276 phosphorylation, was evident in any of the tissues studied. Apoptotic cell counts were higher in MG-associated tissue compared to the normal thymus. Possible use of the TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand within the concept of an apoptotic ligand-mediated medical thymectomy in thymoma- or thymic hyperplasia-associated Myasthenia Gravis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kanatli
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey; Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Akkaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey; Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahter Dilsad Sanlioglu
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey; Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey.
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28
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Hamazaki Y, Sekai M, Minato N. Medullary thymic epithelial stem cells: role in thymic epithelial cell maintenance and thymic involution. Immunol Rev 2016; 271:38-55. [PMID: 27088906 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thymus consists of two distinct anatomical regions, the cortex and the medulla; medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a crucial role in establishing central T-cell tolerance for self-antigens. Although the understanding of mTEC development in thymic organogenesis as well as the regulation of their differentiation and maturation has improved, the mechanisms of postnatal maintenance remain poorly understood. This issue has a central importance in immune homeostasis and physiological thymic involution as well as autoimmune disorders in various clinicopathological settings. Recently, several reports have demonstrated the existence of TEC stem or progenitor cells in the postnatal thymus, which are either bipotent or unipotent. We identified stem cells specified for mTEC-lineage that are generated in the thymic ontogeny and may sustain mTEC regeneration and lifelong central T-cell self-tolerance. This finding suggested that the thymic medulla is maintained autonomously by its own stem cells. Although several issues, including the relationship with other putative TEC stem/progenitors, remain unclear, further examination of mTEC stem cells (mTECSCs) and their regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the understanding of postnatal immune homeostasis. Possible relationships between decline of mTECSC activity and early thymic involution as well as various autoimmune disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miho Sekai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Boieri M, Shah P, Dressel R, Inngjerdingen M. The Role of Animal Models in the Study of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and GvHD: A Historical Overview. Front Immunol 2016; 7:333. [PMID: 27625651 PMCID: PMC5003882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only therapeutic option for many hematological malignancies, but its applicability is limited by life-threatening complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The last decades have seen great advances in the understanding of BMT and its related complications; in particular GvHD. Animal models are beneficial to study complex diseases, as they allow dissecting the contribution of single components in the development of the disease. Most of the current knowledge on the therapeutic mechanisms of BMT derives from studies in animal models. Parallel to BMT, the understanding of the pathophysiology of GvHD, as well as the development of new treatment regimens, has also been supported by studies in animal models. Pre-clinical experimentation is the basis for deep understanding and successful improvements of clinical applications. In this review, we retrace the history of BMT and GvHD by describing how the studies in animal models have paved the way to the many advances in the field. We also describe how animal models contributed to the understanding of GvHD pathophysiology and how they are fundamental for the discovery of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Boieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pranali Shah
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Hu R, Liu Y, Su M, Song Y, Rood D, Lai L. Transplantation of Donor-Origin Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Thymic Epithelial Progenitors Prevents the Development of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:121-130. [PMID: 28170174 PMCID: PMC5442732 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for many malignant and nonmalignant diseases. However, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant cause of late morbidity and mortality after allogeneic HSCT. cGVHD often manifests as autoimmune syndrome. Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a critical role in supporting negative selection and regulatory T-cell (Treg) generation. Studies have shown that damage in TECs is sufficient to induce cGVHD. We have previously reported that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be selectively induced to generate thymic epithelial progenitors (TEPs) in vitro. When transplanted in vivo, mESC-TEPs further develop into TECs that support T-cell development. We show here that transplantation of donor-origin mESC-TEPs into cGVHD recipients induces immune tolerance to both donor and host antigens and prevents the development of cGVHD. This is associated with more TECs and Tregs. Our results suggest that embryonic stem cell-derived TEPs may offer a new tool to control cGVHD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:121-130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Su
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhong Song
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Debra Rood
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laijun Lai
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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31
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Abstract
As the primary site of T-cell development, the thymus plays a key role in the generation of a strong yet self-tolerant adaptive immune response, essential in the face of the potential threat from pathogens or neoplasia. As the importance of the role of the thymus has grown, so too has the understanding that it is extremely sensitive to both acute and chronic injury. The thymus undergoes rapid degeneration following a range of toxic insults, and also involutes as part of the aging process, albeit at a faster rate than many other tissues. The thymus is, however, capable of regenerating, restoring its function to a degree. Potential mechanisms for this endogenous thymic regeneration include keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) signaling, and a more recently described pathway in which innate lymphoid cells produce interleukin-22 (IL-22) in response to loss of double positive thymocytes and upregulation of IL-23 by dendritic cells. Endogenous repair is unable to fully restore the thymus, particularly in the aged population, and this paves the way toward the need for exogenous strategies to help regenerate or even replace thymic function. Therapies currently in clinical trials include KGF, use of the cytokines IL-7 and IL-22, and hormonal modulation including growth hormone administration and sex steroid inhibition. Further novel strategies are emerging in the preclinical setting, including the use of precursor T cells and thymus bioengineering. The use of such strategies offers hope that for many patients, the next regeneration of their thymus is a step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Antibodies from donor B cells perpetuate cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2016; 127:2249-60. [PMID: 26884373 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-668145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous sclerosis is one of the most common clinical manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Donor CD4(+) T and B cells play important roles in cGVHD pathogenesis, but the role of antibodies from donor B cells remains unclear. In the current studies, we generated immunoglobulin (Ig)H(µγ1) DBA/2 mice whose B cells have normal antigen-presentation and regulatory functions but cannot secrete antibodies. With a murine cGVHD model using DBA/2 donors and BALB/c recipients, we have shown that wild-type (WT) grafts induce persistent cGVHD with damage in the thymus, peripheral lymphoid organs, and skin, as well as cutaneous T helper 17 cell (Th17) infiltration. In contrast, IgH(µγ1) grafts induced only transient cGVHD with little damage in the thymus or peripheral lymph organs or with little cutaneous Th17 infiltration. Injections of IgG-containing sera from cGVHD recipients given WT grafts but not IgG-deficient sera from recipients given IgH(µγ1) grafts led to deposition of IgG in the thymus and skin, with resulting damage in the thymus and peripheral lymph organs, cutaneous Th17 infiltration, and perpetuation of cGVHD in recipients given IgH(µγ1) grafts. These results indicate that donor B-cell antibodies augment cutaneous cGVHD in part by damaging the thymus and increasing tissue infiltration of pathogenic Th17 cells.
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Riesner K, Kalupa M, Shi Y, Elezkurtaj S, Penack O. A preclinical acute GVHD mouse model based on chemotherapy conditioning and MHC-matched transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 51:410-7. [PMID: 26595081 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Animal disease models have been criticized for lack of resemblance to human illnesses, hampering transfer of knowledge from preclinical research to clinical medicine. In the field of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), it is standard practice to study GVHD in lethal TBI-based murine models. Frequently, MHC-mismatched donors are used in GVHD models. In contrast, in clinical allo-HSCT conditioning with chemotherapy (+/-TBI) is common and donors are often MHC-matched. Aiming at a more clinically oriented situation, we established and characterized a murine MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen mismatched GVHD model (LP/J [H2k(b)]-->C57BL/6 [H2k(b)]) using busulfan and cyclophosphamide conditioning. We found typical clinical and histological features of acute GVHD. T-cell infiltration, GVHD-specific damage and systemic inflammation were similar to observations made in patients after allo-HSCT. In survivors of acute GVHD, we found expansion of CD4+ T cells and the development of scleroderma-like chronic GVHD. The use of chemotherapy-based, minor histocompatibility antigen (miHA)-mismatched GVHD animal models may be a good option when studying clinically relevant questions in the field of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Riesner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kalupa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Elezkurtaj
- Institute for Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Penack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Mensen A, Oh Y, Becker SC, Hemmati PG, Jehn C, Westermann J, Szyska M, Göldner H, Dörken B, Scheibenbogen C, Arnold R, Na IK. Apoptosis Susceptibility Prolongs the Lack of Memory B Cells in Acute Leukemic Patients After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1895-906. [PMID: 26271190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires intact immunosurveillance, which is hampered by lymphoid organ damage associated with conditioning therapy, graft-versus-host disease, and immunosuppression. Our study aimed to identify the mechanisms contributing to sustained low memory B cell numbers after transplantation. Peripheral B and T cell subset recovery and functional marker expression were investigated in 35 acute leukemic patients up to 1 year after transplantation. Apoptosis of B cells after CD40/TLR-9, CD40/BCR, and CD40/BCR/TLR-9-dependent stimulation and drug efflux capacity were analyzed. One half of the patients suffered from infections after day 180. All patients had strongly diminished CD27(+) memory B cells despite already normalized total B cell numbers and fully recovered CD27(-)IgD(-) memory B cells, putatively of extra-follicular origin. Circulating memory follicular helper T cells were reduced in the majority of patients as well. Naïve B cells exhibited a decreased expression of CXCR5, which mediates follicular B cell entry. Additionally, a lower HLA-DR expression was found on naïve B cells, impairing antigen presentation. Upon CD40/TLR-9-dependent activation, B cells underwent significantly increased apoptosis paralleled by an aberrant up-regulation of Fas-L on activated T cells and Fas on resting B cells. Significantly increased B cell apoptosis was also observed after CD40/BCR and CD40/BCR/TLR-9-dependent activation. Drug efflux capacity of naïve B cells was diminished in cyclosporin A-treated patients, additionally contributing to an apoptosis-prone phenotype. We conclude that B cell survival and migration and T cell communication defects are contributing candidates for an impaired germinal center formation of memory B cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Follow-up studies should evaluate effectiveness of revaccinations on the cellular level and should address the long-term sequelae of B cell defects after transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D/genetics
- Immunologic Memory
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR5/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
- Unrelated Donors
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mensen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Youngseong Oh
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonya C Becker
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp G Hemmati
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Jehn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Westermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Szyska
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Göldner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Dörken
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Arnold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Impaired thymic expression of tissue-restricted antigens licenses the de novo generation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells in acute GVHD. Blood 2015; 125:2720-3. [PMID: 25691159 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-597245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in mice, autoreactive T cells can be generated de novo in the host thymus implying an impairment in self-tolerance induction. As a possible mechanism, we have previously reported that mature medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC(high)) expressing the autoimmune regulator are targets of donor T-cell alloimmunity during aGVHD. A decline in mTEC(high) cell pool size, which purges individual tissue-restricted peripheral self-antigens (TRA) from the total thymic ectopic TRA repertoire, weakens the platform for central tolerance induction. Here we provide evidence in a transgenic mouse system using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model surrogate TRA that the de novo production of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells during acute GVHD is a direct consequence of impaired thymic ectopic OVA expression in mTEC(high) cells. Our data, therefore, indicate that a functional compromise of the medullary mTEC(high) compartment may link alloimmunity to the development of autoimmunity during chronic GVHD.
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36
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Detrait MY, Morisset S, Peffault de Latour R, Yakoub-Agha I, Crocchiolo R, Tabrizi R, Bay JO, Chevalier P, Barraco F, Raus N, Vigouroux S, Magro L, Mohty M, Milpied N, Blaise D, Socié G, Michallet M. Pre-transplantation risk factors to develop sclerotic chronic GvHD after allogeneic HSCT: A multicenter retrospective study from the Société Française de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM-TC). Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 50:253-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Pozzesi N, Fierabracci A, Thuy TT, Martelli MP, Liberati AM, Ayroldi E, Riccardi C, Delfino DV. Pharmacological Modulation of Caspase-8 in Thymus-Related Medical Conditions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:18-24. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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38
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Mensen A, Na IK, Häfer R, Meerbach A, Schlecht M, Pietschmann ML, Gruhn B. Comparison of different rabbit ATG preparation effects on early lymphocyte subset recovery after allogeneic HSCT and its association with EBV-mediated PTLD. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1971-80. [PMID: 24962343 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is commonly used before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to prevent graft-versus-host disease. Studies comparing the effect of different ATG preparations and dosages on immune reconstitution and risk for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) are rare. METHODS In this retrospective study, we determined T and B cell subsets by flow cytometry after allo-HSCT in children, who received ATG-Genzyme (ATG-G, n = 15), ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F, n = 25) or no-ATG treatment (n = 19). Additionally, PCR-quantified EBV-genome copy counts were correlated with incidence of PTLD. RESULTS We could confirm a dose-dependent impairment of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell regeneration by ATG-G, including naïve and memory CD4(+) T cells. No differences were seen between the currently applied dosages of 5-10 mg/kg ATG-G and 20-60 mg/kg ATG-F. Significantly delayed T cell subset reconstitution was determined only at high dosages of 20-60 mg/kg ATG-G compared to ATG-F. B cell reconstitution was comparably impaired in ATG-G- and ATG-F-treated patients. Although the incidence of EBV reactivation was similar in both ATG groups, EBV copy counts of >10(4) copies/10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the occurrence of PTLD were only found in ATG-G-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that high, but importantly not currently applied low dosages of ATG-G, impair thymic T cell regeneration and memory T cell immunity to a greater extent than ATG-F in pediatric patients. In addition, our results suggest an increased risk for EBV-PTLD when treated with ATG-G. Prospective studies are warranted to compare different ATG preparations with regard to the immune reconstitution and EBV-PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mensen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité CVK, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Bone marrow T-cell infiltration during acute GVHD is associated with delayed B-cell recovery and function after HSCT. Blood 2014; 124:963-72. [PMID: 24833353 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-539031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell immune dysfunction contributes to the risk of severe infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Delayed B-cell regeneration is found in patients with systemic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is often accompanied by bone marrow (BM) suppression. Little is known about human BM GVHD. We analyzed the reconstitution kinetics of B-cell subsets in adult leukemic patients within 6 months after allo-HSCT. B-cell deficiency already existed before transplant and was aggravated after transplant. Onset of B-cell reconstitution characterized by transitional B-cell recovery occurred either early (months 2-3) or late (from month 6 on) and correlated highly positively with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction quantified numbers of κ-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs). Delayed recovery was associated with systemic acute GVHD and full-intensity conditioning therapy. Histological analysis of BM trephines revealed increased T-cell infiltration in late recovering patients, which was associated with reduced numbers of osteoblasts. Functionally, late recovering patients displayed less pneumococcal polysaccharide-specific immunoglobin M-producing B cells on ex vivo B-cell activation than early recovering patients. Our results provide evidence for acute BM GVHD in allo-HSCT patients with infiltrating donor T cells and osteoblast destruction. This is associated with delayed B-cell reconstitution and impaired antibody response. Herein, KREC appears suitable to monitor BM B-cell output after transplant.
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40
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Johnston HF, Xu Y, Racine JJ, Cassady K, Ni X, Wu T, Chan A, Forman S, Zeng D. Administration of anti-CD20 mAb is highly effective in preventing but ineffective in treating chronic graft-versus-host disease while preserving strong graft-versus-leukemia effects. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1089-103. [PMID: 24796279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an autoimmune-like syndrome, and donor B cells play important roles in augmenting its pathogenesis. B cell-depleting anti-CD20 mAb has been administered before or after cGVHD onset for preventing or treating cGVHD in the clinic. Although administration before onset appeared to be more effective, the effect is variable and sometimes minimal. Here, we used 2 mouse cGVHD models to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effect of anti-CD20 mAb. With the model of DBA/2 donor to MHC-matched BALB/c recipient, 1 intravenous injection of anti-CD20 mAb (40 mg/kg) the following day or on day 7 after hematopoietic cell transplantation when serum autoantibodies were undetectable effectively prevented induction of cGVHD and preserved a strong graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. The separation of GVL effect from GVHD was associated with a significant reduction of donor CD4(+) T cell proliferation and expansion and protection of host thymic medullary epithelial cells. Anti-CD20 mAb administration also prevented expansion of donor T cells and induction of cGVHD in another mouse model of C57BL/6 donor to MHC-mismatched BALB/c recipients. In contrast, administration of anti-CD20 mAb after GVHD onset was not able to effectively deplete donor B cells or ameliorate cGVHD in either model. These results indicate that administration of anti-CD20 mAb before signs of cGVHD can prevent induction of autoimmune-like cGVHD while preserving a GVL effect; there is little effect if administered after cGVHD onset. This provides new insights into clinical prevention and therapy of cGVHD with B cell-depleting reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather F Johnston
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yajing Xu
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jeremy J Racine
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Kaniel Cassady
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Xiong Ni
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen Forman
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Defu Zeng
- Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
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Poor antibody validation is a challenge in biomedical research: a case study for detection of c-FLIP. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1154-62. [PMID: 23917691 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful translation of findings derived from preclinical studies into effective therapies is critical in biomedical research. Lack of robustness and reproducibility of the preclinical data, due to insufficient number of repeats, inadequate cell-based and mouse models contribute to the poor success rate. Antibodies are widely used in preclinical research, notably to determine the expression of potential therapeutic targets in tissues of interest, including tumors, but also to identify disease and/or treatment response biomarkers. We sought to determine whether the current antibody characterization standards in preclinical research are sufficient to ensure reliability of the data found in peer-reviewed publications. To address this issue, we used detection of the protein c-FLIP, a major factor of resistance to apoptosis, as a proof of concept. Accurate detection of endogenous c-FLIP levels in the preclinical settings is imperative since it is considered as a potential theranostic biomarker. Several sources of c-FLIP antibodies validated by their manufacturer and recommended for western blotting were therefore rigorously tested. We found a wide divergence in immune recognition properties. While these antibodies have been used in many publications, our results show that several of them failed to detect endogenous c-FLIP protein by Western blotting. Our results suggest that antibody validation standards are inadequate, and that systematic use of genetic knockdowns and/or knockouts to establish proof of specificity is critical, even for antibodies previously used in the scientific literature. Because antibodies are fundamental tools in both preclinical and clinical research, ensuring their specificity is crucial.
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42
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The histone methyltransferase Ezh2 is a crucial epigenetic regulator of allogeneic T-cell responses mediating graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2013; 122:4119-28. [PMID: 24141370 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-505180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modification of histones by methylation plays an important role in regulating Ag-driven T-cell responses. We have recently drawn correlations between allogeneic T-cell responses and the histone methyltransferase Ezh2, which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. The functional relevance of Ezh2 in T-cell alloimmunity remains unclear. Here, we identify a central role of Ezh2 in regulating allogeneic T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. Conditional loss of Ezh2 in donor T cells inhibited graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Although Ezh2-deficient T cells were initially activated to proliferate upon alloantigenic priming, their ability to undergo continual proliferation and expansion was defective during late stages of GVHD induction. This effect of Ezh2 ablation was largely independent of the proapoptotic molecule Bim. Unexpectedly, as a gene silencer, Ezh2 was required to promote the expression of transcription factors Tbx21 and Stat4. Loss of Ezh2 in T cells specifically impaired their differentiation into interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector cells. However, Ezh2 ablation retained antileukemia activity in alloreactive T cells, leading to improved overall survival of the recipients. Our findings justify investigation of modulating Ezh2 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GVHD and other T cell-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Mensen A, Ochs C, Stroux A, Wittenbecher F, Szyska M, Imberti L, Fillatreau S, Uharek L, Arnold R, Dörken B, Thiel A, Scheibenbogen C, Na IK. Utilization of TREC and KREC quantification for the monitoring of early T- and B-cell neogenesis in adult patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2013; 11:188. [PMID: 23941115 PMCID: PMC3751290 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) T- and B-cell reconstitution from primary lymphoid organs are a prerequisite for an effective early lymphocyte reconstitution and a long-term survival for adult patients suffering from acute leukemia. Here, we asked whether quantification of T cell receptor excision circle, (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) before and within six month after allogeneic HSCT could be used to measure the thymic and bone marrow outputs in such patients. METHODS We used a duplex real time PCR assay to quantify the absolute copy counts of TREC and KREC, and correlated the data with absolute cell counts of CD3+CD4+ T-cell and CD19+ B-cell subsets determined by flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS By comparing two recently proposed naïve T cell subsets, CD31+ naive and CD31- naive T cells, we found a better correlation for the CD31+ subset with TREC level post alloHSCT, in line with the assumption that it contained T cells recently derived from the thymus, indicating that TREC levels reflected real thymic de novo production. Transitional as well as naïve B cells highly correlated with KREC levels, which suggested an association of KREC levels with ongoing bone marrow B cell output. CD45RO+ memory T cells and CD27+ memory B cells were significantly less correlated with TREC and KREC recovery, respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that simultaneous TREC/ KREC quantification is as a suitable and practicable method to monitor thymic and bone marrow output post alloHSCT in adult patients diagnosed with acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mensen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité CVK, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Epithelial cytoprotection sustains ectopic expression of tissue-restricted antigens in the thymus during murine acute GVHD. Blood 2013; 122:837-41. [PMID: 23719300 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-474759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) predisposes to chronic GVHD with autoimmune manifestations. A characteristic of experimental aGVHD is the de novo generation of autoreactive T cells. Central tolerance is dependent on the intrathymic expression of tissue-restricted peripheral self-antigens (TRA), which is in mature medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC(high)) partly controlled by the autoimmune regulator (Aire). Because TECs are targets of donor T-cell alloimmunity, we tested whether murine aGVHD interfered with the capacity of recipient Aire(+)mTEC(high) to sustain TRA diversity. We report that aGVHD weakens the platform for central tolerance induction because individual TRAs are purged from the total repertoire secondary to a decline in the Aire(+)mTEC(high) cell pool. Peritransplant administration of an epithelial cytoprotective agent, fibroblast growth factor-7, maintained a stable pool of Aire(+)mTEC(high), with an improved TRA transcriptome despite aGVHD. Taken together, our data provide a mechanism for how autoimmunity may develop in the context of antecedent alloimmunity.
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Wu T, Young JS, Johnston H, Ni X, Deng R, Racine J, Wang M, Wang A, Todorov I, Wang J, Zeng D. Thymic damage, impaired negative selection, and development of chronic graft-versus-host disease caused by donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:488-99. [PMID: 23709681 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major challenge in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) owing to limited understanding of cGVHD pathogenesis and lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, we report that, in classical acute GVHD models with C57BL/6 donors and MHC-mismatched BALB/c recipients and with C3H.SW donors and MHC-matched C57BL/6 recipients, GVHD recipients surviving for >60 d after HCT developed cGVHD characterized by cutaneous fibrosis, tissue damage in the salivary gland, and the presence of serum autoantibodies. Donor CD8(+) T cells were more potent than CD4(+) T cells for inducing cGVHD. The recipient thymus and de novo-generated, donor-derived CD4(+) T cells were required for induction of cGVHD by donor CD8(+) T cells but not by donor CD4(+) T cells. Donor CD8(+) T cells preferentially damaged recipient medullary thymic epithelial cells and impaired negative selection, resulting in production of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells that perpetuated damage to the thymus and augmented the development of cGVHD. Short-term anti-CD4 mAb treatment early after HCT enabled recovery from thymic damage and prevented cGVHD. These results demonstrate that donor CD8(+) T cells cause cGVHD solely through thymic-dependent mechanisms, whereas CD4(+) T cells can cause cGVHD through either thymic-dependent or independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Tran IT, Sandy AR, Carulli AJ, Ebens C, Chung J, Shan GT, Radojcic V, Friedman A, Gridley T, Shelton A, Reddy P, Samuelson LC, Yan M, Siebel CW, Maillard I. Blockade of individual Notch ligands and receptors controls graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1590-604. [PMID: 23454750 DOI: 10.1172/jci65477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the main complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Current strategies to control GVHD rely on global immunosuppression. These strategies are incompletely effective and decrease the anticancer activity of the allogeneic graft. We previously identified Notch signaling in T cells as a new therapeutic target for preventing GVHD. Notch-deprived T cells showed markedly decreased production of inflammatory cytokines, but normal in vivo proliferation, increased accumulation of regulatory T cells, and preserved anticancer effects. Here, we report that γ-secretase inhibitors can block all Notch signals in alloreactive T cells, but lead to severe on-target intestinal toxicity. Using newly developed humanized antibodies and conditional genetic models, we demonstrate that Notch1/Notch2 receptors and the Notch ligands Delta-like1/4 mediate all the effects of Notch signaling in T cells during GVHD, with dominant roles for Notch1 and Delta-like4. Notch1 inhibition controlled GVHD, but led to treatment-limiting toxicity. In contrast, Delta-like1/4 inhibition blocked GVHD without limiting adverse effects while preserving substantial anticancer activity. Transient blockade in the peritransplant period provided durable protection. These findings open new perspectives for selective and safe targeting of individual Notch pathway components in GVHD and other T cell-mediated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy T Tran
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Ghosh A, Dogan Y, Moroz M, Holland AM, Yim NL, Rao UK, Young LF, Tannenbaum D, Masih D, Velardi E, Tsai JJ, Jenq RR, Penack O, Hanash AM, Smith OM, Piersanti K, Lezcano C, Murphy GF, Liu C, Palomba ML, Sauer MG, Sadelain M, Ponomarev V, van den Brink MRM. Adoptively transferred TRAIL+ T cells suppress GVHD and augment antitumor activity. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2654-62. [PMID: 23676461 DOI: 10.1172/jci66301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Current strategies to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) also compromise graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses. Furthermore, most experimental strategies to separate GVHD and GVT responses merely spare GVT function without actually enhancing it. We have previously shown that endogenously expressed TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is required for optimal GVT activity against certain malignancies in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In order to model a donor-derived cellular therapy, we genetically engineered T cells to overexpress TRAIL and adoptively transferred donor-type unsorted TRAIL+ T cells into mouse models of allo-HSCT. We found that murine TRAIL+ T cells induced apoptosis of alloreactive T cells, thereby reducing GVHD in a DR5-dependent manner. Furthermore, murine TRAIL+ T cells mediated enhanced in vitro and in vivo antilymphoma GVT response. Moreover, human TRAIL+ T cells mediated enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity against both human leukemia cell lines and against freshly isolated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Finally, as a model of off-the-shelf, donor-unrestricted antitumor cellular therapy, in vitro-generated TRAIL+ precursor T cells from third-party donors also mediated enhanced GVT response in the absence of GVHD. These data indicate that TRAIL-overexpressing donor T cells could potentially enhance the curative potential of allo-HSCT by increasing GVT response and suppressing GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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Shi M, Li M, Cui Y, Liu L, Adachi Y, Ikehara S. CD4+ T cell-depleted lymphocyte infusion impairs neither the recovery of recipient thymus nor the development of transplanted thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2976-83. [PMID: 23382561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thymus transplantation, in conjunction with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), has been attracting attention for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) has been used as a helpful tool for establishing donor chimerism and preventing a relapse of leukemia/lymphoma. However, the effects of DLI on transplanted and recipient thymuses have not been explored. We therefore performed DLI in the intrabone marrow-BMT + thymus transplantation setting. We have found that DLI leads to derangements in both recipient thymuses and transplanted thymuses; by 2 wk after BMT, we saw a decrease in total cell number, a lower percentage of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells, and the obliteration of the thymic corticomedullary junction. Four weeks later, the thymic impairment became more serious. However, when we depleted the CD4(+) T cells (CD4(-)-DLI), the recipient thymic recovery and transplanted thymic development were significantly restored by the treatment. In addition, there were much greater levels of TNF-α and Fas ligand, and a lower percentage of regulatory T cells in the DLI group than in the CD4(-)-DLI group. These findings indicate that inflammation induced by DLI, especially by CD4(+) T cells, plays a crucial role in the thymic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, 570-8506 Osaka, Japan
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Recombinant CD95-Fc (APG101) prevents graft-versus-host disease in mice without disabling antitumor cytotoxicity and T-cell functions. Blood 2012. [PMID: 23203823 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-423392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) induced by transplant-derived T cells represents a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, these T cells support engraftment, early T-cell immunity, and mediate the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Cytotoxic effector functions by transplanted T cells are predominantly mediated by the perforin/granzyme and the CD95/CD95L system. APG101, a novel recombinant human fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CD95 and the Fc domain of an IgG1 antibody inhibited CD95L-induced apoptosis without interfering with T-cell function in vitro and was therefore tested for its ability to prevent GVHD in murine BMT models across minor or major histocompatibility barriers. Starting APG101 treatment either 1 day before or 6 days after transplantation effectively reduced clinical GVHD and rescued survival between 60% and 100% if GVHD was CD95L mediated. APG101 did not interfere with the GVT effect, because P815 mastocytoma and most importantly primary Bcr-Abl-transformed B-cell leukemias were completely eradicated by the alloantigen-specific T cells. Phenotype and homing of alloantigen-specific T cells or their perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity and proliferative capacity were not affected by APG101 treatment suggesting that APG101 therapy might be useful in GVHD prophylaxis without impairing T-cell function and most importantly preserving GVT activity.
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Toubert A, Glauzy S, Douay C, Clave E. Thymus and immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in humans: never say never again. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 79:83-9. [PMID: 22220718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the host immune status is becoming a key issue in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the long-term follow-up of these patients, severe post-transplant infections, relapse or secondary malignancies may be directly related to persistent immune defects. In allo-HSCT, T-cell differentiation of donor progenitors within the recipient thymus is required to generate naive recent T-cell emigrants (RTE). These cells account for a durable T-cell reconstitution, generating a diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and robust response to infections. It is now possible to quantify the production of RTE by measuring thymic T-cell receptor excision circles or 'TREC' which are small circular DNA produced during the recombination of the genomic segments encoding the TCR alpha chain. Here we discuss the role of thymic function in allo-HSCT. The pre-transplant recipient thymic function correlates with clinical outcome in terms of survival and occurrence of severe infections. Post-transplant, TREC analysis showed that the thymus is a sensitive target to the allogeneic acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) reaction but is also prone to recovery in young adult patients. In all, thymus is a key player for the quality of immune reconstitution and clinical outcome after allo-HSCT. Thymic tissue is plastic and it is a future challenge to halt or reverse thymic GVHD therapeutically by acting at the level of T-cell progenitors generation, thymic homing and/or epithelial thymic tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Toubert
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
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