1
|
Le M, Papia E, Larsson C. The effect of combining primers and cements from different cement systems on the bond strength between zirconia and dentin. BDJ Open 2024; 10:44. [PMID: 38839781 PMCID: PMC11153574 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of combining primers and cements from two different resin cement systems on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) between zirconia and human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 specimens of zirconia cemented to dentin were allocated into eight groups based on cement type (RelyX Ultimate or Panavia V5) and primers (Tooth Primer, Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive) combinations, applied to dentin or ceramic surfaces. Following artificial aging with 5000 thermocycles, μTBS tests were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05), and failure modes were assessed. RESULTS The Panavia V5 cement system demonstrated the highest bond strength (19.4 ± 4.4 MPa), significantly higher than the other groups except when RelyX cement was used with Panavia primers (16.9 ± 3.7 MPa). Cohesive fractures within the cement layer were the predominant failure mode. CONCLUSIONS The combination of primers from different adhesive cement system brands may significantly affect the bonding effectiveness. Therefore, using products from a single product line of the same adhesive cement system, and following the manufacturer's recommendations for indications and use, is crucial for a more predictable clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Le
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Prosthodontics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bömicke W, Schwindling FS, Rammelsberg P, Rues S. Bond Strength of Milled and Printed Zirconia to 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-MDP) Resin Cement as a Function of Ceramic Conditioning, Disinfection and Ageing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2159. [PMID: 38730965 PMCID: PMC11085335 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the suitability of printed zirconia (ZrO2) for adhesive cementation compared to milled ZrO2. Surface conditioning protocols and disinfection effects on bond strength were also investigated. ZrO2 discs (n = 14/group) underwent either alumina (Al2O3) airborne particle abrasion (APA; 50 µm, 0.10 MPa) or tribochemical silicatisation (TSC; 110 µm Al2O3, 0.28 MPa and 110 µm silica-modified Al2O3, 0.28 MPa), followed by disinfection (1 min immersion in 70% isopropanol, 15 s water spray, 10 s drying with oil-free air) for half of the discs. A resin cement containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) was used for bonding (for TSC specimens after application of a primer containing silane and 10-MDP). Tensile bond strength was measured after storage for 24 h at 100% relative humidity or after 30 days in water, including 7500 thermocycles. Surface conditioning significantly affected bond strength, with higher values for TSC specimens. Ageing and the interaction of conditioning, disinfection and ageing also impacted bond strength. Disinfection combined with APA mitigated ageing-related bond strength decrease but exacerbated it for TSC specimens. Despite these effects, high bond strengths were maintained even after disinfection and ageing. Adhesive cementation of printed ZrO2 restorations exhibited comparable bond strengths to milled ZrO2, highlighting its feasibility in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.R.); (S.R.)
| | | | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Rues
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.R.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HY, Cho JH, Yoon HI, Lee JH, Choi S, Han JS, Yeo ISL. Topographical and crystalline change on surface by sandblasting improve flexural and shear bond strength of niobia-modified yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:216-226. [PMID: 38417860 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of sandblasting on the physical properties and bond strength of two types of translucent zirconia: niobium-oxide-containing yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ((Y, Nb)-TZP) and 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ). Fully sintered disc specimens were either sandblasted with 125 µm alumina particles or left as-sintered. Surface roughness, crystal phase compositions, and surface morphology were explored. Biaxial flexural strength (n=10) and shear bond strength (SBS) (n=12) were evaluated, including thermocycling conditions. Results indicated a decrease in flexural strength of 5Y-PSZ from 601 to 303 MPa upon sandblasting, while (Y, Nb)-TZP improved from 458 to 544 MPa. Both materials significantly increased SBS after sandblasting (p<0.001). After thermocycling, (Y, Nb)-TZP maintained superior SBS (14.3 MPa) compared to 5Y-PSZ (11.3 MPa) (p<0.001). The study concludes that (Y, Nb)-TZP is preferable for sandblasting applications, particularly for achieving durable bonding without compromising flexural strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry
| | - Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital
| | - Jung-Suk Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reary JA, Katsavochristou A, Powers JM, Kiat-Amnuay S. Effect of surface pretreatment and artificial aging on the retention of lithium disilicate crowns cemented to zirconia implant abutments. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:459-467. [PMID: 35513920 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Recent advancements in restorative dentistry have seen an increase in the use of ceramic restorations and zirconia implant abutments. However, how the pretreatment of a zirconia abutment and different artificial aging protocols affect the bond strength of a cemented, monolithic lithium disilicate crown is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface pretreatment on the retentive strength of milled lithium disilicate crowns bonded to custom zirconia implant abutments with different resin cements after thermocycling and long-term aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 144 crowns (n=8) were milled and bonded to 144 abutments. In the experimental groups, 72 abutments were airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm aluminum oxide before bonding. All specimens were stored at 37 °C in 100% humidity for 24 hours. Forty-eight specimens were subjected to thermocycling, and another 48 were subjected to aging for 6 months. Retentive strength was measured by using a pull-off test with a universal testing machine. Retentive strength values were calculated and compared with 3-way analysis of variance and a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS In the 24-hour aging group, retention for all experimental groups was significantly higher (P<.05) than for the control group, except for Panavia 21 with Clearfil Ceramic Primer. In the thermocycling and long-term aging groups, all cements in the experimental group displayed significantly higher retention than the control. The airborne-particle abrasion of custom zirconia implant abutments with 50-μm aluminum oxide before bonding to lithium disilicate crowns significantly increased the bond strength of the Multilink Hybrid Abutment with Monobond Plus and RelyX Ultimate with Scotchbond Universal cements after 24-hour aging, but not of Panavia 21 with Clearfil Ceramic Primer. CONCLUSIONS Airborne-particle abrasion significantly increased the bond strength of all 3 cements after thermocycling and long-term aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juston A Reary
- Private practice and Former Graduate Prosthodontics Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | - Anastasia Katsavochristou
- Assistant Professor, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John M Powers
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | - Sudarat Kiat-Amnuay
- Professor, Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas; Section Head, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brown T, Kee E, Xu X, Chapple A, Stamitoles C, Armbruster P, Ballard RW. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to high-translucent dental zirconia with different surface treatments: An in vitro study. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100822. [PMID: 37992472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded to translucent dental zirconia samples which are anatomically accurate and treated with various surface treatments. METHODS This in vitro study included 156 samples from 3 brands of high-translucent zirconia split into a control group and 4 surface treatment groups: 9.6% hydrofluoric acid etching, 50-micron aluminium oxide particle air abrasion, and 30-micron tribochemical silica coating (TBS) particle air abrasion with and without silane application. After surface treatment, all groups were primed with a 10-MDP primer and bonded to metal orthodontic brackets. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested and results were compared between all groups. Data analysis consisted of a balanced two-factor factorial ANOVA, a Shapiro-Wilks test, and a non-parametric permutation test. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Among all surface treatments, aluminium oxide particle abrasion produced significantly higher SBS (P≤0.002). Lava™ Plus zirconia samples had significantly higher SBS than Cercon® samples (P<0.0001). TBS surface treatment produced significantly higher SBS on Lava™ Plus samples than it did on the other zirconia brands (P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that mechanical abrasion using aluminium oxide in combination with a 10-MDP primer creates a higher SBS to high-translucent zirconia than the bond created by tribochemical silica coating. Also, there was no significant difference in ARI regardless of zirconia brand or surface preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brown
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, LSU Health-New Orleans, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Edwin Kee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, LSU Health-New Orleans, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, LSU Health-New Orleans, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Andrew Chapple
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, 733 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Charles Stamitoles
- School of Dentistry, LSU Health-New Orleans, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Paul Armbruster
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, LSU Health-New Orleans, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Richard W Ballard
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, LSU Health-New Orleans, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tatiana R, Bérangère C, Prudence Felix T, Arnaud E, Fabio L, Jean R, Romain C, Hamdi J, Olivier E. Shear bond strength between standard or modified zirconia surfaces and two resin cements incorporating or not 10-MDP in their matrix. Dent Mater 2024; 40:370-378. [PMID: 38151431 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed first to compare the shear bond strength between zirconia samples luted to enamel with a 10-MDP- containing resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray, Japan) and those luted with a resin cement using a separated 10-MDP monomer-containing bottle (Panavia V5, Kuraray, Japan). The second objective was to evaluate the bond stability after 150 days of aging in water, between enamel and zirconia ceramic surface enhanced with a glass-ceramic coating. MATERIALS AND METHODS 80 specimens composed of ceramic cylinders and enamel disks were obtained, within eight experimental groups (n = 10). 60 zirconia cylinders (Katana STML zirconia, Kuraray, Japan) were assigned to 3 groups according to their surface treatment: milled/sintered surface (ZRCT), tribochemical silica-coating (Cojet™ Sand, 3 M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) (ZRTC), and glass-ceramic coating (IPS e.max Zirpress) (ZRZP). 20 cylinders of lithium disilicate had a milled surface (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (ECAD). The cylinders of each group were further divided into two subgroups according to the resin cement used: Panavia F2.0 (-PF) and Panavia V5 (-PV). All specimens were stored in distilled water for 150 days before shear bond strength (SBS) tests. The fracture mode was analyzed, and data were statistically computed (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey test, p < 0.05, SPSS, IBM, v26). RESULTS The ECAD-PF group recorded the highest SBS values (31.75 ± 2.2), and the ZRCT-PF group recorded the lowest values (5.59 ± 1.1). The two-way ANOVA test showed that ceramic surface treatment had a statistically significant effect on SBS (F (3,72) = 38.95, p < 0.001) while the type of ARC did not (F (1,72) = 2.40, p = 0.126). Tukey's post hoc test revealed no statistical difference between the ZRZP and the ZRTC or ECAD groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the PV resin achieved similar shear bond strength results between tribocoated zirconia and enamel compared to the one for glass-ceramic and enamel. Furthermore, a long-term durable bond, similar to the glass-ceramic one, was achieved with the heat pressed ceramic coated specimens. Thus, this new surface treatment could be recommended for anterior cantilever bridges for its fracture resistance and bonding ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tatiana
- DDS, Dental School of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1121, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cournault Bérangère
- DDS, Dental School of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1121, Strasbourg, France
| | - Teyagirwa Prudence Felix
- DDS, Dental School of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1121, Strasbourg, France
| | - Erkel Arnaud
- DDS, Dental School of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Jmal Hamdi
- Icube Laboratory, UMR 7357, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Olivier
- DDS, Dental School of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1121, Strasbourg, France; Prosthodontics, University of Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen PH, Elamin E, Sayed Ahmed A, Givan DA, Fu CC, Lawson NC. The Effect of Restoration Thickness on the Fracture Resistance of 5 mol% Yttria-Containing Zirconia Crowns. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:365. [PMID: 38255531 PMCID: PMC10817558 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine what thickness of 5 mol% yttria zirconia (5Y-Z) translucent crowns cemented with different cements and surface treatments would have equivalent fracture resistance as 3 mol% yttria (3Y-Z) crowns. METHODS The study included 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.2 mm thickness 5Y-Z (Katana UTML) crowns and 0.5 and 1.0 mm thickness 3Y-Z (Katana HT) crowns as controls. The 5Y-Z crowns were divided among three treatment subgroups (n = 10/subgroup): (1) cemented using RMGIC (Rely X Luting Cement), (2) alumina particle-abraded then luted with the same cement, (3) alumina particle-abraded and cemented using a resin cement (Panavia SA Cement Universal). The 3Y-Z controls were alumina particle-abraded then cemented with RMGIC. The specimens were then loaded in compression at 30° until failure. RESULTS All 5Y-Z crowns (regardless of thickness or surface treatment) had a similar to or higher fracture force than the 0.5 mm 3Y-Z crowns. Only the 1.2 mm 5Y-Z crowns with resin cement showed significantly similar fracture force to the 1 mm 3Y-Z crowns. CONCLUSION In order to achieve a similar fracture resistance to 0.5 mm 3Y-Z crowns cemented with RMGIC, 5Y-Z crowns may be as thin as 0.8 mm. To achieve a similar fracture resistance to 1.0 mm 3Y-Z crowns cemented with RMGIC, 5Y-Z crowns must be 1.2 mm and bonded with resin cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsu Chen
- Division of Prosthodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA; (P.-H.C.); (E.E.); (D.A.G.); (C.-C.F.)
| | - Esra Elamin
- Division of Prosthodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA; (P.-H.C.); (E.E.); (D.A.G.); (C.-C.F.)
| | - Akram Sayed Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Daniel A. Givan
- Division of Prosthodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA; (P.-H.C.); (E.E.); (D.A.G.); (C.-C.F.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Fu
- Division of Prosthodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA; (P.-H.C.); (E.E.); (D.A.G.); (C.-C.F.)
| | - Nathaniel C. Lawson
- Division of Prosthodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA; (P.-H.C.); (E.E.); (D.A.G.); (C.-C.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Habibzadeh S, Khamisi F, Mosaddad SA, Fernandes GVDO, Heboyan A. Full-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2024; 22:22808000241250118. [PMID: 38706266 DOI: 10.1177/22808000241250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of implant-supported prostheses, there are still patients for whom conservative treatments such as resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) are more appropriate. This study's objective was to analyze the available research on full-ceramic RBFDPs. In this study, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published in English between 2010 and 2020. A total of 14 studies were reviewed based on the eligibility criteria. The results showed that using a cantilever design with one abutment had an advantage over two abutments. Additionally, it was proposed that preparations designed with retentive aids, such as a proximal box, groove, and pinhole, could improve RBFDP survival rates. IPS e.max ZirCAD, In-Ceram alumina, and zirconia CAD/CAM were the most commonly used framework materials. Most studies used air abrasion, salinization, or hydrofluoric acid for surface treatment. Adhesive resin cements were the most frequently used type of cement. The survival rate of In-Ceram ceramics (85.3%-94.8%) was lower than that of In-Ceram zirconia and IPS e.max ZirCAD. Debonding, followed by framework fracture, was the leading cause of failure. Following 3-10 years follow-up, the survival percentage of all-ceramic RBFDPs ranged from 76% to 100%. Although RBFDPs have demonstrated satisfactory success as a conservative treatment, long-term follow-ups and higher sample sizes in clinical research are required to gain more reliable outcomes on the clinical success rate of various RBFDP designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Habibzadeh
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Khamisi
- School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Faculty of Odontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Bucofacial Prosthesis, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Artak Heboyan
- Faculty of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Emerson JS, Johnson GH, Kronström MH. Comparison of retention of monolithic zirconia crowns with alumina airborne-particle abraded and nonabraded intaglio using three different cements: A clinical simulation. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:100.e1-100.e5. [PMID: 37867016 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The necessity of roughening the intaglio surface of zirconia crowns to achieve adequate retention is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical simulation study was to evaluate the retention of airborne-particle-abraded and nonabraded monolithic zirconia crowns using 3 different cement types. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extracted human molars were used and prepared with a 10-degree taper. Impressions were made of the prepared teeth with a polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) material, and dies were made with Type 4 gypsum. Each die was scanned with a NobelProcera 1G Scanner, and the standard tessellation language (STL) files were transferred electronically to the Nobel Biocare production site, where a bar was added virtually on top of each crown and parameters were set for milling. Seventy-two Procera zirconia crowns were generated, of which half were airborne-particle abraded on the intaglio surface with 50-µm alumina particles at 400 to 500 kPa for 15 seconds. The other 36 received no intaglio treatment other than cleaning. Both groups of 36 crowns were divided into 3 subgroups of 12 specimens. The area of each preparation was calculated using a computer-aided design software program. The specimens were distributed to attain similar mean surface areas among the cementation groups. The crowns were cemented onto the specimen with a controlled force of 196 N. The 3 cements used were self-adhesive, modified resin RelyX Unicem Aplicap, resin-modified glass ionomer RelyX Luting, and a composite resin, Panavia F2.0 with ED Primer A & B. All specimens were thermocycled (5 °C to 55 °C) for 5000 cycles and then removed axially with a universal testing machine (Instron Model 5585H) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The removal force was recorded, and stress of dislodgement was calculated for each crown. A 2-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses. The type of failure was analyzed with the chi-squared test of association for independent samples (α=.05 for all tests). RESULTS The mean dislodging force for crowns with airborne-particle abraded intaglio was 5.4 MPa, which was statistically greater than the mean of 3.2 MPa for nonabraded specimens (P<.001). No significant differences related to the dislodging stresses were detected among the 3 cements (P=.109). The mode of failure was similar whether abraded or not, with 50% of specimens retaining cement in the crown after separation. CONCLUSIONS Alumina airborne-particle abrasion of the intaglio of zirconia to create surface roughness is beneficial in retaining the crowns, regardless of the cement type. The nonabraded crowns demonstrated significantly lower retentive stress with crown removal. The principal mode of failure was similar whether the zirconia intaglio was airborne-particle abraded or not. The most common mode of failure (>50% of specimens) was at least three-fourths of the cement remaining within the crown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen H Johnson
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash
| | - Mats H Kronström
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sulaiman TA, Suliman AA, Abdulmajeed AA, Zhang Y. Zirconia restoration types, properties, tooth preparation design, and bonding. A narrative review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:78-84. [PMID: 37840220 PMCID: PMC10842315 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to provide dental professionals with information regarding the various types of zirconia restorations, their mechanical and optical properties, tooth preparation design, and bonding protocol in an effort to enhance the longevity and durability of zirconia restorations. OVERVIEW The yttria content of zirconia ceramics determines their classification. The mechanical and optical properties of each type are discussed, with an emphasis on the effect of yttria concentration on the properties of zirconia. The processing and sintering methods are also discussed as they have a direct impact on the properties of zirconia. The design of tooth preparation, specifically occlusal reduction, varies depending on the type of zirconia used in each case. Finally, a protocol for zirconia restoration bonding is described to ensure optimal bonding to the tooth structure. CONCLUSION Not all zirconia restorations are the same. The selection of zirconia type based on yttria concentration, processing and sintering methods, tooth preparation design, and adherence to the bonding protocol are all critical to the success and longevity of zirconia restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Zirconia restorations are the most commonly used indirect restorative material. The selection of the most appropriate zirconia type based on its yttria content, which determines its strength and translucency, is critical to the success and the longevity of the restoration. Tooth preparation design also influences the strength and translucency of the zirconia. Air-borne particle abrasion, followed by a ceramic primer and resin cement, can ensure a durable bond to the tooth structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiseer A Sulaiman
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina, Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdulhaq A Suliman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Aous A Abdulmajeed
- Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghodsi S, Shekarian M, Aghamohseni MM, Rasaeipour S, Arzani S. Resin cement selection for different types of fixed partial coverage restorations: A narrative systematic review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:1096-1111. [PMID: 37427500 PMCID: PMC10728549 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the selection criteria of resin cements for different types of partial coverage restorations (PCRs) and investigate if the type of restorations or restorative materials affect the type of selected resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search (1991-2023) was performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases by combinations of related keywords. RESULTS A total of 68 articles were included to review the selection criteria based on the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and performance of resin cements for different types of PCRs. CONCLUSIONS The survival and success of PCRs are largely affected by appropriate cement selection. Self-curing and dual-curing resin cements have been recommended for the cementation of metallic PCRs. The PCRs fabricated from thin, translucent, and low-strength ceramics could be adhesively bonded by light-cure conventional resin cements. Self-etching and self-adhesive cements, especially dual-cure types, are not generally indicated for laminate veneers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Ghodsi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of ProsthodonticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Shekarian
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of DentistryIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Sasan Rasaeipour
- Fellowship in Implant DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sarah Arzani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rigos AE, Sarafidou K, Kontonasaki E. Zirconia bond strength durability following artificial aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:138-159. [PMID: 37274447 PMCID: PMC10238491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study systematically reviewed the literature regarding the bond strength durability of zirconia ceramics to resin-based luting cements after application of different bonding protocols and aging conditions. Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were performed for relevant literature published between January 1st 2015 and November 15th 2022. Ninety-three (93) English language in-vitro studies were included. The percentage of the mean bond strength change was recorded prior to and after artificial aging, and the weighted mean values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Bonding protocols were classified based on the combination of MDP/non-MDP containing cement/primer and surface pretreatment, as well as the level of artificial aging performed. Alumina sandblasting (SA) was identified as the most frequently used surface pre-treatment while an insufficient number of studies was identified for each category of alternative surface treatments. The combination of MDP cement with tribochemical silica coating (TSC) or SA yielded more durable results after aging, while the application of SA and TSC improved bond durability when a non-MDP cement and a non-MDP primer were used. TSC may lead to increased bond durability compared to SA, whereas MDP cements may act similarly when combined with SA or TSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios E. Rigos
- Resident, Graduate Prosthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katia Sarafidou
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aziz AM, El-Mowafy O. Clinical evaluation of zirconia crowns cemented with two different resin cements: A retrospective study. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1481-1486. [PMID: 37638559 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-adhesive resin cement has been used extensively with zirconia crowns. Several in vitro studies showed that adhesive resin cementation may increase zirconia crowns' retention and their fatigue resistance. OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance, survival and success rates and complications encountered with zirconia crowns cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements. METHODS A total of 112 patients who received 176 monolithic zirconia crowns were evaluated. Crowns were cemented with RelyX Unicem 2 (n = 74) and Panavia SA (n = 102) self-adhesive resin cements. Clinical assessments of the crowns and supporting periodontal structures were performed following the modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Intraoral photographs and periapical and bitewing radiographs were obtained for further assessment by two evaluators. Descriptive statistics, McNemar, t-test, log rank (Mantel-Cox) tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed (a = .05). RESULTS The 5-year survival and success rates were 100% and 96.4%, respectively. The complications encountered were recurrent caries (2.2%) and the need for endodontic treatment (0.5%). No technical complications, such as fracture or loss of retention, were observed. The type of cement and patient-related factors did not influence the survival and success rates of the crowns. CONCLUSIONS Survival rate of zirconia crowns cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements was 100% after 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Aziz
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Omar El-Mowafy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdou A, Hussein N, Abd El-Sattar NEA, Takagaki T, Kusumasari C, Rizk A, Abo-Alazm EA. MDP-salts as an adhesion promoter with MDP-primers and self-adhesive resin cement for zirconia cementation. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:907. [PMID: 37993834 PMCID: PMC10666379 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of zirconia priming with MDP-Salt before MDP containing primers and self-adhesive cement on the shear bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fully sintered high translucent zirconia specimens (n = 120) were assigned into 2 groups (n = 60 each): Control (No Pretreatment) and Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate salt (MDP-Salt) pretreated. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 20) according to cementation protocol: 1) MDP + Silane primer and conventional resin cement, 2) MDP+ Bisphenyl dimethacrylate (BPDM) primer and conventional resin cement, and 3) MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 10,000 thermocycling. Contact angle was measured for tested groups. Surface topography was assessed using a 3D confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Weibull analysis was performed for SBS and one-way ANOVA for contact angle and surface topography measurements (α = 0.05). RESULTS The use of MDP-Salt significantly improved the SBS (p < .05) for all tested subgroups. Self-adhesive cement showed an insignificant difference with MDP + Silane group for both groups (p > .05). MDP + BPDM showed a significantly lower characteristic strength compared to self-adhesive resin cement when both were pretreated with MDP-Salt. No difference between all tested groups in the surface topographic measurements while MDP-Salt showed the highest contact angle. CONCLUSION MDP-Salt pretreatment can improve bonding performance between zirconia and MDP containing products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Nasser Hussein
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Mokatam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour E A Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Labs, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasiya, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Basic & Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alryada University for Science & Technology, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Tomohiro Takagaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation Division, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Citra Kusumasari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Amr Rizk
- Prosthetic Dentistry Department, Fixed Prosthodontic Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Emad A Abo-Alazm
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdou A, Hussein N, Kusumasari C, Abo-Alazm EA, Rizk A. Alumina and glass-bead blasting effect on bond strength of zirconia using 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement and primers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19127. [PMID: 37926736 PMCID: PMC10625984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In fact, bonding of zirconia restorations is still a big challenge in clinical situations and many bonding protocols discussed in literature might be still controversial. The aim of this was to study assess the bond strength of zirconia after alumina and glass-bead pre-treatments with two different primers in combination with conventional resin cement and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement without priming. Fully sintered high translucent zirconia samples (n = 160) were assigned into 2 groups of pre-treatments (n = 80): Alumina-sandblasting (AB) and Glass-bead (GB). Then, each group was divided into 4 sub-groups according to priming and cement used (n = 20 each): conventional self-adhesive resin cement, MDP-silane Primer, MDP primer both with conventional self-adhesive resin cement, and MDP contained cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after thermocycling. Failure mode was analyzed using stereomicroscope. Contact angle and surface topography were investigated using other fully sintered samples (n = 30) constructed for that sole purpose, divided into control (no pre-treatment [unmodified], alumina-, and glass-bead sandblasted groups). Two-way ANOVA was performed for SBS and failure mode was analyzed. The use of Alumina-sandblasting showed higher SBS compared to Glass-bead pre-treatment for MDP-silane primer (p = 0.034) and MDP primer (p < 0.001). While MDP contained cement showed higher but insignificant SBS when pre-treated with glass-beads. Alumina-sandblasting and glass-bead pre-treatments improve bond strength of zirconia combined using primers before cementation with conventional resin cement. Also, self-adhesive MDP contained cement along with surface pre-treatment showed the highest achievable bond strength. It was concluded that both alumina-sandblasting and glass-bead blasting improved SBS combined with MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement reducing the required clinical steps during cementation of zirconia restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Nasser Hussein
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Mokatam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Citra Kusumasari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Emad A Abo-Alazm
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Rizk
- Prosthetic Dentistry Department, Fixed Prosthodontics Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, South Sinai, El Tur, 46511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Bergamo ETP, Gierthmuehlen PC, Lopes ACO, Alves LMM, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Zahoui A, Coelho PG, de Carvalho AM, Bonfante EA. In vitro assessment of the effect of luting agents, abutment height, and fatigue on the retention of zirconia crowns luted to titanium base implant abutments. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:739.e1-739.e8. [PMID: 37684141 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The bonding of implant-supported prostheses is determined by abutment material, convergence angle, height, surface treatment, and luting agents. However, studies evaluating the bonding of luting agents to titanium base abutments with different heights under fatigue conditions are scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the retention of zirconia crowns bonded with different luting agents to titanium base abutments of different heights before and after fatigue testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Zirconia crowns were designed, milled, and distributed into 4 experimental groups according to the luting agents (G-Multi Primer/G-Cem LinkForce [MP/GC] and Scotchbond Universal/RelyX Ultimate [SU/RU]) and titanium base abutment heights (2.5 mm and 4 mm) (n=10). Pull-out testing was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until crown displacement. Fatigue testing was performed by an electric precision fatigue simulator (1×106 cycles; 100 N; and 15 Hz), followed by pull-out testing of fatigued specimens. Collected data were statistically evaluated by using a linear mixed model after post hoc comparisons by the least significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS Luting agents, abutment heights, and fatigue influenced the bonding retention of zirconia crowns to titanium base abutments. SU/RU agents promoted higher pull-out compared with MP/GC for both abutment heights before and after fatigue. Higher abutment height increased pull-out regarding lower abutment height for SU/RU materials before and after fatigue testing. Although fatigue had no significant effect on the pull-out of MP/GC, lower bond retention was observed for SU/RU after fatigue, regardless of abutment height. CONCLUSIONS Luting agent composition and the interaction with abutment height and fatigue influenced the retention of zirconia crowns to titanium base abutments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrico B Strazzi-Sahyon
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Postdoctoral Researcher, Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Petra C Gierthmuehlen
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adolfo C O Lopes
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa M M Alves
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abbas Zahoui
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alexandre M de Carvalho
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva NR, Araújo GD, Moura D, Araújo LD, Gurgel BDV, Melo RM, Bottino MA, Özcan M, Zhang Y, Souza R. Clinical Performance of Minimally Invasive Monolithic Ultratranslucent Zirconia Veneers: A Case Series up to Five Years of Follow-up. Oper Dent 2023; 48:606-617. [PMID: 37961016 DOI: 10.2341/22-118-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of reports in the literature on the long-term clinical performance of ultratranslucent zirconia, especially considering its use in manufacturing monolithic veneers. The purpose of this case series is to describe the aesthetic treatment steps of three patients with minimally invasive ultratranslucent zirconia veneers and to report the clinical findings up to five years. Three patients (woman: 2, man: 1; mean age: 30 years) unsatisfied with their dental aesthetics sought dental treatment. The treatment plan involved cementing ultratranslucent zirconia veneers. Air-abrasion was performed on the internal surface of zirconia with alumina particles coated by silica (silicatization), followed by silane and adhesive applications for the adhesive cementation. All veneers were adhesively cemented to enamel with resin cement (Variolink Esthetic, Ivoclar). The patients were clinically evaluated annually considering the Ryge modified/ California Dental Association criteria. After a mean follow-up of 4.33 years (4-5 years), a survival rate of 100% was detected for the 28 minimally invasive ultratranslucent zirconia veneers cemented in the 3 patients. There were no absolute failures such as debonding, veneer fracture, or secondary caries. Superficial marginal discoloration was observed in one element (maxillary left lateral incisor) of one patient. Ultratranslucent zirconia is a viable option for manufacturing veneers due to its excellent clinical performance and longevity. However, further long-term clinical studies are essential to consolidate this material as an option for esthetic restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Silva
- Nathalia Ramos Silva, DDs, MSc, PhD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil
| | - Gm de Araújo
- Gabriela Monteiro de Araújo, DDs, MSc, PhD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil
| | - Dmd Moura
- Dayanne Monteiro Duarte Moura, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Brazil
| | - Lnm de Araújo
- Lidya Nara Marques de Araújo, DDs, MSc, PhD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil
| | - Bc de Vasconcelos Gurgel
- Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel, DDs, MSc, PhD, professor, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil
| | - R M Melo
- Renata Marques Melo, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, São Paulo State University (UNESP/SJP), Brazil
| | - M A Bottino
- Marco Antonio Bottino, DDs, MSc, PhD, professor, São Paulo State University (UNESP/SJP), Brazil
| | - M Özcan
- Mutlu Özcan, DDs, MSc, PhD, professor, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y Zhang
- Yu Zhang, DDs, MSc, PhD, professor, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roa Souza
- *Rodrigo Othavio Assunção Souza, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adak IO, Aguloglu S, Adak BM, Sari I. Comparison of the translucency parameters and bond strength of 5Y-ZP zirconia, 3-YTZP zirconia, and lithium disilicate. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1491-1497. [PMID: 37929525 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_91_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background E-max is a more aesthetic material than traditional zirconia. In addition, the bond strength of traditional zirconia with adhesive cements is lower. There are not enough studies on how the aesthetic values and bond strength of 5-YZP, the new generation zirconia, compare to e-max and traditional zirconia. Can 5-YZP be an alternative to e-max in terms of aesthetics and bond strength? Aim The aim of the study is to compare the translucency property and bonding ability of 5y-zp zirconias with previous generation zirconias and lithium disilicate. Materials and Methods Two types of zirconia Katana UT and Katana HT for measuring translucency values; and using a type of lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD LT, three groups were formed (n = 10). Translucency specimens were fabricated (n = 10). Their L*a*b* values were measured against a black-and-white background with a spectrophotometer, and DE00 was calculated. To perform micro-shear tests, a cylinder design was made from zirconia and IPS e.max CAD blocks (n = 20). After the samples were aged by thermal cycle, the micro-shear test was applied to specimens cemented to teeth extracted with two different adhesive cement systems. Results According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, a statistically significant difference was found between the translucency parameter (TP) values of the groups. According to Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparisons, the values of the three groups are statistically different from each other. Although IPS e.max CAD group has the highest TP values, the Katana HT group has the lowest values. Conclusion 5Y-PZ has a TP intermediate to those of 3Y-TZP and lithium disilicate. Long-term bond strength of 3Y-TZP and 5Y-ZP were similar to those of lithium disilicate. To be an alternative to glass ceramics in the anterior region, translucency and bond strength values need to be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ozkan Adak
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Aguloglu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - B M Adak
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - I Sari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Piulachs I, Giner-Tarrida L, España-Tost A, Arnabat-Dominguez J, Florian C. In vitro comparative study between adhesion forces obtained on zirconia ceramic micromechanically treated with femtosecond laser (1027 nm), carbon dioxide laser (10,600 nm), and aluminum-oxide particles. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:194. [PMID: 37626207 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Conventional surface roughening treatments used for silica-based ceramics in order to improve subsequent adhesion become unreliable for zirconia ceramics. Laser conditioning can be a good alternative. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare conventional (macro) shear bond strength (SBS) values obtained between resin composite and zirconium oxide ceramic samples grouped according to different micromechanical treatments received, and examine differences in surface roughness. One-hundred and fifty disks of sintered zirconia were randomly divided into 5 groups and roughened as follows: (1) Group NOT, no surface treatment; (2) Group APA, abraded with 50-μm aluminum-oxide (Al2O3) particles; (3) Group TBS, abraded with 30-μm aluminum-oxide particles covered with silica; (4) Group CO2, irradiated with a CO2 laser which emitted in continuous wave mode at 3 W of power; and (5) Group FEM, irradiated with a pulsed femtosecond laser, with an incident energy of 10 μJ, a frequency of 1000 Hz, and a fluence of 1.3 kJ/cm2. All surfaces were treated with a MDP-containing adhesive/silane coupling agent mixture upon which were prepared and light polymerized composite resin cylinders. Shear bond strength was measured and samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among all groups, except between CO2 and FEM, which showed the highest adhesion values (15.12 ± 2.35 MPa and 16.03 ± 2.73 MPa). SEM revealed differences in surface patterns. CO2 laser irradiation can be an alternative to sandblasting, although it could also weaken the ceramic. Suitable surface patterns on zirconia ceramics can be obtained with ultrashort pulsed radiation emitted by a pulsed femtosecond laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Piulachs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luis Giner-Tarrida
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni España-Tost
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Camilo Florian
- Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Óptica Daza de Valdés, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nogueira VDF, Rodrigues CDS, Grangeiro MTV, Contreras LPC, Marinho RMDM, Bottino MA. Interface adhesion on layered zirconia: Effects of the veneering ceramic material and veneering technique. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37626443 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different veneering ceramics and veneering techniques on the bond strength to zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3Y-TZP zirconia blocks were sliced into 60 slabs, polished, and sintered. Each slab received one ceramic cylinder (Ø = 3.4 mm, 5 mm-high), according to the veneering ceramic type (feldspathic-FEL or lithium disilicate-based-LD) and the veneering technique (file-splitting with resin-based luting agent-RC, file-splitting with fusion ceramic-FC, or heat-pressing-HT), which resulted in six groups: FEL-RC, FEL-FC, FEL-HT, LD-RC, LD-FC, LD-HT. After preparation, the samples were immersed in distilled water for 24 h before the shear bond strength (SBS) test. The failure modes were classified as adhesive, predominantly adhesive, or cohesive. Representative failure mode images were taken in a Scanning Electron Microscope. The SBS data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Both type of veneering ceramic and technique affected the bond strength. FC led to the highest SBS values. RC and HP provided similar results when compared within each veneering ceramic. Lithium disilicate achieved lower bond strength than feldspathic ceramic when the heat-pressing technique was applied. The most frequent failure modes were predominantly adhesive and adhesive for FEL and LD, respectively. CONCLUSION File-splitting with fusion ceramic provided the highest adhesion to zirconia when feldspathic or lithium disilicate-based ceramics were used. The heat-pressing technique for veneering with lithium disilicate significantly decreased the bond strength when compared to the feldspathic ceramic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Fátima Nogueira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Manassés Tercio Vieira Grangeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Anhanguera University, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisseth Patricia Claudio Contreras
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Marques de Melo Marinho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reslan MR, Sayed M, Rayyan MM, Farouk H. Effect of Cement Type on Fracture Resistance and Mode of Failure of Monolith vs Bilayered Zirconia Single Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:576-581. [PMID: 38193181 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare the fracture resistance and the mode of failure between monolith second-generation zirconia and bilayered first-generation zirconia single crowns cemented by resin cement and glass ionomer cement (GIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 maxillary first premolar crowns (5 mm in length × 4 mm in cervical diameter, with a base of 6 mm) were computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled. They were divided into the following two groups (n = 18) according to the fabrication techniques: Group M - monolith zirconia crown (1-mm axial thickness and 2-mm occlusal thickness) and group B - bilayer zirconia crown (0.5-mm axial thickness and 1-mm occlusal thickness). Each group was further subdivided into the following two subgroups (n = 9) according to the cement used: Subgroup G - cemented using GIC; subgroup R - cemented using resin cement. All crowns were cemented to their corresponding resin dies and stored in distilled water for 72 hours. Each specimen was mounted to the lower member of the universal testing machine with a load cell of 5 kN and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Failure modes were analyzed for fractured parts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Subgroup MR recorded the highest fracture resistance mean value (3616 ± 347.2 N) while the BG subgroup recorded the statistically significant lowest fracture resistance mean value (1728.7 ± 115.3 N). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by pairwise Tukey's post hoc tests revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001) between groups M and B. One-way ANOVA followed by pairwise Tukey's post hoc tests also showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0297) between the types of cement used (subgroups G and R). CONCLUSION Monolith zirconia crowns had better mean fracture resistance than bilayered zirconia crowns. Resin cement improved the fracture resistance compared to GIC. Monolith zirconia crowns showed bulk fracture while bilayered zirconia crowns showed chipping fracture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Monolith zirconia crowns present a good prosthetic alternative overcoming the veneer chipping drawback of bilayered zirconia crowns. In addition, resin cement could increase the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaat Reslan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Sayed
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara Campus, Sinai, Egypt, Phone: +20 1288670943, e-mail:
| | - Mohammad Mostafa Rayyan
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara Campus, Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hadeel Farouk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara Campus, Sinai, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Calamita RS, Oliveira AAD, Pizzanelli GG, Salvador MVO, Mesquita AMM, Pecorari VGA, Lima AF. Interaction of different concentrations of 10-MDP and GPDM on the zirconia bonding. Dent Mater 2023; 39:665-668. [PMID: 37225538 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the influence of different concentrations of 10-MDP and GPDM used, combined or not, on the bonding to zirconia. METHODS Specimens of zirconia and a resin-composite (7 mm length, 1 mm width, and 1 mm thick) were obtained. The experimental groups were obtained according to the functional monomer (10-MDP and GPDM) and the concentrations (3 %, 5 %, and 8 %). For the groups with combined 10-MDP and GPDM, the agents were used with a proportion of 50 %/50 % wt until reaching the 3 %, 5 % and 8 % concentrations. All monomers were diluted in ethanol to obtain the primers. Two control groups were established: ethanol (negative control) and a commercial reference Monobond N (positive control). The zirconia surface treatment was performed with the primer application followed by the bonding to a resin-composite sample with a light-curing resin cement. Twenty-four hours after the adhesive procedure, a microtensile test was performed and the failure pattern of each sample was analysed with a stereoscopic magnifying glass. Data were analysed by a two-way ANOVA and Dunnet test. RESULTS All experimental primers presented a higher bond strength than the negative control (ethanol). Excepting the 8 % GPDM primer, all groups presented statistically similar bond strength compared to the positive control, with a predominance of adhesive failure. SIGNIFICANCE 10-MDP, GPDM, and the combination of both for the concentrations tested promote an effective chemical bonding to zirconia. However, using 10-MDP and GPDM in the same primer has no synergistic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Soares Calamita
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Gamero Pizzanelli
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
He W, Ding N, Hou B, Zhang Z. Bonding effect of a Zr/Si coating prepared on zirconia using a sol-gel method. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:787.e1-787.e9. [PMID: 37029004 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Zirconia has been widely used as a dental prosthetic material. However, bonding to zirconia is challenging, and whether a Zr/Si coating would improve bonding is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to prepare a Zr/Si coating on zirconia ceramics using a sol-gel method and to determine whether the bonding to resin is improved. MATERIAL AND METHODS Presintered zirconia specimens were prepared and divided into 5 groups: 4 experimental groups with ratios of the binary sol-gel precursor (zirconium oxychloride/tetraethoxysilane) set as 2:1 (Z2), 1:1 (Z1), 0.5:1 (Z0.5), and 0.25:1 (Z0.25) and Group C as the control group. In addition to surface roughness measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out to characterize the surface. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to whether a silane coupling agent was applied. Half of the bond specimens were stored in deionized water for 24 hours; the remaining half were aged using 5000 thermocycles. The shear bond strength (SBS) of resin bonded to specimens was tested for the initial and durable bond strength, and the bonding interface was also observed by SEM after debonding. Data were subjected to 1-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS The Zr/Si coating formed on zirconia ceramics. Z0.5 had the greatest mean ±standard deviation roughness (2.13 ±0.15 μm) and had the highest silicon content (21.7 ±0.21%). t-ZrO2, m-ZrO2, c-SiO2, and ZrSiO4 were detected by XRD in Z1. The SBS values were decreased by aging but were significantly increased by Zr/Si coating, especially for Z0.5, with the application of silane (initial: 22.92 ±2.79 MPa; aged: 9.91 ±0.92 MPa). CONCLUSIONS The Zr/Si coating significantly improved the initial and aged bond strength, and the optimal Zr/Si ratio of the sol-gel appeared to be 0.5:1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng He
- Graduate student, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Ding
- Technician, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Professor, Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zutai Zhang
- Professor, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Görgen CI, Sagheb K, Lehmann KM, Schmidtmann I, Wentaschek S. Influence of cold atmospheric-pressure-plasma in combination with different pretreatment methods on the pull-off tensile load in two-piece abutment-crowns: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:186. [PMID: 36997908 PMCID: PMC10064688 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In implant prosthetic dentistry, the adhesive connection of individualized ceramic crowns and prefabricated titanium bases leads to several benefits. However, the durability of the bonding could be a weak point and especially depends on sufficient surface pretreatment. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is a pretreatment method that should improve the surface properties without physical damage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of CAP treatment on pull-off tensile load in two-piece abutment crowns. METHODS Eighty zirconia crowns and titanium bases were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to their surface pretreatment prior to cementation with Panavia V5: no treatment (A); sandblasting (B); 10-MDP primer (C); sandblasting and primer (D); CAP (AP); sandblasting and CAP (BP); CAP and primer (CP); sandblasting, CAP and primer (DP). The specimens were thermocycled (5°/55°, 5000 cycles), and then the pull-off tensile load (TL) was measured. Statistical analyses were performed using three-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS The results showed that the TL was highest in group D (p < 0.0001). Some combinations of different treatments led to effects that were greater than the sum of the individual effects. These effects were modified by interactions. Only in combination with primer, CAP treatment had a small but positive significant effect (group CP vs. C and CP vs. AP, p < 0.0001) which however did not come close to the strong interaction effect that resulted from the combination of sandblasting and primer. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, CAP treatment cannot be recommended in this specific field of indication due to its unreliable influence on TL in combination with other pretreatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin-Isabel Görgen
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Materials, University Medical Centre, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kawe Sagheb
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Materials, University Medical Centre, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Martin Lehmann
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Materials, University Medical Centre, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Wentaschek
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Materials, University Medical Centre, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Thammajaruk P, Guazzato M, Naorungroj S. Cleaning methods of contaminated zirconia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2023; 39:235-245. [PMID: 36754733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature and statistically analyze the effectiveness of different cleaning methods on the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia in short- and long-term aging conditions. DATA/SOURCES The literature was electronically searched in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Wiley, Scopus, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations databases to select relevant articles that evaluated the bond strength between contaminated zirconia and resin cements. A manual search was performed by scanning the reference lists of included studies. STUDY SELECTION All articles were published online before April 2022 and in English. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) between uncontaminated zirconia and various cleaning methods in two aging conditions (short- and long-term). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-square statistics. The risk of bias of all included studies was assessed. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA (StataCorp, College Station, Texas). RESULTS Of the 1181 studies, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analyses. In short-term aging condition, cleaning contaminated zirconia with water, alcohol, or acid etching reported significantly lower bond strength than uncontaminated zirconia. For long-term aging condition, cleaning contaminated zirconia with water, cleaning agents, alcohol, or acid etching reported significantly lower bond strength than uncontaminated zirconia. Alumina air-abrasion or cleaning with sodium hypochlorite were comparable to uncontaminated zirconia for both short- and long-term aging conditions. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis appeared to indicate that the cleaning methods of contaminated zirconia restoration have an effect on zirconia bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putsadeeporn Thammajaruk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Massimiliano Guazzato
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rues S, Zehender N, Zenthöfer A, Bömicke W, Herpel C, Ilani A, Erber R, Roser C, Lux CJ, Rammelsberg P, Schwindling FS. Fit of anterior restorations made of 3D-printed and milled zirconia: An in-vitro study. J Dent 2023; 130:104415. [PMID: 36640843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the fit of zirconia veneers made by either 3D printing or milling. METHODS A typodont maxillary central incisor was prepared for a 0.5-mm-thick veneer and was reproduced 36 times from resin. Restorations were designed with a 20-µm-wide marginal and a 60-µm-wide internal cement gap, and were made from 3D-printed zirconia (LithaCon 3Y 210, Lithoz, n = 24) and milled zirconia (Cercon ht, DentsplySirona, n = 12). For milled zirconia, a drill compensation was needed to give the milling bur access to the intaglio surface. The restorations were cemented, cross-sectioned, and the cement gap size was analyzed by two raters. Inter-rater reliability was studied at 12 3D-printed veneers (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC, mixed model, absolute agreement). Twelve remaining 3D-printed restorations were compared with 12 milled restorations regarding fit at three locations: marginally, labially, and at the incisal edge (Mann-Whitney U-tests, α<0.05). RESULTS Inter-rater reliability was excellent, with an ICC single-measure coefficient of 0.944 (95%-confidence interval: [0.907; 0.966]). Gap sizes (mean ± SD / maximum) were 55 ± 9 / 143 µm at the margins, 68 ± 14 / 130 µm labially, and 78 ± 19 / 176 µm at the incisor edge for 3D-printed veneers. For milled veneers, gap sizes were 44 ± 11 / 141 µm at the margins, 85 ± 19 / 171 µm labially, and 391 ± 26 / 477 µm at the incisor edge. At the margins, the milled veneers outperformed the 3D-printed restorations (p = 0.011). The cement gap at the incisor edge was significantly smaller after 3D printing (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed zirconia restorations showed clinically acceptable mean marginal gaps below 100 µm. Because drill compensation could be omitted with 3D printing, the fit at the sharp incisal edge was significantly tighter than with milling. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The fit of 3D-printed ceramic anterior restorations meets clinical standards. In addition, 3D printing is associated with a greater geometrical freedom than milling. With regard to fit this feature allows tighter adaptation even after minimally invasive preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rues
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Zehender
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zenthöfer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Herpel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Ilani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Erber
- Department of Orthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Roser
- Department of Orthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Lux
- Department of Orthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Darkoue YA, Burgess JO, Lawson N, McLaren E, Lemons JE, Morris GP, Givan DA, Fu CC. Effects of Particle Abrasion Media and Pressure on Flexural Strength and Bond Strength of Zirconia. Oper Dent 2023; 48:59-67. [PMID: 36445958 DOI: 10.2341/20-168-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of particle abrasion medium and pressure on shear bond strength and biaxial flexural strength of three generations of zirconia (Lava Frame, Lava Plus, and Lava Esthetic) with the goal of optimizing the bond to zirconia. METHODS 280 discs (14 mm diameter; 1 mm thickness) of each zirconia were milled and sintered. Specimens of each material were randomly distributed into 14 groups (n=20); half were tested for shear bond strength and half were tested for biaxial flexural strength. The specimens were particle abraded on one surface by 2 different media (50 μm alumina particles or 50 μm glass beads) for 10 seconds at three different pressures (15, 30, and 45 psi or 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 MPa). Untreated specimens served as positive control. A tube (1.50 mm diameter) filled with dual cured resin cement (Panavia SA) was placed onto the surface and light cured. Specimens were stored in water (37°C for 24 hours) and shear bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine (Instron). Biaxial flexural strength of each specimen was measured according to ISO 6872. Shear bond strength and biaxial flexural strength were compared individually with a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for factors surface treatment and zirconia composition. RESULTS Significant differences were seen between surface treatments (p<0.01), zirconia composition (p<0.01) and their interaction (p<0.01) for both bond strength and flexural strength. With alumina particle abrasion, higher pressure produced higher bonds for Lava Frame and Lava Plus zirconia while the bond of Lava Esthetic declined with increased pressure. Higher pressure (>0.2 MPa or 30 psi) with alumina decreased biaxial flexural strength with Lava Esthetic zirconia. CONCLUSIONS Particle abrasion with alumina produced a significantly better combination of bond strength while maintaining biaxial strength of three zirconia materials than particle abrasion with glass beads. The bond strength also depended upon the pressure of particle abrasion and the generation of zirconia used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y A Darkoue
- *Yasko A Darkoue, BDS, MS, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J O Burgess
- John O Burgess, DDS, MS, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N Lawson
- Nathaniel Lawson, DMD, MA, PhD, University of Alabama, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E McLaren
- Edward McLaren, DDS, MDC, retired professor, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J E Lemons
- Jack E Lemons, MS, PhD, University of Alabama, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G P Morris
- Geoffrey P Morris, MS, University of Alabama, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D A Givan
- Daniel A Givan, DMD, PhD, University of Alabama, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C-C Fu
- Chin-Chuan Fu, DDS, MS, University of Alabama, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bonfante EA, Calamita M, Bergamo ETP. Indirect restorative systems-A narrative review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:84-104. [PMID: 36688803 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The background and clinical understanding of the properties of currently available indirect restorative systems and fabrication methods is, along with manufacturer and evidence-based literature, an important starting point to guide the clinical selection of materials for tooth and/or implant supported reconstructions. Therefore, this review explores most indirect restorative systems available in the market, especially all-ceramic, along with aspects of manufacturing process, clinical survival rates, and esthetic outcomes. OVERVIEW Progressive incorporation of new technologies in the dental field and advancements in materials science have enabled the development/improvement of indirect restorative systems and treatment concepts in oral rehabilitation, resulting in reliable and predictable workflows and successful esthetic and functional outcomes. Indirect restorative systems have evolved from metal ceramics and polymers to glass ceramics, polycrystalline ceramics, and resin-matrix ceramics, aiming to improve not only biological and mechanical properties, but especially the optical properties and esthetic quality of the reconstructions, in attempt to mimic natural teeth. CONCLUSIONS Based on several clinical research, materials, and patient-related parameters, a decision tree for the selection of indirect restorative materials was suggested to guide clinicians in the rehabilitation process. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The pace of materials development is faster than that of clinical research aimed to support their use. Since no single material provides an ideal solution to every case, professionals must continuously seek information from well designed, long-term clinical trials in order to incorporate or not new materials and technological advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Calamita
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Trushkowsky R, Asavanamuang P, Khurana D, Passaro L, Carnazza G. Conservatively replacing missing anterior teeth with resin bonded ceramic restorations. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 35:567-576. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Trushkowsky
- Cariology and Comprehensive Care (Part Time Faculty), College of Dentistry, Advanced Program for International Dentists in Aesthetic Dentistry New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
| | - Praewvanit Asavanamuang
- Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, Advanced Program for International Dentists in Aesthetic Dentistry New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
| | - Deepakshi Khurana
- Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, Advanced Program for International Dentists in Aesthetic Dentistry New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
| | - Larry Passaro
- Cariology and Comprehensive Care (Part Time Faculty), College of Dentistry, Advanced Program for International Dentists in Aesthetic Dentistry New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
| | - Guy Carnazza
- Cariology and Comprehensive Care (Full Time Faculty), College of Dentistry, Advanced Program for International Dentists in Aesthetic Dentistry New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Burgo TL, Pereira GKR, Iglesias BA, Moreira KS, Valandro LF. AFM advanced modes for dental and biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105475. [PMID: 36195052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several analytical methods have been employed to elucidate bonding mechanisms between dental hard tissues, luting agents and restorative materials. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging that has been extensively used in materials science, but its full capabilities are poorly explored by dental research community. In fact, commonly used to obtain topographic images of different surfaces, it turns out that AFM is an underestimated technique considering that there are dozens of basic and advanced modes that are scarcely used to explain properties of biomaterials. Thus, this paper addresses the use of phase-contrast imaging, force-distance curves, nanomechanical and Kelvin probe force techniques during AFM analysis to explore topological, nanomechanical and electrical properties of Y-TZP samples modified by different surface treatments, which has been widely used to promote adhesive enhancements to such substrate. The AFM methods are capable of access erstwhile inaccessible properties of Y-TZP which allowed us to describe its adhesive properties correctly. Thus, AFM technique emerges as a key tool to investigate the complex nature of biomaterials and highlighting its inherent interdisciplinarity that can be successfully used for bridging fragmented disciplines such as solid-state physics, microbiology and dental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ThiagoA L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and Ph.D. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Kelly S Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and Ph.D. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ribeiro RF, Oliveira DF, Tovani CB, Ramos AP, Borges AFS, Faria ACL, de Almeida RP, Rodrigues RCS. Y-TZP Physicochemical Properties Conditioned with ZrO 2 and SiO 2 Nanofilms and Bond Strength to Dual Resin Cement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7905. [PMID: 36431390 PMCID: PMC9694964 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Commercial Yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) was subjected to surface treatments, and the bond strength of dual resin cement to Y-TZP and failure modes were evaluated. Disks (12 mm × 2 mm), cylinders (7 mm × 3.3 mm), and bars (25 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm) were milled from Y-TZP CAD-CAM blocks, divided into seven groups, and subjected to different surface treatments; silicatization was used as control. On the basis of the literature, this study evaluated modifications with films containing SiO2 nanoparticles and silane; SiO2+ZrO2—SiO2 (50%) and ZrO2 (50%) nanoparticles, SiO2+ZrO2/Silane-SiO2 (50%) and ZrO2 (50%) nanoparticles, and silane. Specimens were analyzed by wettability (n = 3), surface free energy (n = 3), X-ray diffraction (n = 1), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (n = 1), roughness (n = 5), shear bond test (n = 10), and dynamic modulus (n = 3). Specimens treated with hydrofluoric acid—HF 40% presented significantly higher contact angle and lowest surface free energy (p < 0.05). The SiO2/Silane presented crystalline SiO2 on the surface. The surface roughness was significantly higher for groups treated with nanofilms (p < 0.05). Shear bond strength was significantly higher for silicatization, HF 40%/silicatization, SiO2/Silane, and SiO2+ZrO2/Silane groups. The proposed treatments with nanofilms had potentially good results without prejudice to the physicochemical characteristics of zirconia. Generally, groups that underwent silica surface deposition and silanization had better bond strength (p < 0.005).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-FORP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flamini Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-FORP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Bussola Tovani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Sanches Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-FOB/USP, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Claudia Lapria Faria
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-FORP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pereira de Almeida
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-FORP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-FORP-USP, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Negreiros WM, Cotta MA, Rueggeberg FA, Bonvent JJ, Nascimento FD, Giannini M. Effects of argon plasma and aging on the mechanical properties and phase transformation of 3Y-TZP zirconia. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:100-107. [PMID: 36287491 PMCID: PMC9645163 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) of a commercial 3Y-TZ0P ceramic after artificial aging and either without or with two application times of non-thermal plasma treatments (NTP). In addition, changes in crystalline phase transformation and surface nano-topography after NTP application, during different aging periods, were evaluated. Ninety 3Y-TZP bars (45x4x3 mm) were made for FS and FM testing, and assigned to nine groups (n=10): no NTP/no aging (Control); no NTP/4h aging; no NTP/30h aging; 10s NTP/no aging; 10s NTP/4h aging; 10s NTP/30h aging; 60s NTP/no aging; 60s NTP/4h aging and 60s NTP/30h aging. Artificial accelerated aging was simulated using an autoclave (134º C at 2 bar) for up to 30h. FS and FM were assessed using a universal testing machine and data analyzed using a ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). The volume change in zirconia monoclinic phase (MPV) was evaluated using X-ray diffraction and surface nano-topography was assessed using atomic force microscopy (baseline until 30h-aging). NTP application did not influence the FS and FM of zirconia. Compared to the Control (no NTP/no aging), the FS of zirconia samples treated for 30 hours in autoclave (“no NTP/30h aging” group) increased. Artificial aging for 30 hours significantly increased the FM of zirconia, regardless of NTP application. MPV tended to increase following the increase in aging time, which might result in the surface irregularities observed at 30h-aging. NTP did not alter the zirconia properties tested, but 30h-aging can change the zirconia FS, FM and MPV.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gehrke P, Riebe O, Fischer C, Weinhold O, Dhom G, Sader R, Weigl P. Microbiological cleaning and disinfection efficacy of a three-stage ultrasonic processing protocol for CAD-CAM implant abutments. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:273-284. [PMID: 36452367 PMCID: PMC9672693 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.5.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) of implant abutments has been shown to result in surface contamination from site-specific milling and fabrication processes. If not removed, these contaminants can have a potentially adverse effect and may trigger inflammatory responses of the peri-implant tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial disinfection and cleaning efficacy of ultrasonic reprocessing in approved disinfectants to reduce the microbial load of CAD-CAM abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different types of custom implant abutments (total N = 32) with eight specimens in each test group (type I to IV) were CAD-CAM manufactured. In two separate contamination experiments, specimens were contaminated with heparinized sheep blood alone and with heparinized sheep blood and the test bacterium Enterococcus faecium. Abutments in the test group were processed according to a three-stage ultrasonic protocol and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by determination of residual protein. Ultrasonicated specimens contaminated with sheep blood and E. faecium were additionally eluted and the dilutions were incubated on agar plates for seven days. The determined bacterial counts were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU). RESULTS Ultrasonic reprocessing resulted in a substantial decrease in residual bacterial protein to less than 80 µg and a reduction in microbiota of more than 7 log levels of CFU for all abutment types, exceeding the effect required for disinfection. CONCLUSION A three-stage ultrasonic cleaning and disinfection protocol results in effective bacterial decontamination. The procedure is reproducible and complies with the standardized reprocessing and disinfection specifications for one- or two-piece CAD-CAM implant abutments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gehrke
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Master of Oral Implantology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Private Practice for Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Oliver Riebe
- HygCen Germany GmbH, Laboratory, Schwerin, Germany
| | | | - Octavio Weinhold
- Private Practice for Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Günter Dhom
- Private Practice for Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Weigl
- Department of Prosthodontics and Head of Department of Postgraduate Education, Master of Oral Implantology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sadeghyar A, Lettner S, Watts DC, Schedle A. Alternatives to amalgam: Is pretreatment necessary for effective bonding to dentin? Dent Mater 2022; 38:1703-1709. [PMID: 36115700 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment of the dentin surface is beneficial or not by analysis of the bond strengths of four self-adhesive restoratives and four restoration materials where pretreatment of dentin was necessary. METHODS Bovine incisors (n = 160) were ground flat on the labial surfaces to expose dentin using a grinder and silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive papers under running water. Between preparation and bonding procedures, the crowns were stored in Chloramine-T solution at 4 °C. Eight different restorative materials were studied: Activa BioActive (ABA), Cention Forte (CNF), Ceram.x Spectra ST (CXS), Riva self-cure (RSC), Equia Forte (EQF), Fuji II LC (FJI), Ketac Molar (KTM), Surefil one (SFO). Four materials required pretreatment of the dental hard tissue before placement, whereas the other four were self-adhesive (no pretreatment). The specimens were mounted vertically in plaster. A preload of 5 N was applied and the subsequent cross-head speed was 0.8 mm/min. Shear bond strengths (MPa) were calculated as the failure load divided by the bonding area. Failure modes were recorded as adhesive, cohesive or pretest. Data were statistically analyzed via ordinal regression for inference and Tukey's method to adjust for multiple comparisons. All computations were done using R version 4.1.2 (R Core Team 2021). RESULTS Smax (failure stress in MPa) of the combined groups with pretreatment were significantly higher than the self-adhesive materials. The highest frequency of pretest-failure was seen with FJI. Glass-ionomer cements without pretreatment were the only restoratives with pretest failures. Amongst materials without pretreatment, SFO had the highest bond strengths. SIGNIFICANCE The further reduction of the placement steps for materials used as an amalgam alternative, namely the omission of pretreatment of the dentin, results in these self-adhesive materials having lower bond strengths than materials that require pretreatment of the dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sadeghyar
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - S Lettner
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - D C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Schedle
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu B, Hu Y, Li X, Gao J, Sun R, Zhan D, Sano H, Fu J. Shear bond strength of different bonding agents to orthodontic metal bracket and zirconia. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:749-756. [PMID: 36070928 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of four bonding agents used to bond metal brackets to zirconia under different storage conditions. Four bonding agents were used [FLC: (Fuji ORTHO LC), XT: (TransbondTM XT), RUC-SBU: (Rely XTM Ultimate Clicker Adhesive Resin Cement+Single Bond Universal), and RUC-GBU: (Rely XTM Ultimate Clicker Adhesive Resin Cement+Gluma Bond Universal)] to bond two types of metal brackets (PT/3M) to zirconia surfaces, and they were stored in water at 37ºC for 24 h or thermocycling for 3,000 cycles. The SBS data of RUC-SBU and RUC-GBU using PT brackets were significantly higher than those of 3M brackets before and after thermocycling. It could be concluded that RUC-SBU and RUC-GBU could offer sufficient bond strength between metal brackets and zirconia for the short term compared with FLC and XT. The design of brackets can significantly affect the bond strength to zirconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Yichun Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Xiangyi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Ruitong Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Desong Zhan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Jiale Fu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Buyukerkmen EB, Bozkurt DA, Terlemez A. Effect of surface treatment, ferrule height, and luting agent type on pull-out bond strength of monolithic zirconia endocrowns. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:279-282. [PMID: 35989297 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments, ferrule heights, and luting agents on the pull-out bond strength (PBS) of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic endocrowns. METHODS After endodontic treatment and preparation for two endocrown designs (ferrule height 0 mm or 2 mm), CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia endocrowns were fabricated for 80 mandibular molars. Each endocrown design group was then divided on the basis of surface treatment into two groups: half were air-abraded and half were air-abraded/laser-irradiated. Then, all treated groups were further divided into two subgroups (n = 10) and cemented to teeth with either a 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing resin luting agent (Panavia SA) or a combination of MDP-containing primer and MDP-free resin luting agent (Monobond Plus/Multilink Automix). PBS was measured with a universal test machine after simulated chewing and thermocycling. Three-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS PBS was significantly associated with type of surface treatment, type of luting agent, and ferrule height. Air-abraded/laser-irradiated endocrowns with a 2-mm ferrule that were cemented with Monobond Plus/Multilink Automix had the highest PBS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Surface treatment with air abrasion/laser irradiation, presence of a ferrule, and priming with an MDP-containing primer increased the PBS of monolithic zirconia endocrowns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Buyukerkmen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University
| | - Durmuş A Bozkurt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University
| | - Arslan Terlemez
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guilardi LF, Pereira G, Giordani JC, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Cement Choice and the Fatigue Performance of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations. Oper Dent 2022; 47:461-472. [PMID: 35917240 DOI: 10.2341/20-143-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the fatigue failure load of simplified monolithic yttria partially stabilized zirconia polycrystal restorations cemented to a dentin-like substrate using different luting systems. Disc-shaped ceramic (Zenostar T, 10 mm Ø × 0.7 mm thick) and dentin-like substrate (10 mm Ø × 2.8 mm thick) were produced and randomly allocated into eight groups, without or with thermocycling (TC=5-55°C/12,000×): "cement" (RelyX Luting 2 - glass ionomer cement [Ion], [Ion/TC]; RelyX U200 - self-adhesive resin cement [Self], [Self/TC]; Single Bond Universal+RelyX Ultimate - MDP-containing adhesive + resin cement [MDPAD + RC], [MDP-AD + RC/TC]; ED Primer II+Panavia F 2.0 - Primer + MDP-containing resin cement [PR + MDP-RC], [PR + MDP-RC/TC])). Each luting system was used as recommended by the manufacturer. Staircase methodology (20 Hz; 250,000 cycles) was applied for obtaining the fatigue failure loads. Fractographic characteristics were also assessed. At baseline, the Ion group presented the lowest fatigue load, although it was statistically similar to the Self group. The resin-based cement systems presented the highest fatigue performance, with the Ion group being only statistically equal to the Self group. Thermocycling influenced the groups differently. After aging, the MDP-AD + RC presented the highest mean, followed by the PR + MDP-RC and Self groups, while the Ion group had the lowest mean. Fractographic analysis depicted all failures as radial cracks starting at the zirconia intaglio surface. The luting system with MDP-containing adhesive applied prior to the resin cement presented the highest fatigue failure load after aging, presenting the best predictability of stable performance. Despite this, monolithic zirconia presents high load-bearing capability regardless of the luting agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L F Guilardi
- Luis Felipe Guilardi, associate researcher, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Gkr Pereira
- Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, MsciD, PhD, adjunct professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - J C Giordani
- João Carlos Giordani, undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - C J Kleverlaan
- Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan, PhD, full professor, Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - L F Valandro
- Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSciD, PhD, full professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - M P Rippe
- *Marilia Pivetta Rippe, MSciD, PhD, adjunct professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hajjaj MS, Alzahrani SJ. Effect of Different Cleaning Methods on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Contaminated Zirconia. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145068. [PMID: 35888534 PMCID: PMC9324905 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cleaning methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to contaminated zirconia specimens. Eighty rectangular-shaped specimens (2 × 5 × 10 mm) were fabricated from Zirconia blocks (IPS e.max ZirCAD) and randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10). Group A (control) was not exposed to contaminants. The following tests specimens were contaminated with saliva and silicone indicating paste. Group B was coated with ceramic primer, then subjected to contamination. Groups C, D, E, F, G, and H were contaminated; cleaned with water rinse, Ivoclean, air particle abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, KATANATM Cleaner and ZirCleanTM, respectively, and then coated with ceramic primer and bonded to dual cure resin cement cylinders. All the specimens were subjected to artificial aging and surviving specimens were subjected to the SBS test. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and multiple comparison methods at the 0.05 significance level were used. There was no statistically significant difference among Ivoclean (21.48 ± 2.90 MPa), air particle abrasion (21.92 ± 2.85 MPa), and the control group (24.68 ± 5.46). The application of ceramic primer before contamination did not preserve the SBS of resin cement to zirconia. Cleaning the contaminated zirconia surface with hydrofluoric acid (15.03 ± 3.63) or KATANATM Cleaner (17.27 ± 7.63) did not restore SBS to the uncontaminated state, but it was significantly higher than simply rinsing with water (12.46 ± 5.17) or the use of ZirCleanTM (11.59 ± 5.53). The bond strength of resin cement to zirconia was influenced by cleaning methods.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abdulrahman DM, Sherief DI, El-Korashy DI. Effect of different surface treatments on the bonding potential and physical and mechanical properties of ultratranslucent zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00377-8. [PMID: 35850873 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies to determine a suitable surface treatment that improves bonding without compromising the strength or translucency of ultratranslucent zirconia are scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on translucency, surface topography, phase transformation, biaxial flexural strength, bond strength, and durability. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 169 ultratranslucent zirconia disks were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the surface treatment applied: airborne-particle abrasion (APA) (n=46), tribochemical silica airborne-particle abrasion (TS) (n=46), nonthermal oxygen plasma (NTP) (n=46), and no treatment, control (C) (n=31). The translucency parameter (ΔTP00) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer (n=15), phase transformation was assessed with an X-ray diffractometer (n=5), surface topography was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (n=3), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was tested with a universal testing machine (n=15). For the microshear bond strength (μSBS) test, 40 composite resin specimens were attached to 8 disks and tested with a universal testing machine; 20 specimens were tested after 24 hours, and 20 specimens after hydrothermal aging in a thermocycler (TC). The data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). Weibull analysis was performed for the flexural strength and μSBS results. RESULTS Significant ΔTP00 differences were found among all groups and were highest for the APA group (7.33) and lowest for the NTP group (4.79). The NTP group had a significantly higher monoclinic weight fraction value (4.54%) than other groups. The NTP group had significantly higher BFS (581.31) than other groups, while the APA group showed significantly lower values than other groups (340.43). The APA group had significantly higher μSBS values after 24 hours (13.51 MPa) and after TC (13.68 MPa) than the other groups (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Although APA and TS are effective techniques for improving resin-zirconia bonding, they result in significantly higher deterioration of translucency and strength. NTP significantly improved the BFS of zirconia; however, it showed lower bond strength values than other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Abdulrahman
- Graduate student, Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalia I Sherief
- Professor of Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia I El-Korashy
- Professor of Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Inokoshi M, Yoshihara K, Kakehata M, Yashiro H, Nagaoka N, Tonprasong W, Xu K, Minakuchi S. Preliminary Study on the Optimization of Femtosecond Laser Treatment on the Surface Morphology of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics and Highly Translucent Zirconia Ceramics. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103614. [PMID: 35629640 PMCID: PMC9143866 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
All-ceramic restorations have become increasingly popular in dentistry. Toward ensuring that these restorations adhere to the tooth structure, this study determines the optimal femtosecond laser (FL) treatment parameters for lithium disilicate glass-ceramics and highly translucent zirconia ceramics with respect to surface morphology. For both the ceramics, the following surface conditions were investigated: (1) as-sintered; (2) Al2O3 sandblasted; (3) FL treatment (dot pattern with line distances of 14, 20, and 40 µm); (4) FL treatment (crossed-line pattern with a line distance of 20 and 40 µm). Surface roughness parameters were estimated using a 3D confocal laser microscope; microstructures were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Peak fluence (Fpeak) values of 4 and 8 J/cm2 and irradiation numbers (N) of 20 and 10 shots were selected to create dot patterns in highly translucent zirconia and lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, respectively. Furthermore, Fpeak = 8 J/cm2 and N = 20 shots were chosen to obtain crossed-line patterns in both ceramics. Our results show that lithium disilicate glass-ceramics and highly translucent zirconia exhibit a similar surface morphology under each of the surface treatment conditions. Therefore, FL irradiation of dot or crossed-line patterns (at a distance of 20 and 40 µm) are potential candidates for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Inokoshi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.X.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Health and Medical Research Institute, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan;
- Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kakehata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan; (M.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hidehiko Yashiro
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan; (M.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.X.); (S.M.)
| | - Kaiqi Xu
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.X.); (S.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (W.T.); (K.X.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zandinejad A, Khanlar LN, Barmak AB, Tagami J, Revilla-León M. Surface Roughness and Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Additively Manufactured Zirconia with Different Porosities. J Prosthodont 2022; 31:97-104. [PMID: 35313023 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the bond strength of resin cement to additively manufactured (AM) zirconia with different porosities when compared to milled zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 12 × 5 mm disk virtual design file was used to fabricate a total of 48 disks divided into 4 groups: 3 groups were AM with different porosities including 0%-porosity (AMZ0 group), 20%-porosity (AMZ20 group), and 40%-porosity (AMZ40 group), and 1 milled zirconia (control or CNCZ group). The dimensions of all specimens were measured using a digital caliper. A 3D- confocal laser scanner was used to analyze surface morphology and measure the surface roughness (Sa), followed by SEM analysis. Tensile bond strength of composite resin cement to specimens was measured before and after aging procedures using a universal testing machine (n = 10). Failure modes were evaluated under a light microscope. Volumetric change data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA was used to compare bond strength values (α = 0.05). RESULTS There was a significant difference in volumetric changes among the groups. The CNCZ group showed the least changes in diameter 0.027 ± 0.029 mm and thickness 0.030 ± 0.012 mm and AM zirconia with 40% porosity showed the most volumetric changes in diameter 5.237 ± 0.023 mm. ANOVA test indicated an overall significant difference in surface roughness across all groups (F = 242.6, p < 0.001). The CNCZ group showed the highest mean Sa of 1.649 ± 0.240 µm, followed by AMZ40 group with Sa of 0.830 ± 0.063 µm, AMZ20 group with Sa of 0.780 ± 0.070 µm, and the AMZ0 group with Sa of 0.612 ± 0.063 µm. Two-way ANOVA showed significant difference in bond strength between the CNCZ group 12.109 ± 3.223 MPa and the AMZ0 group 8.629 ± 0.914 MPa, with significant pretest failures in specimens with porosities. Thermal cycling methods reduced the bond strength non-significantly in CNCZ group with no effect in the AMZ0 group. CONCLUSION Milled zirconia had a higher surface roughness and bond strength to composite resin cement than AM zirconia, and porosities in AM zirconia decreased the bond strength with significant pretest failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Zandinejad
- Department of comprehensive dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX
| | - Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdul Basir Barmak
- Department of comprehensive dentistry, EIOH Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of comprehensive dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of comprehensive dentistry, Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Badr Z, Culp L, Duqum I, Lim CH, Zhang Y, A. Sulaiman T. Survivability and fracture resistance of monolithic and multi‐yttria‐layered zirconia crowns as a function of yttria content: A mastication simulation study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:633-640. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Badr
- Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Lee Culp
- Sculpture Studios Cary North Carolina USA
| | - Ibrahim Duqum
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Chek Hai Lim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Taiseer A. Sulaiman
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Müller N, Al-Haj Husain N, Chen L, Özcan M. Adhesion of Different Resin Cements to Zirconia: Effect of Incremental versus Bulk Build Up, Use of Mould and Ageing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062186. [PMID: 35329640 PMCID: PMC8950668 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bonding to zirconia presents a great challenge, as the clinical guidelines for predictable adhesion are not sufficiently validated. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of various bonding methodologies of various resin cements on zirconia, using different aging protocols. Manufactured zirconia specimens (N = 300 and n = 20 per group) were randomly assigned to three luting protocols: 1—in mould incremental build up; 2—in mould incremental build up with mould removal; 3—in mould non-incremental bulk build up. Five dual, photo- and chemical-cure resin cements were used, namely, Variolink Esthetic (Ivoclar), Tetric (Ivoclar), Panavia (Kuraray), TheraCem (Bisco), and RelyX UniCem (3M ESPE), and were applied on primed zirconia using photopolymerization protocols. Thereafter, the specimens were subjected to the following three ageing methods: 1—dry; 2—thermocycling (×5000; 5−55 °C); 3—3−6 months of water storage. Using a universal testing machine, the specimens were loaded under shear, at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. An analysis of the data was performed using three-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni method. The moulding type, ageing and luting cement significantly affected the results (p < 0.05). Among all the protocols under dry conditions, TheraCem (16 ± 3; 11 ± 1; 16 ± 3) showed the best bond strength, while, after thermocycling, TheraCem (7 ± 2) and Tetric (7 ± 2) performed the best with Protocol 1. In Protocol 2, RelyX (7 ± 3) presented the highest result, followed by TheraCem (5 ± 3) and Tetric (5 ± 1) (p < 0.05). Using Protocol 3, RelyX (10 ± 6) showed the highest result, followed by TheraCem (7 ± 2) and Panavia21 (7 ± 2) (p < 0.05). Six months after water storage, TheraCem presented the highest result (10 ± 2) in Protocol 1, while, in Protocols 2 and 3, Tetric (10 ± 2; 15 ± 5) presented the highest result, followed by TheraCem (6 ± 2; 8 ± 3). Adhesion tests using the incremental or bulk method, using moulds, showed the highest results, but removing the mould, and the subsequent ageing, caused a decrease in the adhesion of the resin cements tested on zirconia, probably due to water absorption, with the exclusion of Tetric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Müller
- Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 22, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.M.); (N.A.-H.H.)
| | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 22, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.M.); (N.A.-H.H.)
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 22, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.M.); (N.A.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-6343251; Fax: +41-44-6344305
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Revolution of Current Dental Zirconia: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051699. [PMID: 35268800 PMCID: PMC8911694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the revolution of dental zirconia (Zir), including its types, properties, applications, and cementation procedures. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase was conducted. The search was limited to manuscripts published in English. The final search was conducted in October 2021. Newly developed monolithic Zir ceramics have substantially enhanced esthetics and translucency. However, this material must be further studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its long-term ability to maintain its exceptional properties. According to the literature, monolithic translucent Zir has had promising results and a high survival rate. Thus, the utilization of this material is indicated when strength and esthetics are needed. Both the materials and methods used for cementation of monolithic Zir have significantly improved, encouraging dentists to use this material, especially when a conservative approach is required. Zir restorations showed promising outcomes, particularly for monolithic Zir crowns supported with implant and fixed dental prostheses.
Collapse
|
45
|
Alegría-Acevedo LF, Gutiérrez MF, Perdigão J, Núñez A, Méndez-Bauer L, Dávila-Sanchez A, Reis A, Loguercio AD. In Vitro Performance of Different Universal Adhesive Systems on Several CAD/CAM Restorative Materials After Thermal Aging. Oper Dent 2022; 47:107-120. [PMID: 35226751 DOI: 10.2341/20-203-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the microshear bond strength (mSBS) of 10 universal adhesive systems applied on five different CAD/CAM restorative materials, immediately and after thermal aging. METHODS AND MATERIALS Five CAD/CAM materials were selected: 1) feldspathic glass ceramic (FeCe); 2) pre-polymerized reinforced resin composite (ReRC); 3) leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (LeGC); 4) lithium disilicate (LiDi); and 5) yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide (ZiDi). For each material, 15 blocks were cut into four rectangular sections (6 × 6 × 6 mm; n=60 per group) and processed as recommended by the respective manufacturer. For each indirect material, the following adhesive systems were applied according to the respective manufacturer's instructions: 1) AdheSE Universal [ADU]; 2) All-Bond Universal [ABU]; 3) Ambar Universal [AMB]; 4) Clearfil Universal Bond [CFU]; 5) Futurabond U [FBU]; 6) One Coat 7 Universal [OCU]; 7) Peak Universal Bond [PUB]; 8) Prime&Bond Elect [PBE]; 9) Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [SBU]; 10) Xeno Select [XEN, negative control]. After the application of the adhesive system, cylinder-shaped transparent matrices were filled with a dual-curing resin cement (NX3) and light cured. Specimens were tested in shear mode at 1.0 mm/ min (mSBS), after 24 hours and 10,000 thermal cycles (TC). All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS For FeCe, there was no significant decrease in mean mSBS for AMB, FBU, and SBU after TC when compared at 24 hours. For ReRC, AMB and SBU showed higher mean mSBS when compared to CFU and XEN, after 24 hours and TC. For LiDi, FBU and OCU showed higher mean mSBS when compared to CFU and XEN, after 24 hours and TC. For LeGC, AMB and PUB showed higher mean mSBS when compared to XEN, after 24 hours and TC. For ZiDi, OCU and SBU showed higher mean mSBS when compared to XEN, after 24 hours and TC. In addition, PBE and XEN showed the lowest mean mSBS after TC with higher percentage of bond strength reduction. CONCLUSIONS The mean mSBS among the different universal adhesives varied widely for each CAD/ CAM material used. In addition, most universal adhesives underwent a statistically significant bond strength reduction after TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L F Alegría-Acevedo
- Luisa F Alegria-Acevedo, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M F Gutiérrez
- Mario Felipe Gutiérrez, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile, and University of Chile, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Perdigão
- *Jorge Perdigão, DMD, MS, PhD, University of Minnesota, Department of Restorative Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Viseu, Portugal
| | - A Núñez
- Alejandra Núñez, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - L Méndez-Bauer
- Luján Méndez-Bauer, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, and Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Research, Cidad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - A Dávila-Sanchez
- Andrés Dávila-Sanchez, DDS, Ms, PhD, professor, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- Alessandro D Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bracket Bonding to All-Ceramic Materials with Universal Adhesives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031245. [PMID: 35161189 PMCID: PMC8839010 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The need for bracket bonding to ceramic restorations is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives on bracket adhesion to polished or glazed lithium disilicate (LDS) and monolithic zirconia (MZ) surfaces. One hundred and twenty brackets (N = 10) were bonded to either polished or glazed LDS (e.max CAD B32, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and MZ (In-Ceram® YZ, VITA, Bad Sackingen, Germany) blocks using three different adhesives combined with Transbond™ XT Paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). Tested universal adhesives were Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive (SU, 3M St. Paul, MN, USA) and Assure Plus (AP, Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA). Transbond™ XT Primer (XTP, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) served as a control adhesive. Bracket bond strength was measured in shear mode (SBS). Failure type was determined by the Modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Data were statistically analyzed. On polished LDS, SU yielded bracket SBS significantly superior to those of AP and XTP. On polished MZ, the use of SU and AP significantly enhanced bracket retention as compared with XTP. Low SBS values, below the threshold of clinical acceptability, were reached by all tested adhesives on glazed LDS and MZ specimens. SBS measurements corresponded with failure type observations. Universal adhesives SU and AP could be considered for use on polished LDS and MZ surfaces.
Collapse
|
47
|
Koko M, Takagaki T, Abd El-Sattar NEA, Tagami J, Abdou A. MDP Salts: A New Bonding Strategy for Zirconia. J Dent Res 2022; 101:769-776. [PMID: 35081830 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Durable resin-ceramic adhesion may influence the clinical success of ceramic restorations, which has been one of the challenging issues in dentistry. The present study assessed the bond strength and chemical interaction of 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), MDP+silane, and MDP-salt primers to alumina-blasted zirconia ceramic by tensile bond strength test, surface elemental composition with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, contact angle measurement, surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy, and surface topography with 3-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscope analyses. MDP-salt showed the highest tensile bond strength before and after thermocycling when compared with MDP and MDP+silane (P < 0.05). The measured contact angle values differed significantly (P < 0.001) in the order of MDP-salt > control (no chemical pretreatment) > MDP+silane > MDP. There was no difference in surface roughness (P = 0.317) and surface topography among all tested groups. Zirconia treated with MDP-salt showed phosphorus peaks in addition to zirconia and alumina peaks. MDP-salt has zirconia priming properties, which improves bonding performance to resin cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Koko
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Dental Medicine Mandalay, Chanmyathazi, Mandalay, Myanmar.,Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takagaki
- Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - N E A Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Abdou
- Division of Biomaterials, Prosthodontic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, South Sinai, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Alammar A, Blatz MB. The resin bond to high‐translucent zirconia—A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:117-135. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Alammar
- Sijam Medical Center, Private Practice Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus B. Blatz
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Arcila LVC, Ramos NDC, Campos TMB, Dapieve KS, Valandro LF, de Melo RM, Bottino MA. Mechanical behavior and microstructural characterization of different zirconia polycrystals in different thicknesses. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 13:385-395. [PMID: 35003554 PMCID: PMC8712112 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2021.13.6.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the microstructure of three yttria partially stabilized zirconia ceramics and to compare their hardness, indentation fracture resistance (IFR), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and fatigue flexural strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disc-shaped specimens were obtained from 3Y-TZP (Vita YZ HT), 4Y-PSZ (Vita YZ ST) and 5Y-PSZ (Vita YZ XT), following the ISO 6872/2015 guidelines for BFS testing (final dimensions of 12 mm in diameter, 0.7 and 1.2 ± 0.1 mm in thicknesses). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed, and mechanical properties were assessed by Vickers hardness, IFR, quasi-static BFS and fatigue tests. RESULTS All ceramics showed similar chemical compositions, but mainly differed in the amount of yttria, which was higher as the amount of cubic phase in the diffractogram (5Y-PSZ > 4Y-PSZ > 3Y-TZP). The 4Y- and 5Y-PSZ specimens showed surface defects under SEM, while 3Y-TZP exhibited greater grain uniformity on the surface. 5Y-PSZ and 3Y-TZP presented the highest hardness values, while 3Y-TZP was higher than 4Y- and 5Y-PSZ with regard to the IFR. The 5Y-PSZ specimen (0.7 and 1.2 mm) showed the worst mechanical performance (fatigue BFS and cycles until failure), while 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ presented statistically similar values, higher than 5Y-PSZ for both thicknesses (0.7 and 1.2 mm). Moreover, 3Y-TZP showed the highest (1.2 mm group) and the lowest (0.7 mm group) degradation percentage, and 5Y-PSZ had higher strength degradation than 4Y-PSZ group. CONCLUSION Despite the microstructural differences, 4Y-PSZ and 3Y-TZP had similar fatigue behavior regardless of thickness. 5Y-PSZ had the lowest mechanical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Viviana Calvache Arcila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José Dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Carvalho Ramos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José Dos Campos, Brazil.,College of Dentistry, University of Taubaté (Unitau), Taubaté, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- College of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José Dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José Dos Campos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Thammajaruk P, Buranadham S, Guazzato M, Swain MV. Influence of ceramic-coating techniques on composite-zirconia bonding: Strain energy release rate evaluation. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e31-e42. [PMID: 34996632 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare ceramic-coating techniques versus conventional techniques on bonding between composite cements and zirconia by means of strain energy release rate (Gc, J/m2). METHODS Two sizes of zirconia bars (30 mm × 8 mm × 1.5 mm and 14.8 mm × 8 mm × 1.5 mm) were fabricated. Two smaller bars were treated and cemented to the surface of a large bar using one of the following methods: (i) AlN-nano-structured alumina coating with RelyX Unicem 2; (ii) HOT-DCM hotbond coating with G-Multi Primer and G-Cem Linkforce; (iii) LiDi-lithium disilicate glass-ceramic coating with Monobond N Primer and Multilink Speed; (iv) COJ-tribochemical silica treatment with RelyX Ceramic Primer and RelyX Unicem 2; (v) GCEM-alumina grit blasting with G-Multi Primer and G-Cem LinkForce; (vi) MUL-alumina grit blasting with Multilink Speed; and (vii) PAN-alumina grit blasting with Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Panavia F2.0. A total of 30 bilayered specimens in each group were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and assigned to three subgroups (n = 10/test group): short-term test, thermocycling for 5000 cycles, and thermocycling for 10,000 cycles and tested in 4-point bending configuration. Results were analysed using two-way ANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell (α = 0.05). Failure mode and surfaces were analysed using optical microscopy and SEM. RESULTS The bonding (J/m2) of COJ and MUL groups was significantly higher than the other groups among all aging conditions. Thermocycling affected the bonding in COJ and GCEM groups. SIGNIFICANCE Surface pre-treatments and artificial aging affect the bonding between composite cements and zirconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putsadeeporn Thammajaruk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Supanee Buranadham
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Massimiliano Guazzato
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Michael V Swain
- AMME, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| |
Collapse
|