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Su B, Wang Y, Jian S, Tang H, Deng H, Zhu L, Zhao X, Liu J, Cheng H, Zhang L, Hu Y, Xu Z. In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of monolaurin against Seneca Valley virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:980187. [PMID: 36777661 PMCID: PMC9911909 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.980187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surveillance of the Seneca Valley virus (SVV) shows a disproportionately higher incidence on Chinese pig farms. Currently, there are no vaccines or drugs to treat SVV infection effectively and effective treatment options are urgently needed. Methods In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the following medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or triglycerides (MCTs) against SVV: caprylic acid, caprylic monoglyceride, capric monoglyceride, and monolaurin. Results In vitro experiments showed that monolaurin inhibited viral replication by up to 80%, while in vivo studies showed that monolaurin reduced clinical manifestations, viral load, and organ damage in SVV-infected piglets. Monolaurin significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoted the release of interferon-γ, which enhanced the viral clearance activity of this type of MCFA. Discussion Therefore, monolaurin is a potentially effective candidate for the treatment of SVV infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanqiu Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Innovation Center of Guangdong Nuacid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Innovation Center of Guangdong Nuacid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China
| | - Huangzuo Cheng
- Innovation Center of Guangdong Nuacid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youjun Hu
- Innovation Center of Guangdong Nuacid Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China,*Correspondence: Youjun Hu ✉
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichaun Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Zhiwen Xu ✉
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Subroto E, Andoyo R, Indiarto R, Wulandari E, Wadhiah EFN. Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Ferrous Sulfate by Double Emulsion Method Based on Fat Rich in Monolaurin and Stearic Acid. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12173054. [PMID: 36080090 PMCID: PMC9457851 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous sulfate is one type of iron that is commonly used in iron supplementation and fortification in food products, but it has low stability and an unfavorable flavor, causing its use to be limited. Encapsulation in a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system is one technology that offers stable active compound protection and a good delivery system; however, a solid lipid matrix should be selected which has good health effects, such as glycerol monolaurate or monolaurin. The purpose of this study was to obtain SLN-ferrous sulfate based on stearic acid and fat rich in monolaurin. SLN-Ferrous sulfate was synthesized at various concentrations of monolaurin-rich fat (20%; 30%; 40% w/w lipid) and various concentrations of ferrous sulfate (5%; 10%; 15% w/w lipid). The results showed that the use of monolaurin-rich fat 40% w/w lipid and 15% w/w ferrous sulfate produced the best characteristics with high entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of 0.06%. The Z-average value of SLN was 292.4 nm with a polydispersity index (PI) of 1.03. SLN-ferrous sulfate showed a spherical morphology, where the Fe trapped in the SLN was evenly dispersed in the lipid matrix to form a nanosphere system. Preparation of SLN-ferrous sulfate by double emulsion method based on stearic acid and fat rich in monolaurin effectively encapsulated ferrous sulfate with high entrapment efficiency and good physicochemical properties.
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Zhang Q, Yi D, Ji C, Wu T, Wang M, Guo S, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y. Monolaurin Confers a Protective Effect Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection in Piglets by Regulating the Interferon Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 12:797476. [PMID: 35095875 PMCID: PMC8793282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has reemerged as the main pathogen of piglets due to its high mutation feature. Monolaurin (ML) is a natural compound with a wide range of antibacterial and antiviral activities. However, the role of ML in PEDV infection is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ML on the growth performance, intestinal function, virus replication and cytokine response in piglets infected with PEDV, and to reveal the mechanism through proteomics analysis. Piglets were orally administrated with ML at a dose of 100 mg/kg·BW for 7 days before PEDV infection. Results showed that although there was no significant effect on the growth performance of piglets, ML administration alleviated the diarrhea caused by PEDV infection. ML administration promoted the recovery of intestinal villi, thereby improving intestinal function. Meanwhile, PEDV replication was significantly inhibited, and PEDV-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were decreased with ML administration. Proteomics analyses showed that 38 proteins were differentially expressed between PEDV and ML+PEDV groups and were significantly enriched in the interferon-related pathways. This suggests ML could promote the restoration of homeostasis by regulating the interferon pathway. Overall, the present study demonstrated ML could confer a protective effect against PEDV infection in piglets and may be developed as a drug or feed additive to prevent and control PEDV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Ji
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Ren C, Wang Y, Lin X, Song H, Zhou Q, Xu W, Shi K, Chen J, Song J, Chen F, Zhang S, Guan W. A Combination of Formic Acid and Monolaurin Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Piglets by Inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways with Modulation of Gut Microbiota. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4155-4165. [PMID: 32202779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the potential of formic acid plus monolaurin (FA + ML) as an alternative to antibiotics in diet when piglets are challenged with ETEC. Piglets fed the FA + ML diet had lower fecal score and rectal temperature after the ETEC challenge. In addition, FA + ML supplementation induced lower plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentration postchallenge, downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TLR4 in the ileum and TLR4 and CFTR in the jejunum. Phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38 were reduced in the ileum of piglets fed FA + ML diet. Supplementation of FA + ML increased the relative abundance of genera Lactobacillus especially Lactobacillus amylovorus species and decreased the genus abundances of Actinobacillus, unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxella. Collectively, the combination of formic acid and monolaurin in diets have the potential to be an antibiotic alternative to mitigate inflammatory response in piglets challenged with ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yijiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kui Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junshuai Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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5
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Thomas LL, Woodworth JC, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Williams HE, Hartman AR, Mellick DJ, McKilligan DM, Jones AM. Evaluation of different blends of medium-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and monolaurin on nursery pig growth performance . Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa024. [PMID: 32705023 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 710 pigs (Line 400 × 200, DNA, Columbus, net energy (NE)) were used in two experiments (Exp. 1: initially, 6.3 ± 0.05 kg; Exp. 2: initially, 6.8 ± 0.05 kg) to evaluate the effects of two medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) based products on nursery pig growth performance. Following their arrival at the nursery facility, pigs were randomized to pens (five pigs per pen) and allowed a 4-d acclimation period. Thereafter, pens of pigs were blocked by initial weight and randomized to dietary treatment. In Exp. 1, the dietary treatments were a dose titration of: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% MCFA-based additive, as well as a diet including 1.0% MCFA from a 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0. In Exp.2, dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet containing no MCFA (control), the control diet with a 1.0% inclusion of four different blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin or a diet with 1.0% added MCFA (a 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0). The four blends consisted of 50% C6:0, 20% lactic acid, and increasing levels of monolaurin (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) at the expense of C12:0 (30%, 20%, 10%, and 0%). Treatment diets were formulated and manufactured in two dietary phases. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. In Exp. 1, overall (days 0-34), increasing CaptiSURE increased (linear, P ≤ 0.014) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). Feed efficiency improved (quadratic, P = 0.002) with increasing CaptiSURE up to 1.0% of the diet with no benefit thereafter. There was no evidence for differences between pigs fed 1.0% CaptiSURE and pigs fed the 1.0% MCFA blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0. In Exp. 2, overall (days 0-35), pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P < 0.034) ADFI and ADG resulting in 0.9 kg greater final weight (P = 0.014) compared with the control group. There was no evidence that the mean performance of pigs fed the four blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin were different from the pigs fed the control diet. In summary, the addition of a 1.0% 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0 in nursery pig diets improved ADG, ADFI, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) compared with pigs fed the control diet. In addition, providing nursery pigs with the MCFA product CaptiSURE, up to 2% of the diet, resulted in linear improvements in ADG and ADFI. Altering the C12:0 to monolaurin ratio and adding lactic acid did not improve growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Steve S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Hayden E Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Ashley R Hartman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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6
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Chen F, Zhang G, Liu C, Zhang J, Zhao F, Xu B. Highly Selective Synthesis of Monolaurin via Enzymatic Transesterification under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:1125-1132. [PMID: 31611516 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the highly selective production of monolaurin via enzymatic transesterification of methyl laurate and glycerol. It was determined that a binary solvent system (tert-butanol/iso-propanol, 20:80, wt./wt.) was suitable for the enzymatic production of monolaurin, especially in the continuous process. The highest mass fraction of monolaurin in the product mixture (80.8 wt.%) was achieved in a batch mode under the following conditions: a methyl laurate-to-glycerol molar ratio of 1:6, a substrate concentration (methyl laurate in the binary solvent) of 15 wt.%, an enzyme dosage of 6 wt.% of the amount of methyl laurate, and a reaction time of 1.5 h at 50°C. Compared with the results under the batch conditions, a slightly higher yield of monolaurin (82.5 ± 2.5 wt.%) was obtained in a continuous flow system at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min, while the mass fraction of dilaurin in the product mixture was only 0.7 ± 0.6 wt.%. In addition, the yield of monolaurin remained almost unchanged during the 18 tested days of the continuous experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Chen
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Guiju Zhang
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Changyao Liu
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Jieying Zhang
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Feifei Zhao
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University
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Silva VDO, Pereira LJ, Pasetto S, da Silva MP, Meyers JC, Murata RM. Effects of Monolaurin on Oral Microbe-Host Transcriptome and Metabolome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2638. [PMID: 30467497 PMCID: PMC6237204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of monolaurin against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and determine their effects on the host transcriptome and metabolome, using an oral cell/bacteria co-culture dual-chamber model to mimic the human periodontium. For this, the Aa, was applied to cross the monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) to reach the fibroblasts layer (HGF-1) in the basal chamber. The Monolaurin treatments (25 or 50 μM) were added immediately after the inoculation of the dual-chamber with Aa. After 24 h, the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers (insert and basal chamber) and in supernatant released from the cells. The genes IL-1α, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF analyzed in HGF-1 concentrations showed a decreased expression when treated with both concentration of Monolaurin. In keratinocytes, the genes IL-6, IL-18, and TNF presented a higher expression and the expression of IL-1α decreased when treated with the two cited concentrations. The production of glycerol and pyruvic acid increased, and the 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST, 4-aminobutyric acid, pinitol and glyceric acid, presented lower concentrations because of the treatment with 25 and/or 50 μM of Monolaurin. Use of monolaurin modulated the immune response and metabolite production when administered for 24 h in a dual-chamber model inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans. In summary, this study indicates that monolaurin had antimicrobial activity and modulated the host immune response and metabolite production when administered for 24 h in a dual-chamber model inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviam de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.,Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Silvana Pasetto
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maike Paulino da Silva
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jered Cope Meyers
- Department Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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Seleem D, Freitas-Blanco VS, Noguti J, Zancope BR, Pardi V, Murata RM. In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Monolaurin against Candida albicans Biofilms. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1299-1302. [PMID: 30068882 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monolaurin is a natural compound that has been known for its broad antimicrobial activities. We evaluate the antifungal activity of monolaurin against Candida albicans biofilms in vivo using a novel bioluminescent model to longitudinally monitor oral fungal infection. Oral fungal infection in vivo was performed using bioluminescent engineered C. albicans (SKCa23-ActgLUC) biofilms on Balb/c mice. The antifungal activity of monolaurin was determined by comparing three groups of mice (n=5/group): monolaurin, vehicle control, and positive control (nystatin). All mice were immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate and oral topical treatments were applied for 5 d. In vivo imaging system (IVIS) imaging was used to monitor the progression of infection over a 5-d period. Total photon flux and ex vivo microbiological analysis of the excised tongues were used to determine the overall fungal burden. Oral topical treatments of monolaurin have resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total photon flux over 4 and 5 d post-infection in comparison to the vehicle control group. Furthermore, monolaurin treated group had a significant decrease in colony formation unit of tongue tissue compared to the vehicle control. Our findings support monolaurin as a promising antifungal compound in vivo, which may translate to its future use in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Seleem
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
| | | | - Juliana Noguti
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California
| | - Bruna Raquel Zancope
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
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Gil D, Shuvaev S, Frank-Kamenetskii A, Reukov V, Gross C, Vertegel A. Novel Antibacterial Coating on Orthopedic Wires To Eliminate Pin Tract Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00442-17. [PMID: 28483964 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00442-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches to the prevention of microbial infections after the insertion of orthopedic external fixators are in great demand because of the extremely high incidence rates of such infections, which can reach up to 100% with longer implant residence times. Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent with a known safety record that is broadly used in the food and cosmetic industries; however, its use in antimicrobial coatings of medical devices has not been studied in much detail. Here, we report the use of monolaurin as an antibacterial coating on external fixators for the first time. Monolaurin-coated Kirschner wires (K-wires) showed excellent antibacterial properties against three different bacterial strains, i.e., methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus epidermidis Approximately 6.0-log reductions of both planktonic and adherent bacteria were achieved using monolaurin-coated K-wires, but monolaurin-coated K-wires did not show any observable cytotoxicity with mouse osteoblast cell cultures. Overall, monolaurin-coated K-wires could be promising as potent antimicrobial materials for orthopedic surgery.
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Abstract
Monoglycerides (MCs) including MC10, MC12, and coconut MCs were tested for inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A in culture media and in several foods. MCs were inhibitory to L. monocytogenes in certain foods including beef frank slurries (pH 5.0 and 5.5) and seafood salad (pH 4.9) at 4°C, but were less active at 12 than at 4°C. MCs were less inhibitory to L. monocytogenes in other foods tested including turkey frank slurries (pH 5.5), imitation crabmeat, cooked shrimp, summer sausage, yogurt, cottage cheese, and Camembert cheese. Combinations of MCs, particularly MC10 and MC12, showed increased activity in certain foods. The combination of MC10 (250 to 500 μg/ml) and MC12 (250 to 500 μg/ml) or a mixture of coconut-derived MCs (500 to 1,000 μg/ml) were inhibitory against L. monocytogenes in beef and turkey frank slurries. Certain Chemical factors affected the degree of inhibition by the lipid compounds including pH, acidulants such as lactic acid, certain antioxidants, and lipid carriers. The results suggest that MCs could be used as preservatives in certain classes of minimally processed refrigerated foods when intrinsic antimicrobial activity is inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Ling Wang
- Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, 1925 Willow Drive
| | - Eric A Johnson
- Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, 1925 Willow Drive.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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11
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Bal'a MFA, Marshall DL. Use of Double-Gradient Plates To Study Combined Effects of Salt, pH, Monolaurin, and Temperature on Listeria monocytogenes †. J Food Prot 1996; 59:601-607. [PMID: 31159021 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-59.6.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the combined effects of pH, NaCl, incubation temperature, and sublethal concentrations of monolaurin on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes using the double-gradient diffusion technique. L. monocytogenes tolerance to NaCl was greatest (>78 g/liter) at neutral pH (6.8 to 7.2) and increased in the pH range 7.0 to 5.4 as the incubation temperature was lowered. Monolaurin at 2 μg/ml lowered the salt tolerance of L. monocytogenes to 60 g/liter independently of pH. At 4 μg of monolaurin per ml, salt tolerance was reduced to approximately 40 g/liter with no growth occurring at pH 6.0 to 5.4 and 25 g of NaCl per liter. At 8 μg of monolaurin per ml, only a subpopulation of the initial inoculum tolerated 25 g of NaCl per liter at neutral pH (6.5 to 7.5). Monolaurin reduced the tolerance of L. monocytogenes to NaCl and low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farid A Bal'a
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Box 9805, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9805, USA
| | - Douglas L Marshall
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Box 9805, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9805, USA
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Abstract
Individual and combined antimicrobial effects of monolaurin and heat on planktonic, 1-day adherent, or 7-day adherent cells of Listeria monocytogenes were determined to evaluate biofilm removal from stainless steel. Planktonic cells were more sensitive to heat and monolaurin than were cells attached to stainless steel. Young (1-day) biofilm cells were more sensitive to each treatment than were old (7-day) biofilm cells. Adherent cells were destroyed by 50 μg/ml monolaurin combined with heating at 65°C for 5 min. Cells in a rich nutrient environment were more resistant to treatment than were cells in a depleted nutrient environment. Results demonstrate the usefulness of combining chemical and physical treatments to control L. monocytogenes biofilm problems in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Douglas L Marshall
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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