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Ben-Khemis M, Liu D, Pintard C, Song Z, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Marie JC, El-Benna J, Dang PMC. TNFα counteracts interleukin-10 anti-inflammatory pathway through the NOX2-Lyn-SHP-1 axis in human monocytes. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102898. [PMID: 37757542 PMCID: PMC10539668 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFα-mediated signaling pathways play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by promoting phagocyte inflammatory functions, notably cytokine release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by NOX2. In contrast, interleukin-10 (IL-10), a powerful anti-inflammatory cytokine, potently shuts down phagocyte activation, making IL-10 an attractive therapeutic candidate. However, IL-10 therapy has shown limited efficacy in patients with inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that TNFα blocks IL-10 anti-inflammatory pathways in human monocytes, thereby prolonging inflammation. TNFα decreased IL-10-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and consequently IL-10-induced expression of the major anti-inflammatory factor, SOCS3. Decreased STAT3 phosphorylation was due to a SHP1/2 phosphatase, as NSC-87877, a SHP1/2 inhibitor, restored STAT3 phosphorylation and prevented the TNFα-induced inhibition of IL-10 signaling. TNFα activated only SHP1 in human monocytes and this activation was NOX2-dependent, as diphenyleneiodonium, a NOX2 inhibitor, suppressed SHP1 activation and STAT3 dephosphorylation triggered by TNFα. ROS-induced activation of SHP1 was mediated by the redox-sensitive kinase, Lyn, as its inhibition impeded TNFα-induced SHP1 activation and STAT3 dephosphorylation. Furthermore, H2O2 recapitulated TNFα-inhibitory activity on IL-10 signaling. Finally, NSC-87877 dampened collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice. These results reveal that TNFα disrupts IL-10 signaling by inducing STAT3 dephosphorylation through a NOX2-ROS-Lyn-SHP1 axis in human monocytes and that inhibition of SHP1/2 in vivo protects against CAIA. These new findings might explain the poor efficacy of IL-10 therapy in patients with inflammatory diseases and suggest that anti-TNFα agents and SHP1/2 inhibitors could improve the therapeutic use of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ben-Khemis
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Dan Liu
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Coralie Pintard
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Zhuoyao Song
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France; Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France.
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López-Palacios TP, Andersen JL. Kinase regulation by liquid-liquid phase separation. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:649-666. [PMID: 36528418 PMCID: PMC10267292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is emerging as a mechanism of spatiotemporal regulation that could answer long-standing questions about how order is achieved in biochemical signaling. In this review we discuss how LLPS orchestrates kinase signaling, either by creating condensate structures that are sensed by kinases or by direct LLPS of kinases, cofactors, and substrates - thereby acting as a mechanism to compartmentalize kinase-substrate relationships, and in some cases also sequestering the kinase away from inhibitory factors. We also examine the possibility that selective pressure promotes genomic rearrangements that fuse pro-growth kinases to LLPS-prone protein sequences, which in turn drives aberrant kinase activation through LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania P López-Palacios
- Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Fritz B. Burns Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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Yadav N, Babu D, Madigubba S, Panigrahi M, Phanithi PB. Tyrphostin A9 attenuates glioblastoma growth by suppressing PYK2/EGFR-ERK signaling pathway. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:675-692. [PMID: 37415005 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary brain tumor with extremely poor clinical outcomes. The anticancer efficiency of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been shown in GBM and other cancer, with limited therapeutic outcomes. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the clinical impact of active proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (PYK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GBM and evaluate its druggability by a synthetic TKI-Tyrphostin A9 (TYR A9). METHODS The expression profile of PYK2 and EGFR in astrocytoma biopsies (n = 48) and GBM cell lines were evaluated through quantitative PCR, western blots, and immunohistochemistry. The clinical association of phospho-PYK2 and EGFR was analyzed with various clinicopathological features and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The phospho-PYK2 and EGFR druggability and subsequent anticancer efficacy of TYR A9 was evaluated in GBM cell lines and intracranial C6 glioma model. RESULTS Our expression data revealed an increased phospho-PYK2, and EGFR expression aggravates astrocytoma malignancy and is associated with patients' poor survival. The mRNA and protein correlation analysis showed a positive association between phospho-PYK2 and EGFR in GBM tissues. The in-vitro studies demonstrated that TYR A9 reduced GBM cell growth, cell migration, and induced apoptosis by attenuating PYK2/EGFR-ERK signaling. The in-vivo data showed TYR A9 treatment dramatically reduced glioma growth with augmented animal survival by repressing PYK2/EGFR-ERK signaling. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study report that increased phospho-PYK2 and EGFR expression in astrocytoma was associated with poor prognosis. The in-vitro and in-vivo evidence underlined translational implication of TYR A9 by suppressing PYK2/EGFR-ERK modulated signaling pathway. The schematic diagram displayed proof of concept of the current study indicating activated PYK2 either through the Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) signaling pathway or autophosphorylation at Tyr402 induces association to the SH2 domain of c-Src that leads to c-Src activation. Activated c-Src in turn activates PYK2 at other tyrosine residues that recruit Grb2/SOS complex and trigger ERK½ activation. Besides, PYK2 interaction with c-Src acts as an upstream of EGFR transactivator that can activate the ERK½ signaling pathway, which induces cell proliferation and cell survival by increasing anti-apoptotic proteins or inhibiting pro-apoptotic proteins. TYR A9 treatment attenuate GBM cell proliferation and migration; and induce GBM cell death by inhibiting PYK2 and EGFR-induced ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Yadav
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Deepak Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Sailaja Madigubba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500 003, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500 003, India
| | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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Guo J, Zhang B, Xiong Y, Kang T, Han Y, Xu Y, Zhao W, Yu P, Zhang L, Song C, Zhao L, Xu D. The temporal characteristics of the disruption of gut microbiota, serum metabolome, and cytokines by silica exposure in wistar rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114580. [PMID: 36706523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is one of the most frequent, rapidly developing, and lethal types of pneumoconiosis. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis and progress remains unclear. We investigated the fundamental processes of silicosis incidence and progression using a combination of lung function testing, histopathology, 16 S rRNA, untargeted metabolomics, and cytokine chips at different exposure times (4 or 8 weeks). The results show that silica exposure damages lung tissue reduces lung function, and increases with time. Cytokines with time-specific properties were found in lung lavage fluid: IFN-γ (4 weeks; P<0.05), TNF-α, M-CSF, GM-CSF (8 weeks; P<0.01). In addition, silica exposure for different periods interferes to varying degrees with the metabolism of lipids. The composition of the intestinal microbiota changed with increasing exposure time and there were time-specific: Allobaculum, Turicibacter、Jeotgalicoccu、Coprococcus 1 (4 weeks; P<0.05), Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group、Ruminiclostridium 5 (8 weeks; P<0.05). We found strong associations between cytokines, gut microbiota changes, and metabolic disturbances at different exposure times. These results suggest that time-specific changes in crosstalk among cytokines, the gut microbiota, and metabolites may be a potential mechanism for silica-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Taisheng Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Pin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chenchen Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lianlian Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, China.
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5
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Antonia RJ, Karelehto E, Toriguchi K, Matli M, Warren RS, Pfeffer LM, Donner DB. STAT3 regulates inflammatory cytokine production downstream of TNFR1 by inducing expression of TNFAIP3/A20. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4591-4601. [PMID: 35841281 PMCID: PMC9357623 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) potently induces a transient inflammatory response that must be downregulated once any invasive stimulus has resolved. Yet, how TNF‐induced inflammation is shut down in normal cells is incompletely understood. The present study shows that STAT3 was activated in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) by treatment with TNF or an agonist antibody to TNFR1. STAT3 activation was inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase that associates with TNFR1. To identify STAT3 target genes, global transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was performed in wild‐type MEFs and MEFs from STAT3 knockout (STAT3KO) mice that were stimulated with TNF, and the results were validated at the protein level by using multiplex cytokine assays and immunoblotting. After TNF stimulation, STAT3KO MEFs showed greater gene and protein induction of the inflammatory chemokines Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 than WT MEFs. These observations show that, by activating STAT3, TNF selectively modulates expression of a cohort of chemokines that promote inflammation. The greater induction by TNF of chemokines in STAT3KO than WT MEFs suggested that TNF induced an inhibitory protein in WT MEFs. Consistent with this possibility, STAT3 activation by TNFR1 increased the expression of Tnfaip3/A20, a ubiquitin modifying enzyme that inhibits inflammation, in WT MEFs but not in STAT3KO MEFs. Moreover, enforced expression of Tnfaip3/A20 in STAT3KO MEFs suppressed proinflammatory chemokine expression induced by TNF. Our observations identify Tnfaip3/A20 as a new downstream target for STAT3 which limits the induction of Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 and inflammation induced by TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Antonia
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eveliina Karelehto
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kan Toriguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Matli
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert S Warren
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (College of Medicine), and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David B Donner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Aschenbrenner AC, Mouktaroudi M, Krämer B, Oestreich M, Antonakos N, Nuesch-Germano M, Gkizeli K, Bonaguro L, Reusch N, Baßler K, Saridaki M, Knoll R, Pecht T, Kapellos TS, Doulou S, Kröger C, Herbert M, Holsten L, Horne A, Gemünd ID, Rovina N, Agrawal S, Dahm K, van Uelft M, Drews A, Lenkeit L, Bruse N, Gerretsen J, Gierlich J, Becker M, Händler K, Kraut M, Theis H, Mengiste S, De Domenico E, Schulte-Schrepping J, Seep L, Raabe J, Hoffmeister C, ToVinh M, Keitel V, Rieke G, Talevi V, Skowasch D, Aziz NA, Pickkers P, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Schultze JL, Kox M, Breteler MMB, Nattermann J, Koutsoukou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ulas T. Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients. Genome Med 2021; 13:7. [PMID: 33441124 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients all over the world. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic, mild respiratory tract infection, to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Reports on a dysregulated immune system in the severe cases call for a better characterization and understanding of the changes in the immune system. METHODS In order to dissect COVID-19-driven immune host responses, we performed RNA-seq of whole blood cell transcriptomes and granulocyte preparations from mild and severe COVID-19 patients and analyzed the data using a combination of conventional and data-driven co-expression analysis. Additionally, publicly available data was used to show the distinction from COVID-19 to other diseases. Reverse drug target prediction was used to identify known or novel drug candidates based on finding from data-driven findings. RESULTS Here, we profiled whole blood transcriptomes of 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 control donors enabling a data-driven stratification based on molecular phenotype. Neutrophil activation-associated signatures were prominently enriched in severe patient groups, which was corroborated in whole blood transcriptomes from an independent second cohort of 30 as well as in granulocyte samples from a third cohort of 16 COVID-19 patients (44 samples). Comparison of COVID-19 blood transcriptomes with those of a collection of over 3100 samples derived from 12 different viral infections, inflammatory diseases, and independent control samples revealed highly specific transcriptome signatures for COVID-19. Further, stratified transcriptomes predicted patient subgroup-specific drug candidates targeting the dysregulated systemic immune response of the host. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel insights in the distinct molecular subgroups or phenotypes that are not simply explained by clinical parameters. We show that whole blood transcriptomes are extremely informative for COVID-19 since they capture granulocytes which are major drivers of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Mouktaroudi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie Oestreich
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Antonakos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Melanie Nuesch-Germano
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantina Gkizeli
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Reusch
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Baßler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Saridaki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Knoll
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tal Pecht
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodore S Kapellos
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarandia Doulou
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kröger
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Herbert
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa Holsten
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arik Horne
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioanna D Gemünd
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Shobhit Agrawal
- West German Genome Center (WGGC), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Dahm
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina van Uelft
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Drews
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Lenkeit
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Bruse
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannik Gierlich
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kraut
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heidi Theis
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simachew Mengiste
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena De Domenico
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Seep
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Raabe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael ToVinh
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Rieke
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Talevi
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section of Pneumology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Aschenbrenner AC, Mouktaroudi M, Krämer B, Oestreich M, Antonakos N, Nuesch-Germano M, Gkizeli K, Bonaguro L, Reusch N, Baßler K, Saridaki M, Knoll R, Pecht T, Kapellos TS, Doulou S, Kröger C, Herbert M, Holsten L, Horne A, Gemünd ID, Rovina N, Agrawal S, Dahm K, van Uelft M, Drews A, Lenkeit L, Bruse N, Gerretsen J, Gierlich J, Becker M, Händler K, Kraut M, Theis H, Mengiste S, De Domenico E, Schulte-Schrepping J, Seep L, Raabe J, Hoffmeister C, ToVinh M, Keitel V, Rieke G, Talevi V, Skowasch D, Aziz NA, Pickkers P, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Schultze JL, Kox M, Breteler MMB, Nattermann J, Koutsoukou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ulas T. Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients. Genome Med 2021; 13:7. [PMID: 33441124 PMCID: PMC7805430 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients all over the world. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic, mild respiratory tract infection, to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Reports on a dysregulated immune system in the severe cases call for a better characterization and understanding of the changes in the immune system. METHODS In order to dissect COVID-19-driven immune host responses, we performed RNA-seq of whole blood cell transcriptomes and granulocyte preparations from mild and severe COVID-19 patients and analyzed the data using a combination of conventional and data-driven co-expression analysis. Additionally, publicly available data was used to show the distinction from COVID-19 to other diseases. Reverse drug target prediction was used to identify known or novel drug candidates based on finding from data-driven findings. RESULTS Here, we profiled whole blood transcriptomes of 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 control donors enabling a data-driven stratification based on molecular phenotype. Neutrophil activation-associated signatures were prominently enriched in severe patient groups, which was corroborated in whole blood transcriptomes from an independent second cohort of 30 as well as in granulocyte samples from a third cohort of 16 COVID-19 patients (44 samples). Comparison of COVID-19 blood transcriptomes with those of a collection of over 3100 samples derived from 12 different viral infections, inflammatory diseases, and independent control samples revealed highly specific transcriptome signatures for COVID-19. Further, stratified transcriptomes predicted patient subgroup-specific drug candidates targeting the dysregulated systemic immune response of the host. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel insights in the distinct molecular subgroups or phenotypes that are not simply explained by clinical parameters. We show that whole blood transcriptomes are extremely informative for COVID-19 since they capture granulocytes which are major drivers of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Mouktaroudi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie Oestreich
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Antonakos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Melanie Nuesch-Germano
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantina Gkizeli
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Reusch
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Baßler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Saridaki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Knoll
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tal Pecht
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodore S Kapellos
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarandia Doulou
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kröger
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Herbert
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa Holsten
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arik Horne
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioanna D Gemünd
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Shobhit Agrawal
- West German Genome Center (WGGC), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Dahm
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina van Uelft
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Drews
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Lenkeit
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Bruse
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannik Gierlich
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kraut
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heidi Theis
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simachew Mengiste
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena De Domenico
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Seep
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Raabe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael ToVinh
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Rieke
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Talevi
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section of Pneumology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Canino J, Guidetti GF, Galgano L, Vismara M, Minetti G, Torti M, Canobbio I. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 modulates integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion and reactive oxygen species generation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118799. [PMID: 32693110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are first responders in infection and inflammation. They are able to roll, adhere and transmigrate through the endothelium to reach the site of infection, where they fight pathogens through secretion of granule contents, production of reactive oxygen species, extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps, and phagocytosis. In this study we explored the role of the non-receptor focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 in neutrophil adhesion and activation. Using a specific Pyk2 pharmacological inhibitor, PF-4594755, as well as Pyk2-deficient murine neutrophils, we found that Pyk2 is activated upon integrin αMβ2-mediated neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen. This process is triggered by Src family kinases-mediated phosphorylation and supported by Pyk2 autophosphorylation on Y402. In neutrophil adherent to fibrinogen, Pyk2 activates PI3K-dependent pathways promoting the phosphorylation of Akt and of its downstream effector GSK3. Pyk2 also dynamically regulates MAP kinases in fibrinogen-adherent neutrophils, as it stimulates p38MAPK but negatively regulates ERK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 significantly prevented adhesion of human neutrophils to fibrinogen, and neutrophils from Pyk2-knockout mice showed a reduced ability to adhere compared to wildtype cells. Accordingly, neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen was reduced upon inhibition of p38MAPK but potentiated by ERK1/2 inhibition. Neutrophil adherent to fibrinogen, but not to polylysine, were able to produce ROS upon lipopolysaccharide challenge and ROS production was completely suppressed upon inhibition of Pyk2. By contrast PMA-induced ROS production by neutrophil adherent to either fibrinogen or polylysine was independent from Pyk2. Altogether these results demonstrate that Pyk2 is an important effector in the coordinated puzzle regulating neutrophil adhesion and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Galgano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy.
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9
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Childress ES, Alexopoulos SJ, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Small Molecule Mitochondrial Uncouplers and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2017; 61:4641-4655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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10
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Carrim N, Walsh TG, Consonni A, Torti M, Berndt MC, Metharom P. Role of focal adhesion tyrosine kinases in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and reactive oxygen species formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113679. [PMID: 25415317 PMCID: PMC4240642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown the presence of a TRAF4/p47phox/Hic5/Pyk2 complex associated with the platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, consistent with a potential role of this complex in GPVI-dependent ROS formation. In other cell systems, NOX-dependent ROS formation is facilitated by Pyk2, which along with its closely related homologue FAK are known to be activated and phosphorylated downstream of ligand binding to GPVI. Aims To evaluate the relative roles of Pyk2 and FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and to determine their location within the GPVI signaling pathway. Methods and Results Human and mouse washed platelets (from WT or Pyk2 KO mice) were pre-treated with pharmacological inhibitors targeting FAK or Pyk2 (PF-228 and Tyrphostin A9, respectively) and stimulated with the GPVI-specific agonist, CRP. FAK, but not Pyk2, was found to be essential for GPVI-dependent ROS production and aggregation. Subsequent human platelet studies with PF-228 confirmed FAK is essential for GPVI-mediated phosphatidylserine exposure, α-granule secretion (P-selectin (CD62P) surface expression) and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. To determine the precise location of FAK within the GPVI pathway, we analyzed the effect of PF-228 inhibition in CRP-stimulated platelets in conjunction with immunoprecipitation and pulldown analysis to show that FAK is downstream of Lyn, Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), PI3-K and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and upstream of Rac1, PLCγ2, Ca2+ release, PKC, Hic-5, NOX1 and αIIbβ3 activation. Conclusion Overall, these data suggest a novel role for FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and platelet activation and elucidate a proximal signaling role for FAK within the GPVI pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naadiya Carrim
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tony G. Walsh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael C. Berndt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Hayashi Y, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Tanikawa T, Oka S, Tsuchiya K, Zama K, Mitsutake S, Sugiura T, Yamashita A. Sphingomyelin synthase 2, but not sphingomyelin synthase 1, is involved in HIV-1 envelope-mediated membrane fusion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30842-30856. [PMID: 25231990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion between the viral envelope and plasma membranes of target cells has previously been correlated with HIV-1 infection. Lipids in the plasma membrane, including sphingomyelin, may be crucially involved in HIV-1 infection; however, the role of lipid-metabolic enzymes in membrane fusion remains unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) in HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion using a cell-cell fusion assay with HIV-1 mimetics and their target cells. We employed reconstituted cells as target cells that stably express Sms1 or Sms2 in Sms-deficient cells. Fusion susceptibility was ∼5-fold higher in Sms2-expressing cells (not in Sms1-expressing cells) than in Sms-deficient cells. The enhancement of fusion susceptibility observed in Sms2-expressing cells was reversed and reduced by Sms2 knockdown. We also found that catalytically nonactive Sms2 promoted membrane fusion susceptibility. Moreover, SMS2 co-localized and was constitutively associated with the HIV receptor·co-receptor complex in the plasma membrane. In addition, HIV-1 Env treatment resulted in a transient increase in nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) phosphorylation in Sms2-expressing and catalytically nonactive Sms2-expressing cells. We observed that F-actin polymerization in the region of membrane fusion was more prominent in Sms2-expressing cells than Sms-deficient cells. Taken together, our research provides insight into a novel function of SMS2 which is the regulation of HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion via actin rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Saori Oka
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Kiyoto Tsuchiya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655
| | - Kouta Zama
- Departments of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, and
| | - Susumu Mitsutake
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605,.
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12
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Nakatsu D, Kano F, Taguchi Y, Sugawara T, Nishizono T, Nishikawa K, Oda Y, Furuse M, Murata M. JNK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of angulin-1/LSR is required for the exclusive localization of angulin-1/LSR and tricellulin at tricellular contacts in EpH4 epithelial sheet. Genes Cells 2014; 19:565-81. [PMID: 24889144 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) are specialized structural variants of tight junctions within tricellular contacts of an epithelial sheet and comprise several transmembrane proteins including lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (angulin-1/LSR) and tricellulin. To elucidate the mechanism of its formation, we carried out stepwise screening of kinase inhibitors followed by RNAi screening to identify kinases that regulate intracellular localization of angulin-1/LSR to the tTJs using a fluorescence image-based screen. We found that the activity of JNK1 and JNK2, but not JNK3, was required for the exclusive localization of angulin-1/LSR at the tTJs. Based on a bioinformatics approach, we estimated the potential phosphorylation site of angulin-1/LSR by JNK1 to be serine 288 and experimentally confirmed that JNK1 directly phosphorylates angulin-1/LSR at this site. We found that JNK2 was also involved in the phosphorylation of angulin-1/LSR. Furthermore, GFP-tagged angulin-1/LSR(S288A), in which serine 288 was substituted by alanine, was observed to be dispersed to bicellular junctions, indicating that phosphorylation of Ser288 is crucial for the exclusive localization of angulin-1/LSR and tricellulin at tTJs. Our fluorescence image-based screening for kinases inhibitor or siRNAs combined with the phosphorylation site prediction could become a versatile and useful tool to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of tTJs regulated by kinase networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nakatsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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13
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Bose N, Wurst LR, Chan ASH, Dudney CM, LeRoux ML, Danielson ME, Will PM, Nodland SE, Patchen ML, Dalle Lucca JJ, Lebeda FJ, Vasilakos JP. Differential regulation of oxidative burst by distinct β-glucan-binding receptors and signaling pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Glycobiology 2014; 24:379-91. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Schachtner H, Calaminus SDJ, Thomas SG, Machesky LM. Podosomes in adhesion, migration, mechanosensing and matrix remodeling. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:572-89. [PMID: 23804547 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells use various actin-based motile structures to allow them to move across and through matrix of varying density and composition. Podosomes are actin cytoskeletal structures that form in motile cells and that mediate adhesion to substrate, migration, and other specialized functions such as transmigration through cell and matrix barriers. The podosome is a unique and interesting entity, which appears in the light microscope as an individual punctum, but is linked to other podosomes like a node on a network of the underlying cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss the signals that control podosome assembly and dynamics in different cell types and the actin organising proteins that regulate both the inner actin core and integrin-rich surrounding ring structures. We review the structure and composition of podosomes and also their functions in various cell types of both myeloid and endothelial lineage. We also discuss the emerging idea that podosomes can sense matrix stiffness and enable cells to respond to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schachtner
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research and College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Campus, Switchback Rd., Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Välimäki E, Miettinen JJ, Lietzén N, Matikainen S, Nyman TA. Monosodium urate activates Src/Pyk2/PI3 kinase and cathepsin dependent unconventional protein secretion from human primary macrophages. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:749-63. [PMID: 23292187 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) is an endogenous danger signal that is crystallized from uric acid released from injured cells. MSU is known to activate inflammatory response in macrophages but the molecular mechanisms involved have remained uncharacterized. Activated macrophages start to secrete proteins to activate immune response and to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and/or tissue damage. Secretome characterization after activation of innate immune system is essential to unravel the details of early phases of defense responses. Here, we have analyzed the secretome of human primary macrophages stimulated with MSU using quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis based proteomics as well as high-throughput qualitative GeLC-MS/MS approach combining protein separation by SDS-PAGE and protein identification by liquid chromatography-MS/MS. Both methods showed that MSU stimulation induced robust protein secretion from lipopolysaccharide-primed human macrophages. Bioinformatic analysis of the secretome data showed that MSU stimulation strongly activates unconventional, vesicle mediated protein secretion. The unconventionally secreted proteins included pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18, interferon-induced proteins, and danger signal proteins. Also active forms of lysosomal proteases cathepsins were secreted on MSU stimulation, and cathepsin activity was essential for MSU-induced unconventional protein secretion. Additionally, proteins associated to phosphorylation events including Src family tyrosine kinases were increased in the secretome of MSU-stimulated cells. Our functional studies demonstrated that Src, Pyk2, and PI3 kinases act upstream of cathepsins to activate the overall protein secretion from macrophages. In conclusion, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of protein secretion pathways activated by MSU in human macrophages, and reveal a novel role for cathepsins and Src, Pyk2, PI3 kinases in the activation of unconventional protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Välimäki
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Sharma D, Kinsey WH. PYK2: a calcium-sensitive protein tyrosine kinase activated in response to fertilization of the zebrafish oocyte. Dev Biol 2012; 373:130-40. [PMID: 23084926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization begins with binding and fusion of a sperm with the oocyte, a process that triggers a high amplitude calcium transient which propagates through the oocyte and stimulates a series of preprogrammed signal transduction events critical for zygote development. Identification of the pathways downstream of this calcium transient remains an important step in understanding the basis of zygote quality. The present study demonstrates that the calcium-calmodulin sensitive protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 is a target of the fertilization-induced calcium transient in the zebrafish oocyte and that it plays an important role in actin-mediated events critical for sperm incorporation. At fertilization, PYK2 was activated initially at the site of sperm-oocyte interaction and was closely associated with actin filaments forming the fertilization cone. Later PYK2 activation was evident throughout the entire oocyte cortex, however activation was most intense over the animal hemisphere. Fertilization-induced PYK2 activation could be blocked by suppressing calcium transients in the ooplasm via injection of BAPTA as a calcium chelator. PYK2 activation could be artificially induced in unfertilized oocytes by injection of IP3 at concentrations sufficient to induce calcium release. Functionally, suppression of PYK2 activity by chemical inhibition or by injection of a dominant-negative construct encoding the N-terminal ERM domain of PKY2 inhibited formation of an organized fertilization cone and reduced the frequency of successful sperm incorporation. Together, the above findings support a model in which PYK2 responds to the fertilization-induced calcium transient by promoting reorganization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton to form the fertilization cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Sharma
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Giachini FRC, Carneiro FS, Lima VV, Carneiro ZN, Carvalho MHC, Fortes ZB, Webb RC, Tostes RC. Pyk2 mediates increased adrenergic contractile responses in arteries from DOCA-salt mice - VASOACTIVE PEPTIDE SYMPOSIUM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:431-8. [PMID: 19884968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium-dependent proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2), a nonreceptor protein activated by tyrosine phosphorylation, links G protein-coupled receptors to vascular responses. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced vascular reactivity in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice are due to increased activation of Pyk2. METHODS AND RESULTS Aorta and small mesenteric arteries from DOCA-salt and uninephrectomized (UNI) male C57Bl/6 mice were used. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) was higher in DOCA (126+/-3) vs. UNI (100+/-4) mice. Vascular responses to phenylephrine (1nM to 100muM) were greater both in aorta and small mesenteric arteries from DOCA-salt than UNI, but treatment with Tyrphostin A-9 (0.1muM, Pyk2 inhibitor) abolished the difference among the groups. Pyk2 levels, as well as phospho-Pyk2(Tyr402), paxillin and phospho-paxillin(Tyr118) were increased in DOCA-salt aorta. Incubation of vessels with Tyrphostin A-9 restored phosphorylation of Pyk2 and paxillin. CONCLUSION Increased activation of Pyk2 contributes to increased vascular contractile-responses in DOCA-salt mice.
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Minogue AM, Barrett JP, Lynch MA. LPS-induced release of IL-6 from glia modulates production of IL-1β in a JAK2-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:126. [PMID: 22697788 PMCID: PMC3418561 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence has implicated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative conditions. Chronic activation of both astrocytes and microglia leads to excessive secretion of proinflammatory molecules such as TNF α, IL-6 and IL-1 β with potentially deleterious consequences for neuronal viability. Many signaling pathways involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor κ B (NF κ B) complex and the Janus kinases (JAKs)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-1 have been implicated in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from glia. We sought to identify signaling kinases responsible for cytokine production and to delineate the complex interactions which govern time-related responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS We examined the time-related changes in certain signaling events and the release of proinflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated co-cultures of astrocytes and microglia isolated from neonatal rats. RESULTS TNF α was detected in the supernatant approximately 1 to 2 hours after LPS treatment while IL-1 β and IL-6 were detected after 2 to 3 and 4 to 6 hours, respectively. Interestingly, activation of NF κ B signaling preceded release of all cytokines while phosphorylation of STAT1 was evident only after 2 hours, indicating that activation of JAK/STAT may be important in the up-regulation of IL-6 production. Additionally, incubation of glia with TNF α induced both phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 and the interaction of JAK2 with the TNF α receptor (TNFR1). Co-treatment of glia with LPS and recombinant IL-6 protein attenuated the LPS-induced release of both TNF α and IL-1 β while potentiating the effect of LPS on suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 expression and IL-10 release. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that TNF α may regulate IL-6 production through activation of JAK/STAT signaling and that the subsequent production of IL-6 may impact on the release of TNF α, IL-1 β and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín M Minogue
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Lloyd building, University of Dublin, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Li X, Utomo A, Cullere X, Choi MM, Milner DA, Venkatesh D, Yun SH, Mayadas TN. The β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 activates the integrin Mac-1 in neutrophils via Vav protein signaling to promote Candida albicans clearance. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 10:603-15. [PMID: 22177564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to fungal infections is attributed to engagement of host pattern-recognition receptors, notably the β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 and the integrin Mac-1, which induce phagocytosis and antifungal immunity. However, the mechanisms by which these receptors coordinate fungal clearance are unknown. We show that upon ligand binding, Dectin-1 activates Mac-1 to also recognize fungal components, and this stepwise process is critical for neutrophil cytotoxic responses. Both Mac-1 activation and Dectin-1- and Mac-1-induced neutrophil effector functions require Vav1 and Vav3, exchange factors for RhoGTPases. Mac-1- or Vav1,3-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to systemic candidiasis that is not due to impaired neutrophil recruitment but defective intracellular killing of C. albicans yeast forms, and Mac-1 or Vav1,3 reconstitution in hematopoietic cells restores resistance. Our results demonstrate that antifungal immunity depends on Dectin-1-induced activation of Mac-1 functions that is coordinated by Vav proteins, a pathway that may localize cytotoxic responses of circulating neutrophils to infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Draskovic-Pavlovic B, Vucevic D, Bozic B, Majstorovic I, Colic M. Functional properties of granulocytes after thermal injury. Immunol Res 2012; 52:133-8. [PMID: 22388640 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermal injury, as well as other forms of severe trauma, induces simultaneous hyper- and anti-inflammatory response. While data about decreased number and responsiveness of T lymphocytes are largely consistent, reports concerning granulocytes following trauma are contradictory. Contrary to the evidence on the increased accumulation of granulocytes in the lungs or liver, the results from our laboratory demonstrated reduced granulocyte influx in the wound that heals in conditions of thermal injury. We also demonstrated evidence that indicates impaired signal transduction in granulocytes following thermal injury, as well as their divergent response regarding the adhesiveness, oxidative burst and nitric oxide production at the wound site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Draskovic-Pavlovic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, 11002 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sundd P, Gutierrez E, Petrich BG, Ginsberg MH, Groisman A, Ley K. Live cell imaging of paxillin in rolling neutrophils by dual-color quantitative dynamic footprinting. Microcirculation 2011; 18:361-72. [PMID: 21418380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation involves P-selectin-dependent rolling. qDF is a useful tool to visualize the topography of the neutrophil footprint as it interacts with the substrate. However, elucidating the role of specific proteins in addition to topography requires simultaneous visualization of two fluorochromes. METHODS To validate DqDF, mouse neutrophils were labeled with the membrane dyes DiO and DiI and perfused into microchannels coated with P-selectin-Fc. Footprints of rolling neutrophils were recorded as two separate images, one for each fluorochrome. To assess the localization of the cytoskeletal protein paxillin, we applied DqDF to DiO-stained neutrophils of mice expressing an mCherry-paxillin fusion protein. RESULTS The footprint topographies obtained from DiO and DiI in the plasma membrane were identical. The z-coordinates of the microvilli tips obtained with the two fluorochromes in the footprint were also identical. Paxillin was found to be localized to some, but not all ridges in the neutrophil footprint. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the spectral properties of the fluorochrome do not affect the results. DqDF will be useful for simultaneous visualization of two fluorochromes in the footprint of rolling cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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Wong NK, Lai JC, Maeshima N, Johnson P. CD44-mediated elongated T cell spreading requires Pyk2 activation by Src family kinases, extracellular calcium, phospholipase C and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Cell Signal 2011; 23:812-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kamen LA, Schlessinger J, Lowell CA. Pyk2 is required for neutrophil degranulation and host defense responses to bacterial infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:1656-65. [PMID: 21187437 PMCID: PMC3248398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate regulation of neutrophil activation is critical for maintaining host defense and limiting inflammation. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) express a number of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that regulate signaling pathways leading to activation. One of the most highly expressed, but least studied, kinases in PMNs is proline rich kinase 2 (Pyk2). By analogy to the related focal adhesion kinase, Pyk2 has been implicated in regulating PMN adhesion and migration; however, its physiologic function has yet to be described. Using pyk2(-/-) mice, we found that this kinase was required for integrin-mediated degranulation responses, but was not involved in adhesion-induced cell spreading or activation of superoxide production. Pyk2-deficient PMNs also manifested reduced migration on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. The absence of Pyk2 resulted in a severe reduction in paxillin and Vav phosphorylation following integrin ligation, which likely accounts for the poor degranulation and cell migration. Pyk2(-/-) mice were unable to efficiently clear infection with Staphylococcus aureus in a skin abscess model, owing in part to the poor release of granule contents at the site of infection. However, Pyk2-deficient PMNs responded normally to soluble agonists, demonstrating that this kinase functions mainly in the integrin pathway. These data demonstrate the unrealized physiologic role of this kinase in regulating the adhesion-mediated release of PMN granule contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A. Kamen
- Program in Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Program in Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Shen X, Xi G, Radhakrishnan Y, Clemmons DR. Recruitment of Pyk2 to SHPS-1 signaling complex is required for IGF-I-dependent mitogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3893-903. [PMID: 20521079 PMCID: PMC11115943 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vascular smooth muscle cells, IGF-I stimulates SHPS-1/SHP2/Src complex formation which is required for IGF-I-stimulated cell proliferation. Using SHP2/Src silencing and a Pyk2/Y402F mutant, we showed that Pyk2 was also recruited to the SHPS-1 complex. Pyk2 recruitment to SHPS-1 is mediated via the interaction of Pyk2 Tyr402 and the Src in response to IGF-I. Following Src/Pyk2 association, Src phosphorylates Pyk2 on Tyr881 providing a binding site for Grb2. Cells expressing Pyk2/Y881F showed decreased Grb2 recruitment to SHPS-1 and impaired Shc/Grb2 association. This change led to reduced Erk1/2 (MAP kinase) activation and cell proliferation in response to IGF-I. Our results show that, following its recruitment to the SHPS-1 signaling complex, Pyk2 localizes Grb2 in close proximity to Shc thereby facilitating Shc/Grb2 association which leads to Erk1/2 activation in response to IGF-I. Thus, Pyk2 recruitment to SHPS-1 plays an important role in regulating the IGF-I-stimulated mitogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Shen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Gang Xi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Yashwanth Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - David R. Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7170, 8024 Burnett-Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7170 USA
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Wang L, Learoyd J, Duan Y, Leff AR, Zhu X. Hematopoietic Pyk2 regulates migration of differentiated HL-60 cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:26. [PMID: 20507587 PMCID: PMC2892486 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Pyk2 is a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that belongs to the focal adhesion kinase family and has been implicated in neutrophil spreading and respiratory burst activity caused by TNF-α. However, the role of Pyk2 in neutrophil migration is incompletely defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Pyk2 regulates the migration of neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells subsequent to β2-integrin mediated cell adhesion. Methods HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into neutrophil-like cells (dHL60) by incubation in medium containing 1.25% DMSO for up to 4 days. Pyk2 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation was measured by Western blot analysis. Adhesion of dHL60 cells to plated fibrinogen was measured by residual myeloperoxidase activity. dHL60 cell migration was evaluated using a 96-well chemoTx chamber. Results Western blot analysis demonstrated that hematopoietic Pyk2 was predominantly expressed after HL60 cell differentiation. Pyk2 was tyrosine phosphorylated upon adhesion of dHL60 cells to plated fibrinogen in the presence of fMLP. By contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 was insignificant in dHL60 cells treated in suspension with fMLP. Antibodies against CD18 blocked both phosphorylation of Pyk2 and adhesion of dHL60 cells to fibrinogen, demonstrating that phosphorylation of Pyk2 was β2-integrin dependent. TAT-Pyk2-CT, a dominant negative fusion protein in which the TAT protein transduction domain was fused to the c-terminal Pyk2, attenuated fMLP-stimulated spreading, migration and phosphorylation of endogenous Pyk2 without blocking adhesion of dHL-60 cells to fibrinogen. Similarly, silencing of Pyk2 expression by siRNA in dHL60 cells also attenuated dHL60 cell migration caused by fMLP. Phospho-Pyk2 was evenly distributed around cell membrane circumferentially in unstimulated dHL-60 cells adherent to plated fibrinogen. In dHL60 cells treated with fMLP to cause cell spreading and polarization, Pyk2 was concentrated at the leading edge of pseudopods or at the trailing edge of uropods during migration of neutrophilic dHL-60 cells. Conclusions We conclude that Pyk2 is activated by β2-integrin adhesion. The activated concentration of Pyk2 and colocalization with F-actin in pseudopodia suggests that Pyk2 may regulate cell spreading and migration in dHL60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Nicodemo AA, Pampillo M, Ferreira LT, Dale LB, Cregan T, Ribeiro FM, Ferguson SSG. Pyk2 uncouples metabotropic glutamate receptor G protein signaling but facilitates ERK1/2 activation. Mol Brain 2010; 3:4. [PMID: 20180987 PMCID: PMC2829546 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are coupled via Galphaq/11 to the activation of phospholipase Cbeta, which hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to form inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. This results in the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and the activation of protein kinase C. The activation of Group I mGluRs also results in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We show here, that the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) interacts with both mGluR1 and mGluR5 and is precipitated with both receptors from rat brain. Pyk2 also interacts with GST-fusion proteins corresponding to the second intracellular loop and the distal carboxyl-terminal tail domains of mGluR1a. Pyk2 colocalizes with mGluR1a at the plasma membrane in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and with endogenous mGluR5 in cortical neurons. Pyk2 overexpression in HEK293 results in attenuated basal and agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate formation in mGluR1 expressing cells and involves a mechanism whereby Pyk2 displaces Galphaq/11 from the receptor. The activation of endogenous mGluR1 in primary mouse cortical neuron stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Treatments that prevent Pyk2 phosphorylation in cortical neurons, and the overexpression of Pyk2 dominant-negative and catalytically inactive Pyk2 mutants in HEK293 cells, prevent ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The Pyk2 mediated activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation is also Src-, calmodulin- and protein kinase C-dependent. Our data reveal that Pyk2 couples the activation mGluRs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway even though it attenuates mGluR1-dependent G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Nicodemo
- J Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada
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Wiemer AJ, Lokuta MA, Surfus JC, Wernimont SA, Huttenlocher A. Calpain inhibition impairs TNF-alpha-mediated neutrophil adhesion, arrest and oxidative burst. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:894-902. [PMID: 19889458 PMCID: PMC2814964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), are increased in many chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, and contribute to recruitment of neutrophils into areas of inflammation. TNF-alpha induces a stop signal that promotes neutrophil firm adhesion and inhibits neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis. Calpain is a calcium-dependent protease that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization during cell migration. Here, we show that calpain inhibition impairs TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil firm adhesion to fibrinogen-coated surfaces and the formation of vinculin-containing focal complexes. Calpain inhibition induces random migration in TNF-alpha-stimulated cells and prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species, but does not alter TNF-alpha-mediated activation of p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK. These findings suggest that the TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil arrest requires the activity of calpain independent of p38 MAPK and ERK signaling seen after TNF-alpha stimulation. Together, our data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of calpain may be beneficial for limiting TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Jill C. Surfus
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah A. Wernimont
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Sommer G, Kralisch S, Lipfert J, Weise S, Krause K, Jessnitzer B, Lössner U, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M. Amyloid precursor protein expression is induced by tumor necrosis factor α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:1418-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kilpatrick LE, Sun S, Li H, Vary TC, Korchak HM. Regulation of TNF-induced oxygen radical production in human neutrophils: role of delta-PKC. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:153-64. [PMID: 19801500 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0408230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In human neutrophils, TNF-elicited O(2)(-) production requires adherence and integrin activation. How this cooperative signaling between TNFRs and integrins regulates O(2)(-) generation has yet to be fully elucidated. Previously, we identified delta-PKC as a critical early regulator of TNF signaling in adherent neutrophils. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of delta-PKC with a dominant-negative delta-PKC TAT peptide resulted in a significant delay in the onset time of TNF-elicited O(2)(-) generation but had no effect on Vmax, indicating an involvement of delta-PKC in the initiation of O(2)(-) production. In contrast, fMLP-elicited O(2)(-) production in adherent and nonadherent neutrophils was delta-PKC-independent, suggesting differential regulation of O(2)(-) production. An important step in activation of the NADPH oxidase is phosphorylation of the cytosolic p47phox component. In adherent neutrophils, TNF triggered a time-dependent association of delta-PKC with p47phox, which was associated with p47phox phosphorylation, indicating a role for delta-PKC in regulating O(2)(-) production at the level of p47phox. Activation of ERK and p38 MAPK is also required for TNF-elicited O(2)(-) generation. TNF-mediated ERK but not p38 MAPK recruitment to p47phox was delta-PKC-dependent. delta-PKC activity is controlled through serine/threonine phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of delta-PKC (Ser643) and delta-PKC (Thr505) was increased significantly by TNF in adherent cells via a PI3K-dependent process. Thus, signaling for TNF-elicited O(2)(-) generation is regulated by delta-PKC. Adherence-dependent cooperative signaling activates PI3K signaling, delta-PKC phosphorylation, and delta-PKC recruitment to p47phox. delta-PKC activates p47phox by serine phosphorylation or indirectly through control of ERK recruitment to p47phox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Department of Physiology and Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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HIV-1 gp120-induced migration of dendritic cells is regulated by a novel kinase cascade involving Pyk2, p38 MAP kinase, and LSP1. Blood 2009; 114:3588-600. [PMID: 19700666 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-206342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting dendritic cell (DC) functions such as migration is a pivotal mechanism used by HIV-1 to disseminate within the host. The HIV-1 envelope protein is the most important of the virally encoded proteins that exploits the migratory capacity of DCs. In the present study, we elucidated the signaling machinery involved in migration of immature DCs (iDCs) in response to HIV-1 envelope protein. We observed that M-tropic HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) induces phosphorylation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Pyk2. Inhibition of Pyk2 activity using a pharmacologic inhibitor, kinase-inactive Pyk2 mutant, and Pyk2-specific small interfering RNA blocked gp120-induced chemotaxis, confirming the role of Pyk2 in iDC migration. In addition, we also illustrated the importance of Pyk2 in iDC migration induced by virion-associated envelope protein, using aldithriol-2-inactivated M-tropic HIV-1 virus. Further analysis of the downstream signaling mechanisms involved in gp120-induced migration revealed that Pyk2 activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which in turn activates the F-actin-binding protein, leukocyte-specific protein 1, and enhances its association with actin. Taken together, our studies provide an insight into a novel gp120-mediated pathway that regulates DC chemotaxis and contributes to the dissemination of HIV-1 within an infected person.
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Cheung R, Malik M, Ravyn V, Tomkowicz B, Ptasznik A, Collman RG. An arrestin-dependent multi-kinase signaling complex mediates MIP-1beta/CCL4 signaling and chemotaxis of primary human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:833-45. [PMID: 19620252 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0908551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MIP-1beta/CCL4 is a principal regulator of macrophage migration and signals through CCR5. Several protein kinases are linked to CCR5 in macrophages including the src kinase Lyn, PI3K, focal adhesion related kinase Pyk2, and members of the MAPK family, but whether and how these kinases regulate macrophage chemotaxis are not known. To define the role of these signaling molecules, we examined the functions and interactions of endogenous proteins in primary human macrophages. Using siRNA gene silencing and pharmacologic inhibition, we show that chemotaxis in response to CCR5 stimulation by MIP-1beta requires activation of Pyk2, PI3K p85, and Lyn, as well as MAPK ERK. MIP-1beta activation of CCR5 triggered translocation of Pyk2 and PI3K p85 from the cytoplasm to colocalize with Lyn at the plasma membrane with formation of a multimolecular complex. We show further that arrestins were recruited into the complex, and arrestin down-regulation impaired complex formation and macrophage chemotaxis toward MIP-1beta. Together, these results identify a novel mechanism of chemokine receptor regulation of chemotaxis and suggest that arrestins may serve as scaffolding proteins linking CCR5 to multiple downstream signaling molecules in a biologically important primary human cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Cheung
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6061, USA
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Ying WZ, Aaron K, Sanders PW. Dietary salt activates an endothelial proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/c-Src/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex to promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Hypertension 2008; 52:1134-41. [PMID: 18981321 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many laboratories have shown that dietary NaCl (salt) intake increases NO production in rodents and humans, the mechanism has not been uncovered. In the present study, pharmacological and dominant-negative strategies were used to show that feeding a formulated diet containing increased amounts of salt to young male Sprague-Dawley rats induced the formation of an endothelial cell-signaling complex that contained proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, c-Src (also known as pp60(c-src)), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the setting of a high-salt diet, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 served as the scaffold for c-Src-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase was the upstream activator of protein kinase B (Akt), which was responsible for phosphorylation of the rat endothelial isoform of NO synthase at S1176 and thereby promoted the increase in NO production. The combined findings illustrated the crucial role for a proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-signaling complex in the endothelial response to salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
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LPS-induced MCP-1 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by the tyrosine kinase, Pyk2 via the p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:962-8. [PMID: 18954908 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) has potent pro-inflammatory properties and acts on many cell types including endothelial cells. Secretion of the CC chemokine, MCP-1 (CCL2) by LPS-activated endothelial cells contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the mechanism involved in LPS-induced MCP-1 production in endothelial cells is not well understood. Using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC), we analyzed the involvement of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, in LPS-mediated MCP-1 production. There was a marked activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, in response to LPS. Inhibition of Pyk2 activity using a pharmacological inhibitor, Tyrphostin A9 significantly attenuated LPS-induced Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation, p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) activation, NF-kappaB activation, and MCP-1 expression. Furthermore, specific inactivation of Pyk2 activity by transducing microvascular endothelial cells with catalytically inactive Pyk2 mutant (AAV-Pyk2MT) or Pyk2-specific siRNA significantly blocked LPS-induced MCP-1 production. The supernatants of these LPS-stimulated cells with attenuated Pyk2 activity demonstrated decreased trans-endothelial monocyte migration in comparison to LPS-treated controls, thus confirming the inhibition of functional MCP-1 production. In summary, our data suggest a critical role for the Pyk2 mediated pathway involving p38 MAP kinase and NF-kappaB in LPS-induced MCP-1 production in human microvascular endothelial cells.
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Pincheira R, Castro AF, Ozes ON, Idumalla PS, Donner DB. Type 1 TNF Receptor Forms a Complex with and Uses Jak2 and c-Src to Selectively Engage Signaling Pathways That Regulate Transcription Factor Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1288-98. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Anand AR, Cucchiarini M, Terwilliger EF, Ganju RK. The tyrosine kinase Pyk2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 expression in human endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5636-44. [PMID: 18390748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by LPS activated endothelial cells contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the mechanism involved in this process is not well understood. In the present study, we determined the role of a nonreceptor proline-rich tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, in LPS-induced IL-8 (CXCL8) production in endothelial cells. First, we observed a marked activation of Pyk2 in response to LPS. Furthermore, inhibition of Pyk2 activity in these cells by transduction with the catalytically inactive Pyk2 mutant, transfection with Pyk2-specific small interfering RNA, or treatment with Tyrphostin A9 significantly blocked LPS-induced IL-8 production. The supernatants of LPS-stimulated cells exhibiting attenuated Pyk2 activity blocked transendothelial neutrophil migration in comparison to the supernatants of LPS-treated controls, thus confirming the inhibition of functional IL-8 production. Investigations into the molecular mechanism of this pathway revealed that LPS activates Pyk2 leading to IL-8 production through the TLR4. In addition, we identified the p38 MAPK pathway to be a critical step downstream of Pyk2 during LPS-induced IL-8 production. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel role for Pyk2 in LPS-induced IL-8 production in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appakkudal R Anand
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Ying WZ, Aaron K, Sanders PW. Mechanism of dietary salt-mediated increase in intravascular production of TGF-beta1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F406-14. [PMID: 18562633 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90294.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated an important effect of arterial pathobiology on the progressive loss of renal function that occurs in chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease, in turn, promotes alterations in vascular function. A modulating role for dietary salt has been suggested, with the amount of salt intake regulating endothelial cell production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a fibrogenic growth factor that promotes arteriosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. The purpose of the present studies was to determine how the interaction between dietary salt intake and vasculature promoted the production of TGF-beta1 in rats. Two different vascular tissues, aortic rings and glomeruli, were chosen for study. Dietary salt induced, in a dose-dependent fashion, activation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (Pyk2) and further identified c-Src as an important binding partner of Pyk2 in these tissues. Use of pharmacological inhibitors and dominant negative strategies confirmed that dietary salt induced complex formation of Pyk2 and c-Src with downstream activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases and generation of TGF-beta1. The experiments defined the molecular signaling events that promoted the production of TGF-beta1, a key growth factor involved in the vascular response to increased salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Nakamoto T, Seo S, Sakai R, Kato T, Kutsuna H, Kurokawa M, Noda M, Miyasaka N, Kitagawa S. Expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of Crk-associated substrate lymphocyte type (Cas-L) protein in human neutrophils. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:121-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhu X, Boetticher E, Wang L, Duan Y, Learoyd J, Leff AR. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 regulates spreading and migration of eosinophils after beta2-integrin adhesion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:263-9. [PMID: 18367725 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0047oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk) 2 in the spreading and migration of human blood eosinophils after beta(2)-integrin ligation. Western blot analysis showed that Pyk2 was activated by phosphorylation at Y402 after eosinophil adhesion to BSA-coated plates after activation with IL-5, platelet-activating factor (PAF), formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP), or Mn(2)(+). To determine the role of Pyk2 in regulating eosinophil migration, we used a transducable dominant-negative inhibitor of Pyk2, TAT-mediated protein transduction of dominant-negative C-terminal Pyk2 (TAT-Pyk2-CT), a fusion protein in which TAT peptide was fused to the C-terminal Pyk2. TAT-Pyk2-CT blocked tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 caused by beta(2)-integrin adhesion, but did not block adhesion of eosinophils to plated BSA. TAT-Pyk2-CT also blocked subsequent spreading and migration of eosinophils caused by IL-5, PAF, or fMLP. Spreading eosinophils stained with FITC-conjugated phalloidin showed elongation and formation of multiple fillopodia and lamellipodia, whereas nonspreading eosinophils were smaller and round. Treatment of eosinophils with TAT-Pyk2-CT had no effect on the initial cell polarization, but blocked the formation of fillopodia and lamellipodia in adherent cells. Migration of eosinophils through Transwell plates caused by IL-5, PAF, or fMLP was blocked significantly after inhibition of Pyk2. These data indicate that Pyk2, although not involved in beta(2)-integrin adhesion, causes eosinophil spreading and regulates subsequent chemotactic migration after beta(2)-integrin ligation to endothelial counter ligands. We conclude that Pyk2 is activated by beta(2)-integrin adhesion and is a required signal for eosinophil spreading and subsequent chemotactic migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, MC6076, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Gao XP, Zhu X, Fu J, Liu Q, Frey RS, Malik AB. Blockade of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase in neutrophils prevents NADPH oxidase activation- and adhesion-dependent inflammation. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:6116-25. [PMID: 17197441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610248200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the regulation of activation of NADPH oxidase in PMNs and the mechanism of PMN-dependent lung inflammation and microvessel injury induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha stimulation of PMNs resulted in superoxide production that was dependent on CD11b/CD18-mediated PMN adhesion. Additionally, TNF-alpha induced the association of CD11b/CD18 with the NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 (gp91(phox)) and phosphorylation of p47(phox), indicating the CD11b/CD18 dependence of NADPH oxidase activation. Transduction of wild-type PMNs with Deltap85 protein, a dominant-negative form of the class IA PI3K regulatory subunit, p85alpha, fused to HIV-TAT (TAT-Deltap85) prevented (i) CD11b/CD18-dependent PMN adhesion, (ii) interaction of CD11b/CD18 with Nox2 and phosphorylation of p47(phox), and (iii) PMN oxidant production. Furthermore, studies in mice showed that i.v. infusion of TAT-Deltap85 significantly reduced the recruitment of PMNs in lungs and increase in lung microvascular permeability induced by TNF-alpha. We conclude that class IA PI3K serves as a nodal point regulating CD11b/CD18-integrin-dependent PMN adhesion and activation of NADPH oxidase, and leads to oxidant production at sites of PMN adhesion, and the resultant lung microvascular injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Evangelista V, Pamuklar Z, Piccoli A, Manarini S, Dell'elba G, Pecce R, Martelli N, Federico L, Rojas M, Berton G, Lowell CA, Totani L, Smyth SS. Src family kinases mediate neutrophil adhesion to adherent platelets. Blood 2006; 109:2461-9. [PMID: 17095622 PMCID: PMC1852189 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-029082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-platelet interactions at sites of vascular damage contribute to local and systemic inflammation. We sought to determine the role of "outside-in" signaling by Src-family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) in the regulation of alphaMbeta2-integrin-dependent PMN recruitment by activated platelets under (patho)physiologic conditions. Activation-dependent epitopes in beta2 integrin were exposed at the contact sites between PMNs and platelets and were abolished by SFK inhibitors. PMNs from alphaMbeta2(-/-), hck(-/-)fgr(-/-), and hck(-/-)fgr(-/-)lyn(-/-) mice had an impaired capacity to adhere with activated platelets in suspension. Phosphorylation of Pyk2 accompanied PMN adhesion to platelets and was blocked by inhibition as well as by genetic deletion of alphaMbeta2 integrin and SFKs. A Pyk2 inhibitor reduced platelet-PMN adhesion, indicating that Pyk2 may be a downstream effector of SFKs. Analysis of PMN-platelet interactions under flow revealed that SFK signaling was required for alphaMbeta2-mediated shear-resistant adhesion of PMNs to adherent platelets, but was dispensable for P-selectin-PSGL-1-mediated recruitment and rolling. Finally, SFK activity was required to support PMN accumulation along adherent platelets at the site of vascular injury, in vivo. These results definitely establish a role for SFKs in PMN recruitment by activated platelets and suggest novel targets to disrupt the pathophysiologic consequences of platelet-leukocyte interactions in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy.
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Yammani RR, Carlson CS, Bresnick AR, Loeser RF. Increase in production of matrix metalloproteinase 13 by human articular chondrocytes due to stimulation with S100A4: Role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2901-11. [PMID: 16948116 DOI: 10.1002/art.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S100 proteins have been implicated in various inflammatory conditions, including arthritis. The aims of this study were to determine whether chondrocytes produce S100A4 and whether S100A4 can stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) by articular chondrocytes via receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated signaling. METHODS The expression of chondrocyte S100A4 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using normal and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage and by immunoblotting of chondrocyte cell lysates. RAGE signaling was examined by stimulating chondrocytes with S100A4 and monitoring for the activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappaB. Production of MMP-13 was determined in the conditioned medium. A pulldown assay using biotin-labeled S100A4 was used to demonstrate binding to RAGE. RESULTS S100A4 expression was detected in human articular chondrocytes by immunoblotting and appeared to increase in the cell lysates from OA tissue. Marked positive immunostaining for S100A4 was also noted in sections of human cartilage with changes due to OA. Stimulation of chondrocytes with S100A4 increased the phosphorylation of Pyk-2, MAP kinases, and activated NF-kappaB, followed by increased production of MMP-13 in the conditioned medium. This signaling was inhibited in cells pretreated with soluble RAGE, advanced glycation end product-bovine serum albumin, or the antioxidant Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin, or by overexpression of a dominant-negative RAGE construct. A pulldown assay showed that S100A4 binds to RAGE in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that S100A4 binds to RAGE and stimulates a RAGE-mediated signaling cascade, leading to increased production of MMP-13. Since both S100A4 and RAGE are up-regulated in OA cartilage, this signaling pathway could contribute to cartilage degradation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunatha R Yammani
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Jenei V, Deevi RK, Adams CA, Axelsson L, Hirst DG, Andersson T, Dib K. Nitric oxide produced in response to engagement of beta2 integrins on human neutrophils activates the monomeric GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 and promotes adhesion. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:35008-20. [PMID: 16963453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601335200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that engagement of beta2 integrins on human neutrophils increased the levels of GTP-bound Rap1 and Rap2. Also, the activation of Rap1 was blocked by PP1, SU6656, LY294002, GF109203X, or BAPTA-AM, which indicates that the downstream signaling events in Rap1 activation involve Src tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and release of calcium. Surprisingly, the beta2 integrin-induced activation of Rap2 was not regulated by any of the signaling pathways mentioned above. However, we identified nitric oxide as the signaling molecule involved in beta2 integrin-induced activation of Rap1 and Rap2. This was illustrated by the fact that engagement of beta2 integrins increased the production of nitrite, a stable end-product of nitric oxide. Furthermore, pretreatment of neutrophils with Nomega-monomethyl-L-arginine, or 1400W, which are inhibitors of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, blocked beta2 integrin-induced activation of Rap1 and Rap2. Similarly, Rp-8pCPT-cGMPS, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent serine/threonine kinases, also blunted the beta2 integrin-induced activation of Rap GTPases. Also nitric oxide production and its downstream activation of cGMP-dependent serine/threonine kinases were essential for proper neutrophil adhesion by beta2 integrins. Thus, we made the novel findings that beta2 integrin engagement on human neutrophils triggers production of nitric oxide and its downstream signaling is essential for activation of Rap GTPases and neutrophil adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jenei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Szczur K, Xu H, Atkinson S, Zheng Y, Filippi MD. Rho GTPase CDC42 regulates directionality and random movement via distinct MAPK pathways in neutrophils. Blood 2006; 108:4205-13. [PMID: 16931627 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-013789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil transmigration into tissue is a multiple-step process that results from a coordinated rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. Assembly and disassembly of actin and adhesion structures dictate motility behavior, while polarity and gradient sensing provide directionality to the cell movement. Here, using mice deficient in the CDC42 regulator CDC42 GTPase-activating protein (CDC42GAP), we demonstrate that CDC42 activity separately regulates neutrophil motility and directionality. CDC42GAP-/- neutrophils showed increased motility, while directed migration was defective. Podosome-like structures present at the leading edge in wild-type neutrophils were significantly reduced in CDC42GAP-/- cells. CDC42GAP-/- neutrophils also showed increased lateral and tail filopodia-like formation, and excess membrane protrusions. We further suggest that CDC42GAP-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity regulates motility associated with podosome-like structures at the cell leading edge, while CDC42GAP-induced p38(MAPK) phosphorylation regulates directed migration by antagonizing filopodia assembly. Overall, this study reveals that CDC42 activity regulates both motility and directionality in neutrophils, but via distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Szczur
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 BurnetAve, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
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Totani L, Piccoli A, Manarini S, Federico L, Pecce R, Martelli N, Cerletti C, Piccardoni P, Lowell CA, Smyth SS, Berton G, Evangelista V. Src-family kinases mediate an outside-in signal necessary for beta2 integrins to achieve full activation and sustain firm adhesion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes tethered on E-selectin. Biochem J 2006; 396:89-98. [PMID: 16433632 PMCID: PMC1449987 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cell suspensions subjected to high-shear rotatory motion, human PMN (polymorphonuclear cells) adhered to E-selectin-expressing CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells (CHO-E), and formed homotypic aggregates when challenged by E-selectin-IgG fusion protein, by a mechanism that involved beta2 integrins. Both heterotypic and homotypic PMN adhesion was accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of a 110 kDa protein (P110). This event was prevented by blocking anti-(beta2 integrin) antibodies and by inhibitors of Src-family kinases, suggesting that it was part of an 'outside-in' signalling that was initiated by integrin engagement. Interestingly, Src-family kinase inhibitors prevented beta2-integrin-mediated (i) homotypic PMN adhesion triggered by E-selectin-IgG, (ii) heterotypic CHO-E/PMN adhesion in mixed-cell suspensions, and (iii) firm adhesion of PMN to CHO-E monolayers under physiological flow. Similarly to PMN treated with Src-family kinase inhibitors, PMN from hck-/-fgr-/- and hck-/-fgr-/-lyn-/- mice showed significant impairment of beta2-integrin-mediated adhesion to CHO-E. Moreover, the expression of beta2 integrin activation epitopes at the sites of cell-cell contact in CHO-E/PMN conjugates was abolished by Src-family kinase inhibitors. One component of P110 was identified as the FAK (focal adhesion kinase) Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), which was phosphorylated in a beta2 integrin- and Src-family-kinase-dependent manner. Thus, Src-family kinases, and perhaps Pyk2, mediate a signal necessary for beta2 integrin function in PMN tethered by E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy.
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Solomkin JS, Robinson CT, Cave CM, Umanskiy K, Matlin K, Williams MA, Lentsch AB. FORMATION OF FOCAL ADHESION-LIKE STRUCTURES IN CIRCULATING HUMAN NEUTROPHILS AFTER SEVERE INJURY. Shock 2006; 25:440-5. [PMID: 16680007 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000209559.77198.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in injury to the lung, kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, often seen after major trauma. We evaluated the role of integrin-linked focal adhesions in the primed state, previously identified in peripheral blood neutrophils from severely injured patients. Immunoblot analysis of Triton-insoluble cell fractions revealed that total paxillin content was unchanged in comparison with that found in neutrophils from healthy volunteers, but phosphorylation of paxillin on tyrosine residue 118 was increased by more than 2-fold. Immunoprecipitation with antipaxillin and immunoblotting for proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and for fgr showed significantly more colocalization. Densitometric analysis of total phosphotyrosine profiles also demonstrated significantly more in patient cells as compared with healthy cells. When allowed to adhere to fibronectin-coated plates, healthy and patient cells demonstrate a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation from that found in suspension-phase cells. Differential interference contrast microscopy of healthy neutrophils adherent to fibronectin matrices demonstrated rounded cells, without evidence of spreading; spreading was induced by addition of TNF-alpha. Patient neutrophils spread spontaneously, a response not further enhanced by TNF-alpha. Confocal imaging using anti-Pyk2 demonstrated aggregation of Pyk2 into punctate structures in patient but not in healthy cells. We conclude that neutrophils from severely injured patients are in a primed state, characterized by formation of focal adhesion-like structures. The identification of such structures in a clinical disease setting where they likely participate in unwanted consequences provides a novel area for study of regulation of neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Solomkin
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA.
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Abstract
Scientists who study neutrophils often have backgrounds in cell biology, biochemistry, haematology, rheumatology or infectious disease. Paradoxically, immunologists seem to have a harder time incorporating these host-defence cells into the framework of their discipline. The recent literature discussed here indicates that it is appropriate for immunologists to take as much interest in neutrophils as in their lymphohaematopoietic cousins with smooth nuclei. Neutrophils inform and shape immune responses, contribute to the repair of tissue as well as its breakdown, use killing mechanisms that enrich our concepts of specificity, and offer exciting opportunities for the treatment of neoplastic, autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, Box 57, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, USA.
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Iyer SS, Agrawal RS, Thompson CR, Thompson S, Barton JA, Kusner DJ. Phospholipase D1 Regulates Phagocyte Adhesion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:3686-96. [PMID: 16517737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.6.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion is a fundamental cellular response that is essential to the physiologic processes of development, differentiation, proliferation, and motility, as well as to the pathology of inflammation, transformation, and metastasis. Adhesion of phagocytic leukocytes is a critical modulator of antimicrobial and cytotoxic functions, including the respiratory burst, secretion, and apoptosis. Because phospholipase D (PLD) is linked to several signaling pathways implicated in these processes, we tested the hypothesis that PLD regulates phagocyte adhesion. Adhesion of primary human neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages to fibronectin was accompanied by marked stimulation of PLD activity. Similarly, adhesion of both human (PLB, THP-1) and murine (RAW) myeloid-macrophage cell lines to fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagen, or plastic resulted in significant activation of PLD. Stimulation of PLD activity was rapid and persisted for at least 90 min. Confocal microscopy indicated that PLD1 exhibited partial colocalization with actin filaments at the adherent interface, in proximity to the focal adhesion protein, paxillin. Reductions in PLD activity by chemical inhibitors or specific short-interfering RNA-induced knockdown of PLD1 resulted in significant inhibition of phagocyte adhesion and was accompanied by reductions in total cellular F-actin. These data support the hypotheses that adhesion stimulates PLD activity, and that PLD1 regulates the initial stages of phagocyte adhesion. Stimulation of PLD activity may promote adhesion-dependent phagocyte effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar S Iyer
- Inflammation Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2501 Crosspark Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Sayas CL, Ariaens A, Ponsioen B, Moolenaar WH. GSK-3 is activated by the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 during LPA1-mediated neurite retraction. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:1834-44. [PMID: 16452634 PMCID: PMC1415316 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-07-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that is usually inactivated by serine phosphorylation in response to extracellular cues. However, GSK-3 can also be activated by tyrosine phosphorylation, but little is known about the upstream signaling events and tyrosine kinase(s) involved. Here we describe a G protein signaling pathway leading to GSK-3 activation during lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced neurite retraction. Using neuronal cells expressing the LPA(1) receptor, we show that LPA(1) mediates tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of GSK-3 with subsequent phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau via the G(i)-linked PIP(2) hydrolysis-Ca(2+) mobilization pathway. LPA concomitantly activates the Ca(2+)-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2, which is detected in a complex with GSK-3beta. Inactivation or knockdown of Pyk2 inhibits LPA-induced (but not basal) tyrosine phosphorylation of GSK-3 and partially inhibits LPA-induced neurite retraction, similar to what is observed following GSK-3 inhibition. Thus, Pyk2 mediates LPA(1)-induced activation of GSK-3 and subsequent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins. Pyk2-mediated GSK-3 activation is initiated by PIP(2) hydrolysis and may serve to destabilize microtubules during actomyosin-driven neurite retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laura Sayas
- Division of Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chakrabarti S, Zee JM, Patel KD. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in TNF-stimulated neutrophils: novel pathways for tertiary granule release. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 79:214-22. [PMID: 16275891 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0605353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is present in the tertiary granules of neutrophils and is rapidly released following stimulation. We examined the pathways that regulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated MMP-9 release and found this to be dependent on the TNF receptor I. TNF rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, but neither of these pathways was critical for MMP-9 release. Many neutrophil responses to TNF require beta2-integrin-dependent signaling and subsequent Src family kinase activation. In contrast, we found that MMP-9 release from tertiary granules was only partially affected by blocking beta2-integrin-mediated adhesion. Similarly, blocking Src family kinases with the inhibitor PP2 only attenuated TNF-induced MMP-9 release. Blocking beta2-integrin-mediated adhesion and Src family kinases did not result in additive inhibition of MMP-9 release. In contrast, inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) with a pan-specific inhibitor blocked greater than 85% of MMP-9 release. Inhibitors against specific PKC isoforms suggested a role for PKC alpha and PKC delta in maximal MMP-9 release. These data suggest that MMP-9 release from tertiary granules uses beta2-integrin-independent signaling pathways. Furthermore, PKC isoforms play a critical role in regulating tertiary granule release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Han H, Roberts J, Lou O, Muller WA, Nathan N, Nathan C. Chemical inhibitors of TNF signal transduction in human neutrophils point to distinct steps in cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 79:147-54. [PMID: 16275893 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0605308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical screening identified three small compounds that selectively inhibited activation of the respiratory burst (RB) of human neutrophils in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and formylated peptide but not phorbol ester and spared the ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria. These compounds partially inhibited TNF-triggered cytoskeletal rearrangements without blocking adhesion or transmigation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils through TNF-activated monolayers of endothelial cells. The compounds were nontoxic to neutrophils and endothelial cells. They had no direct inhibitory effect on the tyrosine kinases Src, Syk, or Pyk2. However, their differential effects on cell spreading, bacteria-induced RB, TNF-induced degranulation, TNF-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and TNF-induced Syk activation suggested that each may act on different elements of neutrophil signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsil Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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