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Kajiwara N, Kakihana M, Maeda J, Kaneko M, Ota S, Enomoto A, Ikeda N, Sugimoto M. Salivary metabolomic biomarkers for non-invasive lung cancer detection. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1695-1705. [PMID: 38417449 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer is crucial. Non-invasively available saliva is an ideal biofluid for biomarker exploration; however, the rationale underlying biomarker detection from organs distal to the oral cavity in saliva requires clarification. Therefore, we analyzed metabolomic profiles of cancer tissues compared with those of adjacent non-cancerous tissues, as well as plasma and saliva samples collected from patients with lung cancer (n = 109 pairs). Additionally, we analyzed plasma and saliva samples collected from control participants (n = 83 and 71, respectively). Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed to comprehensively quantify hydrophilic metabolites. Paired tissues were compared, revealing 53 significantly different metabolites. Plasma and saliva showed 44 and 40 significantly different metabolites, respectively, between patients and controls. Of these, 12 metabolites exhibited significant differences in all three comparisons and primarily belonged to the polyamine and amino acid pathways; N1-acetylspermidine exhibited the highest discrimination ability. A combination of 12 salivary metabolites was evaluated using a machine learning method to differentiate patients with lung cancer from controls. Salivary data were randomly split into training and validation datasets. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.744 for cross-validation using training data and 0.792 for validation data. This model exhibited a higher discrimination ability for N1-acetylspermidine than that for other metabolites. The probability of lung cancer calculated using this model was independent of most patient characteristics. These results suggest that consistently different salivary biomarkers in both plasma and lung tissues might facilitate non-invasive lung cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kajiwara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center of Tokyo Medical College Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Kaneko
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ayame Enomoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abodi M, Mazzocchi A, Risé P, Marangoni F, Agostoni C, Milani GP. Salivary fatty acids in humans: a comprehensive literature review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0177. [PMID: 38634552 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) exert diverse biological functions in humans, influencing physiological responses and, ultimately, health and disease risk. The analysis of FAs in human samples has significant implications and attracts interest in diagnostics and research. The standard method for assessing FA profiles involves the collection of blood samples, which can be inconvenient, invasive, and potentially painful, particularly for young individuals outside hospital settings. Saliva emerged as a promising alternative for evaluating FA profiles in both clinical and research settings. However, to the best of our knowledge, an updated synthesis of the related evidence is unavailable. This comprehensive review aims to summarize data on FA analysis and highlight the potential of the use of salivary FAs as a biomarker in health and disease. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying salivary FAs in chronic diseases, and more recently, researchers have explored the prognostic value of FAs in acute conditions to check the availability of a non-invasive sampling methodology. A deeper understanding of salivary FAs could have relevant implications both for healthy individuals and patients, particularly in elucidating the correlation between the dietary lipidic content and salivary FA level, Finally, it is crucial to address the standardization of the methods as the sampling, processing, and analysis of saliva are heterogeneous among studies, and limited correlation between blood FAs and salivary FAs is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Abodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Yu X, Devine D, Vernon J. Manipulating the diseased oral microbiome: the power of probiotics and prebiotics. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2307416. [PMID: 38304119 PMCID: PMC10833113 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2307416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease are amongst the most prevalent global disorders. Their aetiology is rooted in microbial activity within the oral cavity, through the generation of detrimental metabolites and the instigation of potentially adverse host immune responses. Due to the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance, alternative approaches to readdress the balance are necessary. Advances in sequencing technologies have established relationships between disease and oral dysbiosis, and commercial enterprises seek to identify probiotic and prebiotic formulations to tackle preventable oral disorders through colonisation with, or promotion of, beneficial microbes. It is the metabolic characteristics and immunomodulatory capabilities of resident species which underlie health status. Research emphasis on the metabolic environment of the oral cavity has elucidated relationships between commensal and pathogenic organisms, for example, the sequential metabolism of fermentable carbohydrates deemed central to acid production in cariogenicity. Therefore, a focus on the preservation of an ecological homeostasis in the oral environment may be the most appropriate approach to health conservation. In this review we discuss an ecological approach to the maintenance of a healthy oral environment and debate the potential use of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, specifically targeted at sustaining oral niches to preserve the delicately balanced microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Yu
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D.A. Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J.J. Vernon
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Freitas-Fernandes LB, Fontes GP, Letieri ADS, Valente AP, Souza IPRD, Fidalgo TKDS. NMR-Based Metabolomics Demonstrates a Metabolic Change during Early Developmental Stages from Healthy Infants to Young Children. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030445. [PMID: 36984885 PMCID: PMC10058828 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the salivary metabolic profile of healthy infants and young children, and to correlate this with age, salivary gland maturation, and dentition. Forty-eight children were selected after clinical evaluation in which all intraoral structures were examined. Total unstimulated saliva was collected, and salivary metabolites were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) at 25 °C. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA), and univariate analysis were used, adopting a 95% confidence interval. The study showed a distinct salivary metabolomic profile related to age and developmental phase. The saliva of children in the pre-eruption teeth period showed a different metabolite profile than that of children after the eruption. However, more evident changes were observed in the saliva profile of children older than 30 months. Alanine, choline, ethanol, lactate, and sugar region were found in higher levels in the saliva of patients before 30 months old. Acetate, N-acetyl sugar, butyrate, caproate, creatinine, leucine, phenylalanine, propionate, valine, succinate, and valerate were found to be more abundant in the saliva of children after 30 months old. The saliva profile is a result of changes in age and dental eruption, and these findings can be useful for monitoring the physiological changes that occur in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira Fontes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Letieri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro de Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil
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Saliva Metabolomic Profile in Dental Medicine Research: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030379. [PMID: 36984819 PMCID: PMC10052075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic research tends to increase in popularity over the years, leading to the identification of new biomarkers related to specific health disorders. Saliva is one of the most newly introduced and systematically developed biofluids in the human body that can serve as an informative substance in the metabolomic profiling armamentarium. This review aims to analyze the current knowledge regarding the human salivary metabolome, its alterations due to physiological, environmental and external factors, as well as the limitations and drawbacks presented in the most recent research conducted, focusing on pre—analytical and analytical workflows. Furthermore, the use of the saliva metabolomic profile as a promising biomarker for several oral pathologies, such as oral cancer and periodontitis will be investigated.
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Li K, Wang J, Du N, Sun Y, Sun Q, Yin W, Li H, Meng L, Liu X. Salivary microbiome and metabolome analysis of severe early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36658579 PMCID: PMC9850820 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe early childhood caries (SECC) is an inflammatory disease with complex pathology. Although changes in the oral microbiota and metabolic profile of patients with SECC have been identified, the salivary metabolites and the relationship between oral bacteria and biochemical metabolism remains unclear. We aimed to analyse alterations in the salivary microbiome and metabolome of children with SECC as well as their correlations. Accordingly, we aimed to explore potential salivary biomarkers in order to gain further insight into the pathophysiology of dental caries. METHODS We collected 120 saliva samples from 30 children with SECC and 30 children without caries. The microbial community was identified through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, we conducted non-targeted metabolomic analysis through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to determine the relative metabolite levels and their correlation with the clinical caries status. RESULTS There was a significant between-group difference in 8 phyla and 32 genera in the microbiome. Further, metabolomic and enrichment analyses revealed significantly altered 32 salivary metabolites in children with dental caries, which involved pathways such as amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling pathway. Moreover, four in vivo differential metabolites (2-benzylmalate, epinephrine, 2-formaminobenzoylacetate, and 3-Indoleacrylic acid) might be jointly applied as biomarkers (area under the curve = 0.734). Furthermore, the caries status was correlated with microorganisms and metabolites. Additionally, Spearman's correlation analysis of differential microorganisms and metabolites revealed that Veillonella, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, and Porphyromonas were closely associated with differential metabolites. CONCLUSION This study identified different microbial communities and metabolic profiles in saliva, which may be closely related to caries status. Our findings could inform future strategies for personalized caries prevention, detection, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Du
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanjie Sun
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Sun
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiwei Yin
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiying Li
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuecong Liu
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang LJ, Liu L, Ju W, Yao WX, Yang XH, Qian WH. 20 abnormal metabolites of Stage IV Grade C periodontitis was discovered by CPSI-MS. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610739. [PMID: 36567980 PMCID: PMC9768691 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a noninvasive biofluid that contains the metabolic signature of severe periodontitis (SP, Stage IV and Grade C). Conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry (CPSI-MS) was used to record a wide range of metabolites within a few seconds, making this technique a promising point-of-care method for the early detection of SP (Stage IV and Grade C). Saliva samples from 31 volunteers, consisting of 16 healthy controls (HC) and 15 patients with SP (Stage IV and Grade C), were collected to identify dysregulated metabolites. Twenty metabolites were screened out, including seven amino acids. Moreover, the results showed that amino acid metabolism is closely related to the development of periodontitis. The present study further confirmed that salivary metabolites in the oral cavity were significantly altered after plaque removal. These results suggest that the combination of CPSI-MS is a feasible tool for preclinical screening of SP (Stage IV and Grade C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Periodontitis, Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Xin Yao
- Department of Periodontitis, Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Hu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Wen-Hao Qian, ; Xi-Hu Yang,
| | - Wen-Hao Qian
- Department of Periodontitis, Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wen-Hao Qian, ; Xi-Hu Yang,
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Foratori-Junior GA, Guennec AL, Fidalgo TKDS, Cleaver L, Buzalaf MAR, Carpenter GH, Sales-Peres SHDC. Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Obesity and Periodontitis during Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Study with Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1H-NMR)-Based Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111029. [PMID: 36355112 PMCID: PMC9694155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the metabolomic signature associated with obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy in plasma and saliva biofluids. Ninety-eight pregnant women were divided into: with obesity and periodontitis (OP = 20), with obesity but without periodontitis (OWP = 27), with normal BMI but with periodontitis (NP = 21), with normal BMI and without periodontitis (NWP = 30). Saliva and plasma were analyzed by 1H-NMR for metabolites identification. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA), and Variable Importance of Projection (VIP) were performed. ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were applied (p < 0.05). Plasmatic analysis indicated the levels of glucose (p = 0.041) and phenylalanine (p = 0.015) were positively correlated with periodontal parameters and BMI, respectively. In saliva, periodontitis was mainly associated with high levels of acetic acid (p = 0.024), isovaleric acid, butyric acid, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and propionic acid (p < 0.001). High salivary concentrations of glycine (p = 0.015), succinic acid (p = 0.015), and lactate (p = 0.026) were associated with obesity. Saliva demonstrated a more elucidative difference than plasma, indicating the glucose-alanine cycle, alanine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, glutamate metabolism, and Warburg effect as the main metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.-J.); (S.H.d.C.S.-P.)
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.-J.); (S.H.d.C.S.-P.)
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Brito F, Curcio HFQ, da Silva Fidalgo TK. Periodontal disease metabolomics signatures from different biofluids: a systematic review. Metabolomics 2022; 18:83. [PMID: 36282436 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is resulted from a complex interaction between genetics and epigenetics, microbial factors, and the host response. Metabolomics analyses reflect both the steady-state physiological equilibrium of cells or organisms as well as their dynamic metabolic responses to environmental stimuli. AIM OF REVIEW This systematic review of the literature aimed to assess which low molecular weight metabolites are more often found in biological fluids of individuals with periodontitis compared to individuals with gingivitis or periodontal health. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW All the included studies employed untargeted analysis. One or more biological fluids were analyzed, including saliva (n = 14), gingival crevicular fluid (n = 6), mouthwash (n = 1), serum (n = 3) and plasma (n = 1). Fifty-six main metabolites related to periodontitis have been identified in at least two independent studies by NMR spectroscopy or MS-based metabolomics. Saliva was the main biological fluid sampled. It is noteworthy that 14 metabolites of the 56 detected were identified as main metabolites in all studies that sampled the saliva. The majority of metabolites found consistently among studies were amino acids, organic acids and derivates: acetate, alanine, butyrate, formate, GABA, lactate, propionate, phenylalanine and valine. They were either up- or down-regulated in the studies or this information was not mentioned. The main metabolic pathway was related to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Metabolites more frequently found in individuals with periodontitis were related to both the host and to microorganism responses. Future studies are needed, and they should follow some methodological standards to facilitate their comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Brito
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Departament of Periodontology, Dental School, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | | | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Tang B, Yan C, Shen X, Li Y. The bidirectional biological interplay between microbiome and viruses in periodontitis and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885029. [PMID: 36131931 PMCID: PMC9483123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis was an inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiosis of the oral flora characterized by a chronic sustained inflammation inducing the resorption of alveolar bone and leading to tooth loss. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) was a metabolic disease caused by impaired insulin action. The oral microbiome played a crucial role in modulating both the innate and adaptive immune system during the trigger and exacerbation of periodontitis and T2D. The bidirectional relationship of T2D and periodontitis had been the focus of intensive research, but those were not well explored. In this commentary, an in-depth analysis of the changes of microbiome and bacterial metabolites in periodontitis with or without diabetes was described. The promotion of periodontitis to T2D might involve inflammatory factors/receptors, oxidative stress, microRNA and so on. The effect of diabetes on periodontitis might involve adipose factor pathway, AGE/RAGE and RANK/RANKL pathway etc. Generally, periodontitis and diabetes are closely related to the microecological-epithelial interaction, soft tissue degradation, bone coupling disorder, immune regulation and gene transcription. The viruses, including HBV, HCV, HSV-1, Coronavirus, HCMV, EBV, HIV, phageome and so on, played an important role in the development of T2D and periodontitis. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between microbiome and host was of great significance to clarify the bidirectional mechanisms, suggesting that the periodontitis or T2D remission will have a positive impact on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li,
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Panneerselvam K, Ishikawa S, Krishnan R, Sugimoto M. Salivary Metabolomics for Oral Cancer Detection: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050436. [PMID: 35629940 PMCID: PMC9144467 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of low- or non-invasive screening tests for cancer is crucial for early detection. Saliva is an ideal biofluid containing informative components for monitoring oral and systemic diseases. Metabolomics has frequently been used to identify and quantify numerous metabolites in saliva samples, serving as novel biomarkers associated with various conditions, including cancers. This review summarizes the recent applications of salivary metabolomics in biomarker discovery in oral cancers. We discussed the prevalence, epidemiologic characteristics, and risk factors of oral cancers, as well as the currently available screening programs, in India and Japan. These data imply that the development of biomarkers by itself is inadequate in cancer detection. The use of current diagnostic methods and new technologies is necessary for efficient salivary metabolomics analysis. We also discuss the gap between biomarker discovery and nationwide screening for the early detection of oral cancer and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Panneerselvam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Palayanoor PO, Madurantagam Taluk, Kancheepuram 603308, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Rajkumar Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0811, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-235-29-0528
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12
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Ford L, Mitchell M, Wulff J, Evans A, Kennedy A, Elsea S, Wittmann B, Toal D. Clinical metabolomics for inborn errors of metabolism. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 107:79-138. [PMID: 35337606 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a highly regulated process that provides nutrients to cells and essential building blocks for the synthesis of protein, DNA and other macromolecules. In healthy biological systems, metabolism maintains a steady state in which the concentrations of metabolites are relatively constant yet are subject to metabolic demands and environmental stimuli. Rare genetic disorders, such as inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), cause defects in regulatory enzymes or proteins leading to metabolic pathway disruption and metabolite accumulation or deficiency. Traditionally, the laboratory diagnosis of IEMs has been limited to analytical methods that target specific metabolites such as amino acids and acyl carnitines. This approach is effective as a screening method for the most common IEM disorders but lacks the comprehensive coverage of metabolites that is necessary to identify rare disorders that present with nonspecific clinical symptoms. Fortunately, advancements in technology and data analytics has introduced a new field of study called metabolomics which has allowed scientists to perform comprehensive metabolite profiling of biological systems to provide insight into mechanism of action and gene function. Since metabolomics seeks to measure all small molecule metabolites in a biological specimen, it provides an innovative approach to evaluating disease in patients with rare genetic disorders. In this review we provide insight into the appropriate application of metabolomics in clinical settings. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the method and provide details related to the technology, data analytics and statistical modeling required for metabolomic profiling of patients with IEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ford
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | | | - Jacob Wulff
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Annie Evans
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | | | - Sarah Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Douglas Toal
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States.
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13
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Uchida H, Ovitt CE. Novel impacts of saliva with regard to oral health. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:383-391. [PMID: 34140141 PMCID: PMC8669010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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14
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Wang L, Li Y, Ren M, Wang X, Li L, Liu F, Lan Y, Yang S, Song J. pH and lipase-responsive nanocarrier-mediated dual drug delivery system to treat periodontitis in diabetic rats. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:254-266. [PMID: 35387157 PMCID: PMC8961308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise and controlled drug delivery to treat periodontitis in patients with diabetes remains a significant clinical challenge. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a potential therapeutic strategy; however, the low loading efficiency, non-responsiveness, and single effect of conventional nanoparticles hinder their clinical application. In this study, we designed a novel self-assembled, dual responsive, and dual drug-loading nanocarrier system, which comprised two parts: the hydrophobic lipid core formed by 1, 2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-Poly (ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG) loaded with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA); and a hydrophilic shell comprising a poly (amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) that electrostatically adsorbed minocycline hydrochloride (Mino). This unique design allows the controlled release of antioxidant/ALA under lipase stimulation from periodontal pathogens and antimicrobial/Mino under the low pH of the inflammatory microenvironment. In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed that this dual nanocarrier could inhibit the formation of subgingival microbial colonies while promoting osteogenic differentiation of cells under diabetic pathological conditions, and ameliorated periodontal bone resorption. This effective and versatile drug-delivery strategy has good potential applications to inhibit diabetes-associated periodontal bone loss. The nanocarriers are pH and lipase sensitive for controlled drug release. The nanocarriers simultaneously exert antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic functions via the controlled release of antibacterial/Mino and antioxidant/ALA. The nanocarriers offer a promising strategy to treat periodontitis under DM conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhou Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxing Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Uzoukwu EU, Phandanouvong-Lozano V, Usman H, Sfeir C, Niepa THR. Droplet-based microsystems as novel assessment tools for oral microbial dynamics. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 55:107903. [PMID: 34990774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome comprises thousands of microbial species that live in and on the body and play critical roles in human health and disease. Recent findings on the interplay among members of the oral microbiome, defined by a personalized set of microorganisms, have elucidated the role of bacteria and yeasts in oral health and diseases including dental caries, halitosis, and periodontal infections. However, the majority of these studies rely on traditional culturing methods which are limited in their ability of replicating the oral microenvironment, and therefore fail to evaluate key microbial interactions in microbiome dynamics. Novel culturing methods have emerged to address this shortcoming. Here, we reviewed the potential of droplet-based microfluidics as an alternative approach for culturing microorganisms and assessing the oral microbiome dynamics. We discussed the state of the art and recent progress in the field of oral microbiology. Although at its infancy, droplet-based microtechnology presents an interesting potential for elucidating oral microbial dynamics and pathophysiology. We highlight how new findings provided by current microfluidic-based methodologies could advance the investigation of the oral microbiome. We anticipate that our work involving the droplet-based microfluidic technique with a semipermeable membrane will lay the foundations for future microbial dynamics studies and further expand the knowledge of the oral microbiome and its implication in oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huda Usman
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tagbo H R Niepa
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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16
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BRAGARD LCA, SETE MRC, FREITAS-FERNANDES LB, SZTAJNBOK FR, FIGUEREDO CM, VALENTE AP, FIDALGO TKDS, SILVA FDB. Salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e0128. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Sakanaka A, Kuboniwa M, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Tanaka Isomura E, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E, Amano A. Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:742002. [PMID: 34589520 PMCID: PMC8473679 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.742002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests links between periodontitis and various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which often coexist in individuals with abdominal obesity, factors linking periodontal inflammation to common metabolic alterations remain to be fully elucidated. More detailed characterization of metabolomic profiles associated with multiple oral and cardiometabolic traits may provide better understanding of the complexity of oral-systemic crosstalk and its underlying mechanism. We performed comprehensive profiling of plasma and salivary metabolomes using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate multivariate covariation with clinical markers of oral and systemic health in 31 T2D patients with metabolic comorbidities and 30 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) results enabled more accurate characterization of associations among 11 oral and 25 systemic clinical outcomes, and 143 salivary and 78 plasma metabolites. In particular, metabolites that reflect cardiometabolic changes were identified in both plasma and saliva, with plasma and salivary ratios of (mannose + allose):1,5-anhydroglucitol achieving areas under the curve of 0.99 and 0.92, respectively, for T2D diagnosis. Additionally, OPLS analysis of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) as the numerical response variable revealed shared and unique responses of metabolomic and clinical markers to PISA between healthy and T2D groups. When combined with linear regression models, we found a significant correlation between PISA and multiple metabolites in both groups, including threonate, cadaverine and hydrocinnamate in saliva, as well as lactate and pentadecanoic acid in plasma, of which plasma lactate showed a predominant trend in the healthy group. Unique metabolites associated with PISA in the T2D group included plasma phosphate and salivary malate, while those in the healthy group included plasma gluconate and salivary adenosine. Remarkably, higher PISA was correlated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in both groups, including higher levels of triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, leading to increased risk of cardiometabolic disease based on a score summarizing levels of CVD-related biomarkers. These findings revealed the potential utility of saliva for evaluating the risk of metabolic disorders without need for a blood test, and provide evidence that disrupted liver lipid metabolism may underlie the link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Identification of Possible Salivary Metabolic Biomarkers and Altered Metabolic Pathways in South American Patients Diagnosed with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100650. [PMID: 34677365 PMCID: PMC8537096 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 90% of oral malignant neoplasms. The search for specific biomarkers for OSCC is a very active field of research contributing to establishing early diagnostic methods and unraveling underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In this work we investigated the salivary metabolites and the metabolic pathways of OSCC aiming find possible biomarkers. Salivary metabolites samples from 27 OSCC patients and 41 control individuals were compared through a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. Our results allowed identification of pathways of the malate-aspartate shuttle, the beta-alanine metabolism, and the Warburg effect. The possible salivary biomarkers were identified using the area under receiver-operating curve (AUC) criterion. Twenty-four metabolites were identified with AUC > 0.8. Using the threshold of AUC = 0.9 we find malic acid, maltose, protocatechuic acid, lactose, 2-ketoadipic, and catechol metabolites expressed. We notice that this is the first report of salivary metabolome in South American oral cancer patients, to the best of our knowledge. Our findings regarding these metabolic changes are important in discovering salivary biomarkers of OSCC patients. However, additional work needs to be performed considering larger populations to validate our results.
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19
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Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090587. [PMID: 34564402 PMCID: PMC8469343 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a useful biological fluid and a valuable source of biological information. Saliva contains many of the same components that can be found in blood or serum, but the components of interest tend to be at a lower concentration in saliva, and their analysis demands more sensitive techniques. Metabolomics is starting to emerge as a viable method for assessing the salivary metabolites which are generated by the biochemical processes in elucidating the pathways underlying different oral and systemic diseases. In oral diseases, salivary metabolomics has concentrated on periodontitis and oral cancer. Salivary metabolites of systemic diseases have been investigated mostly in the early diagnosis of different cancer, but also neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review article aims to highlight the challenges and possibilities of salivary metabolomics from a clinical viewpoint. Furthermore, applications of the salivary metabolic profile in diagnosis and prognosis, monitoring the treatment success, and planning of personalized treatment of oral and systemic diseases are discussed.
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20
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Overmyer KA, Rhoads TW, Merrill AE, Ye Z, Westphall MS, Acharya A, Shukla SK, Coon JJ. Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics and 16S DNA sequencing of dental plaque from patients with diabetes and periodontal disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100126. [PMID: 34332123 PMCID: PMC8426274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome influences human health, specifically prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PDs), through complex microbial interactions. To explore these relations, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses on supragingival dental plaque collected from individuals with Pre-DM/DM (n = 39), Pre-DM/DM and PD (n = 37), PD alone (n = 11), or neither (n = 10). We identified on average 2790 operational taxonomic units and 2025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids. Plaque samples from Pre-DM/DM patients contained higher abundance of Fusobacterium and Tannerella than plaques from metabolically healthy patients. Phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl phosphatidylcholines, ceramides containing non-OH fatty acids, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were elevated in plaques from PD versus non-PD samples. Cross-omic correlation analysis enabled the detection of a strong association between Lautropia and monomethyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-NMe), which is striking because synthesis of PE-NMe is uncommon in oral bacteria. Lipidomics analysis of in vitro cultures of Lautropia mirabilis confirmed the synthesis of PE-NMe by the bacteria. This comprehensive analysis revealed a novel microbial metabolic pathway and significant associations of host-derived proteins with PD. Patients with periodontal disease or diabetes have unique microbial dysbiosis. Proteomics and 16S data provide complementary information about microbial diversity. Cross-omic correlation reveals host signatures associated with periodontal disease. Multi-omic data lead to finding about microbially synthesized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhan Ye
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amit Acharya
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Sanjay K Shukla
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA; Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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21
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Kim S, Kim HJ, Song Y, Lee HA, Kim S, Chung J. Metabolic phenotyping of saliva to identify possible biomarkers of periodontitis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1240-1249. [PMID: 34189748 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to propose biomarker candidates for periodontitis via untargeted metabolomics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic profiling was performed using saliva samples from 92 healthy controls (H) and 129 periodontitis patients (P) in the discovery cohort using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Random forest was applied to identify metabolites that significantly differentiated the control group from the periodontitis group. Candidate metabolites were then validated in an independent validation cohort. RESULTS In the discovery set, the metabolic profiles of the P group were clearly separated from those of the H group. A total of 31 metabolites were identified in saliva, and 7 metabolites were selected as candidate biomarkers. These metabolites were further confirmed in the validation set. Ethanol, taurine, isovalerate, butyrate, and glucose were finally confirmed as biomarkers. Furthermore, the biomarker panel showed more than 0.9 of the area under curve value in both discovery and validation sets, indicating that panels were more effective than individual metabolites for diagnosing periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS We identified five metabolite biomarkers that discriminated patients with periodontitis from healthy controls in two independent cohorts. These biomarkers have the potential for periodontal screening, detection of periodontitis, and monitoring of the outcome of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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22
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Andörfer L, Holtfreter B, Weiss S, Matthes R, Pitchika V, Schmidt CO, Samietz S, Kastenmüller G, Nauck M, Völker U, Völzke H, Csonka LN, Suhre K, Pietzner M, Kocher T. Salivary metabolites associated with a 5-year tooth loss identified in a population-based setting. BMC Med 2021; 19:161. [PMID: 34256740 PMCID: PMC8278731 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is among the most common chronic diseases worldwide, and it is one of the main reasons for tooth loss. Comprehensive profiling of the metabolite content of the saliva can enable the identification of novel pathways associated with periodontitis and highlight non-invasive markers to facilitate time and cost-effective screening efforts for the presence of periodontitis and the prediction of tooth loss. METHODS We first investigated cross-sectional associations of 13 oral health variables with saliva levels of 562 metabolites, measured by untargeted mass spectrometry among a sub-sample (n = 938) of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2) using linear regression models adjusting for common confounders. We took forward any candidate metabolite associated with at least two oral variables, to test for an association with a 5-year tooth loss over and above baseline oral health status using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS We identified 84 saliva metabolites that were associated with at least one oral variable cross-sectionally, for a subset of which we observed robust replication in an independent study. Out of 34 metabolites associated with more than two oral variables, baseline saliva levels of nine metabolites were positively associated with a 5-year tooth loss. Across all analyses, the metabolites 2-pyrrolidineacetic acid and butyrylputrescine were the most consistent candidate metabolites, likely reflecting oral dysbiosis. Other candidate metabolites likely reflected tissue destruction and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted metabolic profiling of saliva replicated metabolic signatures of periodontal status and revealed novel metabolites associated with periodontitis and future tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Andörfer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rutger Matthes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical Epidemiology Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Samietz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical Epidemiology Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laszlo N Csonka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Barbour A, Elebyary O, Fine N, Oveisi M, Glogauer M. Metabolites of the Oral Microbiome: Important Mediators of Multi-Kingdom Interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6316110. [PMID: 34227664 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity hosts over 700 different microbial species that produce a rich reservoir of bioactive metabolites critical to oral health maintenance. Over the last two decades, new insights into the oral microbiome and its importance in health and disease have emerged mainly due to the discovery of new oral microbial species using next-generation sequencing (NGS). This advancement has revolutionized the documentation of unique microbial profiles associated with different niches and health/disease states within the oral cavity and the relation of the oral bacteria to systemic diseases. However, less work has been done to identify and characterize the unique oral microbial metabolites that play critical roles in maintaining equilibrium between the various oral microbial species and their human hosts. This article discusses the most significant microbial metabolites produced by these diverse communities of oral bacteria that can either foster health or contribute to disease. Finally, we shed light on how advances in genomics and genome mining can provide a high throughput platform for discovering novel bioactive metabolites derived from the human oral microbiome to tackle emerging human infections and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelahhad Barbour
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Omnia Elebyary
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Morvarid Oveisi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2M9, Canada
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24
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Haririan H, Andrukhov O, Laky M, Rausch-Fan X. Saliva as a Source of Biomarkers for Periodontitis and Periimplantitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.687638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva has the potential to be used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for various diseases if biomarkers of an adequate sensitivity and specificity could be identified. Several reviews and even meta-analyses have been performed in recent years, which have found some candidate biomarkers for periodontitis, like macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, or hemoglobin. However, none of those are currently in use to replace conventional periodontal diagnostics with a periodontal probe. For periimplantitis, to date, heterogeneity of different study protocols and implant types did not permit to discover clear biomarkers, which were able to distinguish between healthy and diseased implants. Few proinflammatory cytokines, similar to periodontitis, have been characterized as adjunct tools to clinical diagnosis. The additional determination of antimicrobial peptides, bone turnover markers, and bacteria could help to enhance sensitivity and specificity in a combined model for periodontitis and periimplantitis. Furthermore, proteomic approaches might be preferred over single biomarker determinations. A global consensus is also needed to harmonize salivary sampling methods as well as procedures of biomarker analysis to ensure future comparability.
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25
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Lee CT, Li R, Zhu L, Tribble GD, Zheng WJ, Ferguson B, Maddipati KR, Angelov N, Van Dyke TE. Subgingival Microbiome and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Pathway Profiles Are Correlated in Periodontal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691216. [PMID: 34177951 PMCID: PMC8222734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of resolution pathways in periodontitis is reflected in levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and SPM pathway markers but their relationship with the subgingival microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to analyze and integrate lipid mediator level, SPM receptor gene expression and subgingival microbiome data in subjects with periodontitis vs. healthy controls. The study included 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis subjects that were evaluated prior to or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Samples of gingival tissue and subgingival plaque were collected prior to and 8 weeks after non-surgical treatment; only once in the healthy group. Metabololipidomic analysis was performed to measure levels of SPMs and other relevant lipid mediators in gingiva. qRT-PCR assessed relative gene expression (2-ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. 16S rRNA sequencing evaluated the relative abundance of bacterial species in subgingival plaque. Correlations between lipid mediator levels, receptor gene expression and bacterial abundance were analyzed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) and Sparse Partial Least Squares (SPLS) methods. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor genes and the subgingival microbiome were distinct in the three groups. The strongest correlation existed between lipid mediator profile and subgingival microbiome profile. Multiple lipid mediators and bacterial species were highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥0.6) in different periodontal conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to healthy controls revealed that one bacterial species, Corynebacterium durum, and five lipid mediators, 5(S)6(R)-DiHETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 7-HDHA, 13-HDHA and 14-HDHA, were identified in both conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to after treatment revealed that one bacterial species, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and four lipid mediators, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE, RvD1, Maresin 1 and LTB4, were identified in both conditions. Four Selenomonas species were highly correlated with RvD1, RvE3, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE and proinflammatory mediators in the periodontitis after treatment group. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor gene and subgingival microbiome are associated with periodontal inflammation and correlated with each other, suggesting inflammation mediated by lipid mediators influences microbial composition in periodontitis. The role of correlated individual lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontal inflammation have to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ruoxing Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brittney Ferguson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Chen ZY, Xu TT, Liang ZJ, Zhao L, Xiong XQ, Xie KK, Yu WX, Zeng XW, Gao J, Zhou YH, Luo G, Yu T. Untargeted and targeted gingival metabolome in rodents reveal metabolic links between high-fat diet-induced obesity and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1137-1148. [PMID: 33998036 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize gingival metabolome in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice with/without periodontitis. METHODS HFD-induced obesity mouse model was established by 16-week feeding, and a lean control group was fed with low-fat diet (n = 21/group). Both models were induced for periodontitis on the left sides by molar ligation for 10 days, whereas the right sides were used as controls. Gingival metabolome and arginine metabolism were analysed by non-targeted/targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of 2247 reference features, presence of periodontitis altered 165 in lean versus 885 in HFD mice; and HFD altered 525 in absence versus 1435 in presence of periodontitis. Compared with healthy condition, periodontitis and HFD had distinct effects on gingival metabolome. Metabolomic impacts of periodontitis were generally greater in HFD mice versus lean controls. K-medoids clustering showed that HFD amplified the impacts of periodontitis on gingival metabolome in both intensity and extensity. Ten metabolic pathways were enriched, including 2 specific to periodontitis, 5 specific to HFD and 3 shared ones. Targeted validation on arginine metabolism confirmed the additive effects between HFD and periodontitis. CONCLUSION The obese population consuming excessive HFD display amplified metabolic response to periodontitis, presenting a metabolic susceptibility to exacerbated periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yun Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Liang
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xiong
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun-Ke Xie
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan-Xin Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Hong Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Baima G, Iaderosa G, Citterio F, Grossi S, Romano F, Berta GN, Buduneli N, Aimetti M. Salivary metabolomics for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases: a systematic review with methodological quality assessment. Metabolomics 2021; 17:1. [PMID: 33387070 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early diagnosis of periodontitis by means of a rapid, accurate and non-invasive method is highly desirable to reduce the individual and epidemiological burden of this largely prevalent disease. OBJECTIVES The aims of the present systematic review were to examine potential salivary metabolic biomarkers and pathways associated to periodontitis, and to assess the accuracy of salivary untargeted metabolomics for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. METHODS Relevant studies identified from MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Scopus databases were systematically examined for analytical protocols, metabolic biomarkers and results from the multivariate analysis (MVA). Pathway analysis was performed using the MetaboAnalyst online software and quality assessment by means of a modified version of the QUADOMICS tool. RESULTS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 19 to 130 subjects. Compared to periodontally healthy individuals, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine and butyrate were found upregulated in periodontitis patients in most studies; while lactate, pyruvate and N-acetyl groups were the most significantly expressed in healthy individuals. Metabolic pathways that resulted dysregulated are mainly implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress, immune activation and bacterial energetic metabolism. The findings from MVA revealed that periodontitis is characterized by a specific metabolic signature in saliva, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.52 to 0.99. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review summarizes candidate metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to periodontitis, which may provide opportunities for the validation of diagnostic or predictive models and the discovery of novel targets for monitoring and treating such a disease (PROSPERO CRD42020188482).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Iaderosa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Grossi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni N Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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28
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Bostanci N, Grant M, Bao K, Silbereisen A, Hetrodt F, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN. Metaproteome and metabolome of oral microbial communities. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:46-81. [PMID: 33226703 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of high-throughput technologies for the comprehensive measurement of biomolecules, also referred to as "omics" technologies, has helped us gather "big data" and characterize microbial communities. In this article, we focus on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches that support hypothesis-driven investigations on various oral biologic samples. Proteomics reveals the working units of the oral milieu and metabolomics unveils the reactions taking place; and so these complementary techniques can unravel the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Current knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed, from both clinical and basic research perspectives. Communities indicative of, or from, health, caries, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions are represented. Challenges, future prospects, and examples of best practice are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Grant
- Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Hetrodt
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Abstract
Introduction: Saliva is an ideal biofluid that can be collected in a noninvasive manner, enabling safe and frequent screening of various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that salivary metabolomics analysis has the potential to detect both oral and systemic cancers. Area covered: We reviewed the technical aspects, as well as applications, of salivary metabolomics for cancer detection. The topics include the effects of preconditioning and the method of sample collection, sample storage, processing, measurement, data analysis, and validation of the results. We also examined the rational relationship between salivary biomarkers and tumors distant from the oral cavity. A strategy to establish standard operating protocols for obtaining reproducible quantification data is also discussed Expert opinion: Salivary metabolomics reflects oral and systematic health status, which potently enables cancer detection. The sensitivity and specificity of each marker and their combinations have been well evaluated, but a validation study is required. Further, the standard operating protocol for each procedure should be established to obtain reproducible data before clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Centre for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University , Yamagata, Japan
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30
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Su W, Shi J, Zhao Y, Li H, Lei L. Gingival fibroblasts dynamically reprogram cellular metabolism during infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104963. [PMID: 33157496 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to explore the sequential changes in the cellular metabolism in gingival fibroblasts (GFs) in response toPorphyromonas gingvalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC33277 infection. DESIGN GFs were treated withP. gingivalis at the MOI of 50 for 4, 24 and 48 h to mimic the early, medium, and late phase in the bacterial infection. LDH assay and cell counting kit-8 were utilized to explore cell death and proliferation. Real-time PCR was utilized to explore the gene transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. The relative levels of biomolecules in GFs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis were performed to visualize the metabolic difference among experimental groups. In addition, pathway analysis was conducted regarding differential metabolites in GFs. RESULTS P. gingivalis infection triggered significant gene transcription of IL-1β, IL 6, MCP 1, and MMP 1 in GFs. In addition, P. gingivalis stimulated cell proliferation of GFs at MOI of 10, 50 and 250. Moreover, P. gingivalis triggered significant cell death at higher MOI. 69, 173 and 148 metabolites were qualitatively detected at 4, 24 and 48 h after P. gingivalis infection respectively in GFs, showing a sequential change of different phase. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette transporters, glutathione, purine and pyrimidine metabolism was significantly altered in different phase. CONCLUSIONS Human GFs may sequentially rewire metabolomics to shape the inflammatory responses and support the proliferation of host cells during P. gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Su
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lang Lei
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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AlShahrani I, Hosmani J, AlShahrani A, Togoo RA, Syed S, Yassin SM, Chandramoorthy HC, Devaraj A. High altitude as a possible factor for dysbiosis of salivary microbiome in orthodontic patients. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104917. [PMID: 32971377 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External stressors such as high altitude and low oxygen are known to affect the human microbiome, and in light of the increased occurrence of dental caries and periodontitis in orthodontic patients, the effect of high altitude and the altered oral environment in orthodontic patients on the oral salivary microbiome was researched. MATERIALS & METHODS 31 orthodontic patients from high altitude, Aseer region and 25 orthodontic patients, residing at sea level, as controls were included. DNA isolation was done from the saliva collected from the study participants. V3 area of 16s RNA was targeted by universal primers through PCR to decipher the salivary microbiome in both the groups. RESULTS A total of 11 genera belonging to 4 phyla of bacteria were identified in both groups. The most abundant microbiome at the phylum level was: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. The salivary microbiome was more diverse in sea level controls compared to that of the orthodontic patients at high altitude wherein the presence of only two main phyla: Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were seen. The controls revealed Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study suggest that the biodiversity of the salivary microbiome is severely perturbed under the cumulative influences of high altitude and presence of fixed orthodontic appliance. Under these circumstances, a strict and meticulous oral hygiene regimen should be recommended and followed to avoid harmful effects on the periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlShahrani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jagadish Hosmani
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz AlShahrani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rafi Ahmad Togoo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sadatullah Syed
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed M Yassin
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anantharam Devaraj
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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McCracken BA, Nathalia Garcia M. Phylum Synergistetes in the oral cavity: A possible contributor to periodontal disease. Anaerobe 2020; 68:102250. [PMID: 32791127 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contributions to periodontal disease have been under renewed scrutiny with the advent of newer technologies to identify their presence and gene expression at the molecular level. Members of the phylum Synergistetes are some of the more recent bacteria to be associated with periodontal disease. Bacteria classified in this phylum can be found in a wide variety of habitats including both inside and outside of a mammalian host. Members of this phylum have been identified as part of the human microbiome. Indeed, many of the identified phylotypes have yet to be cultivated. Here we consider contributions of three named and formally described species to the oral microbial community and to pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Anne McCracken
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Growth, Development And Structure, 2800 College Ave., Alton, IL, 62002, USA.
| | - M Nathalia Garcia
- Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, Alton, IL, 62002, USA
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33
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Khurshid Z, Warsi I, Moin SF, Slowey PD, Latif M, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Biochemical analysis of oral fluids for disease detection. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 100:205-253. [PMID: 33453866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests used as part of routine health monitoring. The relatively recent introduction of salivary diagnostics has lead to a major paradigm shift in diagnostic analyses. Additionally, in this era of big data, oral fluid testing has shown promising outcomes in a number of fields, particularly the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Despite the analytical challenges involved in the interpretation of large datasets generated from biochemical studies involving bodily fluids, including saliva, many studies have identified novel oral biomarkers for diagnosing oral and systemic diseases. In this regard, oral biofluids, including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), dentinal tubular fluid (DTF), are now attracting increasing attention due to their important attributes, such as noninvasive sampling, easy handling, low cost, and more accurate diagnosis of oral diseases. Recently, the utilization of salivary diagnostics to evaluate systemic diseases and monitor general health has increased in popularity among clinicians. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which assist in the diagnosis of multiple diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), auto-immune and degenerative diseases, respiratory infections, oral diseases, and microbial (viral, bacterial and fungal) diseases. Moreover, due to its noninvasive nature and ease-of-adoption by children, it is now being used in mass screening programs, oral health-related studies and clinical trials in support of the development of therapeutic agents. The recent advent of highly sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, highly sensitives ELISAs, and homogeneous immunoassays, suggests that even small quantities of salivary biomarkers are able to be assayed accurately, providing opportunities for the development of many future diagnostic applications (including emerging technologies, such as point-of-care and rapid molecular technologies). The present article explores the omics and biochemical compositions of various oral biofluids with important value in diagnostics and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Warsi
- Masters in Medical Science and Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syed F Moin
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paul D Slowey
- Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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34
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Pei J, Li F, Xie Y, Liu J, Yu T, Feng X. Microbial and metabolomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in general chronic periodontitis patients: lessons for a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J 2020; 11:197-215. [PMID: 32547651 PMCID: PMC7272536 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives General chronic periodontitis (GCP) is a bacterial inflammatory disease with complex pathology. Despite extensive studies published on the variation in the oral microbiota and metabolic profiles of GCP patients, information is lacking regarding the correlation between host-bacterial interactions and biochemical metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the oral microbiome, the oral metabolome, and the link between them and to identify potential molecules as useful biomarkers for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in GCP. Methods In this study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from patients with GCP (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 28). The abundance of oral microbiota constituents was obtained by Illumina sequencing, and the relative level of metabolites was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Full-mouth probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing were recorded as indices of periodontal disease. Results The relative abundances of 7 phyla and 82 genera differed significantly between the GCP and healthy groups. Seventeen differential metabolites involved in different metabolism pathways were selected based on variable influence on projection values (VIP > 1) and P values (P < 0.05). Through Spearman's correlation analysis, microorganisms, metabolites in GCF, and clinical data together showed a clear trend, and clinical data regarding periodontitis can be reflected in the shift of the oral microbial community and the change in metabolites in GCF. A combination of citramalic acid and N-carbamylglutamate yielded satisfactory accuracy (AUC = 0.876) for the predictive diagnosis of GCP. Conclusions Dysbiosis in the polymicrobial community structure and changes in metabolism could be mechanisms underlying periodontitis. The differential microorganisms and metabolites in GCF between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals are possibly biomarkers, pointing to a potential strategy for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and management of personalized periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200000 China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200000 China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200000 China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200000 China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200000 China
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Nguyen T, Sedghi L, Ganther S, Malone E, Kamarajan P, Kapila YL. Host-microbe interactions: Profiles in the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:115-128. [PMID: 31850641 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal studies using transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics encompass the collection of mRNA transcripts, proteins, and small-molecule chemicals in the context of periodontal health and disease. The number of studies using these approaches has significantly increased in the last decade and they have provided new insight into the pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions that define periodontal diseases. This review provides an overview of current molecular findings using -omic approaches that underlie periodontal disease, including modulation of the host immune response, tissue homeostasis, and complex metabolic processes of the host and the oral microbiome. Integration of these -omic approaches will broaden our perspective of the molecular mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, advancing and improving the diagnosis and treatment of various stages and forms of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lea Sedghi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean Ganther
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin Malone
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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A salivary metabolite signature that reflects gingival host-microbe interactions: instability predicts gingivitis susceptibility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3008. [PMID: 32080300 PMCID: PMC7033112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides in saliva were shown to stimulate gingival wound repair, but the role of salivary metabolites in this process remains unexplored. In vitro gingival re-epithelialization kinetics were determined using unstimulated saliva samples from healthy individuals collected during an experimental gingivitis study. Elastic net regression with stability selection identified a specific metabolite signature in a training dataset that was associated with the observed re-epithelialization kinetics and enabled its prediction for all saliva samples obtained in the clinical study. This signature encompassed ten metabolites, including plasmalogens, diacylglycerol and amino acid derivatives, which reflect enhanced host-microbe interactions. This association is in agreement with the positive correlation of the metabolite signature with the individual’s gingival bleeding index. Remarkably, intra-individual signature-variation over time was associated with elevated risk for gingivitis development. Unravelling how these metabolites stimulate wound repair could provide novel avenues towards therapeutic approaches in patients with impaired wound healing capacity.
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Gawron K, Wojtowicz W, Łazarz-Bartyzel K, Łamasz A, Qasem B, Mydel P, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Potempa J, Mlynarz P. Metabolomic Status of The Oral Cavity in Chronic Periodontitis. In Vivo 2019; 33:1165-1174. [PMID: 31280206 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Expansion and invasion of this bacterium into the periodontium is associated with changes in the metabolome of the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolomics analysis of mouth washout and tongue swab samples based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method was employed to determine metabolic status of the oral cavity in chronic periodontal disease. RESULTS Mouth washout extracts contained a total of 23 metabolites and tongue swab extracts contained 17. Identified metabolites partially overlap with the content of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. The colonization of the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis by bacteria was manifested in the change in levels of eight metabolites. CONCLUSION NMR-based metabolomics analysis is a potentially useful methodological approach for monitoring the pathological processes observed in the oral cavity in the course of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojtowicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łazarz-Bartyzel
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Łamasz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Mydel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | - Piotr Mlynarz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wang Q, Ma JB, Wang B, Zhang X, Yin YL, Bai H. Alterations of the oral microbiome in patients treated with the Invisalign system or with fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 156:633-640. [PMID: 31677672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the Invisalign system has been used widely in recent years, the influences of this treatment on the oral microbiome and whether or not this influence is different from that of fixed appliances is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes in the oral microbiome in patients treated with the Invisalign system or with fixed appliances. METHODS Fifteen subjects were enrolled, comprising 5 fixed appliance patients, 5 Invisalign patient, and 5 healthy controls. Saliva samples were collected, and high-throughput pyrosequencing was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS Both fixed and Invisalign orthodontic treatments resulted in dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Firmicutes and TM7 at the phyla level and Neisseria at the genus level displayed statistically significant differences between the 2 orthodontic groups. The effect of these changes with microbiome on oral health was inconsistent. The inferred microbial function of the Invisalign group suggested this group was more predisposed to periodontal diseases. CONCLUSION The influence of the Invisalign system on the oral microbiome was no better for oral health compared with fixed appliances. The convenience of maintaining oral hygiene rather than changes in the oral microbiome may be the underlying reason for the performance of the Invisalign system on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-Bao Ma
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Ling Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Handelman SK, Romero R, Tarca AL, Pacora P, Ingram B, Maymon E, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Erez O. The plasma metabolome of women in early pregnancy differs from that of non-pregnant women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224682. [PMID: 31726468 PMCID: PMC6855901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In comparison to the non-pregnant state, the first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by systemic adaptation of the mother. The extent to which these adaptive processes are reflected in the maternal blood metabolome is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To determine the differences between the plasma metabolome of non-pregnant and pregnant women before 16 weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN This study included plasma samples from 21 non-pregnant women and 50 women with a normal pregnancy (8-16 weeks of gestation). Combined measurements by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry generated molecular abundance measurements for each sample. Molecular species detected in at least 10 samples were included in the analysis. Differential abundance was inferred based on false discovery adjusted p-values (FDR) from Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U tests <0.1 and a minimum median abundance ratio (fold change) of 1.5. Alternatively, metabolic data were quantile normalized to remove sample-to-sample differences in the overall metabolite abundance (adjusted analysis). RESULTS Overall, 637 small molecules met the inclusion criteria and were tested for association with pregnancy; 44% (281/637) of small molecules had significantly different abundance, of which 81% (229/281) were less abundant in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. Eight percent (14/169) of the metabolites that remained significant in the adjusted analysis also changed as a function of gestational age. A pathway analysis revealed enrichment in steroid metabolites related to sex hormones, caffeine metabolites, lysolipids, dipeptides, and polypeptide bradykinin derivatives (all, FDR < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS This high-throughput mass spectrometry study identified: 1) differences between pregnant vs. non-pregnant women in the abundance of 44% of the profiled plasma metabolites, including known and novel molecules and pathways; and 2) specific metabolites that changed with gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Handelman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian Ingram
- Metabolon Inc., Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eli Maymon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Maternity Department "D," Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Seerangaiyan K, Maruthamuthu M, van Winkelhoff AJ, Winkel EG. Untargeted metabolomics of the bacterial tongue coating of intra-oral halitosis patients. J Breath Res 2019; 13:046010. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab334e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pereira JL, Duarte D, Carneiro TJ, Ferreira S, Cunha B, Soares D, Costa AL, Gil AM. Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1545-1554. [PMID: 31077633 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saliva metabolome is a promising diagnostic tool concerning oral and systemic diseases. We aimed at establishing a suitable protocol for saliva collection and gauging the relative impacts of gender, dentition stage, and caries on the saliva metabolome of a small children cohort. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics cross-sectional study of children saliva (n = 38) compared the effects of: (a) stimulation and unstimulation conditions, and (b) collection through passive drool and using an absorbing device. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were applied to evaluate such effects and those related to gender, dentition stage and caries. RESULTS No significant differences were found between unstimulated and stimulated saliva, and the former was used for subsequent studies. Swab collection induced significant changes in sample composition, indicating passive drool as preferential. The impacts of gender and dentition stage were not significant compared to that of caries, which induced variations in the levels of 21 metabolites. These comprised amino acids and monosaccharides observed for the first time to our knowledge regarding children caries, suggesting protein hydrolysis and deglycosylation. CONCLUSIONS Unstimulated passive drool saliva metabolome may carry a caries signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Duarte
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana J Carneiro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Cunha
- Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Soares
- Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Costa
- Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Jacob M, Lopata AL, Dasouki M, Abdel Rahman AM. Metabolomics toward personalized medicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:221-238. [PMID: 29073341 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, which is the metabolites profiling in biological matrices, is a key tool for biomarker discovery and personalized medicine and has great potential to elucidate the ultimate product of the genomic processes. Over the last decade, metabolomics studies have identified several relevant biomarkers involved in complex clinical phenotypes using diverse biological systems. Most diseases result in signature metabolic profiles that reflect the sums of external and internal cellular activities. Metabolomics has a major role in clinical practice as it represents >95% of the workload in clinical laboratories worldwide. Many of these metabolites require different analytical platforms, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), while many clinically relevant metabolites are still not routinely amenable to detection using currently available assays. Combining metabolomics with genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies will result in a significantly improved understanding of the disease mechanisms and the pathophysiology of the target clinical phenotype. This comprehensive approach will represent a major step forward toward providing precision medical care, in which individual is accounted for variability in genes, environment, and personal lifestyle. In this review, we compare and evaluate the metabolomics strategies and studies that focus on the discovery of biomarkers that have "personalized" diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value, validated for monitoring disease progression and responses to various management regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Jacob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmüller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Völzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M. The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res 2019; 98:642-651. [PMID: 31026179 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519842853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide and is caused by multifactorial interactions between host and oral bacteria. Altered cellular metabolism of host and microbes releases a number of intermediary end products known as metabolites. There is an increasing interest in identifying metabolites from oral fluids such as saliva to widen the understanding of the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis. It is believed that some metabolites might serve as indicators toward early detection and screening of periodontitis and perhaps even for monitoring its prognosis in the future. Because contemporary periodontal screening methods are deficient, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in periodontal screening procedures. To this end, we associated oral parameters (clinical attachment level, periodontal probing depth, supragingival plaque, supragingival calculus, number of missing teeth, and removable denture) with a large set of salivary metabolites ( n = 284) obtained by mass spectrometry among a subsample ( n = 909) of nondiabetic participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend-0). Linear regression analyses were performed in age-stratified groups and adjusted for potential confounders. A multifaceted image of associated metabolites ( n = 107) was revealed with considerable differences according to age groups. In the young (20 to 39 y) and middle-aged (40 to 59 y) groups, metabolites were predominantly associated with periodontal variables, whereas among the older subjects (≥60 y), tooth loss was strongly associated with metabolite levels. Metabolites associated with periodontal variables were clearly linked to tissue destruction, host defense mechanisms, and bacterial metabolism. Across all age groups, the bacterial metabolite phenylacetate was significantly associated with periodontal variables. Our results revealed alterations of the salivary metabolome in association with age and oral health status. Among our comprehensive panel of metabolites, periodontitis was significantly associated with the bacterial metabolite phenylacetate, a promising substance for further biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liebsch
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Pitchika
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Pink
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Samietz
- 2 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Kastenmüller
- 3 Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Artati
- 4 Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Suhre
- 3 Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,5 Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - J Adamski
- 4 Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,6 Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,7 German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Nauck
- 8 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,9 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- 9 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,10 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Friedrich
- 8 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,9 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Pietzner
- 8 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,9 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
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Epigenetic findings in periodontitis in UK twins: a cross-sectional study. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:27. [PMID: 30760334 PMCID: PMC6375219 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to periodontal disease, but the underlying susceptibility pathways are not fully understood. Epigenetic mechanisms are malleable regulators of gene function that can change in response to genetic and environmental stimuli, thereby providing a potential mechanism for mediating risk effects in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to identify epigenetic changes across tissues that are associated with periodontal disease. Methods Self-reported gingival bleeding and history of gum disease, or tooth mobility, were used as indicators of periodontal disease. DNA methylation profiles were generated using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in whole blood, buccal, and adipose tissue samples from predominantly older female twins (mean age 58) from the TwinsUK cohort. Epigenome-wide association scans (EWAS) of gingival bleeding and tooth mobility were conducted in whole blood in 528 and 492 twins, respectively. Subsequently, targeted candidate gene analysis at 28 genomic regions was carried out testing for phenotype-methylation associations in 41 (tooth mobility) and 43 (gingival bleeding) buccal, and 501 (tooth mobility) and 556 (gingival bleeding) adipose DNA samples. Results Epigenome-wide analyses in blood identified one CpG-site (cg21245277 in ZNF804A) associated with gingival bleeding (FDR = 0.03, nominal p value = 7.17e−8) and 58 sites associated with tooth mobility (FDR < 0.05) with the top signals in IQCE and XKR6. Epigenetic variation at 28 candidate regions (247 CpG-sites) for chronic periodontitis showed an enrichment for association with periodontal traits, and signals in eight genes (VDR, IL6ST, TMCO6, IL1RN, CD44, IL1B, WHAMM, and CXCL1) were significant in both traits. The methylation-phenotype association signals validated in buccal samples, and a subset (25%) also validated in adipose tissue. Conclusions Epigenome-wide analyses in adult female twins identified specific DNA methylation changes linked to self-reported periodontal disease. Future work will explore the environmental basis and functional impact of these results to infer potential for strategic personalized treatments and prevention of chronic periodontitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0614-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bregy L, Hirsiger C, Gartenmann S, Bruderer T, Zenobi R, Schmidlin PR. Metabolic changes during periodontitis therapy assessed by real-time ambient mass spectrometry. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 14 Pt A:54-62. [PMID: 34917761 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that bacteria in periodontally diseased patients can be recognized by the detection of volatile metabolites in the headspace of saliva by real-time ambient mass spectrometry. The aim of this study was to use this detection method to analyze the oral metabolome in diseased periodontitis patients before and after therapy to monitor disease evolution and healing events. Twelve patients with advanced chronic periodontal disease and 12 periodontally healthy controls served as test and control groups, respectively. Clinical data, subgingival plaque samples and saliva samples were collected at baseline (BL) and 3 months after treatment. The test group received non-surgical scaling and root planing using systemic antibiotics and the control group received one session of supragingival cleaning. Saliva samples from all subjects were analyzed with ambient mass spectrometry. Significant metabolic alterations were found in the headspace of saliva of periodontitis patients 3 months after the non-surgical periodontal treatment. Furthermore, the diseased group showed metabolic features after the treatment that were similar to the healthy control group. In addition, 29 metabolic features correlated with A. actinomycetemcomitans, 17 features correlated with P. gingivalis and one feature correlated with T. denticola. It was shown that headspace secondary electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry allows the detection of different volatile metabolites in healthy and diseased patients. It can be concluded that this rapid and minimally invasive method could have the potential to routinely diagnose and monitor periodontal diseases in the headspace of saliva samples and, eventually, in exhaled breath.
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Key Words
- A.a., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
- BL, baseline
- BOP, bleeding on probing
- GC-MC, gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- P.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis
- PPD, pocket probing depth
- PSI, periodental screening index
- SESI-HRMS, secondary electrospray ionization – high-resolution mass spectrometry
- T.d., Treponema denticola
- T.f., Tannarella forsythia
- UHPLC, ultra high pressure/performance liquid chromatography
- VSC, volatile sulfur compounds
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bregy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Hirsiger
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gartenmann
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Eftekhari A, Hasanzadeh M, Sharifi S, Dizaj SM, Khalilov R, Ahmadian E. Bioassay of saliva proteins: The best alternative for conventional methods in non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1246-1255. [PMID: 30513307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive diagnosis of cancer is often the key to effective treatment and patient survival. Saliva as a multi-constituent oral fluid comprises various disease signaling biomarkers, holds great potential for early-stage cancer diagnostics with cost-effective and easy collection, storage, transport and processing. Therefore, detection of biomarkers and proteins in the saliva samples is highly demand. The current review was performed using reliable internet database (mainly PubMed) to provide an overview of the most recent developments on non-invasive diagnosis of cancers in saliva and highlights main challenges and future prospects in sensing of the salivary biomarkers. The conventional detection methods of cancer biomarkers in saliva is discussed in the paper, however, the main focus is on non-invasive diagnosis of cancers in saliva using immunosensing (electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric), DNA based sensors, aptasensors and peptide based bio-assays The reviewed literature revealed that non-invasive cancer detection methods using the mentioned biosensors and without any processing of saliva sample offers a quick, sensitive, specific and cost effective analytical tool. Besides, salivary based detection methods can be used for simultaneous detection of panels of disease specific biomarkers in a real time manner or as home testing kits in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Joint Ukrainian-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych Ukraine & Baku, Azerbaijan, Institute of Radiation Problems of NAS Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Silva VDO, Pereira LJ, Pasetto S, da Silva MP, Meyers JC, Murata RM. Effects of Monolaurin on Oral Microbe-Host Transcriptome and Metabolome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2638. [PMID: 30467497 PMCID: PMC6237204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of monolaurin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and determine their effects on the host transcriptome and metabolome, using an oral cell/bacteria co-culture dual-chamber model to mimic the human periodontium. For this, the Aa, was applied to cross the monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) to reach the fibroblasts layer (HGF-1) in the basal chamber. The Monolaurin treatments (25 or 50 μM) were added immediately after the inoculation of the dual-chamber with Aa. After 24 h, the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers (insert and basal chamber) and in supernatant released from the cells. The genes IL-1α, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF analyzed in HGF-1 concentrations showed a decreased expression when treated with both concentration of Monolaurin. In keratinocytes, the genes IL-6, IL-18, and TNF presented a higher expression and the expression of IL-1α decreased when treated with the two cited concentrations. The production of glycerol and pyruvic acid increased, and the 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST, 4-aminobutyric acid, pinitol and glyceric acid, presented lower concentrations because of the treatment with 25 and/or 50 μM of Monolaurin. Use of monolaurin modulated the immune response and metabolite production when administered for 24 h in a dual-chamber model inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans. In summary, this study indicates that monolaurin had antimicrobial activity and modulated the host immune response and metabolite production when administered for 24 h in a dual-chamber model inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviam de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.,Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Silvana Pasetto
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maike Paulino da Silva
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jered Cope Meyers
- Department Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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Kennedy AD, Wittmann BM, Evans AM, Miller LAD, Toal DR, Lonergan S, Elsea SH, Pappan KL. Metabolomics in the clinic: A review of the shared and unique features of untargeted metabolomics for clinical research and clinical testing. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1143-1154. [PMID: 30242936 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the untargeted measurement of the metabolome, which is composed of the complement of small molecules detected in a biological sample. As such, metabolomic analysis produces a global biochemical phenotype. It is a technology that has been utilized in the research setting for over a decade. The metabolome is directly linked to and is influenced by genetics, epigenetics, environmental factors, and the microbiome-all of which affect health. Metabolomics can be applied to human clinical diagnostics and to other fields such as veterinary medicine, nutrition, exercise, physiology, agriculture/plant biochemistry, and toxicology. Applications of metabolomics in clinical testing are emerging, but several aspects of its use as a clinical test differ from applications focused on research or biomarker discovery and need to be considered for metabolomics clinical test data to have optimum impact, be meaningful, and be used responsibly. In this review, we deconstruct aspects and challenges of metabolomics for clinical testing by illustrating the significance of test design, accurate and precise data acquisition, quality control, data processing, n-of-1 comparison to a reference population, and biochemical pathway analysis. We describe how metabolomics technology is integral to defining individual biochemical phenotypes, elaborates on human health and disease, and fits within the precision medicine landscape. Finally, we conclude by outlining some future steps needed to bring metabolomics into the clinical space and to be recognized by the broader medical and regulatory fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Romano F, Meoni G, Manavella V, Baima G, Tenori L, Cacciatore S, Aimetti M. Analysis of salivary phenotypes of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis through nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1452-1460. [PMID: 29877582 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings about the differential gene expression signature of periodontal lesions have raised the hypothesis of distinctive biological phenotypes expressed by generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients. Therefore, this cross-sectional investigation was planned, primarily, to determine the ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of unstimulated whole saliva to discriminate GCP and GAgP disease-specific metabolomic fingerprint and, secondarily, to assess potential metabolites discriminating periodontitis patients from periodontally healthy individuals (HI). METHODS NMR-metabolomics spectra were acquired from salivary samples of patients with a clinical diagnosis of GCP (n = 33) or GAgP (n = 28) and from HI (n = 39). The clustering of HI, GCP, and GAgP patients was achieved by using a combination of the Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis on the NMR profiles. RESULTS These analyses revealed a significant predictive accuracy discriminating HI from GCP, and discriminating HI from GAgP patients (both 81%). In contrast, the GAgP and GCP saliva samples seem to belong to the same metabolic space (60% predictive accuracy). Significantly lower levels (P < 0.05) of pyruvate, N-acetyl groups and lactate and higher levels (P < 0.05) of proline, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were found in GCP and GAgP patients compared with HI. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, CGP and GAgP metabolomic profiles were not unequivocally discriminated through a NMR-based spectroscopic analysis of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Valeria Manavella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cancer Genomics Group, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Velsko IM, Shaddox LM. Consistent and reproducible long-term in vitro growth of health and disease-associated oral subgingival biofilms. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29996764 PMCID: PMC6042318 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several in vitro oral biofilm growth systems can reliably construct oral microbiome communities in culture, yet their stability and reproducibility through time has not been well characterized. Long-term in vitro growth of natural biofilms would enable use of these biofilms in both in vitro and in vivo studies that require complex microbial communities with minimal variation over a period of time. Understanding biofilm community dynamics in continuous culture, and whether they maintain distinct signatures of health and disease, is necessary to determine the reliability and applicability of such models to broader studies. To this end, we performed next-generation sequencing on biofilms grown from healthy and disease-site subgingival plaque for 80 days to assess stability and reliability of continuous oral biofilm growth. RESULTS Biofilms were grown from subgingival plaque collected from periodontitis-affected sites and healthy individuals for ten eight-day long generations, using hydroxyapatite disks. The bacterial community in each generation was determined using Human Oral Microbe Identification by Next-Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) technology, and analyzed in QIIME. Profiles were steady through the ten generations, as determined by species abundance and prevalence, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Faith's phylogenetic distance, with slight variation predominantly in low abundance species. Community profiles were distinct between healthy and disease site-derived biofilms as demonstrated by weighted UniFrac distance throughout the ten generations. Differentially abundant species between healthy and disease site-derived biofilms were consistent throughout the generations. CONCLUSIONS Healthy and disease site-derived biofilms can reliably maintain consistent communities through ten generations of in vitro growth. These communities maintain signatures of health and disease and of individual donors despite culture in identical environments. This subgingival oral biofilm growth and perpetuation model may prove useful to studies involving oral infection or cell stimulation, or those measuring microbial interactions, which require the same biofilms over a period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M Velsko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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