1
|
Pu H, Gao C, Zou Y, Zhao L, Li G, Liu C, Zhao L, Zheng M, Sheng G, Sun X, Hao X, Wang C, He X, Xiao J. Single cell transcriptome profiling of infrapatellar fat pad highlights the role of interstitial inflammatory fibroblasts in osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111888. [PMID: 38522139 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease in which the role of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in its pathogenesis is unclear. Our study explored the cellular heterogeneity of IFP to understand OA and identify therapeutic targets. METHODS Single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing were used to analyze 10 IFP samples, comprising 5 from OA patients and 5 from healthy controls. Analyses included differential gene expression, enrichment, pseudotime trajectory, and cellular communication, along with comparative studies with visceral and subcutaneous fats. Key subcluster and pathways were validated using multiplex immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The scRNA-seq performed on the IFPs of the OA and control group profiled the gene expressions of over 49,674 cells belonging to 11 major cell types. We discovered that adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs), contributing to the formation of both adipocytes and synovial-lining fibroblasts (SLF). Interstitial inflammatory fibroblasts (iiFBs) were a subcluster of ASPCs that exhibit notable pro-inflammatory and proliferative characteristics. We identified four adipocyte subtypes, with one subtype showing a reduced lipid synthesis ability. Furthermore, iiFBs modulated the activities of macrophages and T cells in the IFP. Compared to subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, iiFBs represented a distinctive subpopulation of ASPCs in IFP that regulated cartilage proliferation through the MK pathway. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of IFP, uncovering its complex cellular landscape and potential impact on OA progression. Our findings highlight the role of iiFBs in OA, especially through MK pathway, opening new avenues for understanding OA pathogenesis and developing novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Pu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenghao Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaohong Sheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ximiao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia M, Tong S, Gao L. Identification of MDK as a Hypoxia- and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Gene Biomarker of Glioblastoma Based on a Novel Risk Model and In Vitro Experiments. Biomedicines 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 38255198 PMCID: PMC10813330 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells are commonly exposed to a hypoxic environment, which can easily induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells, further affecting tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the predictive role of hypoxia and EMT-related genes in glioblastoma (GBM) has not been investigated. METHODS Intersection genes were identified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analyses, and a risk model was further constructed by LASSO and Cox analyses. Clinical, immune infiltration, tumor mutation, drug treatment, and enrichment profiles were analyzed based on the risk model. The expression level of the MDK gene was tested using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. CCK8 and EdU were employed to determine the GBM cells' capacity for proliferation while the migration and invasion ability were detected by a wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. RESULTS Based on the GBM data of the TCGA and GTEx databases, 58 intersection genes were identified, and a risk model was constructed. The model was verified in the CGGA cohort, and its accuracy was confirmed by the ROC curve (AUC = 0.807). After combining clinical subgroups, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that risk score and age were independent risk factors for GBM patients. Furthermore, our subsequent analysis of immune infiltration, tumor mutation, and drug treatment showed that risk score and high- and low-risk groups were associated with multiple immune cells, mutated genes, and drugs. Enrichment analysis indicated that the differences between high- and low-risk groups were manifested in tumor-related pathways, including the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT pathways. Finally, in vivo experiments proved that the hypoxia environment promoted the expression of MDK, and MDK knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration, and EMT of GBM cells induced by hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Our novel prognostic correlation model provided more potential treatment strategies for GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Xia
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shiao Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hohlstein P, Abu Jhaisha S, Yagmur E, Wawer D, Pollmanns MR, Adams JK, Wirtz TH, Brozat JF, Bündgens L, Hamesch K, Weiskirchen R, Tacke F, Trautwein C, Koch A. Elevated Midkine Serum Levels Are Associated with Long-Term Survival in Critically Ill Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:454. [PMID: 38203625 PMCID: PMC10779074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Midkine (Mdk) is a multifunctional protein involved in inflammatory processes. Hence, circulating Mdk is increased in sepsis and has been previously suggested as a potential biomarker in these patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Mdk serum concentrations in critical illness and sepsis and to verify its value as a prognostic biomarker. Thus, we analyzed the Mdk serum concentrations of 192 critically ill patients on admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). While the serum levels of Mdk at admission were similar in septic and nonseptic critical illness (362 vs. 337 ng/L, p = 0.727), we found several interesting correlations of Mdk to laboratory and clinical markers associated with ischemia or hypoxia, e.g., to renal failure and hepatic injury. Mdk serum concentrations at admission did not differ between various causes of sepsis or other critical illness. Most noticeable, we observed upregulated Mdk serum concentrations at admission in patients surviving in the long-term, which was only seen in nonseptic critical illness but not in sepsis. Our study suggests a relevant role of Mdk in critically ill patients in general and highlights the possible protective features of Mdk in critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hohlstein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Eray Yagmur
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Western Palatinate Hospital, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Dennis Wawer
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Maike R. Pollmanns
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jule K. Adams
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jonathan F. Brozat
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lukas Bündgens
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang H, Wu J, Cai H, Mo C, Yang J. Machine learning identified MDK score has prognostic value for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on integrated bulk and single cell expression data. Front Genet 2023; 14:1246983. [PMID: 38075691 PMCID: PMC10704369 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1246983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease that poses a significant challenge to medical professionals due to its increasing incidence and prevalence coupled with the limited understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we employed a novel approach by integrating five expression datasets from bulk tissue with single-cell datasets; they underwent pseudotime trajectory analysis, switch gene selection, and cell communication analysis. Utilizing the prognostic information derived from the GSE47460 dataset, we identified 22 differentially expressed switch genes that were correlated with clinical indicators as important genes. Among these genes, we found that the midkine (MDK) gene has the potential to serve as a marker of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis because its cellular communicating genes are differentially expressed in the epithelial cells. We then utilized midkine and its cellular communication-related genes to calculate the midkine score. Machine learning models were further constructed through midkine and related genes to predict Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease through the bulk gene expression datasets. The midkine score demonstrated a correlation with clinical indexes, and the machine learning model achieved an AUC of 0.94 and 0.86 in the Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis classification task based on lung tissue samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, respectively. Our findings offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, providing new therapeutic directions and target genes for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Zhang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqiu Wang
- Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Majaj M, Weckbach LT. Midkine—A novel player in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1003104. [PMID: 36204583 PMCID: PMC9530663 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a 13-kDa heparin-binding cytokine and growth factor with anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, that enable it to partake in a series of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the past, research revolving around MK has concentrated on its roles in reproduction and development, tissue protection and repair as well as inflammatory and malignant processes. In the recent few years, MK's implication in a wide scope of cardiovascular diseases has been rigorously investigated. Nonetheless, there is still no broadly accepted consensus on whether MK exerts generally detrimental or favorable effects in cardiovascular diseases. The truth probably resides somewhere in-between and depends on the underlying physiological or pathophysiological condition. It is therefore crucial to thoroughly examine and appraise MK's participation in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we introduce the MK gene and protein, its multiple receptors and signaling pathways along with its expression in the vascular system and its most substantial functions in cardiovascular biology. Further, we recapitulate the current evidence of MK's expression in cardiovascular diseases, addressing the various sources and modes of MK expression. Moreover, we summarize the most significant implications of MK in cardiovascular diseases with particular emphasis on MK's advantageous and injurious functions, highlighting its ample diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Also, we focus on conflicting roles of MK in a number of cardiovascular diseases and try to provide some clarity and guidance to MK's multifaceted roles. In summary, we aim to pave the way for MK-based diagnostics and therapies that could present promising tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Majaj
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Marina Majaj ;
| | - Ludwig T. Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ludwig T. Weckbach
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atkins SK, Sonawane AR, Brouwhuis R, Barrientos J, Ha A, Rogers M, Tanaka T, Okui T, Kuraoka S, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived smooth muscle cells to study cardiovascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925777. [PMID: 35958427 PMCID: PMC9357895 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is the lead predictor of cardiovascular events and the top cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, only invasive surgical options are available to treat cardiovascular calcification despite the growing understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms. Key players in vascular calcification are vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which transform into calcifying SMCs and secrete mineralizing extracellular vesicles that form microcalcifications, subsequently increasing plaque instability and consequential plaque rupture. There is an increasing, practical need for a large scale and inexhaustible source of functional SMCs. Here we describe an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived model of SMCs by differentiating iPSCs toward SMCs to study the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Specifically, we characterize the proteome during iPSC differentiation to better understand the cellular dynamics during this process. First, we differentiated human iPSCs toward an induced-SMC (iSMC) phenotype in a 10-day protocol. The success of iSMC differentiation was demonstrated through morphological analysis, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and proteomics characterization. Proteomics was performed throughout the entire differentiation time course to provide a robust, well-defined starting and ending cell population. Proteomics data verified iPSC differentiation to iSMCs, and functional enrichment of proteins on different days showed the key pathways changing during iSMC development. Proteomics comparison with primary human SMCs showed a high correlation with iSMCs. After iSMC differentiation, we initiated calcification in the iSMCs by culturing the cells in osteogenic media for 17 days. Calcification was verified using Alizarin Red S staining and proteomics data analysis. This study presents an inexhaustible source of functional vascular SMCs and calcifying vascular SMCs to create an in vitro model of vascular calcification in osteogenic conditions, with high potential for future applications in cardiovascular calcification research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abhijeet R. Sonawane
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Abhijeet R. Sonawane,
| | - Romi Brouwhuis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johana Barrientos
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Ha
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maximillian Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Takehito Okui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Elena Aikawa,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Midkine promotes glioblastoma progression via PI3K-Akt signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:509. [PMID: 34556138 PMCID: PMC8461913 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous bioinformatics-based study found that midkine (MDK) was associated with poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the mechanism of MDK in GBM remains elusive. Methods A public GBM-related dataset and GBM tissues from our center were used validate the aberrant expression of MDK in GBM at the RNA and protein levels. The relationship between MDK expression and survival of GBM patients was also explored through survival analysis. Subsequently, we identified MDK-related GBM-specific genes using differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to reveal their potential biological functions. CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, and Matrigel-transwell assays were performed in GBM cell lines in which MDK was knocked out or overexpressed in order assess the effects of MDK on proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. Western blotting was performed to detect candidate proteins. Results Our study showed MDK is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for GBM because it is highly expressed in the disease and it is associated with poor prognosis. MDK is involved in various cancer-related pathways, such as PI3K-Akt signaling, the cell cycle, and VEGF signaling. A comprehensive transcriptional regulatory network was constructed to show the potential pathways through which MDK may be involved in GBM. In vitro, Overexpression of MDK augmented proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cell lines, whereas suppression of MDK led to the opposite effects. Furthermore, our study confirmed that MDK promotes the progression of GBM by activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions Our present study proposes that MDK promotes GBM by activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and it describes a potential regulatory network involved. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02212-3.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mice Treated Subcutaneously with Mouse LPS-Converted PrP res or LPS Alone Showed Brain Gene Expression Profiles Characteristic of Prion Disease. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090200. [PMID: 34564594 PMCID: PMC8473295 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) converts mouse PrPC protein to a beta-rich isoform (moPrPres) resistant to proteinase K. In this study, we aimed to test if the LPS-converted PrPres is infectious and alters the expression of genes related to prion pathology in brains of terminally sick mice. Ninety female FVB/N mice at 5 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 6 groups treated subcutaneously (sc) for 6 weeks either with: (1) Saline (CTR); (2) LPS from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (LPS), (3) one-time sc administration of de novo generated mouse recombinant prion protein (moPrP; 29-232) rich in beta-sheet by incubation with LPS (moPrPres), (4) LPS plus one-time sc injection of moPrPres, (5) one-time sc injection of brain homogenate from Rocky Mountain Lab (RLM) scrapie strain, and (6) LPS plus one-time sc injection of RML. Results showed that all treatments altered the expression of various genes related to prion disease and neuroinflammation starting at 11 weeks post-infection and more profoundly at the terminal stage. In conclusion, sc administration of de novo generated moPrPres, LPS, and a combination of moPrPres with LPS were able to alter the expression of multiple genes typical of prion pathology and inflammation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang ZZ, Wang G, Yin SH, Yu XH. Midkine: A multifaceted driver of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:251-257. [PMID: 34331952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis constitutes the pathological basis of life-threatening events, including heart attack and stroke. Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor and forms a small protein family with pleiotrophin. Under inflammatory or hypoxic conditions, midkine expression is up-regulated. Upon binding to its receptors, midkine can activate multiple signal pathways to regulate cell survival and migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and oncogenesis. Circulating midkine levels are significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension, obesity or severe peripheral artery disease. Importantly, midkine exerts a proatherogenic effect by altering multiple pathophysiological processes involving atherogenesis, including macrophage lipid accumulation, vascular inflammation, neointima formation, insulin resistance and macrophage apoptosis. Midkine represents a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis-associated diseases. This review described the structure characteristics, expression patterns and signal transduction pathways of midkine with an emphasis on its role in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421005, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Hui Yin
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, Hainan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao L, Nie X, Cheng Y, Wang N. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Vascular Biology: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:1253-1267. [PMID: 34273091 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new antidiabetic drugs that reduce hyperglycemia by inhibiting the glucose reabsorption in renal proximal tubules. Clinical studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors not only improve glycemic control but also reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, cardiovascular and total mortality, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and improve outcome in chronic kidney disease. These cardiovascular and renal benefits have now been confirmed in both diabetes and non-diabetes patients. The precise mechanism(s) responsible for the protective effects are under intensive investigation. This review examines current evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a special emphasis on the vascular actions and their potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yanyan Cheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Melo Ferreira R, Sabo AR, Winfree S, Collins KS, Janosevic D, Gulbronson CJ, Cheng YH, Casbon L, Barwinska D, Ferkowicz MJ, Xuei X, Zhang C, Dunn KW, Kelly KJ, Sutton TA, Hato T, Dagher PC, El-Achkar TM, Eadon MT. Integration of spatial and single-cell transcriptomics localizes epithelial cell-immune cross-talk in kidney injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147703. [PMID: 34003797 PMCID: PMC8262485 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing studies have characterized the transcriptomic signature of cell types within the kidney. However, the spatial distribution of acute kidney injury (AKI) is regional and affects cells heterogeneously. We first optimized coordination of spatial transcriptomics and single-nuclear sequencing data sets, mapping 30 dominant cell types to a human nephrectomy. The predicted cell-type spots corresponded with the underlying histopathology. To study the implications of AKI on transcript expression, we then characterized the spatial transcriptomic signature of 2 murine AKI models: ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Localized regions of reduced overall expression were associated with injury pathways. Using single-cell sequencing, we deconvoluted the signature of each spatial transcriptomic spot, identifying patterns of colocalization between immune and epithelial cells. Neutrophils infiltrated the renal medulla in the ischemia model. Atf3 was identified as a chemotactic factor in S3 proximal tubules. In the CLP model, infiltrating macrophages dominated the outer cortical signature, and Mdk was identified as a corresponding chemotactic factor. The regional distribution of these immune cells was validated with multiplexed CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX) immunofluorescence. Spatial transcriptomic sequencing complemented single-cell sequencing by uncovering mechanisms driving immune cell infiltration and detection of relevant cell subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cai YQ, Lv Y, Mo ZC, Lei J, Zhu JL, Zhong QQ. Multiple pathophysiological roles of midkine in human disease. Cytokine 2020; 135:155242. [PMID: 32799009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a low molecular-weight protein that was first identified as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene involved in embryonic development. Recent studies have indicated that MK levels are related to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal disease and autoimmune disease. MK is a growth factor involved in multiple pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, the repair of damaged tissues and cancer. The pathophysiological roles of MK are diverse. MK enhances the recruitment and migration of inflammatory cells upon inflammation directly and also through induction of chemokines, and contributes to tissue damage. In lung endothelial cells, oxidative stress increased the expression of MK, which induced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and the consequent conversion from Ang I to Ang II, leading to further oxidative stress. MK inhibited cholesterol efflux from macrophages by reducing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, which is involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting that MK is an important positive factor involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, MK can regulate the expansion, differentiation and activation of T cells as well as B-cell survival; mediate angiogenic and antibacterial activity; and possess anti-apoptotic activity. In this paper, we summarize the pathophysiological roles of MK in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Cai
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiashun Lei
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jing-Ling Zhu
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qiao-Qing Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arteriogenesis of the Spinal Cord-The Network Challenge. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020501. [PMID: 32098337 PMCID: PMC7072838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a clinical complication following aortic repair that significantly impairs the quality and expectancy of life. Despite some strategies, like cerebrospinal fluid drainage, the occurrence of neurological symptoms, such as paraplegia and paraparesis, remains unpredictable. Beside the major blood supply through conduit arteries, a huge collateral network protects the central nervous system from ischemia—the paraspinous and the intraspinal compartment. The intraspinal arcades maintain perfusion pressure following a sudden inflow interruption, whereas the paraspinal system first needs to undergo arteriogenesis to ensure sufficient blood supply after an acute ischemic insult. The so-called steal phenomenon can even worsen the postoperative situation by causing the hypoperfusion of the spine when, shortly after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, muscles connected with the network divert blood and cause additional stress. Vessels are a conglomeration of different cell types involved in adapting to stress, like endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. This adaption to stress is subdivided in three phases—initiation, growth, and the maturation phase. In fields of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, pre-operative selective segmental artery occlusion may enable the development of a sufficient collateral network by stimulating collateral vessel growth, which, again, may prevent spinal cord ischemia. Among others, the major signaling pathways include the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway/the antiapoptotic kinase (AKT) pathway/the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, the Erk1, the delta-like ligand (DII), the jagged (Jag)/NOTCH pathway, and the midkine regulatory cytokine signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
14
|
Takada S, Sakakima H, Matsuyama T, Otsuka S, Nakanishi K, Norimatsu K, Itashiki Y, Tani A, Kikuchi K. Disruption of Midkine gene reduces traumatic brain injury through the modulation of neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:40. [PMID: 31996236 PMCID: PMC6990546 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Midkine (MK) is a multifunctional cytokine found upregulated in the brain in the presence of different disorders characterized by neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative disorders and ischemia. The neuroinflammatory response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a key secondary injury factor that can result in further neuronal injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous MK in secondary injury, including neuroinflammation, immune response, and neuronal apoptosis activity, after TBI. Methods Wild type (Mdk+/+) and MK gene deficient (Mdk−/−) mice were subjected to fluid percussion injury for TBI models and compared at 3, 7, and 14 days after TBI, in terms of the following: brain tissue loss, neurological deficits, microglia response, astrocytosis, expression of proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 microglia/macrophage phenotype markers, and apoptotic activity. Results As opposed to Mdk+/+ mice, Mdk−/− mice reported a significantly reduced area of brain tissue loss and an improvement in their neurological deficits. The ratios of the Iba1-immunoreactive microglia/macrophages in the perilesional site were significantly decreased in Mdk−/− than in the Mdk+/+ mice at 3 days after TBI. However, the ratios of the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive area were similar between the two groups. The M1 phenotype marker (CD16/32) immunoreactive areas were significantly reduced in Mdk−/− than in the Mdk+/+ mice. Likewise, the mRNA levels of the M1 phenotype markers (TNF-α, CD11b) were significantly decreased in Mdk−/− mice than in Mdk+/+ mice. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis identified the M2 markers, i.e., CD163+ macrophages cells and arginase-1+ microglia cells, to be significantly higher in Mdk−/− than in Mdk+/+ mice. Finally, the ratios of apoptotic neurons were significantly decreased in the area surrounding the lesion in Mdk−/− than in Mdk+/+ mice following TBI. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MK-deficiency reduced tissue infiltration of microglia/macrophages and altered their polarization status thereby reducing neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and tissue loss and improving neurological outcomes after TBI. Therefore, targeting MK to modulate neuroinflammation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for TBI management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Takada
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuki Itashiki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nihashi Y, Umezawa K, Shinji S, Hamaguchi Y, Kobayashi H, Kono T, Ono T, Kagami H, Takaya T. Distinct cell proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and gene expression in skeletal muscle myoblasts of layer and broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16527. [PMID: 31712718 PMCID: PMC6848216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblasts play a central role during skeletal muscle formation and growth. Precise understanding of myoblast properties is thus indispensable for meat production. Herein, we report the cellular characteristics and gene expression profiles of primary-cultured myoblasts of layer and broiler chickens. Broiler myoblasts actively proliferated and promptly differentiated into myotubes compared to layer myoblasts, which corresponds well with the muscle phenotype of broilers. Transcriptomes of layer and broiler myoblasts during differentiation were quantified by RNA sequencing. Ontology analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided a series of extracellular proteins as putative markers for characterization of chicken myogenic cells. Another ontology analyses demonstrated that broiler myogenic cells are rich in cell cycle factors and muscle components. Independent of these semantic studies, principal component analysis (PCA) statistically defined two gene sets: one governing myogenic differentiation and the other segregating layers and broilers. Thirteen candidate genes were identified with a combined study of the DEGs and PCA that potentially contribute to proliferation or differentiation of chicken myoblasts. We experimentally proved that one of the candidates, enkephalin, an opioid peptide, suppresses myoblast growth. Our results present a new perspective that the opioids present in feeds may influence muscle development of domestic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Nihashi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Koji Umezawa
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shinji
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yu Hamaguchi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.,Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tamao Ono
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.,Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagami
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Tomohide Takaya
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chang W, Peng F, Sun Q, Meng SS, Qiu HB, Xu JY. Plasma Midkine Is Associated With 28-Day Mortality and Organ Function in Sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 2019; 35:1290-1296. [PMID: 31284807 DOI: 10.1177/0885066619861580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine has been reported to play a crucial role in inflammatory, hypoxia, and tissue injury processes. We aimed to investigate plasma midkine in septic patients and its association with 28-day mortality and organ function. METHODS Septic patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, a tertiary hospital, from November 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. The baseline characteristics of the septic patients were recorded at admission. A peripheral blood sample was obtained at admission, and plasma midkine levels were evaluated with an immunoassay. All patients were followed up with for 28 days, with all-cause mortality being recorded. RESULTS A total of 26 septic patients were enrolled, which included 18 survivors and 8 nonsurvivors at day 28. Plasma midkine levels were significantly elevated in the nonsurvivor group compared with the survivors (ng/L, 763.6 [404.7-1305], 268.5 [147.8-511.4]; P = .0387]. Plasma midkine levels were elevated in septic patients with moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with patients with non/mild ARDS (ng/L, 522.3 [336.6-960.1] vs 243.8 [110.3-478.9]; P = .0135) and in those with acute kidney injury compared with those without (ng/L, 489.8 [259.2-1058] vs 427.9 [129.6-510.3]; P = .0973). Changes in plasma midkine levels were also associated with extravascular lung water index (P = .063) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS Plasma midkine was associated with 28-day mortality, as well as pulmonary and kidney injury, in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Herradon G, Ramos-Alvarez MP, Gramage E. Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31031625 PMCID: PMC6474308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common factor of pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic inflammation is considered part of the pathogenic mechanisms of different disorders associated with aging. Interestingly, peripheral inflammation and the associated metabolic alterations not only facilitate insulin resistance and diabetes but also neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the identification of novel pathways, common to the development of these diseases, which modulate the immune response and signaling is key. It will provide highly relevant information to advance our knowledge of the multifactorial process of aging, and to establish new biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to counteract the underlying chronic inflammatory processes. One novel pathway that regulates peripheral and central immune responses is triggered by the cytokines pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK), which bind its receptor, Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ, and inactivate its phosphatase activity. In this review, we compile a growing body of knowledge suggesting that PTN and MK modulate the immune response and/or inflammation in different pathologies characterized by peripheral inflammation associated with insulin resistance, such as aging, and in central disorders characterized by overt neuroinflammation, such as neurodegenerative diseases and endotoxemia. Evidence strongly suggests that regulation of the PTN and MK signaling pathways may provide new therapeutic opportunities particularly in those neurological disorders characterized by increased PTN and/or MK cerebral levels and neuroinflammation. Importantly, we discuss existing therapeutics, and others being developed, that modulate these signaling pathways, and their potential use in pathologies characterized by overt neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Herradon
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Ramos-Alvarez
- Departmento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Inflammatory biomarker profiling in classical orthostatic hypotension: Insights from the SYSTEMA cohort. Int J Cardiol 2018; 259:192-197. [PMID: 29579600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
19
|
Weckbach LT, Preissner KT, Deindl E. The Role of Midkine in Arteriogenesis, Involving Mechanosensing, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Vasodilation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2559. [PMID: 30158425 PMCID: PMC6163309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in blood circulation such as shear stress play a predominant role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes related to vascular responses or vessel remodeling. Arteriogenesis, defined as the growth of pre-existing arterioles into functional collateral arteries compensating for stenosed or occluded arteries, is such a process. Midkine, a pleiotropic protein and growth factor, has originally been identified to orchestrate embryonic development. In the adult organism its expression is restricted to distinct tissues (including tumors), whereby midkine is strongly expressed in inflamed tissue and has been shown to promote inflammation. Recent investigations conferred midkine an important function in vascular remodeling and growth. In this review, we introduce the midkine gene and protein along with its cognate receptors, and highlight its role in inflammation and the vascular system with special emphasis on arteriogenesis, particularly focusing on shear stress-mediated vascular cell proliferation and vasodilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Influence of Menopause on Inflammatory Cytokines during Murine and Human Bone Fracture Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072070. [PMID: 30013010 PMCID: PMC6073246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal females display a chronic inflammatory phenotype with higher levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the inflammatory response to injury may be altered under estrogen-deficiency, because it was shown previously that estrogen-deficient mice displayed increased levels of the inflammatory cytokines Midkine (Mdk) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the early fracture hematoma. Because a balanced immune response to fracture is required for successful bone regeneration, this might contribute to the delayed fracture healing frequently observed in osteoporotic, postmenopausal fracture patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether further cytokines in addition to Mdk and IL-6 might be affected by estrogen-deficiency after fracture in mice and whether these cytokines are also relevant during human fracture healing. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether serum from male vs. female fracture patients affects osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To address these questions, female mice were either sham-operated or ovariectomized (OVX) and subjected to standardized femur osteotomy. A broad panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was determined systemically and locally in the fracture hematoma. In a translational approach, serum was collected from healthy controls and patients with an isolated fracture. Mdk and IL-6 serum levels were determined at day 0, day 14 and day 42 after fracture. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate differences between male and female fracture patients after menopause. In an in vitro approach, human MSCs were cultured with the collected patient serum and osteogenic differentiation was assessed by qPCR and alkaline-phosphatase staining. Our results suggest an important role for the pro-inflammatory cytokines Mdk and IL-6 in the response to fracture in estrogen-deficient mice among all of the measured inflammatory mediators. Notably, both cytokines were also significantly increased in the serum of patients after fracture. However, only Mdk serum levels differed significantly between male and female fracture patients after menopause. MSCs cultivated with serum from female fracture patients displayed significantly reduced osteogenic differentiation, which was attenuated by Mdk-antibody treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated increased Mdk levels after fracture in OVX mice and female fracture patients after menopause. Because Mdk is a negative regulator of bone formation, this might contribute to impaired osteoporotic fracture healing.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu GC, Yuan H, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Elevated plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40181-40189. [PMID: 27903979 PMCID: PMC5522313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that two heparin-binding growth factor, midkine and pleiotrophin are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including SLE. To investigate the plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels in SLE patients, as well as their correlation with major clinical parameters and interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in SLE, 83 SLE patients and 123 controls including 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, 21 Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients and 82 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Plasma midkine, pleiotrophin and IL-17 levels were detected by ELISA. Midkine and pleiotrophin levels were significantly higher in SLE, RA and SS patients compared with HCs (all P < 0.05). There were significantly lower midkine and pleiotrophin levels in SLE compared to SS (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). No significant differences in midkine and pleiotrophin levels were found between SLE and RA (P = 0.240 and P = 0.074, respectively). Both plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels were associated with rash and anti-SSA in SLE. In addition, both midkine and pleiotrophin levels were positively associated with IL-17 level in SLE (both P < 0.001). Area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for midkine and pleiotrophin were 0.606 (0.527–0.681) and 0.605 (0.526–0.680) respectively. In conclusion, elevated plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels and their associations with rash, anti-SSA and IL-17 in SLE patients suggest their involvement in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Cui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dhar S, Sun Z, Meininger GA, Hill MA. Nonenzymatic glycation interferes with fibronectin-integrin interactions in vascular smooth muscle cells. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28005306 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether advanced nonenzymatic glycation of the ECM protein, fibronectin, impacts its normal integrin-mediated interaction with arteriolar VSMC. METHODS AFM was performed on cultured VSMC from rat cremaster arterioles to study native and glycated fibronectin (FN and gFN) interactions with cellular integrins. AFM probes were functionalized with FN or gFN or with native or glycated albumin (gAlb) as controls. RESULTS VSMC showed increased adhesion probability to gFN (72.9±3.5%) compared with native FN (63.0±1.6%). VSMC similarly showed increased probability of adhesion (63.8±1.7%) to gAlb compared with native Alb (40.1±4.7%). Adhesion of native FN to VSMC was α5 and β1 integrin dependent whereas adhesion of gFN to VSMC was integrin independent. The RAGE-selective inhibitor, FPS-ZM1, blocked gFN (and gAlb) adhesion, suggesting that adhesion of glycated proteins was RAGE dependent. Interaction of FN with VSMC was not altered by soluble gFN while soluble native FN did not inhibit adhesion of gFN to VSMC. In contrast, gAlb inhibited adhesion of gFN to VSMC in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Glycation of FN shifts the nature of cellular adhesion from integrin- to RAGE-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Dhar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lautz T, Lasch M, Borgolte J, Troidl K, Pagel JI, Caballero-Martinez A, Kleinert EC, Walzog B, Deindl E. Midkine Controls Arteriogenesis by Regulating the Bioavailability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 and 3. EBioMedicine 2017; 27:237-246. [PMID: 29233575 PMCID: PMC5828057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine is a pleiotropic factor, which is involved in angiogenesis. However, its mode of action in this process is still ill defined. The function of midkine in arteriogenesis, the growth of natural bypasses from pre-existing collateral arteries, compensating for the loss of an occluded artery has never been investigated. Arteriogenesis is an inflammatory process, which relies on the proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. We show that midkine deficiency strikingly interferes with the proliferation of endothelial cells in arteriogenesis, thereby interfering with the process of collateral artery growth. We identified midkine to be responsible for increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), necessary and sufficient to promote endothelial cell proliferation in growing collaterals. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that leukocyte domiciled midkine mediates increased plasma levels of VEGFA relevant for upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3, necessary for proper endothelial cell proliferation, and that non-leukocyte domiciled midkine additionally improves vasodilation. The data provided on the role of midkine in endothelial proliferation are likely to be relevant for both, the process of arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, our data might help to estimate the therapeutic effect of clinically applied VEGFA in patients with vascular occlusive diseases. Leukocyte domiciled midkine is decisive for collateral endothelial cell proliferation in arteriogenesis. Midkine controls the bioavailability of VEGFA mediating endothelial Nos1 and Nos3 expression. Nos1 and Nos3, relevant for endothelial cell proliferation, can substitute for each other.
Arteriogenesis is a life and tissue saving process as it compensates for the loss of an occluded artery. Decoding the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutic options to treat patients with vascular occlusive diseases. Lautz et al. identified midkine to be responsible for the increased bioavailability of VEGFA during arteriogenesis, necessary and sufficient to promote endothelial cell proliferation. These data might help to estimate the therapeutic effect of clinically applied VEGFA. As the identified mechanisms might also apply for angiogenesis, they are likely to be of broader relevance, e.g. in terms of tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lautz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Borgolte
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University-Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Division of Arteriogenesis Research, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Judith-Irina Pagel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Hospital of the University of Munich, Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Amelia Caballero-Martinez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Christian Kleinert
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakamura Y. Aptamers as therapeutic middle molecules. Biochimie 2017; 145:22-33. [PMID: 29050945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic molecules can be classified as low-, middle- and high-molecular weight drugs depending on their molecular masses. Antibodies represent high-molecular weight drugs and their clinical applications have been developing rapidly. Aptamers, on the other hand, are middle-molecular weight molecules that are short, single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that are selected in vitro from large oligonucleotide libraries based on their high affinity to a target molecule. Hence, aptamers can be thought of as a nucleic acid analog to antibodies. However, several viewpoints hold that the potential of aptamers arises from interesting characteristics that are distinct from, or in some cases, superior to those of antibodies. Recently, therapeutic middle molecules gain considerable attention as protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. This review summarizes the recent achievements in aptamer development in our laboratory in terms of PPI and non-PPI inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakamura
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen D, Podolnikova NP, Yakubenko VP, Ardell CL, Balabiyev A, Ugarova TP, Wang X. Pleiotrophin, a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor, induces leukocyte responses through the integrin Mac-1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18848-18861. [PMID: 28939773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a multifunctional, cationic, glycosaminoglycan-binding cytokine and growth factor involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including tissue repair and inflammation-related diseases. PTN has been shown to promote leukocyte responses by inducing their migration and expression of inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms through which PTN mediates these responses remain unclear. Here, we identified the integrin Mac-1 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) as the receptor mediating macrophage adhesion and migration to PTN. We also found that expression of Mac-1 on the surface of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells induced their adhesion and migration to PTN. Accordingly, PTN promoted Mac-1-dependent cell spreading and initiated intracellular signaling manifested in phosphorylation of Erk1/2. While binding to PTN, Mac-1 on Mac-1-expressing HEK293 cells appears to cooperate with cell-surface proteoglycans because both anti-Mac-1 function-blocking mAb and heparin were required to block adhesion. Moreover, biolayer interferometry and NMR indicated a direct interaction between the αMI domain, the major ligand-binding region of Mac-1, and PTN. Using peptide libraries, we found that in PTN the αMI domain bound sequences enriched in basic and hydrophobic residues, indicating that PTN conforms to the general principle of ligand-recognition specificity of the αMI domain toward cationic proteins/peptides. Finally, using recombinant PTN-derived fragments, we show that PTN contains two distinct Mac-1-binding sites in each of its constitutive domains. Collectively, these results identify PTN as a ligand for the integrin Mac-1 on the surface of leukocytes and suggest that this interaction may play a role in inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Shen
- From the Schools of Molecular and
| | | | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Christopher L Ardell
- Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Arnat Balabiyev
- Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 and
| | | | - Xu Wang
- From the Schools of Molecular and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Takemoto Y, Horiba M, Harada M, Sakamoto K, Takeshita K, Murohara T, Kadomatsu K, Kamiya K. Midkine Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation Through Its Pro-Inflammatory, Angiogenic and Anti-Apoptotic Functions in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice. Circ J 2017; 82:19-27. [PMID: 28781288 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study suggested that midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is associated with atherosclerosis progression in patients with artery disease. It has previously been reported that MK plays a critical role in neointima formation in a restenosis model, whereas the role of MK in the development of atherosclerosis has not been investigated. The present study assessed the effect of MK administration on the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice.Methods and Results:Using an osmotic pump, human recombinant MK protein was intraperitoneally administered for 12 weeks in C57BL/6 ApoE-/-(ApoE-/--MK) and ApoE+/+mice fed a high-fat diet. Saline was administered to the control groups of ApoE-/-(ApoE-/--saline) and ApoE+/+mice. The atherosclerotic lesion areas in longitudinal aortic sections were significantly larger in ApoE-/--MK mice than in ApoE-/--saline mice. The aortic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic factors, and the percentage of macrophages in aortic root lesions, were significantly higher in ApoE-/--MK mice than in ApoE-/--saline mice, whereas the percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly lower in ApoE-/--MK mice than in ApoE-/--saline mice. CONCLUSIONS The systemic administration of MK in ApoE-/-mice promoted atherosclerotic plaque formation through pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and anti-apoptotic effects. MK may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of atherosclerosis under atherogenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital
| | - Mitsuru Horiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University.,Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.,Suizawa Hospital
| | - Masahide Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University.,Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kaichiro Kamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Growth Factor Midkine Promotes T-Cell Activation through Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Signaling and Th1 Cell Differentiation in Lupus Nephritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:740-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
28
|
Sorrelle N, Dominguez ATA, Brekken RA. From top to bottom: midkine and pleiotrophin as emerging players in immune regulation. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:277-286. [PMID: 28356350 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1116-475r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are pivotal in the generation and resolution of the inflammatory response. The midkine/pleiotrophin (MK/PTN) family of cytokines, composed of just two members, was discovered as heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factors. Since their discovery, expression of this cytokine family has been reported in a wide array of inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this minireview, we will discuss the emerging appreciation of the functions of the MK/PTN family in the immune system, which include promoting lymphocyte survival, sculpting myeloid cell phenotype, driving immune cell chemotaxis, and maintaining hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Sorrelle
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and
| | - Adrian T A Dominguez
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; and .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ibrahim NE, Januzzi JL, Magaret CA, Gaggin HK, Rhyne RF, Gandhi PU, Kelly N, Simon ML, Motiwala SR, Belcher AM, van Kimmenade RR. A Clinical and Biomarker Scoring System to Predict the Presence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:1147-1156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
30
|
Midkine Is a Novel Regulator of Amphetamine-Induced Striatal Gliosis and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence for a Stimulus-Dependent Regulation of Neuroinflammation by Midkine. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9894504. [PMID: 28044069 PMCID: PMC5164901 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9894504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a cytokine that modulates amphetamine-induced striatal astrogliosis, suggesting a possible role of MK in neuroinflammation induced by amphetamine. To test this hypothesis, we studied astrogliosis and microglial response induced by amphetamine (10 mg/kg i.p. four times, every 2 h) in different brain areas of MK−/− mice and wild type (WT) mice. We found that amphetamine-induced microgliosis and astrocytosis are enhanced in the striatum of MK−/− mice in a region-specific manner. Surprisingly, LPS-induced astrogliosis in the striatum was blocked in MK−/− mice. Since striatal neuroinflammation induced by amphetamine-type stimulants correlates with the cognitive deficits induced by these drugs, we also tested the long-term effects of periadolescent amphetamine treatment (3 mg/kg i.p. daily for 10 days) in a memory task in MK−/− and WT mice. Significant deficits in the Y-maze test were only observed in amphetamine-pretreated MK−/− mice. The data demonstrate for the first time that MK is a novel modulator of neuroinflammation depending on the inflammatory stimulus and the brain area considered. The data indicate that MK limits amphetamine-induced striatal neuroinflammation. In addition, our data demonstrate that periadolescent amphetamine treatment in mice results in transient disruption of learning and memory processes in absence of endogenous MK.
Collapse
|
31
|
Su Z, Lv X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guan J, Gai Z. Circulating midkine in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Clinical implications. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:246-250. [PMID: 27497193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor, which behaves like a cytokine, involved in various cellular processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, and migration. Studies provided evidence for a role of MK in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The association between midkine and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) has not yet been explored. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential role of midkine in children with HSP. METHODS A total of 152 cases consisting of 92 children with HSP and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy control children were enrolled in this prospective study. Circulating midkine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17A was measured in all of the 92 patients and 60 healthy controls. Midkine diagnostic value was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Renal involvement occurred in 36 of the 92 patients. Circulating midkine level was elevated in children with HSPN than those of patients without renal involvement and of the controls (326.58 (266.58-459.25) pg/ml versus 280.72 (233.67-384.36) pg/ml and 217.3 (198.98-243.65) pg/ml, respectively; P<0.05). Midkine positively correlated with IL-4, IL-6, IL17A, IgA and IgE. The threshold MK concentration of HSPN was 295.58pg/ml, with the sensitivity and specificity of 80.6% and 88.3%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCROC) of MK was 0.902. CONCLUSIONS MK seems to be involved in the development of HSP. Measurement of serum levels of MK is helpful in confirming the diagnosis of HSP and predicting HSPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Su
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China; Department of Pediatric, Shandong Police Hospital, Ji'nan 250002, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Jingyun Guan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shindo E, Nanki T, Kusunoki N, Shikano K, Kawazoe M, Sato H, Kaneko K, Muraoka S, Kaburaki M, Akasaka Y, Shimada H, Hasunuma T, Kawai S. The growth factor midkine may play a pathophysiological role in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:54-59. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1179860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Shindo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Natsuko Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kotaro Shikano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Mai Kawazoe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kaichi Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Makoto Kaburaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Yoshikiyo Akasaka
- Division of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, the Center for Advanced Research, Graduate School of Medical Science, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasunuma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kuzu F, Arpaci D, Unal M, Altas A, Haytaoglu G, Can M, Barut F, Kokturk F, Ilikhan SU, Bayraktaroglu T. Midkine: A Novel Biomarker to Predict Malignancy in Patients with Nodular Thyroid Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6035024. [PMID: 27446208 PMCID: PMC4944023 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6035024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Midkine (MK), a new heparin-binding growth factor, plays important roles in a variety of biological phenomena such as carcinogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum midkine (SMK) and nodular midkine (NMK) levels in patients with thyroid nodules to predict malignancy and whether there was any association between. Methods. A total of 105 patients (74 women, 31 men) with thyroid nodules were enrolled. The levels of SMK and NMK were measured. Any possible correlation between SMK, NMK, and biochemical, cytopathological, or radiological variables was investigated. Results. Both SMK and NMK were found to be higher in hypoechoic nodules with an irregular border and without a halo (p < 0.05). Serum MK levels were significantly higher in nodules with microcalcifications than nodules with macrocalcification or without calcification (p = 0.001). SMK levels were found to be correlated with NMK levels (SMK 0.63 ng/ml versus 1.04 ng/mL and NMK 0.55 ng/mL versus 0.55 ng/mL, r (2) = 0.54, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Both SMK and NMK can predict tumorigenesis of highly malignant/suspicious thyroid cytopathology and also well correlated with sonographic features of thyroid nodules. We suggest that MK levels may serve as an alternative biomarker, in conjunction with the cytopathological results in preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kuzu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Dilek Arpaci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
- *Mustafa Unal:
| | - Ayfer Altas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Haytaoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Furuzan Kokturk
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sevil Uygun Ilikhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Taner Bayraktaroglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang R, Pan Y, Fanelli V, Wu S, Luo AA, Islam D, Han B, Mao P, Ghazarian M, Zeng W, Spieth PM, Wang D, Khang J, Mo H, Liu X, Uhlig S, Liu M, Laffey J, Slutsky AS, Li Y, Zhang H. Mechanical Stress and the Induction of Lung Fibrosis via the Midkine Signaling Pathway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:315-23. [PMID: 25945397 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201412-2326oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been widely used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the ARDS mortality rate remains unacceptably high and there is no proven pharmacologic therapy. OBJECTIVES Mechanical ventilation can induce oxidative stress and lung fibrosis, which may contribute to high dependency on ventilator support and increased ARDS mortality. We hypothesized that the novel cytokine, midkine (MK), which can be up-regulated in oxidative stress, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS-associated lung fibrosis. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 17 patients with ARDS and 10 healthy donors. Human lung epithelial cells were challenged with hydrogen chloride followed by mechanical stretch for 72 hours. Wild-type and MK gene-deficient (MK(-/-)) mice received two-hit injury of acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation, and were monitored for 14 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma concentrations of MK were higher in patients with ARDS than in healthy volunteers. Exposure to mechanical stretch of lung epithelial cells led to an epithelial-mesenchymal transition profile associated with increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which was attenuated by silencing MK, its receptor Notch2, or NADP reduced oxidase 1. An increase in collagen deposition and hydroxyproline level and a decrease in lung tissue compliance seen in wild-type mice were largely attenuated in MK(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical stretch can induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype mediated by the MK-Notch2-angiotensin-converting enzyme signaling pathway, contributing to lung remodeling. The MK pathway is a potential therapeutic target in the context of ARDS-associated lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Pan
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vito Fanelli
- 2 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sulong Wu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alice Aili Luo
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Islam
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Han
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pu Mao
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirna Ghazarian
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenmei Zeng
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Spieth
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dingyan Wang
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Khang
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyin Mo
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- 5 Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; and
| | | | - John Laffey
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Department of Physiology.,7 Department of Anesthesia, and.,8 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,8 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yimin Li
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Department of Physiology.,7 Department of Anesthesia, and.,8 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yao J, Li WY, Gao SG. The advances of Midkine with peripheral invasion in pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2912-2917. [PMID: 26609495 PMCID: PMC4633916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy associated with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Perineural invasion (PNI) in pancreatic cancer is one of the most common characteristics of this disease, with incidence of nerve invasion between 53.3% and 90%. PNI is also associated with disease recurrence and pain. Despite research efforts, the detailed mechanisms underlying PNI in pancreatic cancer remains unknown. The main factors of PNI in pancreatic cancer will be introduced in the following: 1. The anatomy of the pancreas nerve: The cancer cells along the blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, peripheral nerve gap and perineurium to Invasion. 2. Adhesion molecules in PNI: Neural cell adhesion molecules. 3. Growth factor: For example, nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase receptor A; Neurotrophic factor and its receptor, etc. 4. The others: Such as matrix metalloproteinases, integrin. A neurite growth promoting factor and neuritrophic factor known to have a role in the pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer by inducing neuritis growth is midkine. In this review, we discuss the role of midkine and other growth and neurotrophic factors on the pathophysiology of PNI in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Bădilă E, Daraban AM, Ţintea E, Bartoş D, Alexandru N, Georgescu A. Midkine proteins in cardio-vascular disease. Where do we come from and where are we heading to? Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:464-71. [PMID: 26101065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Midkine is a recently identified new growth factor/cytokine with pleiotropic functions in the human organism. First discovered in the late eighties, midkines have now become the subject of numerous studies in cardiovascular, neurologic, renal diseases and also various types of cancers. We summarize here the most important functions of midkine in cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing its role in inflammation and its antiapoptotic and proangiogenetic effects. Midkine has multiple roles in the organism, with the specific feature of being either beneficial or harmful depending on which tissue it acts on. Even though midkine has been shown to have cardiac protective effects against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury and to inhibit cardiac remodeling, it also promotes intimal hyperplasia and vascular stenosis. As such, different therapeutic strategies are currently being evaluated, consisting of administering either midkine proteins or midkine inhibitors depending on the desired outcome. More data is gathering to suggest that these novel therapies could become an adjunctive to standard cardiovascular therapy. Nonetheless, much is still to be learned about midkine. The encouraging results up till now require further studying in order to fully understand the complete profile of its mechanism of action and the clinical safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic opportunities offered by midkine molecular targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta Bădilă
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ana Maria Daraban
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Emma Ţintea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Bartoş
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jones DR. Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:2925-39. [PMID: 24460734 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a pleiotropic growth factor prominently expressed during embryogenesis but down-regulated to neglible levels in healthy adults. Many published studies have demonstrated striking MK overexpression compared with healthy controls in various pathologies, including ischaemia, inflammation, autoimmunity and, most notably, in many cancers. MK expression is detectable in biopsies of diseased, but not healthy, tissues. Significantly, because it is a soluble cytokine, elevated MK is readily apparent in the blood and other body fluids such as urine and CSF, making MK a relatively convenient, accessible, non-invasive and inexpensive biomarker for population screening and early disease detection. The first diagnostic tests that quantify MK are just now receiving regulatory clearance and entering the clinic. This review examines the current state of knowledge pertaining to MK as a biomarker and highlights promising indications and clinical settings where measuring MK could make a difference to patient treatment. I also raise outstanding questions about reported variants of MK as well as MK's bio-distribution in vivo. Answering these questions in future studies will enhance our understanding of the significance of measured MK levels in both patients and healthy subjects, and may reveal further opportunities for measuring MK to diagnose disease. MK has already proven to be a biomarker that can significantly improve detection, management and treatment of cancer, and there is significant promise for developing further MK-based diagnostics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Jones
- Cellmid Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Midkine: a novel and early biomarker of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:879509. [PMID: 25629054 PMCID: PMC4299314 DOI: 10.1155/2015/879509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis whether midkine could represent an early biomarker of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) in 89 patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing PCI. Midkine, serum and urinary NGAL, and cystatin C were evaluated before and 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after PCI using commercially available kits. Serum creatinine was assessed before and 24 and 48 hours after PCI. We found a significant rise in serum midkine as early as after 2 hours (P < 0.001) when compared to the baseline values. It was also significantly higher 4 hours after PCI and then returned to the baseline values after 24 hours and started to decrease after 48 hours. When contrast nephropathy was defined as an increase in serum creatinine by >25% of the baseline level 48 hours after PCI, the prevalence of CIN was 10%. Patients with CIN received significantly more contrast agent (P < 0.05), but durations of PCI were similar. Midkine was significantly higher 2, 4, and 8 hours after PCI in patients with CIN. Since the “window of opportunity” is narrow in CIAKI and time is limited to introduce proper treatment after initiating insult, particularly when patients are discharged within 24 hours after the procedure, midkine needs to be investigated as a potential early marker for renal ischemia and/or nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Haffner-Luntzer M, Heilmann A, Rapp AE, Beie S, Schinke T, Amling M, Ignatius A, Liedert A. Midkine-deficiency delays chondrogenesis during the early phase of fracture healing in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116282. [PMID: 25551381 PMCID: PMC4281158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and differentiation factor midkine (Mdk) plays an important role in bone development and remodeling. Mdk-deficient mice display a high bone mass phenotype when aged 12 and 18 months. Furthermore, Mdk has been identified as a negative regulator of mechanically induced bone formation and it induces pro-chondrogenic, pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory effects. Together with the finding that Mdk is expressed in chondrocytes during fracture healing, we hypothesized that Mdk could play a complex role in endochondral ossification during the bone healing process. Femoral osteotomies stabilized using an external fixator were created in wildtype and Mdk-deficient mice. Fracture healing was evaluated 4, 10, 21 and 28 days after surgery using 3-point-bending, micro-computed tomography, histology and immunohistology. We demonstrated that Mdk-deficient mice displayed delayed chondrogenesis during the early phase of fracture healing as well as significantly decreased flexural rigidity and moment of inertia of the fracture callus 21 days after fracture. Mdk-deficiency diminished beta-catenin expression in chondrocytes and delayed presence of macrophages during early fracture healing. We also investigated the impact of Mdk knockdown using siRNA on ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells in vitro. Knockdown of Mdk expression resulted in a decrease of beta-catenin and chondrogenic differentiation-related matrix proteins, suggesting that delayed chondrogenesis during fracture healing in Mdk-deficient mice may be due to a cell-autonomous mechanism involving reduced beta-catenin signaling. Our results demonstrated that Mdk plays a crucial role in the early inflammation phase and during the development of cartilaginous callus in the fracture healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aline Heilmann
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Elise Rapp
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Beie
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Liedert
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sato Y, Sato W, Maruyama S, Wilcox CS, Falck JR, Masuda T, Kosugi T, Kojima H, Maeda K, Furuhashi K, Ando M, Imai E, Matsuo S, Kadomatsu K. Midkine Regulates BP through Cytochrome P450-Derived Eicosanoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1806-15. [PMID: 25377079 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors have been attributed to cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), but the regulation and role of EETs in endothelial dysfunction remain largely unexplored. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for renal dysfunction, which is frequently accompanied by various systemic diseases induced by endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation. We previously reported that the endothelial growth factor midkine (MK) enhances hypertension in a model of CKD. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that MK regulates EET activity and thereby BP. MK gene-deleted mice were resistant to hypertension and developed less glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria after administration of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor in the setting of uninephrectomy. The hypertension observed in uninephrectomized wild-type mice after NOS inhibition was ameliorated by anti-MK antibody. MK-deficient mice produced higher amounts of EETs, and EETs dominantly regulated BP in these mice. Furthermore, MK administration to MK-deficient mice recapitulated the BP control observed in wild-type mice. EETs also dominantly regulated renal blood flow, which may influence renal function, in MK-deficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the MK/EET pathway is physiologically engaged in BP control and could be a target for the treatment of hypertension complicated by endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sato
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nephrology
| | | | | | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takeuchi H. Midkine and multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:931-5. [PMID: 24460675 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination with subsequent neuronal damage in the CNS. MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been thought as autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated diseases. CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T-cell (Treg) plays a pivotal role in autoimmune tolerance, and tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCreg) drive the development of inducible Treg cells. Thus, a dysfunction in the development of Treg and DCreg leads to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the factors that regulate Treg and DCreg are largely unknown. We recently showed that removal of midkine (MK) suppressed EAE due to an expansion of the Treg cell population as well as a decrease in the numbers of autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells. MK decreased the Treg cell population by suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT5, which is essential for the expression of Foxp3, the master transcriptional factor of Treg cell differentiation. Furthermore, MK reduces the DCreg cell population by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is critical for DCreg development. Blockade of MK signalling by a specific RNA aptamer significantly elevated the population of DCreg and Treg cells and ameliorated EAE without detectable adverse effects. Therefore, the inhibition of MK may provide an effective therapeutic strategy against autoimmune diseases including MS. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yoshida Y, Sakakima H, Matsuda F, Ikutomo M. Midkine in repair of the injured nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:924-30. [PMID: 24460674 PMCID: PMC3925031 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a growth factor with neurotrophic and neurite outgrowth activities. It was expressed in the peri-ischaemic area in the acute phase of cerebral infarction in rat brains. Astrocytes were the origin of MK in this occasion. MK has been assessed in terms of its effects on neural injury. The administration of MK into the lateral ventricle immediately prior to ischaemia prevented cell death in the hippocampal CA1 neurons degenerated by transient forebrain ischaemia in gerbils. MK administration was also beneficial in rats with neural injury, especially after kainic acid-induced seizures. Gene therapy with mouse MK cDNA using an adenovirus was effective in reducing the cerebral infarction volume and in increasing the number of neuronal precursor cells in the subventricular zone of the rat brain. MK mRNA and MK protein were found in spinal cord motor neurons of the anterior horn in both the acute phase of sciatic nerve injury and 3 weeks later. MK immunoreactivity was also found in the proximal side of a sciatic nerve-injured site in sciatic nerve axons. MK receptors were expressed in Schwann cells after injury, suggesting crosstalk between axons and Schwann cells. MK was also present in nerve terminals and influenced ACh receptor clustering during neuromuscular development in Xenopus. Thus, MK may also be involved in reinforcing and maintaining the synapse. All these findings indicate the therapeutic potential of MK for promoting repair of the nervous system after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yoshida
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kadomatsu K, Bencsik P, Görbe A, Csonka C, Sakamoto K, Kishida S, Ferdinandy P. Therapeutic potential of midkine in cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:936-44. [PMID: 24286213 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and their pathological consequences are life-threatening conditions that account for about half of deaths in developed countries. Pathology of these diseases includes cell death due to ischaemia/reperfusion injury, vascular stenosis and cardiac remodelling. The growth factor midkine plays a pivotal role in these events. Midkine shows an acute cytoprotective effect in ischaemia/reperfusion injury at least in part via its anti-apoptotic effect. Moreover, while midkine promotes endothelial cell proliferation, it also recruits inflammatory cells to lesions. These activities eventually enhance angiogenesis, thereby preventing cardiac tissue remodelling. However, midkine's activity in recruiting inflammatory cells into the vascular wall also triggers neointima formation, and consequently, vascular stenosis. Moreover, midkine is induced in cancer tissues where it enhances angiogenesis. Therefore, midkine may promote tumour formation through its angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activity. This review focuses on the roles of midkine in ischaemic cardiovascular disease and their pathological consequences, that is angiogenesis, vascular stenosis, and cardiac remodelling, and discusses the possible therapeutic potential of modulation of midkine in these diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sato W, Sato Y. Midkine in nephrogenesis, hypertension and kidney diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:879-87. [PMID: 24106831 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK; K; gene abbreviation, Mdk: mus musculus, MDK: homo sapiens) is a multifunctional heparin-binding growth factor that regulates cell growth, survival and migration as well as anti-apoptotic activity in nephrogenesis and development. Proximal tubular epithelial cells are the main sites of MK expression in the kidneys. The pathophysiological roles of MK are diverse, ranging from the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) to the progression of chronic kidney disease, often accompanied by hypertension, renal ischaemia and diabetic nephropathy. The obvious hypertension that develops in Mdk(+/+) mouse models of renal ablation compared with Mdk(-/-) mice eventually leads to progressive renal failure, such as glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage associated with elevated plasma angiotensin (Ang) II levels. MK is also induced in the lung endothelium by oxidative stress and subsequently up-regulated by ACE, which hydrolyzes Ang II to induce further oxidative stress, thus accelerating MK generation; this leads to a vicious cycle of positive feedback in the MK-Ang II pathway. Kidney-lung interactions involving positive feedback between the renin-angiotensin system and MK might partly account for the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney damage. MK is also involved in the pathogenesis of AKI and diabetic nephropathy through the recruitment of inflammatory cells. In contrast, MK plays a protective role against crescentic glomerulonephritis, by down-regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. These diverse actions of MK might open up new avenues for targeted approaches to treating hypertension and various renal diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waichi Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lelovas PP, Kostomitsopoulos NG, Xanthos TT. A comparative anatomic and physiologic overview of the porcine heart. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2014; 53:432-438. [PMID: 25255064 PMCID: PMC4181683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances during the last 2 decades in every aspect of cardiovascular research (interventional cardiology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and so forth), Western societies still are plagued by the consequences of cardiovascular disease. Consequently the discovery of new regimens and therapeutic interventions is of utmost importance. Research using human subjects is associated with substantial methodologic and ethical considerations, and the quest for an appropriate animal model for the human cardiovascular system has led to swine. The porcine heart bears a close resemblance to the human heart in terms of its coronary circulation and hemodynamic similarities and offers ease of implementation of methods and devices from human healthcare facilities. A thorough comprehension of the anatomy and physiology of the porcine cardiovascular system should focus on differences between swine and humans as well as similarities. Understanding these differences and similarities is essential to extrapolating data appropriately and to addressing the social demand for the ethical use of animals in biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos P Lelovas
- Laboratory Animal Facilities, Centre for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos G Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facilities, Centre for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros T Xanthos
- MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation," University of Athens, Medical School, Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Exogenous midkine administration prevents cardiac remodeling in pacing-induced congestive heart failure of rabbits. Heart Vessels 2014; 31:96-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
47
|
Malyszko J, Bachorzewska-Gajewska H, Dobrzycki S. Biomarkers of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Which Ones and What Is Their Clinical Relevance? Interv Cardiol Clin 2014; 3:379-391. [PMID: 28582223 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy, or contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), is an acute impairment of renal function as manifested by an increase in serum creatinine. Different urinary and serum proteins have been intensively investigated as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AKI. Promising candidate biomarkers have the ability to detect an early and graded increase in tubular epithelial cell injury and to distinguish prerenal causes of AKI from acute tubular necrosis. In this article new, emerging biomarkers of contrast-induced AKI are presented and described, of which serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin appears to be the most promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Malyszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, Medical University, M. Sklodowska-Curie 24a, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
| | | | - Slawomir Dobrzycki
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University, M. Sklodowska-Curie 24a, Bialystok 15-276, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang H, Okamoto M, Panzhinskiy E, Zawada WM, Das M. PKCδ/midkine pathway drives hypoxia-induced proliferation and differentiation of human lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C648-58. [PMID: 24500281 PMCID: PMC3962599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00351.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are key players in the pathobiology of numerous hypoxia-induced lung diseases. The mechanisms mediating such hypoxic responses of epithelial cells are not well characterized. Earlier studies reported that hypoxia stimulates protein kinase C (PKC)δ activation in renal cancer cells and an increase in expression of a heparin-binding growth factor, midkine (MK), in lung alveolar epithelial cells. We reasoned that hypoxia might regulate MK levels via a PKCδ-dependent pathway and hypothesized that PKCδ-driven MK expression is required for hypoxia-induced lung epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Replication of human lung epithelial cells (A549) was significantly increased by chronic hypoxia (1% O2) and was dependent on expression of PKCδ. Hypoxia-induced proliferation of epithelial cells was accompanied by translocation of PKCδ from Golgi into the nuclei. Marked attenuation in MK protein levels by rottlerin, a pharmacological antagonist of PKC, and by small interfering RNA-targeting PKCδ, revealed that PKCδ is required for MK expression in both normoxic and hypoxic lung epithelial cells. Sequestering MK secreted into the culture media with a neutralizing antibody reduced hypoxia-induced proliferation demonstrating that an increase in MK release from cells is linked with epithelial cell division under hypoxia. In addition, recombinant MK accelerated transition of hypoxic epithelial cells to cells of mesenchymal phenotype characterized by elongated morphology and increased expression of mesenchymal markers, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin. We conclude that PKCδ/MK axis mediates hypoxic proliferation and differentiation of lung epithelial cells. Manipulation of PKCδ and MK activity in epithelial cells might be beneficial for the treatment of hypoxia-mediated lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhao SL, Zhang YJ, Li MH, Zhang XL, Chen SL. Mesenchymal stem cells with overexpression of midkine enhance cell survival and attenuate cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:37. [PMID: 24635859 PMCID: PMC4055147 DOI: 10.1186/scrt425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated midkine (MK) expression may contribute to ventricular remodeling and ameliorate cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). Ex vivo modification of signaling mechanisms in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with MK overexpression may improve the efficacy of cell-based therapy. This study sought to assess the safety and efficacy of MSCs with MK overexpression transplantation in a rat model of MI. METHODS A pLenO-DCE vector lentivirus encoding MK was constructed and infected in MSCs. MSC migration activity and cytoprotection was examined in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells using transwell insert in vitro. Rats were randomized into five groups: sham, MI plus injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), MSCs, MSCs-green fluorescent protein (MSCs-GFP) and MSCs-MK, respectively. Survival rates were compared among groups using log-rank test and left ventricular function was measured by echocardiography at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. RESULTS Overexpression of MK partially prevented hypoxia-induced MSC apoptosis and exerted MSC cytoprotection to anoxia induced H9C2 cells. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the increased mRNA and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transformation growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1a) in MSCs-MK compared with isolated MSCs and MSCs-GFP. Consistent with the qPCR results, the culture supernatant of MSCs-MK had more SDF-1a (9.23 ng/ml), VEGF (8.34 ng/ml) and TGF-β1 (17.88 ng/ml) expression. In vivo, a greater proportion of cell survival was observed in the MSCs-MK group than in the MSCs-GFP group. Moreover, MSCs-MK administration was related to a significant improvement of cardiac function compared with other control groups at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Therapies employing MSCs with MK overexpression may represent an effective treatment for improving cardiac dysfunction and survival rate after MI.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ikutomo M, Sakakima H, Matsuda F, Yoshida Y. Midkine-deficient mice delayed degeneration and regeneration after skeletal muscle injury. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:319-26. [PMID: 24055194 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, was previously found to be expressed in the rat myotube-forming stage. We investigated MK gene-deficient (Mdk(-/-)) mice in terms of skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration after injury by bupivacaine injection into the tibialis anterior muscle. Injured muscles showed intense inflammatory cell infiltration. Myotubes, myofibers with centrally located nuclei in their cytoplasm, were significantly smaller in Mdk(-/-) mice than in wild type (Mdk(+/+)) mice 7 days after injury (p=0.02). The distribution of myotube sizes showed quantitative differences between the two groups at 5 and 7 days, but not at 14 days. Many small myotubes were found in the regenerative area of Mdk(-/-) mice compared with that of Mdk(+/+)mice 5 and 7 days after injury. The expression of Iba1, a macrophage marker, was significantly lower in Mdk(-/-) mice 3 days after injury (p=0.01). The number of desmin-positive cells like myoblasts in Mdk(-/-) mice was significantly fewer than that in Mdk(+/+) mice 3 days after injury. Our results suggested that deletion of MK results in a delay in regeneration, preceded by decelerated migration of macrophages to the damaged area, and that MK has a role in cell differentiation and maturation after skeletal muscle injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ikutomo
- School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Fumiyo Matsuda
- School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshida
- School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| |
Collapse
|