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Jones BA, Gisch DL, Myakala K, Sadiq A, Cheng YH, Taranenko E, Panov J, Korolowicz K, Wang X, Rosenberg AZ, Jain S, Eadon MT, Levi M. Nicotinamide riboside activates renal metabolism and protects the kidney in a model of Alport syndrome. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.26.580911. [PMID: 38464264 PMCID: PMC10925224 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.580911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with renal metabolic disturbances, including impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is a small molecule that participates in hundreds of metabolism-related reactions. NAD + levels are decreased in CKD, and NAD + supplementation is protective. However, both the mechanism of how NAD + supplementation protects from CKD, as well as the cell types most responsible, are poorly understood. Using a mouse model of Alport syndrome, we show that nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD + precursor, stimulates renal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling and restores FAO in the proximal tubules, thereby protecting from CKD in both sexes. Bulk RNA-sequencing shows that renal metabolic pathways are impaired in Alport mice and dramatically activated by NR in both sexes. These transcriptional changes are confirmed by orthogonal imaging techniques and biochemical assays. Single nuclei RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, both the first of their kind from Alport mice, show that NAD + supplementation restores FAO in the proximal tubules with minimal effects on the podocytes. Finally, we also report, for the first time, sex differences at the transcriptional level in this Alport model. Male Alport mice had more severe inflammation and fibrosis than female mice at the transcriptional level. In summary, the data herein identify both the protective mechanism and location of NAD + supplementation in this model of CKD.
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2
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Gisch DL, Brennan M, Lake BB, Basta J, Keller MS, Melo Ferreira R, Akilesh S, Ghag R, Lu C, Cheng YH, Collins KS, Parikh SV, Rovin BH, Robbins L, Stout L, Conklin KY, Diep D, Zhang B, Knoten A, Barwinska D, Asghari M, Sabo AR, Ferkowicz MJ, Sutton TA, Kelly KJ, De Boer IH, Rosas SE, Kiryluk K, Hodgin JB, Alakwaa F, Winfree S, Jefferson N, Türkmen A, Gaut JP, Gehlenborg N, Phillips CL, El-Achkar TM, Dagher PC, Hato T, Zhang K, Himmelfarb J, Kretzler M, Mollah S, Jain S, Rauchman M, Eadon MT. The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney. Nat Commun 2024; 15:433. [PMID: 38199997 PMCID: PMC10781985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measure dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states. We establish a spatially-anchored epigenomic atlas to define the kidney's active, silent, and regulatory accessible chromatin regions across the genome. Using this atlas, we note distinct control of adaptive injury in different epithelial cell types. A proximal tubule cell transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 regulates the transition between health and injury, while in thick ascending limb cells this transition is regulated by NR2F1. Further, combined perturbation of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 distinguishes two adaptive proximal tubular cell subtypes, one of which manifested a repair trajectory after knockout. This atlas will serve as a foundation to facilitate targeted cell-specific therapeutics by reprogramming gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora L Gisch
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Blue B Lake
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeannine Basta
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | | | | | | | - Reetika Ghag
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Charles Lu
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Samir V Parikh
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brad H Rovin
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lynn Robbins
- St. Louis Veteran Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA
| | - Lisa Stout
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Kimberly Y Conklin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dinh Diep
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Amanda Knoten
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mahla Asghari
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela R Sabo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Timothy A Sutton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Sylvia E Rosas
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seth Winfree
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nichole Jefferson
- Kidney Precision Medicine Project Community Engagement Committee, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aydın Türkmen
- Istanbul School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph P Gaut
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pierre C Dagher
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Hato
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Shamim Mollah
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - Michael Rauchman
- Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Canela VH, Bowen WS, Ferreira RM, Syed F, Lingeman JE, Sabo AR, Barwinska D, Winfree S, Lake BB, Cheng YH, Gaut JP, Ferkowicz M, LaFavers KA, Zhang K, Coe FL, Worcester E, Jain S, Eadon MT, Williams JC, El-Achkar TM. A spatially anchored transcriptomic atlas of the human kidney papilla identifies significant immune injury in patients with stone disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4140. [PMID: 37468493 PMCID: PMC10356953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease causes significant morbidity and increases health care utilization. In this work, we decipher the cellular and molecular niche of the human renal papilla in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease and healthy subjects. In addition to identifying cell types important in papillary physiology, we characterize collecting duct cell subtypes and an undifferentiated epithelial cell type that was more prevalent in stone patients. Despite the focal nature of mineral deposition in nephrolithiasis, we uncover a global injury signature characterized by immune activation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also identify the association of MMP7 and MMP9 expression with stone disease and mineral deposition, respectively. MMP7 and MMP9 are significantly increased in the urine of patients with CaOx stone disease, and their levels correlate with disease activity. Our results define the spatial molecular landscape and specific pathways contributing to stone-mediated injury in the human papilla and identify associated urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Canela
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William S Bowen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ricardo Melo Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James E Lingeman
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela R Sabo
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Blue B Lake
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph P Gaut
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Ferkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kaice A LaFavers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fredric L Coe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elaine Worcester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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4
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Gisch DL, Brennan M, Lake BB, Basta J, Keller M, Ferreira RM, Akilesh S, Ghag R, Lu C, Cheng YH, Collins KS, Parikh SV, Rovin BH, Robbins L, Conklin KY, Diep D, Zhang B, Knoten A, Barwinska D, Asghari M, Sabo AR, Ferkowicz MJ, Sutton TA, Kelly KJ, Boer IHD, Rosas SE, Kiryluk K, Hodgin JB, Alakwaa F, Jefferson N, Gaut JP, Gehlenborg N, Phillips CL, El-Achkar TM, Dagher PC, Hato T, Zhang K, Himmelfarb J, Kretzler M, Mollah S, Jain S, Rauchman M, Eadon MT. The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.07.543965. [PMID: 37333123 PMCID: PMC10274789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.543965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. However, comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measured dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states. We established a comprehensive and spatially-anchored epigenomic atlas to define the kidney's active, silent, and regulatory accessible chromatin regions across the genome. Using this atlas, we noted distinct control of adaptive injury in different epithelial cell types. A proximal tubule cell transcription factor network of ELF3 , KLF6 , and KLF10 regulated the transition between health and injury, while in thick ascending limb cells this transition was regulated by NR2F1 . Further, combined perturbation of ELF3 , KLF6 , and KLF10 distinguished two adaptive proximal tubular cell subtypes, one of which manifested a repair trajectory after knockout. This atlas will serve as a foundation to facilitate targeted cell-specific therapeutics by reprogramming gene regulatory networks.
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5
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Liu B, Zhou WY, Xiao YT, Cheng YH, Ge YH, Nie SD, Lyu P. [Analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of 24 cases of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:889-894. [PMID: 36207947 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20201013-00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) diagnosis and treatment plan. Methods: 24 cases diagnosed with PEComa clinical manifestations, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), imaging findings, surgical methods, postoperative hospital stay, pathological results and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively from September 2015 to September 2020. Results: Majority of patients were females (79.2%), aged 41.5±11.4 years. Tumors were predominantly located in the right liver (50.0%). 76.7% of the cases were mostly clinically asymptomatic. AFP, CEA and CA199 indices were all negative. CT mostly showed low density tumor in the plain scan phase, enhanced in the enhancement phase, and enhanced and weakened in portal venous and equilibrium phase (66.7%). MRI manifestations of most tumors were hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI (72.7%). B-ultrasound mostly showed hyperechoic mass in the tumor area with punctate vascular shadow (52.9%). Postoperative hospital stay was 9.0±2.4 days for laparoscopic surgery patients (n=13), 13.4±6.3 days for traditional laparotomy (hereinafter referred to as laparotomy, n=10), and 3 days for 1 patient with microwave ablation. All postoperative pathological results were positive for HMB45 and Melan-A. Follow-up results: 21 cases survived normally, with no tumor recurrence in the recent physical examination; two cases had tumor recurrence and they died two and three years after surgery, and one case was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Hepatic PEComa more commonly occurs in middle-aged women, with no specific features for tumor markers and clinical manifestations. Some imaging findings are specific, so its features can be combined as a basis for diagnosis. Postoperative pathological examination results can confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, surgery remains the initial treatment plan. Microwave ablation and laparoscopic surgery are recommended as the preferred option because of shorter hospital stays and less trauma than open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,changsha 410005, China
| | - W Y Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,changsha 410005, China
| | - Y T Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,changsha 410005, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,changsha 410005, China
| | - Y H Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,changsha 410005, China
| | - S D Nie
- Clinical trial research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, changsha 410005, China
| | - P Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,changsha 410005, China
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6
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Liu B, Xiao YT, Cheng YH, Ge YH, Yao QY, Guo W, Chen S, Yin XM, Cheng W, Lyu P. [Laparoscopic surgery in treatment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor in liver: safety and efficacy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:1648-1652. [PMID: 35692016 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211124-02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery for perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). Methods: The clinical data of 42 patients with hepatic PEComa diagnosed by pathology in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2012 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the endoscopic group and the open group according to surgical methods. Statistical software was used to compare the differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pathological data and incidence of complications between the two groups. Results: There were 27 cases in the endoscopic group and 15 cases in the open group. In the endoscopic group, there were 5 males and 22 females, aged (40.0±10.4) years. In the open group, there were 5 males and 10 females, aged (44.5±12.6) years. The operative time of the endoscopic group and the open group was (239±156.2) min and (348±103.0) min, and the postoperative hospital stay was (8.2±2.4) d and (13.7±4.9) d, respectively, the endoscopic group was significantly better than the open group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, tumor benign and malignant, tumor site, tumor diameter, Ki67 index, postoperative complications such as biliary leakage, incision infection and pleural effusion (P>0.05). During the follow-up period of 2-103 months, one case was lost to follow-up, two cases died in the endoscopic group,one case died in the open group. The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and disease-free survival rate (DFS) were 80.8% and 83.0%, respectively. Meanwhile,. The 5-year OS and DFS were both 92.3%, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Laparoscopic treatment of hepatic PEComa has the advantages of short operation time and short postoperative hospital stay, and the incidence of complications, 5-year OS and DFS are not significantly different from that of the open group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Y T Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Y H Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Q Y Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - W Guo
- Department of pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan 528401, China
| | - X M Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - W Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - P Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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7
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Collins KS, Eadon MT, Cheng YH, Barwinska D, Melo Ferreira R, McCarthy TW, Janosevic D, Syed F, Maier B, El-Achkar TM, Kelly KJ, Phillips CL, Hato T, Sutton TA, Dagher PC. Alterations in Protein Translation and Carboxylic Acid Catabolic Processes in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071166. [PMID: 35406730 PMCID: PMC8997785 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease despite decades of study. Alterations in the glomerulus and kidney tubules both contribute to the pathogenesis of DKD although the majority of investigative efforts have focused on the glomerulus. We sought to examine the differential expression signature of human DKD in the glomerulus and proximal tubule and corroborate our findings in the db/db mouse model of diabetes. A transcriptogram network analysis of RNAseq data from laser microdissected (LMD) human glomerulus and proximal tubule of DKD and reference nephrectomy samples revealed enriched pathways including rhodopsin-like receptors, olfactory signaling, and ribosome (protein translation) in the proximal tubule of human DKD biopsy samples. The translation pathway was also enriched in the glomerulus. Increased translation in diabetic kidneys was validated using polyribosomal profiling in the db/db mouse model of diabetes. Using single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) of kidneys from db/db mice, we prioritized additional pathways identified in human DKD. The top overlapping pathway identified in the murine snRNAseq proximal tubule clusters and the human LMD proximal tubule compartment was carboxylic acid catabolism. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, the fatty acid catabolism pathway was also found to be dysregulated in the db/db mouse model. The Acetyl-CoA metabolite was down-regulated in db/db mice, aligning with the human differential expression of the genes ACOX1 and ACACB. In summary, our findings demonstrate that proximal tubular alterations in protein translation and carboxylic acid catabolism are key features in both human and murine DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Collins
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.S.C.); (M.T.E.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Michael T. Eadon
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.S.C.); (M.T.E.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Ricardo Melo Ferreira
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.S.C.); (M.T.E.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Thomas W. McCarthy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Danielle Janosevic
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B. Wells Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Tarek M. El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Katherine J. Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Carrie L. Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Takashi Hato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Timothy A. Sutton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (P.C.D.); Tel.: +1-317-274-7543 (T.A.S.); +1-317-278-2867 (P.C.D.); Fax: 317-274-8575 (T.A.S. & P.C.D.)
| | - Pierre C. Dagher
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.-H.C.); (D.B.); (T.W.M.); (D.J.); (B.M.); (T.M.E.-A.); (K.J.K.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (P.C.D.); Tel.: +1-317-274-7543 (T.A.S.); +1-317-278-2867 (P.C.D.); Fax: 317-274-8575 (T.A.S. & P.C.D.)
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8
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Liu B, Cheng YH, Ge YH, He ZL, Chen C, Yang PZ, Chen MF, Zhou LX, Nie SD, Lyu P. [Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: report of 5 cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:3506-3508. [PMID: 34775710 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210509-01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of 5 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were analyzed. It was found that the clinical characteristics of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were very similar to that of gallbladder malignant tumor, and it was difficult to differentiate. Ultrasound guided gallbladder needle biopsy can confirm the diagnosis before surgery. Surgery is still the first choice of treatment. Since laparoscopic surgery has obvious advantages over open surgery, it is recommended to be preferentially used. If the tumor is under T2 stage and has no aggressive metastasis, the prognosis is generally good.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Y H Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Z L He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - P Z Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - M F Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - L X Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - S D Nie
- Clinical Trial Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - P Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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9
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Melo Ferreira R, Sabo AR, Winfree S, Collins KS, Janosevic D, Gulbronson CJ, Cheng YH, Casbon L, Barwinska D, Ferkowicz MJ, Xuei X, Zhang C, Dunn KW, Kelly KJ, Sutton TA, Hato T, Dagher PC, El-Achkar TM, Eadon MT. Integration of spatial and single-cell transcriptomics localizes epithelial cell-immune cross-talk in kidney injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147703. [PMID: 34003797 PMCID: PMC8262485 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing studies have characterized the transcriptomic signature of cell types within the kidney. However, the spatial distribution of acute kidney injury (AKI) is regional and affects cells heterogeneously. We first optimized coordination of spatial transcriptomics and single-nuclear sequencing data sets, mapping 30 dominant cell types to a human nephrectomy. The predicted cell-type spots corresponded with the underlying histopathology. To study the implications of AKI on transcript expression, we then characterized the spatial transcriptomic signature of 2 murine AKI models: ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Localized regions of reduced overall expression were associated with injury pathways. Using single-cell sequencing, we deconvoluted the signature of each spatial transcriptomic spot, identifying patterns of colocalization between immune and epithelial cells. Neutrophils infiltrated the renal medulla in the ischemia model. Atf3 was identified as a chemotactic factor in S3 proximal tubules. In the CLP model, infiltrating macrophages dominated the outer cortical signature, and Mdk was identified as a corresponding chemotactic factor. The regional distribution of these immune cells was validated with multiplexed CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX) immunofluorescence. Spatial transcriptomic sequencing complemented single-cell sequencing by uncovering mechanisms driving immune cell infiltration and detection of relevant cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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10
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Ferkowicz MJ, Winfree S, Sabo AR, Kamocka MM, Khochare S, Barwinska D, Eadon MT, Cheng YH, Phillips CL, Sutton TA, Kelly KJ, Dagher PC, El-Achkar TM, Dunn KW. Large-scale, three-dimensional tissue cytometry of the human kidney: a complete and accessible pipeline. J Transl Med 2021; 101:661-676. [PMID: 33408350 PMCID: PMC8363780 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of personalized medicine has driven the development of novel approaches for obtaining detailed cellular and molecular information from clinical tissue samples. Tissue cytometry is a promising new technique that can be used to enumerate and characterize each cell in a tissue and, unlike flow cytometry and other single-cell techniques, does so in the context of the intact tissue, preserving spatial information that is frequently crucial to understanding a cell's physiology, function, and behavior. However, the wide-scale adoption of tissue cytometry as a research tool has been limited by the fact that published examples utilize specialized techniques that are beyond the capabilities of most laboratories. Here we describe a complete and accessible pipeline, including methods of sample preparation, microscopy, image analysis, and data analysis for large-scale three-dimensional tissue cytometry of human kidney tissues. In this workflow, multiphoton microscopy of unlabeled tissue is first conducted to collect autofluorescence and second-harmonic images. The tissue is then labeled with eight fluorescent probes, and imaged using spectral confocal microscopy. The raw 16-channel images are spectrally deconvolved into 8-channel images, and analyzed using the Volumetric Tissue Exploration and Analysis (VTEA) software developed by our group. We applied this workflow to analyze millimeter-scale tissue samples obtained from human nephrectomies and from renal biopsies from individuals diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy, generating a quantitative census of tens of thousands of cells in each. Such analyses can provide useful insights that can be linked to the biology or pathology of kidney disease. The approach utilizes common laboratory techniques, is compatible with most commercially-available confocal microscope systems and all image and data analysis is conducted using the VTEA image analysis software, which is available as a plug-in for ImageJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela R Sabo
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Suraj Khochare
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Division of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Timothy A Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Katherine J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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11
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Eadon MT, Lampe S, Baig MM, Collins KS, Melo Ferreira R, Mang H, Cheng YH, Barwinska D, El-Achkar TM, Schwantes-An TH, Winfree S, Temm CJ, Ferkowicz MJ, Dunn KW, Kelly KJ, Sutton TA, Moe SM, Moorthi RN, Phillips CL, Dagher PC. Clinical, histopathologic and molecular features of idiopathic and diabetic nodular mesangial sclerosis in humans. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:72-84. [PMID: 33537765 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic nodular mesangial sclerosis, also called idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis (ING), is a rare clinical entity with an unclear pathogenesis. The hallmark of this disease is the presence of nodular mesangial sclerosis on histology without clinical evidence of diabetes mellitus or other predisposing diagnoses. To achieve insights into its pathogenesis, we queried the clinical, histopathologic and transcriptomic features of ING and nodular diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS All renal biopsy reports accessioned at Indiana University Health from 2001 to 2016 were reviewed to identify 48 ING cases. Clinical and histopathologic features were compared between individuals with ING and DN (n = 751). Glomeruli of ING (n = 5), DN (n = 18) and reference (REF) nephrectomy (n = 9) samples were isolated by laser microdissection and RNA was sequenced. Immunohistochemistry of proline-rich 36 (PRR36) protein was performed. RESULTS ING subjects were frequently hypertensive (95.8%) with a smoking history (66.7%). ING subjects were older, had lower proteinuria and had less hyaline arteriolosclerosis than DN subjects. Butanoate metabolism was an enriched pathway in ING samples compared with either REF or DN samples. The top differentially expressed gene, PRR36, had increased expression in glomeruli 248-fold [false discovery rate (FDR) P = 5.93 × 10-6] compared with the REF and increased 109-fold (FDR P = 1.85 × 10-6) compared with DN samples. Immunohistochemistry revealed a reduced proportion of cells with perinuclear reaction in ING samples as compared to DN. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar clinical and histopathologic characteristics in ING and DN, the uncovered transcriptomic signature suggests that ING has distinct molecular features from nodular DN. Further study is warranted to understand these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sam Lampe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mirza M Baig
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kimberly S Collins
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ricardo Melo Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry Mang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Constance J Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy A Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Barwinska D, El-Achkar TM, Melo Ferreira R, Syed F, Cheng YH, Winfree S, Ferkowicz MJ, Hato T, Collins KS, Dunn KW, Kelly KJ, Sutton TA, Rovin BH, Parikh SV, Phillips CL, Dagher PC, Eadon MT. Molecular characterization of the human kidney interstitium in health and disease. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/7/eabd3359. [PMID: 33568476 PMCID: PMC7875540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The gene expression signature of the human kidney interstitium is incompletely understood. The cortical interstitium (excluding tubules, glomeruli, and vessels) in reference nephrectomies (N = 9) and diabetic kidney biopsy specimens (N = 6) was laser microdissected (LMD) and sequenced. Samples underwent RNA sequencing. Gene signatures were deconvolved using single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data derived from overlapping specimens. Interstitial LMD transcriptomics uncovered previously unidentified markers including KISS1, validated with in situ hybridization. LMD transcriptomics and snRNAseq revealed strong correlation of gene expression within corresponding kidney regions. Relevant enriched interstitial pathways included G-protein coupled receptor. binding and collagen biosynthesis. The diabetic interstitium was enriched for extracellular matrix organization and small-molecule catabolism. Cell type markers with unchanged expression (NOTCH3, EGFR, and HEG1) and those down-regulated in diabetic nephropathy (MYH11, LUM, and CCDC3) were identified. LMD transcriptomics complements snRNAseq; together, they facilitate mapping of interstitial marker genes to aid interpretation of pathophysiology in precision medicine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ricardo Melo Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael J Ferkowicz
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kimberly S Collins
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Katherine J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Timothy A Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OH 433210, USA
| | - Samir V Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OH 433210, USA
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Division of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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13
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Janosevic D, Myslinski J, McCarthy TW, Zollman A, Syed F, Xuei X, Gao H, Liu YL, Collins KS, Cheng YH, Winfree S, El-Achkar TM, Maier B, Melo Ferreira R, Eadon MT, Hato T, Dagher PC. The orchestrated cellular and molecular responses of the kidney to endotoxin define a precise sepsis timeline. eLife 2021; 10:62270. [PMID: 33448928 PMCID: PMC7810465 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dynamic state that progresses at variable rates and has life-threatening consequences. Staging patients along the sepsis timeline requires a thorough knowledge of the evolution of cellular and molecular events at the tissue level. Here, we investigated the kidney, an organ central to the pathophysiology of sepsis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing in a murine endotoxemia model revealed the involvement of various cell populations to be temporally organized and highly orchestrated. Endothelial and stromal cells were the first responders. At later time points, epithelial cells upregulated immune-related pathways while concomitantly downregulating physiological functions such as solute homeostasis. Sixteen hours after endotoxin, there was global cell–cell communication failure and organ shutdown. Despite this apparent organ paralysis, upstream regulatory analysis showed significant activity in pathways involved in healing and recovery. This rigorous spatial and temporal definition of murine endotoxemia will uncover precise biomarkers and targets that can help stage and treat human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Janosevic
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Jered Myslinski
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Thomas W McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Amy Zollman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Yun-Long Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Kimberly S Collins
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Roudebush Indianapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Ricardo Melo Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.,Roudebush Indianapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, United States
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14
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Lu B, Li JY, Sun MJ, Chen B, Chen P, Cheng YH, Huang JF. [The malignant phenotype of calcineurin B homologous protein 2 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3694-3701. [PMID: 33342147 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200421-01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the expression and clinical significance of calcineurin B homologous protein 2 (CHP2) in gastric cancer (GC) and its effect on malignant phenotype of GC cells. Methods: The protein expression of CHP2 in 297 GC tissue and 198 normal gastric tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of CHP2 and clinicopathologic parameters of GC were analyzed. CHP2-overexpression plasmids and CHP2-interference plasmids were transfected into GC cell lines respectively. Wound healing assay and Transwell experiment was used to detect the invasion and migration ability of GC cells, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect the proliferation ability of GC cells. Results: The positive expression rate of CHP2 in GC was 68.7% (204/297), which was higher in benign margin (34.1%) (31/91), chronic gastritis (59.1%) (13/22), intestinal metaplasia (34.2%) (13/38), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (40.0%) (12/30) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (41.2%)(7/17). The positive expression of CHP2 was correlated with tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (all P<0.05), but not with gender, age, Laurén classification, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels, depth of invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and CEA 19-9 level (all P>0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that high expression of CHP2 and TNM stage were both independent parameters for predicting GC patient prognosis (both P<0.05). Interference of CHP2 expression in HGC-27 cells suppressed proliferation and migration significantly (P<0.05). However, over-expression CHP2 in AGS cells promoted proliferation, and migration significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: CHP2 plays an important role in the development of GC, which is expected to be a molecular marker for patient prognosis and a potential target of targeted therapy for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - J Y Li
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - M J Sun
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - B Chen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - P Chen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - J F Huang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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15
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Ni P, Clinkenbeard EL, Noonan ML, Richardville JM, McClintick J, Hato T, Janosevic D, Cheng YH, El-Achkar TM, Eadon MT, Dagher PC, White KE. Targeting fibroblast growth factor 23-responsive pathways uncovers controlling genes in kidney mineral metabolism. Kidney Int 2020; 99:598-608. [PMID: 33159963 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that reduces kidney phosphate reabsorption and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D synthesis via its required co-receptor alpha-Klotho. To identify novel genes that could serve as targets to control FGF23-mediated mineral metabolism, gene array and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed in wild type mouse kidneys. Gene array demonstrated that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) was significantly up-regulated following one-hour FGF23 treatment of wild type mice. Mice injected with HBEGF had phenotypes consistent with partial FGF23-mimetic activity including robust induction of Egr1, and increased Cyp24a1 mRNAs. Single cell RNA sequencing showed overlapping HBEGF and EGF-receptor expression mostly in the proximal tubule, and alpha-Klotho expression in proximal and distal tubule segments. In alpha-Klotho-null mice devoid of canonical FGF23 signaling, HBEGF injections significantly increased Egr1 and Cyp24a1 with correction of basally elevated Cyp27b1. Additionally, mice placed on a phosphate deficient diet to suppress FGF23 had endogenously increased Cyp27b1 mRNA, which was rescued in mice receiving HBEGF. In HEK293 cells with stable alpha-Klotho expression, FGF23 and HBEGF increased CYP24A1 mRNA expression. HBEGF, but not FGF23 bioactivity was blocked with EGF-receptor inhibition. Thus, our findings support that the paracrine/autocrine factor HBEGF could play novel roles in controlling genes downstream of FGF23 via targeting common signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Ni
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan L Noonan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joseph M Richardville
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Danielle Janosevic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth E White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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16
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Barwinska D, Ferkowicz MJ, Cheng YH, Winfree S, Dunn KW, Kelly KJ, Sutton TA, Rovin BH, Parikh SV, Phillips CL, Dagher PC, El-Achkar TM, Eadon MT. Application of Laser Microdissection to Uncover Regional Transcriptomics in Human Kidney Tissue. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32597856 DOI: 10.3791/61371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression analysis of human kidney tissue is an important tool to understand homeostasis and disease pathophysiology. Increasing the resolution and depth of this technology and extending it to the level of cells within the tissue is needed. Although the use of single nuclear and single cell RNA sequencing has become widespread, the expression signatures of cells obtained from tissue dissociation do not maintain spatial context. Laser microdissection (LMD) based on specific fluorescent markers would allow the isolation of specific structures and cell groups of interest with known localization, thereby enabling the acquisition of spatially-anchored transcriptomic signatures in kidney tissue. We have optimized an LMD methodology, guided by a rapid fluorescence-based stain, to isolate five distinct compartments within the human kidney and conduct subsequent RNA sequencing from valuable human kidney tissue specimens. We also present quality control parameters to enable the assessment of adequacy of the collected specimens. The workflow outlined in this manuscript shows the feasibility of this approach to isolate sub-segmental transcriptomic signatures with high confidence. The methodological approach presented here may also be applied to other tissue types with substitution of relevant antibody markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Barwinska
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Samir V Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | | | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine;
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Collins KS, Cheng YH, Ferreira RM, Gao H, Dollins MD, Janosevic D, Khan NA, White C, Dagher PC, Eadon MT. Interindividual Variability in Lymphocyte Stimulation and Transcriptomic Response Predicts Mycophenolic Acid Sensitivity in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:1137-1149. [PMID: 32415749 PMCID: PMC7719379 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant commonly used to prevent renal transplant rejection and treat glomerulonephritis. MPA inhibits IMPDH2 within stimulated lymphocytes, reducing guanosine synthesis. Despite the widespread use of MPA, interindividual variability in response remains with rates of allograft rejection up to 15% and approximately half of individuals fail to achieve complete remission to lupus nephritis. We sought to identify contributors to interindividual variability in MPA response, hypothesizing that the HPRT1 salvage guanosine synthesis contributes to variability. MPA sensitivity was measured in 40 healthy individuals using an ex vivo lymphocyte viability assay. Measurement of candidate gene expression (n ± 40) and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (n ± 6) in lymphocytes was performed at baseline, poststimulation, and post‐MPA treatment. After stimulation, HPRT1 expression was 2.1‐fold higher in resistant individuals compared with sensitive individuals (P ± 0.049). Knockdown of HPRT1 increased MPA sensitivity (12%; P ± 0.003), consistent with higher expression levels in resistant individuals. Sensitive individuals had higher IMPDH2 expression and 132% greater stimulation. In lymphocyte subpopulations, differentially expressed genes between sensitive and resistant individuals included KLF2 and LTB. Knockdown of KLF2 and LTB aligned with the predicted direction of effect on proliferation. In sensitive individuals, more frequent receptor‐ligand interactions were observed after stimulation (P ± 0.0004), but fewer interactions remained after MPA treatment (P ± 0.0014). These data identify a polygenic transcriptomic signature in lymphocyte subpopulations predictive of MPA response. The degree of lymphocyte stimulation, HPRT1, KLF2, and LTB expression may serve as markers of MPA efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ricardo M Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew D Dollins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Danielle Janosevic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nida A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chloe White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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18
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Alvarez MB, Xu L, Childress PJ, Maupin KA, Mohamad SF, Chitteti BR, Himes E, Olivos DJ, Cheng YH, Conway SJ, Srour EF, Kacena MA. Megakaryocyte and Osteoblast Interactions Modulate Bone Mass and Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:671-682. [PMID: 29631496 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that megakaryocytes (MK) play key roles in regulating skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis. To test if the loss of MK negatively impacts osteoblastogenesis and hematopoiesis, we generated conditional knockout mice where Mpl, the receptor for the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin, was deleted specifically in MK (Mplf/f;PF4cre). Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, these mice exhibited a 10-fold increase in platelets, a significant expansion of hematopoietic/mesenchymal precursors, and a remarkable 20-fold increase in femoral midshaft bone volume. We then investigated whether MK support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through the interaction of MK with osteoblasts (OB). LSK cells (Lin-Sca1+CD117+, enriched HSC population) were co-cultured with OB+MK for 1 week (1wk OB+MK+LSK) or OB alone (1wk OB+LSK). A significant increase in colony-forming units was observed with cells from 1wk OB+MK cultures. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrated significantly higher engraftment in mice transplanted with cells from 1wk OB+MK+LSK cultures compared to 1wk OB+LSK or LSK cultured alone for 1 week. Furthermore, single-cell expression analysis of OB cultured±MK revealed adiponectin as the most significantly upregulated MK-induced gene, which is required for optimal long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Understanding the interactions between MK, OB, and HSC can inform the development of novel treatments to enhance both HSC recovery following myelosuppressive injuries, as well as bone loss diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Alvarez
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - LinLin Xu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul J Childress
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Evan Himes
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David J Olivos
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Simon J Conway
- 3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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19
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Chen YJ, Wang YX, Luo Y, Cheng YH, Cao WC, Lu WQ. [Exposure to disinfection by-products during gestation and newborns' small for gestational age]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:885-891. [PMID: 30196633 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the associations between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (CDBPs) during gestation and newborns' small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: During April 2010 to July 2012, a total of 3 903 pregnant women who lived in a district with the same water treatment plant in Wuhan, China were recruited to this perspective study. Information about demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their newborns was collected. The tap water samples were monthly collected for 28 months in 3 different sites, with 84 samples, and 4 kinds of trihalomethanes (THMs)(chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)) and 2 kinds of chlorohaloacetic acids (HAAs) (trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA)) were determined. The pregnant women were divided into 4 groups(Q1 to Q4) by quartile method according to their exposure level of CDBPs. Binary Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between exposure to CDBPs during gestation and newborns' small for gestational age. Results: The average weight of all the newborns was (3 310.19±389.91) g, of which 169 (4.33%) were SGA. The median concentrations of TCM, BDCM, bromo-THMs, total THMs, TCAA, and DCAA during the whole pregnancy were 18.07, 4.93, 8.51, 26.74, 10.65, and 13.77 μg/L, respectively. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed dose-response relationships between elevated TCM and total THMs during the whole gestation and compared with Q1 group, while there was a increased risk of SGA in Q4 group, and OR(95%CI) was 1.87 (1.01-3.49) , 2.30 (1.22-4.35) , respectively (P for trend equaled to 0.044, 0.015). Compare with Q1 group, there also be positive associations between exposure to TCAA (Q4 group) during first-trimester and the whole gestation and SGA, while OR(95%CI) was 2.16 (1.19-3.91) (P for trend equaled to 0.015). Conclusion: Exposure to CDBPs during gestation might increase the risk of newborns' SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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20
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Olivos DJ, Perrien DS, Hooker A, Cheng YH, Fuchs RK, Hong JM, Bruzzaniti A, Chun K, Eischen CM, Kacena MA, Mayo LD. The proto-oncogene function of Mdm2 in bone. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8830-8840. [PMID: 30011084 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) is a multifaceted oncoprotein that is highly regulated with distinct domains capable of cellular transformation. Loss of Mdm2 is embryonically lethal, making it difficult to study in a mouse model without additional genetic alterations. Global overexpression through increased Mdm2 gene copy number (Mdm2Tg ) results in the development of hematopoietic neoplasms and sarcomas in adult animals. In these mice, we found an increase in osteoblastogenesis, differentiation, and a high bone mass phenotype. Since it was difficult to discern the cell lineage that generated this phenotype, we generated osteoblast-specific Mdm2 overexpressing (Mdm2TgOb ) mice in 2 different strains, C57BL/6 and DBA. These mice did not develop malignancies; however, these animals and the MG63 human osteosarcoma cell line with high levels of Mdm2 showed an increase in bone mineralization. Importantly, overexpression of Mdm2 corrected age-related bone loss in mice, providing a role for the proto-oncogenic activity of Mdm2 in bone health of adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Olivos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daniel S Perrien
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Adam Hooker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robyn K Fuchs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kristin Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey D Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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21
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Han JC, Chen GH, Zhang JL, Wang JG, Qu HX, Yan YF, Yang XJ, Cheng YH. Relative biological value of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in broiler chicken diets. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2330-2335. [PMID: 28339866 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the relative biological value (RBV) of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OH-D3) to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) in one- to 21-day-old broiler chickens fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the d of hatch, 450 male Ross 308 broiler chickens were weighed and randomly allotted to 9 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) but was not supplemented with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). The levels of Ca and NPP in basal diets were lower than those recommended by NRC (1994). 25-OH-D3 was fed at zero, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg, and 1α-OH-D3 was fed at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/kg. The RBV of 1α-OH-D3 to 25-OH-D3 based on vitamin D intake was determined by the slope ratio method. Results showed that 25-OH-D3 or 1α-OH-D3 improved the growth performance and decreased the mortality in one- to 21-day-old broilers. A linear relationship was observed between the level of 25-OH-D3 or 1α-OH-D3 and mineralization of the femur, tibia, or metatarsus. The RBV of 1α-OH-D3 to 25-OH-D3 were 234, 253, and 202% when the weight, ash weight, and Ca percentage of femur were used as criteria. The corresponding RBV of 1α-OH-D3 to 25-OH-D3 were 232 to 263% and 245 to 267%, respectively, when tibia and metatarsus mineralization were used as criteria. These data indicate that when directly feeding a hormonally active form of vitamin D as 1α-OH-D3 proportionally less is needed than when using the precursor (25-OH-D3) in diets deficient in Ca and P.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - G H Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J G Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H X Qu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Y F Yan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - X J Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Taiwan
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22
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Williams JN, Kambrath AV, Patel RB, Kang KS, Mével E, Li Y, Cheng YH, Pucylowski AJ, Hassert MA, Voor MJ, Kacena MA, Thompson WR, Warden SJ, Burr DB, Allen MR, Robling AG, Sankar U. Inhibition of CaMKK2 Enhances Fracture Healing by Stimulating Indian Hedgehog Signaling and Accelerating Endochondral Ossification. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:930-944. [PMID: 29314250 PMCID: PMC6549722 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of all bone fractures do not heal, resulting in patient morbidity and healthcare costs. However, no pharmacological treatments are currently available to promote efficient bone healing. Inhibition of Ca2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) reverses age-associated loss of trabecular and cortical bone volume and strength in mice. In the current study, we investigated the role of CaMKK2 in bone fracture healing and show that its pharmacological inhibition using STO-609 accelerates early cellular and molecular events associated with endochondral ossification, resulting in a more rapid and efficient healing of the fracture. Within 7 days postfracture, treatment with STO-609 resulted in enhanced Indian hedgehog signaling, paired-related homeobox (PRX1)-positive mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment, and chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy, along with elevated expression of osterix, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type 1 collagen at the fracture callus. Early deposition of primary bone by osteoblasts resulted in STO-609-treated mice possessing significantly higher callus bone volume by 14 days following fracture. Subsequent rapid maturation of the bone matrix bestowed fractured bones in STO-609-treated animals with significantly higher torsional strength and stiffness by 28 days postinjury, indicating accelerated healing of the fracture. Previous studies indicate that fixed and closed femoral fractures in the mice take 35 days to fully heal without treatment. Therefore, our data suggest that STO-609 potentiates a 20% acceleration of the bone healing process. Moreover, inhibiting CaMKK2 also imparted higher mechanical strength and stiffness at the contralateral cortical bone within 4 weeks of treatment. Taken together, the data presented here underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting CaMKK2 to promote efficacious and rapid healing of bone fractures and as a mechanism to strengthen normal bones. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N. Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Roshni B. Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyung Shin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elsa Mével
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Austin J Pucylowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mariah A. Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Voor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - William R. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Stuart J. Warden
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David B. Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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23
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Zhang YJ, Cheng YH, Guo LX, Wang NQ, Liu H. [Expression of succinate dehydrogenase subunit protein in succinate dehydrogenase-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2018; 47:252-257. [PMID: 29690663 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit protein in succinate dehydrogenase-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (SDH-deficient GISTs). Methods: Three hundred fifty-two cases of GISTs were collected from January 2003 to January 2017 at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and West China Hospital of Sichuan University.The expression of succinate dehydrogenase subunit protein was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision technique in 352 cases of GISTs, and the negative cases were analyzed for clinicopathologic features and outcome. The gene segments of CKIT exons 9, 11, 13 and 17 and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 were amplified and detected in SDH-deficient (negative) cases. Results: A total of 15 SDHB-deficient (negative) GISTs (4.3%, 15/352) were found among 352 cases of GISTs. Six patients were male and nine were female. The age of initial diagnosis ranged from 15 to 84 years (median=53 years, mean=47 years). The tumor involved stomach (14 cases) and mesentery (1 case). The tumor sizes varied from 0.5 cm to 15.0 cm (mean=6.9 cm). There were six, six and three cases of epithelioid, mixed and spindle cell types respectively. Eight cases showed multi-nodularity in the wall of stomach. Metastasis to lymph node was noted in four cases, one case showed intraperitoneal implantation metastasis. Metastases to liver, pancreas and lymph node were found in one case, and one case showed vascular invasion. Among SDHB-deficient GISTs, two SDHA-deficient (negative) cases were found (0.6%, 2/352), but there were no SDHC and SDHD deficient (negative) cases. Five of the fifteen SDH-deficient GISTs had follow-up data: one patient died 8 months after surgery from unknown cause, four had no recurrences or metastases, and there was no history of paraganglioma and pulmonary chondroma found in patients and their families. No mutation in CKIT and PDGFRA gene was identified in 15 cases of SDH-deficient GISTs. Conclusion: SDH-deficient GISTs have unique clinicopathologic features and a favorable prognosis, and a small proportion of cases are SDHA-deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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24
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Yeh SW, Cheng YH, Nan FN, Wen CM. Characterization and virus susceptibility of a continuous cell line derived from the brain of Aequidens rivulatus (Günther). J Fish Dis 2018; 41:635-641. [PMID: 29399816 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell cultures derived from the brain tissues of Aequidens rivulatus (Günther) have been characterized previously. In this study, a continuous cell line ARB8 was further established, and its growth characteristics, transcription and susceptibility to fish viruses-including chum salmon reovirus (CSV), marbled eel infectious pancreative necrosis virus (MEIPNV), grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV), giant seaperch iridovirus (GSIV), red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), koi herpesvirus (KHV), herpesvirus anguilla (HVA) and marbled eel polyoma-like virus (MEPyV)-were examined. ARB8 cells that showed epithelioid morphology and were passaged >80 times grew well at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C in L-15 medium containing 5%-15% foetal bovine serum. The cells constitutively transcribed connexion 43, glutamine synthetase, nestin and nkx6-2, which are markers for neural progenitor cells. The cells were highly susceptible to CSV, MEIPNV, GSIV and RSIV and showed the typical cytopathic effect (CPE). However, the cells were resistant to GNNV, KHV, HVA and MEPyV because no significant CPE was noted after infection. Optimal temperatures for virus production ranged from 25°C to 30°C. The results revealed that the neural progenitor cell line ARB8 can potentially serve as a useful tool for investigating fish viruses and isolating new viruses in ornamental cichlid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - F N Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - C M Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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25
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Olivos DJ, Alvarez M, Cheng YH, Hooker RA, Ciovacco WA, Bethel M, McGough H, Yim C, Chitteti BR, Eleniste PP, Horowitz MC, Srour EF, Bruzzaniti A, Fuchs RK, Kacena MA. Lnk Deficiency Leads to TPO-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Increased Bone Mass Phenotype. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2231-2240. [PMID: 28067429 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Lnk adapter protein negatively regulates the signaling of thrombopoietin (TPO), the main megakaryocyte (MK) growth factor. Lnk-deficient (-/-) mice have increased TPO signaling and increased MK number. Interestingly, several mouse models exist in which increased MK number leads to a high bone mass phenotype. Here we report the bone phenotype of these mice. MicroCT and static histomorphometric analyses at 20 weeks showed the distal femur of Lnk-/- mice to have significantly higher bone volume fraction and trabecular number compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, despite a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts (OC), and decreased bone formation rate in Lnk-/- mice compared to WT mice, Lnk-/- mice demonstrated a 2.5-fold greater BV/TV suggesting impaired OC function in vivo. Additionally, Lnk-/- mouse femurs exhibited non-significant increases in mid-shaft cross-sectional area, yet increased periosteal BFR compared to WT femurs was observed. Lnk-/- femurs also had non-significant increases in polar moment of inertia and decreased cortical bone area and thickness, resulting in reduced bone stiffness, modulus, and strength compared to WT femurs. Of note, Lnk is expressed by OC lineage cells and when Lnk-/- OC progenitors are cultured in the presence of TPO, significantly more OC are observed than in WT cultures. Lnk is also expressed in osteoblast (OB) cells and in vitro reduced alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in Lnk-/- cultures. These data suggest that both direct effects on OB and OC as well as indirect effects of MK in regulating OB contributes to the observed high bone mass. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2231-2240, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Olivos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marta Alvarez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard Adam Hooker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wendy A Ciovacco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Monique Bethel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Haley McGough
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christopher Yim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robyn K Fuchs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Abstract
Entanglements in energized equipment, including augers found in agricultural workplaces, have historically been a significant cause of traumatic injury. Incidents involving augers located inside agricultural confined spaces (primarily grain storage structures and forage silos), although relatively rare events, are a widely recognized problem due to the relative severity of the resulting injuries and the complexities of victim extrication. However, this problem is neither well documented nor elucidated in the research literature, other than anecdotal observations relating to medical treatment of auger-related injuries and citations for non-compliance with federal and state workplace safety regulations. A review of nearly 1,650 cases documented in the Purdue Agricultural Confined Spaces Incident Database from 1964 to 2013 identified 167 incidents involving entanglement in an energized auger that occurred while the victim was working inside an agricultural confined space. These incidents primarily included in-floor unloading augers, sweep augers, stirring augers, and auger components found on silo unloaders. Cases involving portable tube augers used to handle grain outside grain storage structures were not included. Based on analysis of the data, approximately 98% of known victims were male, with the 21-45 age group reporting the largest number of incidents. Nearly one-third (32.3%) of incidents were fatal, and lower limb amputation was the most frequently reported injury type. (It is believed that non-fatal incidents are grossly under-reported in the data set due to a lack of comprehensive reporting requirements, especially for most farms, feedlots, and seed processing operations, which are generally exempt from compliance with OSHA machine guarding, confined-space, and grain-handling standards.) The type of auger identified most frequently as the agent of injury was the exposed in-floor auger (48), which frequently resulted in amputation of one or more lower limbs when the victim stepped into an unguarded opening or well in the floor of the confined space. The primary reason identified as to why workers were exposed to energized augers in the cases documented was to assist in the removal of residual or out-of-condition grain. The large number of cases involving augers on top-unloading silo unloaders (36) was not anticipated. Silo unloaders also accounted for the largest number of documented fatalities (15). This analysis is the first known attempt to provide a better understanding of the frequency, severity, and causative factors of these incidents. Those key causative factors were found to be: (1) lack of or inadequate guarding, (2) unintentional energizing of components due to a lack of lockout/tagout training and provisions, and (3) exposure of untrained or inexperienced workers to energized and unguarded components during procedures to remove residual grain or other agricultural crops from storage structures. It is hoped that the results and recommendations presented will raise awareness of the hazards related to using energized equipment in confined spaces as well as contribute to development of new evidenced-based educational resources, engineering safety standards, and workplace safety regulations.
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Cheng YH, Wen CM, Dybus A, Proskura WS. Fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v46i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Eleniste PP, Patel V, Posritong S, Zero O, Largura H, Cheng YH, Himes ER, Hamilton M, Ekwealor JTB, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Pyk2 and Megakaryocytes Regulate Osteoblast Differentiation and Migration Via Distinct and Overlapping Mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1396-406. [PMID: 26552846 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation and migration are necessary for bone formation during bone remodeling. Mice lacking the proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 (Pyk2-KO) have increased bone mass, in part due to increased osteoblast proliferation. Megakaryocytes (MKs), the platelet-producing cells, also promote osteoblast proliferation in vitro and bone-formation in vivo via a pathway that involves Pyk2. In the current study, we examined the mechanism of action of Pyk2, and the role of MKs, on osteoblast differentiation and migration. We found that Pyk2-KO osteoblasts express elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and osteocalcin mRNA levels as well as increased ALP activity, and mineralization, confirming that Pyk2 negatively regulates osteoblast function. Since Pyk2 Y402 phosphorylation is important for its catalytic activity and for its protein-scaffolding functions, we expressed the phosphorylation-mutant (Pyk2(Y402F) ) and kinase-mutant (Pyk2(K457A) ) in Pyk2-KO osteoblasts. Both Pyk2(Y402F) and Pyk2(K457A) reduced ALP activity, whereas only kinase-inactive Pyk2(K457A) inhibited Pyk2-KO osteoblast migration. Consistent with a role for Pyk2 on ALP activity, co-culture of MKs with osteoblasts led to a decrease in the level of phosphorylated Pyk2 (pY402) as well as a decrease in ALP activity. Although, Pyk2-KO osteoblasts exhibited increased migration compared to wild-type osteoblasts, Pyk2 expression was not required necessary for the ability of MKs to stimulate osteoblast migration. Together, these data suggest that osteoblast differentiation and migration are inversely regulated by MKs via distinct Pyk2-dependent and independent signaling pathways. Novel drugs that distinguish between the kinase-dependent or protein-scaffolding functions of Pyk2 may provide therapeutic specificity for the control of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Vruti Patel
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sumana Posritong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Odette Zero
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Largura
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Evan R Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew Hamilton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jenna T B Ekwealor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Han JC, Ma K, Wang JG, Chen GH, Zhang JL, Qu HX, Yan YF, Cheng YH. Effects of Non-phytate Phosphorus and 1a-Hydroxycholecalciferol on Growth Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chickens. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1704503-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Han
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - K Ma
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - JG Wang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - GH Chen
- Shangqiu Normal University, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - JL Zhang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - HX Qu
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - YF Yan
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - YH Cheng
- National Ilan University, Taiwan
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30
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Cheng YH, Chen CH, Yu KY, Hsueh WJ. Extraordinary light absorptance in graphene superlattices. Opt Express 2015; 23:28755-28760. [PMID: 26561144 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.028755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Extraordinary absorption decrease in graphene superlattices in the visible range is presented. Due to competition between loss and resonant reflection at resonance, the absorption displays non-monotonic behavior. As the period number increases above a certain critical value, absorption decreases with the increase in the period number. This is in contrast to ordinary absorption for a non-resonant condition, which monotonically increases with the period number. Moreover, this extraordinary property can also be controlled by applying a gate voltage to graphene sheets. The results provide not only a new understanding of graphene physics but also an application in nanophotonics and optoelectronics.
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Han JC, Chen GH, Wang JG, Zhang JL, Qu HX, Zhang CM, Yan YF, Cheng YH. Evaluation of Relative Bioavailability of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol to Cholecalciferol for Broiler Chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:1145-51. [PMID: 26954155 PMCID: PMC4932568 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the day of hatch, 450 female Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to nine treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and was not supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin D3 was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg/kg, and 25-OH-D3 was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg. The RBV of 25-OH-D3 was determined using vitamin D3 as the standard source by the slope ratio method. Vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 intake was used as the independent variable for regression analysis. The linear relationships between the level of vitamin D3 or 25-OH-D3 and body weight gain (BWG) and the weight, length, ash weight, and the percentage of ash, Ca, and P in femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chickens were observed. Using BWG as the criterion, the RBV value of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 was 1.85. Using the mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus as criteria, the RBV of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 ranged from 1.82 to 2.45, 1.86 to 2.52, and 1.65 to 2.05, respectively. These data indicate that 25-OH-D3 is approximately 2.03 times as active as vitamin D3 in promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicken diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - G H Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - J G Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - H X Qu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - C M Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Y F Yan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, I-Lan 26047, Taiwan
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Meijome TE, Ekwealor JTB, Hooker RA, Cheng YH, Ciovacco WA, Balamohan SM, Srinivasan TL, Chitteti BR, Eleniste PP, Horowitz MC, Srour EF, Bruzzaniti A, Fuchs RK, Kacena MA. C-Mpl Is Expressed on Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts and Is Important in Regulating Skeletal Homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:959-69. [PMID: 26375403 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
C-Mpl is the receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO), the main megakaryocyte (MK) growth factor, and c-Mpl is believed to be expressed on cells of the hematopoietic lineage. As MKs have been shown to enhance bone formation, it may be expected that mice in which c-Mpl was globally knocked out (c-Mpl(-/-) mice) would have decreased bone mass because they have fewer MKs. Instead, c-Mpl(-/-) mice have a higher bone mass than WT controls. Using c-Mpl(-/-) mice we investigated the basis for this discrepancy and discovered that c-Mpl is expressed on both osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs), an unexpected finding that prompted us to examine further how c-Mpl regulates bone. Static and dynamic bone histomorphometry parameters suggest that c-Mpl deficiency results in a net gain in bone volume with increases in OBs and OCs. In vitro, a higher percentage of c-Mpl(-/-) OBs were in active phases of the cell cycle, leading to an increased number of OBs. No difference in OB differentiation was observed in vitro as examined by real-time PCR and functional assays. In co-culture systems, which allow for the interaction between OBs and OC progenitors, c-Mpl(-/-) OBs enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Two of the major signaling pathways by which OBs regulate osteoclastogenesis, MCSF/OPG/RANKL and EphrinB2-EphB2/B4, were unaffected in c-Mpl(-/-) OBs. These data provide new findings for the role of MKs and c-Mpl expression in bone and may provide insight into the homeostatic regulation of bone mass as well as bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E Meijome
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Jenna T B Ekwealor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - R Adam Hooker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Wendy A Ciovacco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sanjeev M Balamohan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Trishya L Srinivasan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | | | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Robyn K Fuchs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana, Indianapolis
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, Indianapolis.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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33
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Tsao CW, Cheng YH, Hsueh WJ. High-order micro-ring resonator with perfect transmission using symmetrical Fibonacci structures. Opt Lett 2015; 40:4237-4240. [PMID: 26371905 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A symmetrical Fibonacci micro-ring resonator (SFMR) has been presented to avoid the coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) bottle, which is a bottle-shaped distribution for high orders in transmission spectra. The SFMR features three advantages that improve filtering quality compared to that provided by traditional periodic micro-ring resonators. First, sharper resonances are obtained by eliminating the CROW bottle from the mini gaps that appear in the major-band region. Second, peaks with perfect transmission are always obtained without a radius and coupling modulation in the mini-band regions and major-band regions. Third, the full width at half-maximum of the band-edge peak decreases with the increasing generation order.
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34
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Han JC, Qu HX, Wang JG, Chen GH, Yan YF, Zhang JL, Hu FM, You LY, Cheng YH. Comparison of the Growth and Mineralization of the Femur, Tibia, and Metatarsus of Broiler Chicks. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1703333-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Han
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - HX Qu
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - JG Wang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - GH Chen
- Shangqiu Normal University, China; Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - YF Yan
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - JL Zhang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - FM Hu
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - LY You
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - YH Cheng
- National Ilan University, Taiwan
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35
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Bethel M, Barnes CLT, Taylor AF, Cheng YH, Chitteti BR, Horowitz MC, Bruzzaniti A, Srour EF, Kacena MA. A novel role for thrombopoietin in regulating osteoclast development in humans and mice. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2142-51. [PMID: 25656774 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that megakaryocytes (MKs) play a significant role in skeletal homeostasis. Indeed, osteosclerosis observed in several MK-related disorders may be a result of increased numbers of MKs. In support of this idea, we have previously demonstrated that MKs increase osteoblast (OB) proliferation by a direct cell-cell contact mechanism and that MKs also inhibit osteoclast (OC) formation. As MKs and OCs are derived from the same hematopoietic precursor, in these osteoclastogenesis studies we examined the role of the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin (TPO) on OC formation and bone resorption. Here we show that TPO directly increases OC formation and differentiation in vitro. Specifically, we demonstrate the TPO receptor (c-mpl or CD110) is expressed on cells of the OC lineage, c-mpl is required for TPO to enhance OC formation in vitro, and TPO activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways, but does not activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further, we found TPO enhances OC resorption in CD14+CD110+ human OC progenitors derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and further separating OC progenitors based on CD110 expression enriches for mature OC development. The regulation of OCs by TPO highlights a novel therapeutic target for bone loss diseases and may be important to consider in the numerous hematologic disorders associated with alterations in TPO/c-mpl signaling as well as in patients suffering from bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bethel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Calvin L T Barnes
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda F Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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36
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Tsao CW, Cheng YH, Hsueh WJ. Sharp resonance with complete transmission in Thue-Morse microring resonators. Opt Express 2015; 23:13613-13618. [PMID: 26074610 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.013613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present sharp resonances with complete transmission in the Thue-Morse microring resonator. The quasi-periodic structure attains a better quality of filtering than the traditional periodic structure. This includes the following: (i) the high-Q resonances with complete transmission are obtained in the transmission spectra, (ii) the maximum value of transmittance always remains 1 for an arbitrary proportion of two different radiuses in the major-band regions, and (iii) the complete transmission occurs for arbitrary coupling in the mini-band regions. Moreover, we propose an analytical method to predict the occurrences of resonance peaks in the mini-band regions based on the gap map.
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Meijome TE, Hooker RA, Cheng YH, Walker W, Horowitz MC, Fuchs RK, Kacena MA. GATA-1 deficiency rescues trabecular but not cortical bone in OPG deficient mice. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:783-90. [PMID: 25205203 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
GATA-1(low/low) mice have an increase in megakaryocytes (MKs) and trabecular bone. The latter is thought to result from MKs directly stimulating osteoblastic bone formation while simultaneously inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and OPG(-/-) mice have reduced trabecular and cortical bone due to increased osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, GATA-1(low/low) mice have increased OPG levels. Here, we sought to determine whether GATA-1 knockdown in OPG(-/-) mice could rescue the observed osteoporotic bone phenotype. GATA-1(low/low) mice were bred with OPG(-/-) mice and bone phenotype assessed. GATA-1(low/low) × OPG(-/-) mice have increased cortical bone porosity, similar to OPG(-/-) mice. Both OPG(-/-) and GATA-1(low/low) × OPG(-/-) mice, were found to have increased osteoclasts localized to cortical bone, possibly producing the observed elevated porosity. Biomechanical assessment indicates that OPG(-/-) and GATA-1(low/low) × OPG(-/-) femurs are weaker and less stiff than C57BL/6 or GATA-1(low/low) femurs. Notably, GATA-1(low/low) × OPG(-/-) mice had trabecular bone parameters that were not different from C57BL/6 values, suggesting that GATA-1 deficiency can partially rescue the trabecular bone loss observed with OPG deficiency. The fact that GATA-1 deficiency appears to be able to partially rescue the trabecular, but not the cortical bone phenotype suggests that MKs can locally enhance trabecular bone volume, but that MK secreted factors cannot access cortical bone sufficiently to inhibit osteoclastogenesis or that OPG itself is required to inhibit osteoclastogenesis in cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E Meijome
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Cheng YH, Streicher DA, Waning DL, Chitteti BR, Gerard-O'Riley R, Horowitz MC, Bidwell JP, Pavalko FM, Srour EF, Mayo LD, Kacena MA. Signaling pathways involved in megakaryocyte-mediated proliferation of osteoblast lineage cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:578-86. [PMID: 25160801 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that megakaryocytes (MKs) may play a significant role in skeletal homeostasis, as evident by the occurrence of osteosclerosis in multiple MK related diseases (Lennert et al., 1975; Thiele et al., 1999; Chagraoui et al., 2006). We previously reported a novel interaction whereby MKs enhanced proliferation of osteoblast lineage/osteoprogenitor cells (OBs) by a mechanism requiring direct cell-cell contact. However, the signal transduction pathways and the downstream effector molecules involved in this process have not been characterized. Here we show that MKs contact with OBs, via beta1 integrin, activate the p38/MAPKAPK2/p90RSK kinase cascade in the bone cells, which causes Mdm2 to neutralizes p53/Rb-mediated check point and allows progression through the G1/S. Interestingly, activation of MAPK (ERK1/2) and AKT, collateral pathways that regulate the cell cycle, remained unchanged with MK stimulation of OBs. The MK-to-OB signaling ultimately results in significant increases in the expression of c-fos and cyclin A, necessary for sustaining the OB proliferation. Overall, our findings show that OBs respond to the presence of MKs, in part, via an integrin-mediated signaling mechanism, activating a novel response axis that de-represses cell cycle activity. Understanding the mechanisms by which MKs enhance OB proliferation will facilitate the development of novel anabolic therapies to treat bone loss associated with osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Chang CH, Cheng YH, Hsueh WJ. Twin extra-high photoluminescence in resonant double-period quantum wells. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6581-6584. [PMID: 25490626 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twin extra high photoluminescence (PL) in resonant quasi-periodic double-period quantum wells (DPQWs) for higher-generation orders is demonstrated. In the DPQW, the number of maxima in the maximum values of the PL intensity is two, which is different from other quasi-periodic quantum wells (QWs) and traditional periodic QWs. The maximum PL intensity in a DPQW is also stronger than that in a periodic QW under the anti-Bragg condition and that in a Fibonacci QW. Although the peaks of the squared electric field for the twin PL are both located near the QWs, their field profiles are distinct.
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Cheng YH, Deng TC, Chen CC, Chiang CH, Chang CA. First Report of Euphorbia leaf curl virus and Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus on Passion Fruit in Taiwan. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1746. [PMID: 30703901 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-13-0554-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis × Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) 'Tainung No. 1' is the main variety cultivated in Taiwan, which is a hybrid and propagated only by grafting. In the spring of 2011, plants with systemic mottle and malformation on leaves were found in some orchards located in Puli and Nantou in central Taiwan. Interestingly, after 3 months of growth, most of these diseased plants became symptomless when the weather became warmer. Nevertheless, some striped concaves were observed on immature fruit surfaces of diseased plants. In March of 2011, two leaf samples exhibiting mosaic and three samples showing malformation were collected and tested by DAS-ELISA; none positively reacted with antibodies against the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), East Asian passiflora virus (EAPV), Passion fruit mottle virus (PaMV), or Passion fruit crinkle virus (PCV) that have previously occurred in Taiwan. Rolling-circle amplification (RCA) with hexamer primers were adopted to analyze potential begomoviruses that were prevalent on the other crops in Taiwan (3). The RCA amplified products were digested with BamHI and separated on 1.2% agarose by gel electrophoresis. A fragment, about 3 kb, was purified from each gel and cloned into the respective site of pBluescript SK(-) individually. Clones were screened by EcoRI digestion and two types of restriction fragment length patterns were found among them. One type of a clone containing 2,745 nucleotides (Accession No. KC161185) with 98.5% identity to Euphorbia leaf curl virus (EuLCV) (1) and the other type of a clone containing 2,732 nucleotides (KC161184) with 91.7% identity to Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCuGDV) (2) were revealed by nucleotide comparisons of their DNA-A in GenBank. Accordingly, we confirmed the existence of passiflora isolates of EuLCV and PaLCuGDV. PCR primers CPup/Edw/Pdw (5'TGTGAAGG(A/C/G/T)CC(A/G/T)TGTAA(A/G)GT3'/5'CGCAGTTT CTGGAGGATATTAAG3'/5'TCGCATGCCACTTCCTCAGT3') were designed to differentiate these viruses by amplifying a 235 bp DNA fragment for EuLCV and 345 bp for PaLCuGDV. In a brief survey, all 26 passion fruit leaf samples collected from seven orchards were double infected with EuLCV and PaLCuGDV; only six samples collected from a specific orchard were found to harbor the PaLCuGDV infection. Thirty-seven seedlings from passion fruit (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) seeds were indexed and all were free from both viruses. Five virus-free plantlets of P. edulis f. flavicarpa, one EuLCV and PalCuGDV double infected P. edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa, and 20 whiteflies were put into one net tent for 2 months, and then the five plantlets were tested by PCR. The two EuLCV and PalCuGDV specific fragments were amplified from all five plantlets. The two begomoviruses cause mild symptoms on passion fruit plant but the appearance of the fruit was affected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of begomoviruses infecting passion fruit in Taiwan and in Asia. References: (1) X. Ma et al. J. Phytopathol. 152:215. (2) X. Wang et al. Virus Genes 29:303. (3) C. Wu et al. J. Virol. Methods 147:355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cheng
- Division of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T C Deng
- Division of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C C Chen
- Division of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Chiang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Chunghua, Taiwan
| | - C A Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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41
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Tsao CW, Cheng YH, Hsueh WJ. Localized modes in one-dimensional symmetric Thue-Morse quasicrystals. Opt Express 2014; 22:24378-24383. [PMID: 25322013 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.024378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present occurrence of the strongly localized modes with high transmission in one dimensional symmetric Thue-Morse quasicrystals. This quasicrystal has some interesting properties, including (i) there are strongly localized modes in separated regions which are around odd semi-quarter-wave thickness of the system, (ii) both the frequency of localized mode and the thicknesses of the space layer to appear localized modes are variant for different generation orders of the system, and (iii) the sharpness of the resonant peaks in the transmission spectra increases as the generation order of the system increases.
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Tsao CW, Hsueh WJ, Chang CH, Cheng YH. Quasi-Bragg conditions in Thue-Morse dielectric multilayers. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4562-4565. [PMID: 24322074 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The existence of quasi-Bragg conditions (QBCs) in Thue-Morse dielectric multilayers (TMDMs), based on high reflectance and large forbidden gap regions in its transmission spectra, is presented. In contrast to a single traditional Bragg condition (TBC) in periodic bilayers, there are three QBCs in TMDMs. The formula for each of these QBCs is derived. The results show that one of these QBCs just overlaps the TBC. However, a singular point with perfect transmission exists in this QBC at the quarter-wave stack, at which high reflection exists in the periodic bilayers.
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Abstract
A multiple narrow bandpass filter with both high Q factor and complete transmission using quasi-periodic Thue-Morse dielectric multilayers is proposed. The Q factor of the system increases exponentially with the generation order. Even though the Q factor of resonances increases as the generation order of the multilayers increases, these resonances are still complete resonances. The number of resonance peaks for the bandpass filter of the system also increases as the generation order increases. These resonance peaks have a multifractal distribution throughout the frequency range, which is different from that in traditional periodical multilayers.
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Abstract
In 2009, more than 50% of vine type French beans were found bearing severe viral symptoms in a vegetable garden in Nantou County, Taiwan. Infected plants were stunted and exhibited pronounced mottling symptoms on their leaves. The symptomatic plants were mechanically inoculated on Chenopodium quinoa and local lesions developed 7 to 10 days after inoculation. The virus source established by back isolation the single lesion from C. quinoa on French beans developed symptoms similar to those found in the field. Host range test showed that this isolate could only infect leguminous plants, including soybean, mung bean, pea, peanut, asparagus bean, cowpea, adzuki bean, and lima bean, but not cucurbitaceous and solanaceous plants. Since only Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been reported in Taiwan to induce similar symptoms in French beans, we tested both the field collected and inoculated French beans by CMV antiserum in ELISA but obtained a negative result. Due to subsequent electron microscopy studies that found potyvirus and carlavirus like particles in the leaf dips of infected French beans, we conducted reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using generic degenerate primers for potyviruses (Hrp5/Pot1 (2) and PotZ/Pot1 (3)) and carlaviruses (Decarla-u2 (5'-TGCACTGARTCMGAYTATGARGCYTT-3' and Decarla-d1 (5'-GCACATRTCRTCVCCDGCAAA-3') previously designed in our lab. No amplification was found from the potyvirus primers, while the carlavirus one gave an expected amplicon of 285 bp, which was found sharing 81% nucleotide sequence identity with the replicase gene of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) (GenBank Accession No. FJ560903). A primer pair (CpMMV-CPu: 5'-TTTACTCTTAggTWATggAgTC-3' and CpMMV-CPd: 5'-CCTATTAAAACACACAAHTCAAA-3') was thus designed to amplify the complete coat protein (CP) gene based on the reported CP sequences and obtained an expected 867-bp product from our French bean isolate. This 867-bp sequence (JX020701) was confirmed to have 97.6% amino acid sequence identities with the CP gene of a Puerto Rican CpMMV isolate (GU191840). In a separate survey, another isolate from asparagus bean (CpMMV-V) causing mild mottling symptom was obtained. Analyses of the CP gene of CpMMV-V (JX070669) confirmed that it shared 88.8% and 97.8% of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with the French bean isolate, respectively. Different from most carlaviruses with aphid transmissibility, CpMMV has been shown to be transmitted non-persistently by whiteflies (1). Both CpMMV isolates from Taiwan were confirmed to be transmitted by silver leaf whiteflies (Bemicia argentifolii Bellows and Perring). This is the first record of whitefly transmissible legume virus in Taiwan. Since whitefly has been a problem in agriculture worldwide, CpMMV can be a new emerging threat for Taiwan's legume crop production. References: (1) M. Iwaki et al. Plant Dis. 66:365, 1982. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 41:9, 1993. (3) F. M. Zerbini et al. Phytopathology 85:746.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - L Y Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y Y Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y H Cheng
- Plant Pathology Division, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cheng YH, Hooker RA, Nguyen K, Gerard-O'Riley R, Waning DL, Chitteti BR, Meijome TE, Chua HL, Plett AP, Orschell CM, Srour EF, Mayo LD, Pavalko FM, Bruzzaniti A, Kacena MA. Pyk2 regulates megakaryocyte-induced increases in osteoblast number and bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1434-45. [PMID: 23362087 PMCID: PMC3663900 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical evidence from megakaryocyte (MK)-related diseases suggests that MKs play a significant role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Findings from our laboratories reveal that MKs significantly increase osteoblast (OB) number through direct MK-OB contact and the activation of integrins. We, therefore, examined the role of Pyk2, a tyrosine kinase known to be regulated downstream of integrins, in the MK-mediated enhancement of OBs. When OBs were co-cultured with MKs, total Pyk2 levels in OBs were significantly enhanced primarily because of increased Pyk2 gene transcription. Additionally, p53 and Mdm2 were both decreased in OBs upon MK stimulation, which would be permissive of cell cycle entry. We then demonstrated that OB number was markedly reduced when Pyk2-/- OBs, as opposed to wild-type (WT) OBs, were co-cultured with MKs. We also determined that MKs inhibit OB differentiation in the presence and absence of Pyk2 expression. Finally, given that MK-replete spleen cells from GATA-1-deficient mice can robustly stimulate OB proliferation and bone formation in WT mice, we adoptively transferred spleen cells from these mice into Pyk2-/- recipient mice. Importantly, GATA-1-deficient spleen cells failed to stimulate an increase in bone formation in Pyk2-/- mice, suggesting in vivo the important role of Pyk2 in the MK-induced increase in bone volume. Further understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the MK-mediated enhancement of OB number and bone formation will facilitate the development of novel anabolic therapies to treat bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Chitteti BR, Cheng YH, Kacena MA, Srour EF. Hierarchical organization of osteoblasts reveals the significant role of CD166 in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and function. Bone 2013; 54:58-67. [PMID: 23369988 PMCID: PMC3611238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of osteoblasts (OB) in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in their niche is well elucidated, but the exact definition, both phenotypically and hierarchically of OB responsible for these functions is not clearly known. We previously demonstrated that OB maturational status influences HSC function whereby immature OB with high Runx2 expression promote hematopoietic expansion. Here, we show that Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) or CD166 expression on OB is directly correlated with Runx2 expression and high hematopoiesis enhancing activity (HEA). Fractionation of OB with lineage markers: Sca1, osteopontin (OPN), CD166, CD44, and CD90 revealed that Lin-Sca1-OPN+CD166+ cells (CD166+) and their subpopulations fractionated with CD44 and CD90 expressed high levels of Runx2 and low levels of osteocalcin (OC) demonstrating the relatively immature status of these cells. Conversely, the majority of the Lin-Sca1-OPN+CD166- cells (CD166-) expressed high OC levels suggesting that CD166- OB are more mature. In vitro hematopoietic potential of LSK cells co-cultured for 7days with fresh OB or OB pre-cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks declined precipitously with increasing culture duration concomitant with loss of CD166 expression. Importantly, LSK cells co-cultured with CD166+CD44+CD90+ OB maintained their in vivo repopulating potential through primary and secondary transplantation, suggesting that robust HEA activity is best mediated by immature CD166+ OB with high Runx2 and low OC expression. These studies begin to define the hierarchical organization of osteoblastic cells and provide a more refined definition of OB that can mediate HEA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Kacena MA, Eleniste PP, Cheng YH, Huang S, Shivanna M, Meijome TE, Mayo LD, Bruzzaniti A. Megakaryocytes regulate expression of Pyk2 isoforms and caspase-mediated cleavage of actin in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17257-17268. [PMID: 22447931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.309880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast (OB) precursors are essential for elaborating the bone-forming activity of mature OBs. However, the mechanisms regulating OB proliferation and function are largely unknown. We reported that OB proliferation is enhanced by megakaryocytes (MKs) via a process that is regulated in part by integrin signaling. The tyrosine kinase Pyk2 has been shown to regulate cell proliferation and survival in a variety of cells. Pyk2 is also activated by integrin signaling and regulates actin remodeling in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In this study, we examined the role of Pyk2 and actin in the MK-mediated increase in OB proliferation. Calvarial OBs were cultured in the presence of MKs for various times, and Pyk2 signaling cascades in OBs were examined by Western blotting, subcellular fractionation, and microscopy. We found that MKs regulate the temporal expression of Pyk2 and its subcellular localization. We also found that MKs regulate the expression of two alternatively spliced isoforms of Pyk2 in OBs, which may regulate OB differentiation and proliferation. MKs also induced cytoskeletal reorganization in OBs, which was associated with the caspase-mediated cleavage of actin, an increase in focal adhesions, and the formation of apical membrane ruffles. Moreover, BrdU incorporation in MK-stimulated OBs was blocked by the actin-polymerizing agent, jasplakinolide. Collectively, our studies reveal that Pyk2 and actin play an important role in MK-regulated signaling cascades that control OB proliferation and may be important for therapeutic interventions aimed at increasing bone formation in metabolic diseases of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
| | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Su Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mahesh Shivanna
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Tomas E Meijome
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Lindsey D Mayo
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
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Han JC, Wang YL, Qu HX, Liang F, Zhang JL, Shi CX, Zhang XL, Li L, Xie Q, Wang CL, Yan YY, Dong XS, Cheng YH. One Alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Growth Performance, Tibia Quality, and Meat Color of Broilers Fed Calcium- and Phosphorus-Deficient Diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:267-71. [PMID: 25049561 PMCID: PMC4093124 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of one alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OH D3) on growth performance, tibia quality, and skin and meat color in broilers fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 288 male Ross broilers, at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cages per treatment. Three levels of 1α-OH D3 (0, 5, and 10 μg/kg) were added to a basal diet (0.50% Ca, 0.13% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 0.35% total phosphorus (tP)) without vitamin D3. As a result of this study, the addition of 1α-OH D3 increased body weight gain (p<0.001), feed intake (p = 0.007), feed efficiency (p<0.001), tibia weight (p = 0.002), length (p<0.001), breaking-strength (p = 0.012), ash (p<0.001), Ca (p<0.001), and P content (p = 0.004). Dietary 1α-OH D3 enhanced breast meat yellowness (p = 0.015) and the length and weight of the small intestine of the broilers. Moreover, 1α-OH D3 decreased serum Ca concentration (p = 0.074) and breast meat redness (p = 0.010). These results indicate that the 1α-OH D3 improves growth, tibia quality, and meat color in broilers fed Ca- and P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Han
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Y L Wang
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - H X Qu
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - F Liang
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - C X Shi
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - X L Zhang
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - L Li
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Q Xie
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - C L Wang
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Y Y Yan
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - X S Dong
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Taizhou Healtech Chemical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
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Cheng YH, Chitteti BR, Streicher DA, Morgan JA, Rodriguez-Rodriguez S, Carlesso N, Srour EF, Kacena MA. Impact of maturational status on the ability of osteoblasts to enhance the hematopoietic function of stem and progenitor cells. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1111-21. [PMID: 21542011 PMCID: PMC3179304 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts (OBs) exert a prominent regulatory effect on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We evaluated the difference in hematopoietic expansion and function in response to co-culture with OBs at various stages of development. Murine calvarial OBs were seeded directly (fresh) or cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks prior to seeding with 1000 Lin-Sca1 + cKit+ (LSK) cells for 1 week. Significant increases in the following hematopoietic parameters were detected when comparing co-cultures of fresh OBs to co-cultures containing OBs cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks: total hematopoietic cell number (up to a 3.4-fold increase), total colony forming unit (CFU) number in LSK progeny (up to an 18.1-fold increase), and percentage of Lin-Sca1+ cells (up to a 31.8-fold increase). Importantly, these studies were corroborated by in vivo reconstitution studies in which LSK cells maintained in fresh OB co-cultures supported a significantly higher level of chimerism than cells maintained in co-cultures containing 3-week OBs. Characterization of OBs cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks with real-time PCR and functional mineralization assays showed that OB maturation increased with culture duration but was not affected by the presence of LSK cells in culture. Linear regression analyses of multiple parameters measured in these studies show that fresh, most likely more immature OBs better promote hematopoietic expansion and function than cultured, presumably more mature OBs and suggest that the hematopoiesis-enhancing activity is mediated by cells present in fresh OB cultures de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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50
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Abstract
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants exhibiting systemic mild mosaic, vein yellowing, and leaf malformation were collected from Puli City in 2006. Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was used to test these samples for Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection using polyclonal antibodies. In addition, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Nicotiana benthamiana plants were mechanically inoculated with sap extracted from collected samples. Ten days postinoculation, chlorotic local lesions were observed on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor plants, whereas, systemic mosaic and foliar distortion symptoms were developed on upper leaves of N. benthamiana plants. The DAS-ELISA test showed that field-collected pepper samples and inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor were infected with ChiVMV, while N. benthamiana with mosaic symptoms did not react with ChiVMV antibodies. To confirm ChiVMV, field-collected samples as well as mechanically inoculated plants were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the potyvirus degenerate primers Hrp5/Pot1 (2). Amplified RT-PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of amplified fragments (1.4 kb) revealed that field-collected pepper samples were infected with ChiVMV and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). The DNA fragment amplified from C. quinoa and C. amaranticolor showed high (99.2%) sequence identities with the CP gene of ChiVMV (3) (GenBank Accession No. AM909717). However, amplicons obtained from N. benthamiana plants (GenBank Accession No. HQ329082) that showed mosaic symptoms showed 83.6% to 98.7% nucleotide identities with PepMoV (GenBank Accession Nos. AB126033, AF227728, AF440801, AF501591, EU586133, and M96425). Next, a pure isolate of PepMoV was established on N. benthamiana by mechanical inoculation of diluted plant sap obtained from a PepMoV-infected N. benthamiana plant. Bell pepper plants inoculated with the Taiwan isolate of PepMoV developed mosaic and leaf distortion symptoms. Antiserum against the PepMoV Taiwan isolate was subsequently prepared by immunizing rabbits with purified virus particles. Using the prepared antiserum and specific primers (1) to detect PepMoV, ChiVMV, and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), three viruses could be readily detected and differentiated from diseased bell peppers in the field. In a survey done in 2007, 18 of 33 pepper samples from southern Taiwan were found with mixed infections of PepMoV and ChiVMV, seven samples were infected with PepMoV and PVMV, five samples were infected with PVMV, and another three samples were infected with ChiVMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of PepMoV in bell peppers in Taiwan. References: (1) Y. H. Cheng et al. Plant Dis. 93:107, 2009. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 82:1121, 1998. (3) W. S. Tsai et al. Plant Pathol. 58:408, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cheng
- Plant Pathology Division, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T C Deng
- Plant Pathology Division, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C C Chen
- Plant Pathology Division, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J Y Liao
- Plant Pathology Division, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C A Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Chiang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
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