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Tchernychev B, Nitschke Y, Chu D, Sullivan C, Flaman L, O’Brien K, Howe J, Cheng Z, Thompson D, Ortiz D, Rutsch F, Sabbagh Y. Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by ENPP1: The Role of CD73 and the Adenosine Signaling Axis. Cells 2024; 13:1128. [PMID: 38994980 PMCID: PMC11240470 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) ectoenzyme regulates vascular intimal proliferation and mineralization of bone and soft tissues. ENPP1 variants cause Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI), a rare genetic disorder characterized by ectopic calcification, intimal proliferation, and stenosis of large- and medium-sized arteries. ENPP1 hydrolyzes extracellular ATP to pyrophosphate (PPi) and AMP. AMP is the precursor of adenosine, which has been implicated in the control of neointimal formation. Herein, we demonstrate that an ENPP1-Fc recombinant therapeutic inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro and in vivo. Addition of ENPP1 and ATP to cultured VSMCs generated AMP, which was metabolized to adenosine. It also significantly decreased cell proliferation. AMP or adenosine alone inhibited VSMC growth. Inhibition of ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73 decreased adenosine accumulation and suppressed the anti-proliferative effects of ENPP1/ATP. Addition of AMP increased cAMP synthesis and phosphorylation of VASP at Ser157. This AMP-mediated cAMP increase was abrogated by CD73 inhibitors or by A2aR and A2bR antagonists. Ligation of the carotid artery promoted neointimal hyperplasia in wild-type mice, which was exacerbated in ENPP1-deficient ttw/ttw mice. Prophylactic or therapeutic treatments with ENPP1 significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia not only in ttw/ttw but also in wild-type mice. These findings provide the first insight into the mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect of ENPP1 and broaden its potential therapeutic applications beyond enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Tchernychev
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children’s Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- INTEC Network of Ectopic Calcification, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Di Chu
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Caitlin Sullivan
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lisa Flaman
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kevin O’Brien
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jennifer Howe
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - David Thompson
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children’s Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- INTEC Network of Ectopic Calcification, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yves Sabbagh
- Research and Development, Inozyme Pharma, 321 Summer St, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02201, USA; (B.T.); (D.C.); (C.S.); (L.F.); (K.O.); (J.H.); (Z.C.); (D.T.); (D.O.); (Y.S.)
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Kumar R, Patil G, Dayal S. NLRP3-Induced NETosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Thrombotic Diseases? Cells 2023; 12:2709. [PMID: 38067137 PMCID: PMC10706381 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic thrombotic disease, characterized by the formation of obstructive blood clots within arteries or veins, is a condition associated with life-threatening events, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The conventional therapeutic strategy relies on treatments with anticoagulants that unfortunately pose an inherent risk of bleeding complications. These anticoagulants primarily target clotting factors, often overlooking upstream events, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are integral components of the innate immune system, traditionally known for their role in combating pathogens through NET formation. Emerging evidence has now revealed that NETs contribute to a prothrombotic milieu by promoting platelet activation, increasing thrombin generation, and providing a scaffold for clot formation. Additionally, NET components enhance clot stability and resistance to fibrinolysis. Clinical and preclinical studies have underscored the mechanistic involvement of NETs in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications, since the clots obtained from patients and experimental models consistently exhibit the presence of NETs. Given these insights, the inhibition of NETs or NET formation is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic thrombotic diseases. Recent investigations also implicate a role for the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a mediator of NETosis and thrombosis, suggesting that NLRP3 inhibition may also hold potential for mitigating thrombotic events. Therefore, future preclinical and clinical studies aimed at identifying and validating NLRP3 inhibition as a novel therapeutic intervention for thrombotic disorders are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (R.K.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Gokul Patil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (R.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (R.K.); (G.P.)
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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Favre J, Roy C, Guihot AL, Drouin A, Laprise M, Gillis MA, Robson SC, Thorin E, Sévigny J, Henrion D, Kauffenstein G. NTPDase1/CD39 Ectonucleotidase Is Necessary for Normal Arterial Diameter Adaptation to Flow. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15038. [PMID: 37894719 PMCID: PMC10606763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NTPDase1/CD39, the major vascular ectonucleotidase, exerts thrombo-immunoregulatory function by controlling endothelial P2 receptor activation. Despite the well-described release of ATP from endothelial cells, few data are available regarding the potential role of CD39 as a regulator of arterial diameter. We thus investigated the contribution of CD39 in short-term diameter adaptation and long-term arterial remodeling in response to flow using Entpd1-/- male mice. Compared to wild-type littermates, endothelial-dependent relaxation was modified in Entpd1-/- mice. Specifically, the vasorelaxation in response to ATP was potentiated in both conductance (aorta) and small resistance (mesenteric and coronary) arteries. By contrast, the relaxing responses to acetylcholine were supra-normalized in thoracic aortas while decreased in resistance arteries from Entpd1-/- mice. Acute flow-mediated dilation, measured via pressure myography, was dramatically diminished and outward remodeling induced by in vivo chronic increased shear stress was altered in the mesenteric resistance arteries isolated from Entpd1-/- mice compared to wild-types. Finally, changes in vascular reactivity in Entpd1-/- mice were also evidenced by a decrease in the coronary output measured in isolated perfused hearts compared to the wild-type mice. Our results highlight a key regulatory role for purinergic signaling and CD39 in endothelium-dependent short- and long-term arterial diameter adaptation to increased flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Favre
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Charlotte Roy
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Annick Drouin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Manon Laprise
- Animal Physiology Service, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
| | - Marc-Antoine Gillis
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et D’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Gilles Kauffenstein
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France; (J.F.); (D.H.)
- INSERM UMR 1260—Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Kroll RG, Powell C, Chen J, Snider NT, St. Hilaire C, Reddy A, Kim J, Pinsky DJ, Murthy VL, Sutton NR. Circulating Ectonucleotidases Signal Impaired Myocardial Perfusion at Rest and Stress. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027920. [PMID: 37119076 PMCID: PMC10227209 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Ectonucleotidases maintain vascular homeostasis by metabolizing extracellular nucleotides, modulating inflammation and thrombosis, and potentially, myocardial flow through adenosine generation. Evidence implicates dysfunction or deficiency of ectonucleotidases CD39 or CD73 in human disease; the utility of measuring levels of circulating ectonucleotidases as plasma biomarkers of coronary artery dysfunction or disease has not been previously reported. Methods and Results A total of 529 individuals undergoing clinically indicated positron emission tomography stress testing between 2015 and 2019 were enrolled in this single-center retrospective analysis. Baseline demographics, clinical data, nuclear stress test, and coronary artery calcium score variables were collected, as well as a blood sample. CD39 and CD73 levels were assessed as binary (detectable, undetectable) or continuous variables using ELISAs. Plasma CD39 was detectable in 24% of White and 8% of Black study participants (P=0.02). Of the clinical history variables examined, ectonucleotidase levels were most strongly associated with underlying liver disease and not other traditional coronary artery disease risk factors. Intriguingly, detection of circulating ectonucleotidase was inversely associated with stress myocardial blood flow (2.3±0.8 mL/min per g versus 2.7 mL/min per g±1.1 for detectable versus undetectable CD39 levels, P<0.001) and global myocardial flow reserve (Pearson correlation between myocardial flow reserve and log(CD73) -0.19, P<0.001). A subanalysis showed these differences held true independent of liver disease. Conclusions Vasodilatory adenosine is the expected product of local ectonucleotidase activity, yet these data support an inverse relationship between plasma ectonucleotidases, stress myocardial blood flow (CD39), and myocardial flow reserve (CD73). These findings support the conclusion that plasma levels of ectonucleotidases, which may be shed from the endothelial surface, contribute to reduced stress myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Kroll
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Corey Powell
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, and Analytics ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Cynthia St. Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and BioengineeringVascular Medicine Institute, University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Akshay Reddy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Judy Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - David J. Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Venkatesh L. Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
| | - Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn ArborMI
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
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Purinergic receptors mediate endothelial dysfunction and participate in atherosclerosis. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:265-272. [PMID: 34981330 PMCID: PMC9984579 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease and involves damage to vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that results in endothelial dysfunction (ED). The vascular endothelium is the key to maintaining blood vessel health and homeostasis. ED is a complex pathological process involving inflammation, shear stress, vascular tone, adhesion of leukocytes to ECs, and platelet aggregation. The activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y2 receptors regulates vascular tone in response to shear stress, while activation of the A2A, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y6, and P2Y12 receptors promotes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, P2X1, P2Y1, and P2Y12 receptor activation regulates platelet activity. These purinergic receptors mediate ED and participate in atherosclerosis. In short, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y12 receptors are potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Harada M, Sajima T, Onimaru T, Honjo T, Hioki H, Watanabe Y, Sawamura S. Changes in platelet function and coagulation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation evaluated with thromboelastography. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-002132. [PMID: 36344109 PMCID: PMC9644365 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The possibility of hypercoagulability during the perioperative period of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been noted; however, there is still a controversy regarding the appropriate perioperative antithrombotic therapy. The study investigated coagulation and platelet functions during the TAVI perioperative period using thromboelastography (TEG) 6s platelet mapping. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 25 patients undergoing TAVI. TEG platelet mapping was performed at three time points: on admission to the operating room (before heparinisation), on postoperative day (POD) 1 and on POD 3. Perioperative changes observed included: maximum clot strength (MAHKH), clot strength without platelet function (MAActF), time to initiation of clots formation by coagulation factors (RHKH) and platelet function (Gp). Gp is activated by thrombin, and not affected by antiplatelet agents. It is calculated as [(5000×MAHKH)/(100 – MAHKH)] − [(5000×MAActF)/(100 – MAActF)]. Finally, MAADP/AA and GADP/AA, which reflect clot strength and platelet aggregation mediated by ADP/thromboxane A2 receptors, respectively, were also examined using the same method as for Gp. Results MAHKH continued to decrease until POD 3, indicating antithrombotic change after TAVI. Gp continuously decreased for 3 days after TAVI, while MAActF increased significantly on POD 3. Furthermore, RHKH shortened on POD 1 and POD 3, suggesting increased coagulation capacity after TAVI. Finally, GADP in clopidogrel-naive patients was reduced for 3 days after TAVI, while GAA in aspirin-naive patients showed no significant change perioperatively. Conclusions In this study involving TEG platelet mapping, coagulation capacity increased while platelet function decreased, resulting in antithrombotic change for 3 days after TAVI. The ADP receptor system may be implicated in the decreased platelet function. These results may be useful for considering optimal perioperative antithrombotic therapy in TAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Harada
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Sajima
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Onimaru
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Honjo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hioki
- Department of Cardiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehito Sawamura
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Granja TF, Köhler D, Leiss V, Eggstein C, Nürnberg B, Rosenberger P, Beer-Hammer S. Platelets and the Cybernetic Regulation of Ischemic Inflammatory Responses through PNC Formation Regulated by Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism and Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193009. [PMID: 36230973 PMCID: PMC9561997 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic events are associated with severe inflammation and are here referred to as ischemic inflammatory response (IIR). Recent studies identified the formation of platelet–neutrophil complexes (PNC) as key players in IIR. We investigated the role of extracellular platelet nucleotide signaling in the context of IIR and defined a cybernetic circle, including description of feedback loops. Cybernetic circles seek to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function. Our study specifies the components of the cybernetic system of platelets in IIR and describes the theoretical progression of IIR passing the cybernetic cycle with positive and negative feedback loops based on nucleotide-dependent signaling and functional regulation. The cybernetic components and feedback loops were explored by cytometry, immunohistological staining, functional blocking antibodies, and ADP/ATP measurements. Using several ex vivo and in vivo approaches we confirmed cybernetic parameters, such as controller, sensor, and effector (VASP phosphorylation, P2Y12, ADORAs and GPIIb/IIIa activity), as well as set points (ADP, adenosine) and interfering control and disturbance variables (ischemia). We demonstrate the impact of the regulated platelet–neutrophil complex (PNC) formation in blood and the resulting damage to the affected inflamed tissue. Taken together, extracellular nucleotide signaling, PNC formation, and tissue damage in IIR can be integrated in a controlled cybernetic circle of platelet function, as introduced through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F. Granja
- Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, CBIOS–Universidade, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Eggstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-74594
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Fang F, Cao W, Mu Y, Okuyama H, Li L, Qiu J, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. IL-4 prevents adenosine-mediated immunoregulation by inhibiting CD39 expression. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e157509. [PMID: 35730568 PMCID: PMC9309057 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleotidase CD39 functions as a checkpoint in purinergic signaling on effector T cells. By depleting eATP and initiating the generation of adenosine, it impairs memory cell development and contributes to T cell exhaustion, thereby causing defective tumor immunity and deficient T cell responses in older adults who have increased CD39 expression. Tuning enzymatic activity of CD39 and targeting the transcriptional regulation of ENTPD1 can be used to modulate purinergic signaling. Here, we describe that STAT6 phosphorylation downstream of IL-4 signaling represses CD39 expression on activated T cells by inducing a transcription factor network including GATA3, GFI1, and YY1. GATA3 suppresses ENTPD1 transcription through prevention of RUNX3 recruitment to the ENTPD1 promoter. Conversely, pharmacological STAT6 inhibition decreases T cell effector functions via increased CD39 expression, resulting in the defective signaling of P2X receptors by ATP and stimulation of A2A receptors by adenosine. Our studies suggest that inhibiting the STAT6 pathway to increase CD39 expression has the potential to treat autoimmune disease while stimulation of the pathway could improve T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Fang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunmei Mu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hirohisa Okuyama
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Thrombo-Inflammation: A Focus on NTPDase1/CD39. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092223. [PMID: 34571872 PMCID: PMC8469976 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for a link between inflammation and thrombosis. Following tissue injury, vascular endothelium becomes activated, losing its antithrombotic properties whereas inflammatory mediators build up a prothrombotic environment. Platelets are the first elements to be activated following endothelial damage; they participate in physiological haemostasis, but also in inflammatory and thrombotic events occurring in an injured tissue. While physiological haemostasis develops rapidly to prevent excessive blood loss in the endothelium activated by inflammation, hypoxia or by altered blood flow, thrombosis develops slowly. Activated platelets release the content of their granules, including ATP and ADP released from their dense granules. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1)/CD39 dephosphorylates ATP to ADP and to AMP, which in turn, is hydrolysed to adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). NTPDase1/CD39 has emerged has an important molecule in the vasculature and on platelet surfaces; it limits thrombotic events and contributes to maintain the antithrombotic properties of endothelium. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of platelets as cellular elements interfacing haemostasis and inflammation, with a particular focus on the emerging role of NTPDase1/CD39 in controlling both processes.
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11
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Allard D, Allard B, Stagg J. On the mechanism of anti-CD39 immune checkpoint therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000186. [PMID: 32098829 PMCID: PMC7057429 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, the search for new therapeutic targets has led to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an important regulator of antitumor immunity. This resulted in the development of selective inhibitors targeting various components of the adenosinergic pathway, including small molecules antagonists targeting the high affinity A2A adenosine receptor and low affinity A2B receptor, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules targeting CD73 and therapeutic mAbs targeting CD39. As each regulator of the adenosinergic pathway present non-overlapping biologic functions, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of each targeted approach should accelerate clinical translation and improve rational design of combination treatments. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms-of-action of anti-CD39 cancer therapy and potential toxicities that may emerge from sustained CD39 inhibition. Caution should be taken, however, in extrapolating data from gene-targeted mice to patients treated with blocking anti-CD39 agents. As phase I clinical trials are now underway, further insights into the mechanism of action and potential adverse events associated with anti-CD39 therapy are anticipated in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Institut du Cancer de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Abstract
The association between inflammation, infection, and venous thrombosis has long been recognized; yet, only in the last decades have we begun to understand the mechanisms through which the immune and coagulation systems interact and reciprocally regulate one another. These interconnected networks mount an effective response to injury and pathogen invasion, but if unregulated can result in pathological thrombosis and organ damage. Neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets interact with each other and the endothelium in host defense and also play critical roles in the formation of venous thromboembolism. This knowledge has advanced our understanding of both human physiology and pathophysiology, as well as identified mechanisms of anticoagulant resistance and novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the contributions of inflammation and infection to venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E. Colling
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin E. Tourdot
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Brampton C, Pomozi V, Chen LH, Apana A, McCurdy S, Zoll J, Boisvert WA, Lambert G, Henrion D, Blanchard S, Kuo S, Leftheriotis G, Martin L, Le Saux O. ABCC6 deficiency promotes dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3881. [PMID: 33594095 PMCID: PMC7887252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCC6 deficiency promotes ectopic calcification; however, circumstantial evidence suggested that ABCC6 may also influence atherosclerosis. The present study addressed the role of ABCC6 in atherosclerosis using Ldlr-/- mice and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients. Mice lacking the Abcc6 and Ldlr genes were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks before intimal calcification, aortic plaque formation and lipoprotein profile were evaluated. Cholesterol efflux and the expression of several inflammation, atherosclerosis and cholesterol homeostasis-related genes were also determined in murine liver and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, we examined plasma lipoproteins, vascular calcification, carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis in a cohort of PXE patients with ABCC6 mutations and compared results to dysmetabolic subjects with increased cardiovascular risk. We found that ABCC6 deficiency causes changes in lipoproteins, with decreased HDL cholesterol in both mice and humans, and induces atherosclerosis. However, we found that the absence of ABCC6 does not influence overall vascular mineralization induced with atherosclerosis. Decreased cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells and other molecular changes such as increased pro-inflammation seen in both humans and mice are likely contributors for the phenotype. However, it is likely that other cellular and/or molecular mechanisms are involved. Our study showed a novel physiological role for ABCC6, influencing plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in a haploinsufficient manner, with significant penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brampton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222E, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA
| | - Viola Pomozi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222E, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Li-Hsieh Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222E, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ailea Apana
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222E, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sara McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Janna Zoll
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222E, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - William A Boisvert
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gilles Lambert
- University of La Réunion Medical School (France) INSERM UMR1188 DéTROI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- Département d'Immunologie et d'Allergologie, University Hospital of Angers, 49000, Angers, France
- Inserm U1232, CRCINA, University of Angers, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sheree Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Georges Leftheriotis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M) UMR CNRS 7073, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE Consultation Center, MAGEC Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
- BNMI, CNRS 6214/INSERM 1083, University Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222E, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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14
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Yegutkin GG. Adenosine metabolism in the vascular system. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114373. [PMID: 33340515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of extracellular purinergic signaling was first proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s. Since then, extracellular ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine have attracted an enormous amount of attention in terms of their involvement in a wide range of immunomodulatory, thromboregulatory, angiogenic, vasoactive and other pathophysiological activities in different organs and tissues, including the vascular system. In addition to significant progress in understanding the properties of nucleotide- and adenosine-selective receptors, recent studies have begun to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing the duration and magnitude of the purinergic signaling cascade. This knowledge has led to the development of new paradigms in understanding the entire purinome by taking into account the multitude of signaling and metabolic pathways involved in biological effects of ATP and adenosine and compartmentalization of the adenosine system. Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions. In this review I provide an overview of key enzymes involved in adenosine metabolic network, with special emphasis on the emerging roles of purine-converting ectoenzymes as novel targets for cancer and vascular therapies.
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15
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Shokoples BG, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. P2X7 Receptors: An Untapped Target for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:186-199. [PMID: 32998520 PMCID: PMC7752223 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Adequate strategies to target inflammation in cardiovascular disease are in their infancy and remain an avenue of great interest. The purinergic receptor P2X7 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that predominately mediates inflammation and cellular death. P2X7 is a ligand-gated cation channel that is activated in response to high concentrations of extracellular ATP, triggering the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 (nuclear oligomerization domain like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines IL (interleukin)-1β and IL-18. Increased P2X7 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations have been implicated in the development of many cardiovascular conditions including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. P2X7 receptor KO (knockout) mice exhibit a significant attenuation of the inflammatory response, which corresponds with reduced disease severity. P2X7 antagonism blunts blood pressure elevation in hypertension and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models. IL-1β and IL-18 inhibition has shown efficacy in clinical trials reducing major adverse cardiac events, including myocardial infarction, and heart failure. With several P2X7 antagonists available with proven safety margins, P2X7 antagonism could represent an untapped potential for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G. Shokoples
- Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (B.G.S., P.P., E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (B.G.S., P.P., E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L. Schiffrin
- Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (B.G.S., P.P., E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine (E.L.S.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Chakrabarti A, Goldstein DR, Sutton NR. Age-associated arterial calcification: the current pursuit of aggravating and mitigating factors. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:265-272. [PMID: 32773466 PMCID: PMC7891872 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of arterial calcification increases with age, can occur independently of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, contributes to vessel stiffening, and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of how aging leads to arterial calcification and discuss potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction (impaired efficiency of the respiratory chain, increased reactive oxygen species production, and a high mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA), cellular senescence, ectonucleotidases, and extrinsic factors such as hyperglycemia promote age-determined calcification. We discuss the future potential impact of antilipidemics, senolytics, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases inhibitors on age-associated arterial calcification. SUMMARY Understanding how mechanisms of aging lead to arterial calcification will allow us to pinpoint prospective strategies to mitigate arterial calcification, even after the effects of aging have already begun to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Chakrabarti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Conversion of extracellular ATP into adenosine: a master switch in renal health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:509-524. [PMID: 32641760 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signalling molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological functions in the kidney through the activation of P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively. Extracellular purines can modulate immune responses, balancing inflammatory processes and immunosuppression; indeed, alterations in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine signalling determine outcomes of inflammation and healing processes. The functional activities of ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, which hydrolyse pro-inflammatory ATP to generate immunosuppressive adenosine, are therefore pivotal in acute inflammation. Protracted inflammation may result in aberrant adenosinergic signalling, which serves to sustain inflammasome activation and worsen fibrotic reactions. Alterations in the expression of ectonucleotidases on various immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and macrophages, as well as components of the renal vasculature, control purinergic receptor-mediated effects on target tissues within the kidney. The role of CD39 as a rheostat that can have an impact on purinergic signalling in both acute and chronic inflammation is increasingly supported by the literature, as detailed in this Review. Better understanding of these purinergic processes and development of novel drugs targeting these pathways could lead to effective therapies for the management of acute and chronic kidney disease.
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18
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Asada Y, Yamashita A, Sato Y, Hatakeyama K. Pathophysiology of atherothrombosis: Mechanisms of thrombus formation on disrupted atherosclerotic plaques. Pathol Int 2020; 70:309-322. [PMID: 32166823 PMCID: PMC7317428 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of atherothrombosis comprise plaque disruption and subsequent thrombus formation. Arterial thrombi are thought to mainly comprise aggregated platelets as a result of high blood velocity. However, thrombi that develop on disrupted plaques comprise not only aggregated platelets, but also large amounts of fibrin, because plaques contain large amount of tissue factor that activate the coagulation cascade. Since not all thrombi grow large enough to occlude the vascular lumen, the propagation of thrombi is also critical in the onset of adverse vascular events. Various factors such as vascular wall thrombogenicity, local hemorheology, systemic thrombogenicity and fibrinolytic activity modulate thrombus formation and propagation. Although the activation mechanisms of platelets and the coagulation cascade have been intensively investigated, the underlying mechanisms of occlusive thrombus formation on disrupted plaques remain obscure. Pathological findings derived from humans and animal models of human atherothrombosis have uncovered pathophysiological processes during thrombus formation and propagation after plaque disruption, and novel factors have been identified that modulate the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade. These findings have also provided insights into the development of novel drugs for atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Asada
- Pathophysiology Section, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Pathophysiology Section, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Miyazaki Hospital, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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19
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Cui QQ, Hu ZL, Hu YL, Chen X, Wang J, Mao L, Lu XJ, Ni M, Chen JG, Wang F. Hippocampal CD39/ENTPD1 promotes mouse depression-like behavior through hydrolyzing extracellular ATP. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47857. [PMID: 32133764 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates that low levels of ATP in the extracellular space may contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The concentration of extracellular ATP is regulated by its hydrolase ectonucleotide tri(di)phosphohydrolase (ENTPD). However, the role of ENTPD in depression remains poorly understood. Here we examine the role of CD39 (known as ENTPD1) in mouse depression-like behavior induced by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We demonstrate that CSDS enhances the expression and activity of CD39 in hippocampus. The CD39 functional analog apyrase also induces depression-like behavior, which can be ameliorated by ATP replenishment. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic silencing of CD39 has an antidepressant-like effect via increasing hippocampal extracellular ATP concentration, accompanied with an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic spine numbers in defeated mice. These results suggest that hippocampal CD39 contributes to CSDS-induced depression-like behavior via hydrolyzing extracellular ATP, indicating that CD39 may be a promising new target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan City, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Lang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan City, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan City, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan City, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan City, China
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20
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Anyanwu AC, Kanthi Y, Fukase K, Liao H, Mimura T, Desch KC, Gruca M, Kaskar S, Sheikh-Aden H, Chi L, Zhao R, Yadav V, Wakefield TW, Hyman MC, Pinsky DJ. Tuning the Thromboinflammatory Response to Venous Flow Interruption by the Ectonucleotidase CD39. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:e118-e129. [PMID: 30816804 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Leukocyte flux contributes to thrombus formation in deep veins under pathological conditions, but mechanisms that inhibit venous thrombosis are incompletely understood. Ectonucleotide di(tri)phosphohydrolase 1 ( ENTPD1 or Cd39), an ectoenzyme that catabolizes extracellular adenine nucleotides, is embedded on the surface of endothelial cells and leukocytes. We hypothesized that under venous stasis conditions, CD39 regulates inflammation at the vein:blood interface in a murine model of deep vein thrombosis. Approach and Results- CD39-null mice developed significantly larger venous thrombi under venous stasis, with more leukocyte recruitment compared with wild-type mice. Gene expression profiling of wild-type and Cd39-null mice revealed 76 differentially expressed inflammatory genes that were significantly upregulated in Cd39-deleted mice after venous thrombosis, and validation experiments confirmed high expression of several key inflammatory mediators. P-selectin, known to have proximal involvement in venous inflammatory and thrombotic events, was upregulated in Cd39-null mice. Inferior vena caval ligation resulted in thrombosis and a corresponding increase in both P-selectin and VWF (von Willebrand Factor) levels which were strikingly higher in mice lacking the Cd39 gene. These mice also manifest an increase in circulating platelet-leukocyte heteroaggregates suggesting heterotypic crosstalk between coagulation and inflammatory systems, which is amplified in the absence of CD39. Conclusions- These data suggest that CD39 mitigates the venous thromboinflammatory response to flow interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuli C Anyanwu
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.A., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.,Section of Cardiology, Ann Arbor Veterans Health System, Michigan (Y.K.)
| | - Keigo Fukase
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Awaji Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan (K.F.)
| | - Hui Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Tekashi Mimura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Karl C Desch
- Department of Pediatrics (K.C.D.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Martin Gruca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Saabir Kaskar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Hussein Sheikh-Aden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Liguo Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Raymond Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Vinita Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Thomas W Wakefield
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories Ann Arbor, MI (T.W.W.)
| | - Matthew C Hyman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.C.H.)
| | - David J Pinsky
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.A., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Y.K., H.L., M.G., S.K., H.S.-A., L.C., R.Z., V.Y., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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21
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Sutton NR, Bouïs D, Mann KM, Rashid IM, McCubbrey AL, Hyman MC, Goldstein DR, Mei A, Pinsky DJ. CD73 Promotes Age-Dependent Accretion of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:61-71. [PMID: 31619062 PMCID: PMC7956240 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD73 is an ectonucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to adenosine. Adenosine has been shown to be anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant. The impact of ectonucleotidases on age-dependent atherosclerosis remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of CD73 in age-dependent accumulation of atherosclerosis. Approach and results: Mice doubly deficient in CD73 and ApoE (apolipoprotein E; (cd73-/-/apoE-/-) were generated, and the extent of aortic atherosclerotic plaque was compared with apoE-/- controls at 12, 20, 32, and 52 weeks. By 12 weeks of age, cd73-/-/apoE-/- mice exhibited a significant increase in plaque (1.4±0.5% of the total vessel surface versus 0.4±0.1% in apoE-/- controls, P<0.005). By 20 weeks of age, this difference disappeared (2.9±0.4% versus 3.3±0.7%). A significant reversal in phenotype emerged at 32 weeks (9.8±1.2% versus 18.3±1.4%; P<0.0001) and persisted at the 52 week timepoint (22.4±2.1% versus 37.0±2.1%; P<0.0001). The inflammatory response to aging was found to be comparable between cd73-/-/apoE-/- mice and apoE-/- controls. A reduction in lipolysis in CD73 competent mice was observed, even with similar plasma lipid levels (cd73-/-/apoE-/- versus apoE-/- at 12 weeks [16.2±0.7 versus 9.5±1.4 nmol glycerol/well], 32 weeks [24.1±1.5 versus 7.4±0.4 nmol/well], and 52 weeks [13.8±0.62 versus 12.7±2.0 nmol/well], P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS At early time points, CD73 exerts a subtle antiatherosclerotic influence, but with age, the pattern reverses, and the presence of CD73 promoted suppression of lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Diane Bouïs
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Kris M. Mann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Imran M. Rashid
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Alexandra L. McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Matt C. Hyman
- the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.C.H., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Annie Mei
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - David J. Pinsky
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
- the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.C.H., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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22
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Shih YRV, Liu M, Kwon SK, Iida M, Gong Y, Sangaj N, Varghese S. Dysregulation of ectonucleotidase-mediated extracellular adenosine during postmenopausal bone loss. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1387. [PMID: 31457100 PMCID: PMC6703860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine and its receptors play a key role in bone homeostasis and regeneration. Extracellular adenosine is generated from CD39 and CD73 activity in the cell membrane, through conversion of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP to adenosine, respectively. Despite the relevance of CD39/CD73 to bone health, the roles of these enzymes in bona fide skeletal disorders remain unknown. We demonstrate that CD39/CD73 expression and extracellular adenosine levels in the bone marrow are substantially decreased in animals with osteoporotic bone loss. Knockdown of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 in primary osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts undergoing differentiation showed decreased coexpression of membrane-bound CD39 and CD73 and lower extracellular adenosine. Targeting the adenosine A2B receptor using an agonist attenuated bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Together, these findings suggest a pathological association of purine metabolism with estrogen deficiency and highlight the potential of A2B receptor as a target to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru V. Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mengqian Liu
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ya Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nivedita Sangaj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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23
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Green JP, Souilhol C, Xanthis I, Martinez-Campesino L, Bowden NP, Evans PC, Wilson HL. Atheroprone flow activates inflammation via endothelial ATP-dependent P2X7-p38 signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:324-335. [PMID: 29126223 PMCID: PMC5852506 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is a focal disease occurring at arterial sites of disturbed blood flow that generates low oscillating shear stress. Endothelial inflammatory signalling is enhanced at sites of disturbed flow via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. The influence of disturbed flow on endothelial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptors and downstream signalling was assessed. Methods and results Cultured human endothelial cells were exposed to atheroprotective (high uniform) or atheroprone (low oscillatory) shear stress for 72 h prior to assessment of ATP responses. Imaging of cells loaded with a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye revealed that atheroprone flow enhanced extracellular calcium influx in response to 300 µM 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine-5'-triphosphate. Pre-treatment with pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that this process required purinergic P2X7 receptors. The mechanism involved altered expression of P2X7, which was induced by atheroprone flow conditions in cultured cells. Similarly, en face staining of the murine aorta revealed enriched P2X7 expression at an atheroprone site. Functional studies in cultured endothelial cells showed that atheroprone flow induced p38 phosphorylation and up-regulation of E-selectin and IL-8 secretion via a P2X7-dependent mechanism. Moreover, genetic deletion of P2X7 significantly reduced E-selectin at atheroprone regions of the murine aorta. Conclusions These findings reveal that P2X7 is regulated by shear forces leading to its accumulation at atheroprone sites that are exposed to disturbed patterns of blood flow. P2X7 promotes endothelial inflammation at atheroprone sites by transducing ATP signals into p38 activation. Thus P2X7 integrates vascular mechanical responses with purinergic signalling to promote endothelial dysfunction and may provide an attractive potential therapeutic target to prevent or reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Green
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ioannis Xanthis
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Laura Martinez-Campesino
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Neil P Bowden
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Yadav V, Chi L, Zhao R, Tourdot BE, Yalavarthi S, Jacobs BN, Banka A, Liao H, Koonse S, Anyanwu AC, Visovatti SH, Holinstat MA, Kahlenberg JM, Knight JS, Pinsky DJ, Kanthi Y. Ectonucleotidase tri(di)phosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD-1) disrupts inflammasome/interleukin 1β-driven venous thrombosis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2872-2877. [PMID: 30990798 DOI: 10.1172/jci124804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), caused by alterations in venous homeostasis is the third most common cause of cardiovascular mortality; however, key molecular determinants in venous thrombosis have not been fully elucidated. Several lines of evidence indicate that DVT occurs at the intersection of dysregulated inflammation and coagulation. The enzyme ectonucleoside tri(di)phosphohydrolase (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) is a vascular ecto-apyrase on the surface of leukocytes and the endothelium that inhibits intravascular inflammation and thrombosis by hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds from nucleotides released by activated cells. Here, we evaluated the contribution of CD39 to venous thrombosis in a restricted-flow model of murine inferior vena cava stenosis. CD39-deficiency conferred a >2-fold increase in venous thrombogenesis, characterized by increased leukocyte engagement, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, fibrin, and local activation of tissue factor in the thrombotic milieu. This was orchestrated by increased phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release in CD39-deficient mice. Substantiating these findings, an IL-1β-neutralizing antibody attenuated the thrombosis risk in CD39-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that IL-1β is a key accelerant of venous thrombo-inflammation, which can be suppressed by CD39. CD39 inhibits in vivo crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation pathways, and is a critical vascular checkpoint in venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Liguo Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Raymond Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | | | | | - Benjamin N Jacobs
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison Banka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Sharon Koonse
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Anuli C Anyanwu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Section of Cardiology, Ann Arbor Veterans Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Bagatini MD, dos Santos AA, Cardoso AM, Mânica A, Reschke CR, Carvalho FB. The Impact of Purinergic System Enzymes on Noncommunicable, Neurological, and Degenerative Diseases. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4892473. [PMID: 30159340 PMCID: PMC6109496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4892473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences show that purinergic signaling is involved in processes associated with health and disease, including noncommunicable, neurological, and degenerative diseases. These diseases strike from children to elderly and are generally characterized by progressive deterioration of cells, eventually leading to tissue or organ degeneration. These pathological conditions can be associated with disturbance in the signaling mediated by nucleotides and nucleosides of adenine, in expression or activity of extracellular ectonucleotidases and in activation of P2X and P2Y receptors. Among the best known of these diseases are atherosclerosis, hypertension, cancer, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available treatments present limited effectiveness and are mostly palliative. This review aims to present the role of purinergic signaling highlighting the ectonucleotidases E-NTPDase, E-NPP, E-5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase in noncommunicable, neurological, and degenerative diseases associated with the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and cancer. In conclusion, changes in the activity of ectonucleotidases were verified in all reviewed diseases. Although the role of ectonucleotidases still remains to be further investigated, evidences reviewed here can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of highly complex diseases, which majorly impact on patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Coordenação Acadêmica, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Coordenação Acadêmica, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Mânica
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ruedell Reschke
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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26
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Fan Y, Lu H, Liang W, Hu W, Zhang J, Chen YE. Krüppel-like factors and vascular wall homeostasis. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:352-363. [PMID: 28992202 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of death worldwide. Identification of promising targets for prevention and treatment of CVDs is paramount in the cardiovascular field. Numerous transcription factors regulate cellular function through modulation of specific genes and thereby are involved in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of CVDs. Although Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) have a similar protein structure with a conserved zinc finger domain, they possess distinct tissue and cell distribution patterns as well as biological functions. In the vascular system, KLF activities are regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Growing in vitro, in vivo, and genetic epidemiology studies suggest that specific KLFs play important roles in vascular wall biology, which further affect vascular diseases. KLFs regulate various functional aspects such as cell growth, differentiation, activation, and development through controlling a whole cluster of functionally related genes and modulating various signaling pathways in response to pathological conditions. Therapeutic targeting of selective KLF family members may be desirable to achieve distinct treatment effects in the context of various vascular diseases. Further elucidation of the association of KLFs with human CVDs, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and precise protein structure studies will be essential to define KLFs as promising targets for therapeutic interventions in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Fan
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenting Hu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Knight JS, Mazza LF, Yalavarthi S, Sule G, Ali RA, Hodgin JB, Kanthi Y, Pinsky DJ. Ectonucleotidase-Mediated Suppression of Lupus Autoimmunity and Vascular Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1322. [PMID: 29942314 PMCID: PMC6004379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives CD39 and CD73 are surface enzymes that jut into the extracellular space where they mediate the step-wise phosphohydrolysis of the autocrine and paracrine danger signals ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine. Given the role of vascular and immune cells' "purinergic halo" in maintaining homeostasis, we hypothesized that the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 might play a protective role in lupus. Methods Lupus was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of pristane to three groups of mice: wild-type (WT), CD39-/-, and CD73-/-. After 36 weeks, autoantibodies, endothelial function, kidney disease, splenocyte activation/polarization, and neutrophil activation were characterized. Results As compared with WT mice, CD39-/- mice developed exaggerated splenomegaly in response to pristane, while both groups of ectonucleotidase-deficient mice demonstrated heightened anti-ribonucleoprotein production. The administration of pristane to WT mice triggered only subtle dysfunction of the arterial endothelium; however, both CD39-/- and CD73-/- mice demonstrated striking endothelial dysfunction following induction of lupus, which could be reversed by superoxide dismutase. Activated B cells and plasma cells were expanded in CD73-/- mice, while deficiency of either ectonucleotidase led to expansion of TH17 cells. CD39-/- and CD73-/- mice demonstrated exaggerated neutrophil extracellular trap release, while CD73-/- mice additionally had higher levels of plasma cell-free DNA. Conclusion These data are the first to link ectonucleotidases with lupus autoimmunity and vascular disease. New therapeutic strategies may harness purinergic nucleotide dissipation or signaling to limit the damage inflicted upon organs and blood vessels by lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Levi F Mazza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gautam Sule
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiology, Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David J Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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28
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Asada Y, Yamashita A, Sato Y, Hatakeyama K. Thrombus Formation and Propagation in the Onset of Cardiovascular Events. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:653-664. [PMID: 29887539 PMCID: PMC6099067 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and thrombus formation on disrupted atherosclerotic plaques is considered to trigger its onset. Although the activation of platelets and coagulation pathways has been investigated intensively, the mechanisms of thrombus formation on disrupted plaques have not been understood in detail. Platelets are thought to play a central role in the formation of arterial thrombus because of rapid flow conditions; however, thrombus that develops on disrupted plaques consistently includes large amounts of fibrin in addition to aggregated platelets. While, thrombus does not always become large enough to completely occlude the vascular lumen, indicating that the propagation of thrombus is also critical for the onset of cardiovascular events. Various factors, such as vascular wall thrombogenicity, altered blood flow and imbalanced blood hemostasis, modulate thrombus formation and propagation on disrupted plaques. Pathological findings derived from humans and experimental animal models of atherothrombosis have identified important factors that affect thrombus formation and propagation, namely platelets, extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation factors, proinflammatory factors, plaque hypoxia and blood flow alteration. These findings might provide insight into the mechanisms of thrombus formation and propagation on disrupted plaques that lead to the onset of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Miyazaki Hospital, University of Miyazaki
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29
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PINSKY DAVIDJ. CD39 AS A CRITICAL ECTONUCLEOTIDASE DEFENSE AGAINST PATHOLOGICAL VASCULAR REMODELING. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2018; 129:132-139. [PMID: 30166707 PMCID: PMC6116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A common thread underlying vascular or tissue injury is the loss of plasmalemmal integrity and the passive (or even active) spillage of intracellular contents into the circulation. Purinergic nucleotides, which serve as energy shuttling moieties within cells, are among the contents released into the bloodstream, where they signal danger and trigger thrombosis and inflammation. To regain vascular homeostasis, vascular cells have evolved highly conserved mechanisms to transact the catalytic degradation of extracellular nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). CD39, the main endothelial ectonucleotidase which cleaves ATP and ADP, plays an essential role in ridding the bloodstream of these danger signals, thereby sustaining vascular homeostasis. Studies herein describe the upregulation of endothelial CD39 gene by steady laminar shear forces, and conversely, its downregulation under turbulent flow conditions. CD39 appears to be a critical ectonucleotidase which suppresses atherogenesis under experimental hyperlipidemic conditions in mice, and which also significantly mitigates pathologic vascular remodeling and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice placed under chronic hypoxic conditions. Together, these data reveal that CD39 opposes pathologic vascular remodeling under hyperlipidemic or hypoxic conditions. CD39 can therefore be viewed as a critical vascular homeostatic regulator to sustain vascular quiescence and to protect against pathological vascular remodeling in diseases as diverse as atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAVID J. PINSKY
- Correspondence and reprint requests: David J. Pinsky, MD, University of Michigan Health Systems,
1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Suite 2141, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5853734-936-3500
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30
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Roy C, Tabiasco J, Caillon A, Delneste Y, Merot J, Favre J, Guihot AL, Martin L, Nascimento DC, Ryffel B, Robson SC, Sévigny J, Henrion D, Kauffenstein G. Loss of vascular expression of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/CD39 in hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2017; 14:73-82. [PMID: 29236227 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1, the major vascular/immune ectonucleotidase, exerts anti-thrombotic and immunomodulatory actions by hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides (danger signals). Hypertension is characterized by vascular wall remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and immune infiltration. Here our aim was to investigate the impact of arterial hypertension on CD39 expression and activity in mice. Arterial expression of CD39 was determined by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR in experimental models of hypertension, including angiotensin II (AngII)-treated mice (1 mg/kg/day, 21 days), deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt mice (1% salt and uninephrectomy, 21 days), and spontaneously hypertensive rats. A decrease in CD39 expression occurred in the resistance and conductance arteries of hypertensive animals with no effect on lymphoid organs. In AngII-treated mice, a decrease in CD39 protein levels (Western blot) was corroborated by reduced arterial nucleotidase activity, as evaluated by fluorescent (etheno)-ADP hydrolysis. Moreover, serum-soluble ADPase activity, supported by CD39, was significantly decreased in AngII-treated mice. Experiments were conducted in vitro on vascular cells to determine the elements underlying this downregulation. We found that CD39 transcription was reduced by proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha on vascular smooth muscle cells and by IL-6 and anti-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 on endothelial cells. In addition, CD39 expression was downregulated by mechanical stretch on vascular cells. Arterial expression and activity of CD39 were decreased in hypertension as a result of both a proinflammatory environment and mechanical strain exerted on vascular cells. Reduced ectonucleotidase activity may alter the vascular condition, thus enhancing arterial damage, remodeling, or thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Roy
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Julie Tabiasco
- CNRS UMR 6299, INSERM 892, CRCNA, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Antoine Caillon
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CNRS UMR 6299, INSERM 892, CRCNA, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jean Merot
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Favre
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniele C Nascimento
- CNRS, UMR 7355, Orleans, France.,CNRS UMR 7355, INEM, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR 7355, Orleans, France.,CNRS UMR 7355, INEM, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Kauffenstein
- MITOVASC Institute - UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 University of Angers, Angers, France. .,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.
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31
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Accelerated atherosclerosis development in C57Bl6 mice by overexpressing AAV-mediated PCSK9 and partial carotid ligation. J Transl Med 2017; 97:935-945. [PMID: 28504688 PMCID: PMC5563968 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the role of a particular gene in atherosclerosis typically requires a time-consuming and often difficult process of generating double knockouts or transgenics on ApoE-/- or LDL receptor (LDLR)-/- background. Recently, it was reported that adeno-associated-virus-8 (AAV8)-mediated overexpression of PCSK9 (AAV8-PCSK9) rapidly induced hyperlipidemia. However, using this method in C57BL6 wild-type (C57) mice, it took ~3 months to develop atherosclerosis. Our partial carotid ligation model is used to rapidly develop atherosclerosis by inducing disturbed flow in the left common carotid artery within 2 weeks in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice. Here, we combined these two approaches to develop an accelerated model of atherosclerosis in C57 mice. C57 mice were injected with AAV9-PCSK9 or AAV9-luciferase (control) and high-fat diet was initiated. A week later, partial ligation was performed. Compared to the control, AAV-PCSK9 led to elevated serum PCSK9, hypercholesterolemia, and rapid atherosclerosis development within 3 weeks as determined by gross plaque imaging, and staining with Oil-Red-O, Movat's pentachrome, and CD45 antibody. These plaque lesions were comparable to the atherosclerotic lesions that have been previously observed in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice that were subjected to partial carotid ligation and high-fat diet. Next, we tested whether our method can be utilized to rapidly determine the role of a particular gene in atherosclerosis. Using eNOS-/- and NOX1-/y mice on C57 background, we found that the eNOS-/- mice developed more advanced lesions, while the NOX1-/y mice developed less atherosclerotic lesions as compared to the C57 controls. These results are consistent with the previous findings using double knockouts (eNOS-/-_ApoE-/- and NOX1-/y_ApoE-/-). AAV9-PCSK9 injection followed by partial carotid ligation is an effective and time-saving approach to rapidly induce atherosclerosis. This accelerated model is well-suited to quickly determine the role of gene(s) interest without generating double or triple knockouts.
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32
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Degen H, Borst O, Ziegler M, Mojica Munoz AK, Jamasbi J, Walker B, Göbel S, Fassbender J, Adler K, Brandl R, Münch G, Lorenz R, Siess W, Gawaz M, Ungerer M. ADPase CD39 Fused to Glycoprotein VI-Fc Boosts Local Antithrombotic Effects at Vascular Lesions. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005991. [PMID: 28751543 PMCID: PMC5586441 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPVI (Glycoprotein VI) is the essential platelet collagen receptor in atherothrombosis. Dimeric GPVI-Fc (Revacept) binds to GPVI binding sites on plaque collagen. As expected, it did not increase bleeding in clinical studies. GPVI-Fc is a potent inhibitor of atherosclerotic plaque-induced platelet aggregation at high shear flow, but its inhibition at low shear flow is limited. We sought to increase the platelet inhibitory potential by fusing GPVI-Fc to the ectonucleotidase CD39 (fusion protein GPVI-CD39), which inhibits local ADP accumulation at vascular plaques, and thus to create a lesion-directed dual antiplatelet therapy that is expected to lack systemic bleeding risks. METHODS AND RESULTS GPVI-CD39 effectively stimulated local ADP degradation and, compared with GPVI-Fc alone, led to significantly increased inhibition of ADP-, collagen-, and human plaque-induced platelet aggregation in Multiplate aggregometry and plaque-induced platelet thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions. GPVI-CD39 did not increase bleeding time in an in vitro assay simulating primary hemostasis. In a mouse model of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis, GPVI-CD39 effectively delayed vascular thrombosis but did not increase tail bleeding time in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GPVI-CD39 is a novel approach to increase local antithrombotic activity at sites of atherosclerotic plaque rupture or injury. It enhances GPVI-Fc-mediated platelet inhibition and presents a potentially effective and safe molecule for the treatment of acute atherothrombotic events, with a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medical Clinic III, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Janina Jamasbi
- IPEK - Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Brandl
- St. Mary's Square Institute for Vascular Surgery and Phlebology, Munich, Germany
| | - Götz Münch
- advanceCOR - Procorde, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lorenz
- IPEK - Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Siess
- IPEK - Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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33
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Meng H, Yalavarthi S, Kanthi Y, Mazza LF, Elfline MA, Luke CE, Pinsky DJ, Henke PK, Knight JS. In Vivo Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Antiphospholipid Antibody-Mediated Venous Thrombosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:655-667. [PMID: 27696751 DOI: 10.1002/art.39938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a leading acquired cause of thrombotic events. Although antiphospholipid antibodies have been shown to promote thrombosis in mice, the role of neutrophils has not been explicitly studied. The aim of this study was to characterize neutrophils in the context of a new model of antiphospholipid antibody-mediated venous thrombosis. METHODS Mice were administered fractions of IgG obtained from patients with APS. At the same time, blood flow through the inferior vena cava was reduced by induction of stenosis. Resulting thrombi were characterized for size and neutrophil content. Circulating factors and the vessel wall were also assessed. RESULTS As measured by both thrombus weight and thrombosis frequency, mice treated with IgG from patients with APS (APS IgG) demonstrated exaggerated thrombosis as compared with control IgG-treated mice. Thrombi in mice treated with APS IgG were enriched for citrullinated histone H3 (a marker of neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]). APS IgG-treated mice also demonstrated elevated levels of circulating cell-free DNA and human IgG bound to the neutrophil surface. In contrast, circulating neutrophil numbers and markers of vessel wall activation were not appreciably different between APS IgG-treated mice and control mice. Treatment with either DNase (which dissolves NETs) or a neutrophil-depleting antibody reduced thrombosis in APS IgG-treated mice to the level in control mice. CONCLUSION These data support a mechanism whereby circulating neutrophils are primed by antiphospholipid antibodies to accelerate thrombosis. This line of investigation suggests new, immunomodulatory approaches for the treatment of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Meng
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Yogendra Kanthi
- University of Michigan Medical School and Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Ann Arbor
| | - Levi F Mazza
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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34
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The arterial microenvironment: the where and why of atherosclerosis. Biochem J 2017; 473:1281-95. [PMID: 27208212 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the large and medium sized arteries is classically driven by systemic factors, such as elevated cholesterol and blood pressure. However, work over the past several decades has established that atherosclerotic plaque development involves a complex coordination of both systemic and local cues that ultimately determine where plaques form and how plaques progress. Although current therapeutics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease primarily target the systemic risk factors, a large array of studies suggest that the local microenvironment, including arterial mechanics, matrix remodelling and lipid deposition, plays a vital role in regulating the local susceptibility to plaque development through the regulation of vascular cell function. Additionally, these microenvironmental stimuli are capable of tuning other aspects of the microenvironment through collective adaptation. In this review, we will discuss the components of the arterial microenvironment, how these components cross-talk to shape the local microenvironment, and the effect of microenvironmental stimuli on vascular cell function during atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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35
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De Giorgi M, Enjyoji K, Jiang G, Csizmadia E, Mitsuhashi S, Gumina RJ, Smolenski RT, Robson SC. Complete deletion of Cd39 is atheroprotective in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1292-1305. [PMID: 28487312 PMCID: PMC5496028 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cd39 scavenges extracellular ATP and ADP, ultimately generating adenosine, a nucleoside, which has anti-inflammatory effects in the vasculature. We have evaluated the role of Cd39 in the development of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. ApoE KO (Cd39+/+/ApoE−/−) and Cd39/ApoE double KO (DKO) (Cd39−/−/ApoE−/−) mice were maintained on chow or Western diet for up to 20 weeks before evaluation of atherosclerotic lesions. We found that DKO mice exhibited significantly fewer atherosclerotic lesions than ApoE KO mice, irrespective of diet. Analyses of plaque composition revealed diminished foam cells in the fatty streaks and smaller necrotic cores in advanced lesions of DKO mice, when compared with those in ApoE KO mice. This atheroprotective phenotype was associated with impaired platelet reactivity to ADP in vitro and prolonged platelet survival, suggesting decreased platelet activation in vivo. Further studies with either genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Cd39 in macrophages revealed increased cholesterol efflux mediated via ABCA1 to ApoA1. This phenomenon was associated with elevated plasma HDL levels in DKO mice. Our findings indicate that complete deletion of Cd39 paradoxically attenuates development of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. We propose that this phenotype occurs, at least in part, from diminished platelet activation, increased plasma HDL levels, and enhanced cholesterol efflux and indicates the complexity of purinergic signaling in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Giorgi
- Transplant Institute and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keiichi Enjyoji
- Transplant Institute and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gordon Jiang
- Transplant Institute and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Transplant Institute and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Transplant Institute and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Simon C Robson
- Transplant Institute and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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36
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signaling in the Cardiovascular System. Circ Res 2017; 120:207-228. [PMID: 28057794 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory-motor nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Centers in the brain control heart activities and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involve purines. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides act on purinoceptors on cardiomyocytes, AV and SA nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels. Vascular tone is controlled by a dual mechanism. ATP, released from perivascular sympathetic nerves, causes vasoconstriction largely via P2X1 receptors. Endothelial cells release ATP in response to changes in blood flow (via shear stress) or hypoxia, to act on P2 receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, or prostaglandins to cause vasodilation. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity, to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. Purinergic signaling is involved in the physiology of erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes. ATP is released from erythrocytes and platelets, and purinoceptors and ectonucleotidases are expressed by these cells. P1, P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2X1 receptors are expressed on platelets, which mediate platelet aggregation and shape change. Long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides promote migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis, vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty and atherosclerosis. The involvement of purinergic signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and its therapeutic potential are discussed, including heart failure, infarction, arrhythmias, syncope, cardiomyopathy, angina, heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemia, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- From the Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
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37
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Baek AE, Sutton NR, Petrovic-Djergovic D, Liao H, Ray JJ, Park J, Kanthi Y, Pinsky DJ. Ischemic Cerebroprotection Conferred by Myeloid Lineage-Restricted or Global CD39 Transgene Expression. Circulation 2017; 135:2389-2402. [PMID: 28377485 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral tissue damage after an ischemic event can be exacerbated by inflammation and thrombosis. Elevated extracellular ATP and ADP levels are associated with cellular injury, inflammation, and thrombosis. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), an enzyme expressed on the plasmalemma of leukocytes and endothelial cells, suppresses platelet activation and leukocyte infiltration by phosphohydrolyzing ATP/ADP. To investigate the effects of increased CD39 in an in vivo cerebral ischemia model, we developed a transgenic mouse expressing human CD39 (hCD39). METHODS A floxed-stop sequence was inserted between the promoter and the hCD39 transcriptional start site, generating a mouse in which the expression of hCD39 can be controlled tissue-specifically using Cre recombinase mice. We generated mice that express hCD39 globally or in myeloid-lineage cells only. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volumes were quantified by MRI after 48 hours. RESULTS Both global and transgenic hCD39- and myeloid lineage CD39-overexpressing mice (transgenic, n=9; myeloid lineage, n=6) demonstrated significantly smaller cerebral infarct volumes compared with wild-type mice. Leukocytes from ischemic and contralateral hemispheres were analyzed by flow cytometry. Although contralateral hemispheres had equal numbers of macrophages and neutrophils, ischemic hemispheres from transgenic mice had less infiltration (n=4). Transgenic mice showed less neurological deficit compared with wild-type mice (n=6). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of transgenic overexpression of CD39 in mice imparting a protective phenotype after stroke, with reduced leukocyte infiltration, smaller infarct volumes, and decreased neurological deficit. CD39 overexpression, either globally or in myeloid lineage cells, quenches postischemic leukosequestration and reduces stroke-induced neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Baek
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - Nadia R Sutton
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - Danica Petrovic-Djergovic
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - Hui Liao
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - Jessica J Ray
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - Joan Park
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.)
| | - David J Pinsky
- From Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.E.B., D.J.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (N.R.S., D.P.-D, H.L., J.R., Y.K., D.J.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and Section of Cardiology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI (J.P.).
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38
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Guo FX, Hu YW, Zheng L, Wang Q. Shear Stress in Autophagy and Its Possible Mechanisms in the Process of Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:335-346. [PMID: 28287831 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can eliminate harmful components and maintain cellular homeostasis in response to a series of extracellular insults in eukaryotes. More and more studies show that autophagy plays vital roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease and shear stress acts as a key role in its process. Understanding the role of shear stress in autophagy may offer insight into atherosclerosis therapies, especially emerging targeted therapy. In this article, we retrospect related studies to summarize the present comprehension of the association between autophagy and atherosclerosis onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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39
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Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28258700 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12528]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are newly developing interventions that modify the patient's immune system to fight cancer, by either directly stimulating rejection-type processes or blocking suppressive pathways. Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes and encompass aspects of the biochemistry of these molecules as well as detailing the distribution and function on immune cells. Effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic and other purinergic-targeting therapies and forecast how these might develop in combination with other anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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40
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Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28258700 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12528] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are newly developing interventions that modify the patient's immune system to fight cancer, by either directly stimulating rejection-type processes or blocking suppressive pathways. Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes and encompass aspects of the biochemistry of these molecules as well as detailing the distribution and function on immune cells. Effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic and other purinergic-targeting therapies and forecast how these might develop in combination with other anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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41
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Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:121-144. [PMID: 28258700 PMCID: PMC5338647 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are newly developing interventions that modify the patient's immune system to fight cancer, by either directly stimulating rejection-type processes or blocking suppressive pathways. Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes and encompass aspects of the biochemistry of these molecules as well as detailing the distribution and function on immune cells. Effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic and other purinergic-targeting therapies and forecast how these might develop in combination with other anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, USA. 02215
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, USA. 02215
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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42
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Platelets and von Willebrand factor in atherogenesis. Blood 2017; 129:1415-1419. [PMID: 28174163 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-692673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation in acute atherothrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke is well established. There is increasing evidence that platelet-endothelial interactions also contribute to early atherosclerotic plaque initiation and growth. Through these interactions, platelet-derived factors can contribute to the proinflammatory and mitogenic status of resident mural cells. Among the many putative mechanisms for platelet-endothelial interactions, increased endothelial-associated von Willebrand factor, particularly in a multimerized form, which interacts with platelet glycoproteins and integrins, is a major factor and represents a therapeutic target in early atherogenesis.
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Sutton NR, Hayasaki T, Hyman MC, Anyanwu AC, Liao H, Petrovic-Djergovic D, Badri L, Baek AE, Walker N, Fukase K, Kanthi Y, Visovatti SH, Horste EL, Ray JJ, Goonewardena SN, Pinsky DJ. Ectonucleotidase CD39-driven control of postinfarction myocardial repair and rupture. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89504. [PMID: 28097233 PMCID: PMC5213916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction (MI) are often fatal. Little is known about endogenous factors that predispose to myocardial rupture after MI. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39) could be a critical mediator of propensity to myocardial rupture after MI due to its role in modulating inflammation and thrombosis. Using a model of permanent coronary artery ligation, rupture was virtually abrogated in cd39-/- mice versus cd39+/+ controls, with elevated fibrin and collagen deposition and marked neutrophil and macrophage influx. Macrophages were found to display increased surface expression of CD301 and CD206, marking a reparative phenotype, driven by increased extracellular ATP and IL-4 in the infarcted myocardium of cd39-/- mice. A myeloid-specific CD39-knockout mouse also demonstrated protection from rupture, with an attenuated rupture phenotype, suggesting that complete ablation of CD39 provides the greatest degree of protection in this model. Absence of CD39, either globally or in a myeloid lineage-restricted fashion, skews the phenotype toward alternatively activated (reparative) macrophage infiltration following MI. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized and unexpected role of endogenous CD39 to skew macrophage phenotype and promote a propensity to myocardial rupture after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Takanori Hayasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Matthew C. Hyman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Anuli C. Anyanwu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Hui Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Linda Badri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Amy E. Baek
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Natalie Walker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Keigo Fukase
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Section of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott H. Visovatti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ellen L. Horste
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Jessica J. Ray
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Sascha N. Goonewardena
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Section of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David J. Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center
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Pircher A, Treps L, Bodrug N, Carmeliet P. Endothelial cell metabolism: A novel player in atherosclerosis? Basic principles and therapeutic opportunities. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:247-257. [PMID: 27594537 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Despite improved insight into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic options, additional treatment strategies are required. Emerging evidence highlights the relevance of endothelial cell (EC) metabolism for angiogenesis, and indicates that EC metabolism is perturbed when ECs become dysfunctional to promote atherogenesis. In this review, we overview the latest insights on EC metabolism and discuss current knowledge on how atherosclerosis deregulates EC metabolism, and how maladaptation of deregulated EC metabolism can contribute to atherosclerosis progression. We will also highlight possible therapeutic avenues, based on targeting EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pircher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Natalia Bodrug
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Adhesion and Angiogenesis, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
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Yao P, Zhao H, Mo W, He P. Laminar Shear Stress Promotes Vascular Endothelial Cell Autophagy Through Upregulation with Rab4. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:118-23. [PMID: 26716952 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Yao
- ICU of the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Mo
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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