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Wu S, Zou Y, Tan X, Yang S, Chen T, Zhang J, Xu X, Wang F, Li W. The molecular mechanisms of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 and its relevance to kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373446. [PMID: 38711994 PMCID: PMC11070514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pin1 is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase subfamily and is widely expressed in various cell types and tissues. Alterations in Pin1 expression levels play pivotal roles in both physiological processes and multiple pathological conditions, especially in the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Herein, we present an overview of the role of Pin1 in the regulation of fibrosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. It plays a significant role in various kidney diseases including Renal I/R injury, chronic kidney disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. The representative therapeutic agent Juglone has emerged as a potential treatment for inhibiting Pin1 activity and mitigating kidney disease. Understanding the role of Pin1 in kidney diseases is expected to provide new insights into innovative therapeutic interventions and strategies. Consequently, this review delves into the molecular mechanisms of Pin1 and its relevance in kidney disease, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yurong Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tangting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Qiu C, Li Z, Leigh DA, Duan B, Stucky JE, Kim N, Xie G, Lu KP, Zhou XZ. The role of the Pin1- cis P-tau axis in the development and treatment of vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and preeclampsia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1343962. [PMID: 38628595 PMCID: PMC11019028 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1343962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by deposits of abnormal Tau protein in the brain. Conventional tauopathies are often defined by a limited number of Tau epitopes, notably neurofibrillary tangles, but emerging evidence suggests structural heterogeneity among tauopathies. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 isomerizes cis P-tau to inhibit the development of oligomers, tangles and neurodegeneration in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and preeclampsia (PE). Thus, cis P-tau has emerged as an early etiological driver, blood marker and therapeutic target for multiple neurodegenerative diseases, with clinical trials ongoing. The discovery of cis P-tau and other tau pathologies in VCID and PE calls attention for simplistic classification of tauopathy in neurodegenerative diseases. These recent advances have revealed the exciting novel role of the Pin1-cis P-tau axis in the development and treatment of vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Leigh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bingbing Duan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joseph E. Stucky
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nami Kim
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George Xie
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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3
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Fagiani F, Govoni S, Racchi M, Lanni C. The Peptidyl-prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Neuronal Signaling: from Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1062-1073. [PMID: 33083964 PMCID: PMC7878263 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is a unique enzyme catalyzing the isomerization of the peptide bond between phosphorylated serine-proline or threonine-proline motifs in proteins, thereby regulating a wide spectrum of protein functions, including folding, intracellular signaling, transcription, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Pin1 has been reported to act as a key molecular switch inducing cell-type-specific effects, critically depending on the different phosphorylation patterns of its targets within different biological contexts. While its implication in proliferating cells, and, in particular, in the field of cancer, has been widely characterized, less is known about Pin1 biological functions in terminally differentiated and post-mitotic neurons. Notably, Pin1 is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, where it regulates a variety of neuronal processes, including neuronal development, apoptosis, and synaptic activity. However, despite studies reporting the interaction of Pin1 with neuronal substrates or its involvement in specific signaling pathways, a more comprehensive understanding of its biological functions at neuronal level is still lacking. Besides its implication in physiological processes, a growing body of evidence suggests the crucial involvement of Pin1 in aging and age-related and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, frontotemporal dementias, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, where it mediates profoundly different effects, ranging from neuroprotective to neurotoxic. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of Pin1 neuronal functions may provide relevant information on the consequences of Pin1 deregulation in age-related and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, P.zza Vittoria, 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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4
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Jeong Y, Jung M, Kim MJ, Hwang CH. A 4-Nitroquinoleneoxide-Induced Pleurotus eryngii Mutant Variety Increases Pin1 Expression in Rat Brain. J Med Food 2017; 20:65-70. [PMID: 28098518 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop Pleurotus eryngii varieties with improved medicinal qualities, protoplasts of P. eryngii were mutagenized using 4-nitroquinoleneoxide. The effects of the resulting variant mushrooms on a human cell were evaluated by applying their aqueous extracts to the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, in vitro and examining any alteration in the proteomes of the treated HepG2. The P. eryngii mutant, NQ2A-12, was selected for its effects on increasing the expression level of Pin1 in HepG2. Pin1 is one of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases known to play an important role in repressing Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Validity of NQ2A-12 related to Alzheimer's disease was shown with an enhanced expression of Pin1 in a mouse brain tissue by injecting the NQ2A-12 extract. The mutant mushroom, NQ2A-12, could be developed as a new variety of P. eryngii with potential to protect against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhwa Jeong
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea.,2 Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutraceuticals, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mina Jung
- 3 Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Hwang
- 2 Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutraceuticals, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea.,3 Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
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Al-Hilaly YK, Biasetti L, Blakeman BJF, Pollack SJ, Zibaee S, Abdul-Sada A, Thorpe JR, Xue WF, Serpell LC. The involvement of dityrosine crosslinking in α-synuclein assembly and deposition in Lewy Bodies in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39171. [PMID: 27982082 PMCID: PMC5159849 DOI: 10.1038/srep39171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by intracellular, insoluble Lewy bodies composed of highly stable α-synuclein (α-syn) amyloid fibrils. α-synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein that has the capacity to assemble to form β-sheet rich fibrils. Oxidiative stress and metal rich environments have been implicated in triggering assembly. Here, we have explored the composition of Lewy bodies in post-mortem tissue using electron microscopy and immunogold labeling and revealed dityrosine crosslinks in Lewy bodies in brain tissue from PD patients. In vitro, we show that dityrosine cross-links in α-syn are formed by covalent ortho-ortho coupling of two tyrosine residues under conditions of oxidative stress by fluorescence and confirmed using mass-spectrometry. A covalently cross-linked dimer isolated by SDS-PAGE and mass analysis showed that dityrosine dimer was formed via the coupling of Y39-Y39 to give a homo dimer peptide that may play a key role in formation of oligomeric and seeds for fibril formation. Atomic force microscopy analysis reveals that the covalent dityrosine contributes to the stabilization of α-syn assemblies. Thus, the presence of oxidative stress induced dityrosine could play an important role in assembly and toxicity of α-syn in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra K Al-Hilaly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK.,College of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Luca Biasetti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Ben J F Blakeman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Saskia J Pollack
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Shahin Zibaee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MRC Centre, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 OQH, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Julian R Thorpe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Wei-Feng Xue
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and a major medical problem. Here, we have investigated the impact of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, AD-related neurotoxins, in the brains of rats and adult nonhuman primates (cynomolgus macaques). Soluble Aβ oligomers are known to accumulate in the brains of AD patients and correlate with disease-associated cognitive dysfunction. When injected into the lateral ventricle of rats and macaques, Aβ oligomers diffused into the brain and accumulated in several regions associated with memory and cognitive functions. Cardinal features of AD pathology, including synapse loss, tau hyperphosphorylation, astrocyte and microglial activation, were observed in regions of the macaque brain where Aβ oligomers were abundantly detected. Most importantly, oligomer injections induced AD-type neurofibrillary tangle formation in the macaque brain. These outcomes were specifically associated with Aβ oligomers, as fibrillar amyloid deposits were not detected in oligomer-injected brains. Human and macaque brains share significant similarities in terms of overall architecture and functional networks. Thus, generation of a macaque model of AD that links Aβ oligomers to tau and synaptic pathology has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of mechanisms centrally implicated in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, development of disease-modifying therapeutics for AD has been hampered by the difficulty in translating therapies that work in rodents to humans. This new approach may be a highly relevant nonhuman primate model for testing therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Dubinina EE, Schedrina LV, Neznanov NG, Zalutskaya NM, Zakharchenko DV. [Oxidative stress and its effect on cells functional activity of alzheimer's disease]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:57-69. [PMID: 25762599 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The paper summarizes literature data on the importance of oxidative stress as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. The paper describes the main specific and nonspecific ways of reactive oxygen species generation in the course of the disease development. The effect of reactive oxygen species generated by the functional activity of cells, i.e. apoptosis and mitotic cycle, is shown. The role of the regulatory system of nodal cells is performed by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process which is associated with intense phosphorylation of tau protein and mitosis-specific proteins. In Alzheimer's disease, the regulating function of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases in particular of Pin1 associated with maintaining a balanced state of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes is disturbed. Taking into consideration the multifactorial impairment of the cell cycle control, this process should be considered from the standpoint of the general state of metabolic processes, and oxidative stress has one of the key positions in aging.
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8
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Innes BT, Sowole MA, Gyenis L, Dubinsky M, Konermann L, Litchfield DW, Brandl CJ, Shilton BH. Peroxide-mediated oxidation and inhibition of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:905-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Chen CH, Li W, Sultana R, You MH, Kondo A, Shahpasand K, Kim BM, Luo ML, Nechama M, Lin YM, Yao Y, Lee TH, Zhou XZ, Swomley AM, Butterfield DA, Zhang Y, Lu KP. Pin1 cysteine-113 oxidation inhibits its catalytic activity and cellular function in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 76:13-23. [PMID: 25576397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique proline isomerase Pin1 is pivotal for protecting against age-dependent neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with its inhibition providing a molecular link between tangle and plaque pathologies. Pin1 is oxidatively modified in human AD brains, but little is known about its regulatory mechanisms and pathological significance of such Pin1 modification. In this paper, our determination of crystal structures of oxidized Pin1 reveals a series of Pin1 oxidative modifications on Cys113 in a sequential fashion. Cys113 oxidization is further confirmed by generating antibodies specifically recognizing oxidized Cys113 of Pin1. Furthermore, Pin1 oxidation on Cys113 inactivates its catalytic activity in vitro, and Ala point substitution of Cys113 inactivates the ability of Pin1 to isomerize tau as well as to promote protein turnover of tau and APP. Moreover, redox regulation affects Pin1 subcellular localization and Pin1-mediated neuronal survival in response to hypoxia treatment. Importantly, Cys113-oxidized Pin1 is significantly increased in human AD brain comparing to age-matched controls. These results not only identify a novel Pin1 oxidation site to be the critical catalytic residue Cys113, but also provide a novel oxidative regulation mechanism for inhibiting Pin1 activity in AD. These results suggest that preventing Pin1 oxidization might help to reduce the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hau Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenzong Li
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon You
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Asami Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Man-Li Luo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Morris Nechama
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yandan Yao
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron M Swomley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a laboratory to study dementia in the elderly. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:169203. [PMID: 24877062 PMCID: PMC4022117 DOI: 10.1155/2014/169203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The steady and dramatic increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the lack of effective treatments have stimulated the search for strategies to prevent or delay its onset and/or progression. Since the diagnosis of dementia requires a number of established features that are present when the disease is fully developed, but not always in the early stages, the need for a biological marker has proven to be urgent, in terms of both diagnosis and monitoring of AD. AD has been shown to affect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that are a critical component of the immune system which provide defence against infection. Although studies are continuously supplying additional data that emphasize the central role of inflammation in AD, PBMCs have not been sufficiently investigated in this context. Delineating biochemical alterations in AD blood constituents may prove valuable in identifying accessible footprints that reflect degenerative processes within the Central Nervous System (CNS). In this review, we address the role of biomarkers in AD with a focus on the notion that PBMCs may serve as a peripheral laboratory to find molecular signatures that could aid in differential diagnosis with other forms of dementia and in monitoring of disease progression.
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Al-Hilaly YK, Williams TL, Stewart-Parker M, Ford L, Skaria E, Cole M, Bucher WG, Morris KL, Sada AA, Thorpe JR, Serpell LC. A central role for dityrosine crosslinking of Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:83. [PMID: 24351276 PMCID: PMC3880074 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of insoluble amyloid plaques in the neuropil composed of highly stable, self-assembled Amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils. Copper has been implicated to play a role in Alzheimer's disease. Dimers of Aβ have been isolated from AD brain and have been shown to be neurotoxic. RESULTS We have investigated the formation of dityrosine cross-links in Aβ42 formed by covalent ortho-ortho coupling of two tyrosine residues under conditions of oxidative stress with elevated copper and shown that dityrosine can be formed in vitro in Aβ oligomers and fibrils and that these links further stabilize the fibrils. Dityrosine crosslinking was present in internalized Aβ in cell cultures treated with oligomeric Aβ42 using a specific antibody for dityrosine by immunogold labeling transmission electron microscopy. Results also revealed the prevalence of dityrosine crosslinks in amyloid plaques in brain tissue and in cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Aβ dimers may be stabilized by dityrosine crosslinking. These results indicate that dityrosine cross-links may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and can be generated by reactive oxygen species catalyzed by Cu2+ ions. The observation of increased Aβ and dityrosine in CSF from AD patients suggests that this could be used as a potential biomarker of oxidative stress in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra K Al-Hilaly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
- College of Sciences, Chemistry department, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Lenzie Ford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Eldhose Skaria
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Michael Cole
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | | | - Kyle L Morris
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
- Current address: School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul Sada
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Julian R Thorpe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK
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12
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Tau pathology modulates Pin1 post-translational modifications and may be relevant as biomarker. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:757-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins on serine or threonine residues preceding proline is a key signalling mechanism in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase) is the only enzyme known that can isomerise specific Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds after phosphorylation and regulate their conformational changes with high efficiency. These Pin1-catalysed conformational changes can have profound effects on phosphorylation signalling by regulating a spectrum of target activities. Interestingly, Pin1 deregulation is implicated in a number of diseases, notably ageing and age-related diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer disease. Pin1 is overexpressed in most human cancers; it activates numerous oncogenes or growth enhancers and also inactivates a large number of tumour suppressors or growth inhibitors. By contrast, ablation of Pin1 prevents cancer, but eventually leads to premature ageing and neurodegeneration. Consistent with its neuroprotective role, Pin1 has been shown to be inactivated in neurons of patients with Alzheimer disease. Therefore, Pin1-mediated phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerisation represents a unique signalling mechanism that has a pivotal role in the development of human diseases, and might offer an attractive new diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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14
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De Vos A, Anandhakumar J, Van den Brande J, Verduyckt M, Franssens V, Winderickx J, Swinnen E. Yeast as a model system to study tau biology. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:428970. [PMID: 21559193 PMCID: PMC3090044 DOI: 10.4061/2011/428970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated and aggregated human protein tau constitutes a hallmark of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, exemplified by Alzheimer's disease. In spite of an enormous amount of research performed on tau biology, several crucial questions concerning the mechanisms of tau toxicity remain unanswered. In this paper we will highlight some of the processes involved in tau biology and pathology, focusing on tau phosphorylation and the interplay with oxidative stress. In addition, we will introduce the development of a human tau-expressing yeast model, and discuss some crucial results obtained in this model, highlighting its potential in the elucidation of cellular processes leading to tau toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann De Vos
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jayamani Anandhakumar
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeff Van den Brande
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mathias Verduyckt
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Erwin Swinnen
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Gendron TF, Petrucelli L. The role of tau in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2009; 4:13. [PMID: 19284597 PMCID: PMC2663562 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of tau as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, and the discovery that mutations in the tau gene cause frontotemporal dementia, much effort has been directed towards determining how the aggregation of tau into fibrillar inclusions causes neuronal death. As evidence emerges that tau-mediated neuronal death can occur even in the absence of tangle formation, a growing number of studies are focusing on understanding how abnormalities in tau (e.g. aberrant phosphorylation, glycosylation or truncation) confer toxicity. Though data obtained from experimental models of tauopathies strongly support the involvement of pathologically modified tau and tau aggregates in neurodegeneration, the exact neurotoxic species remain unclear, as do the mechanism(s) by which they cause neuronal death. Nonetheless, it is believed that tau-mediated neurodegeneration is likely to result from a combination of toxic gains of function as well as from the loss of normal tau function. To truly appreciate the detrimental consequences of aberrant tau function, a better understanding of all functions carried out by tau, including but not limited to the role of tau in microtubule assembly and stabilization, is required. This review will summarize what is currently known regarding the involvement of tau in the initiation and development of neurodegeneration in tauopathies, and will also highlight some of the remaining questions in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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16
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Thorpe JR, Tang H, Atherton J, Cairns NJ. Fine structural analysis of the neuronal inclusions of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:1661-71. [PMID: 18974920 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-008-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a major component of the pathological inclusions of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy, also called FTLD with ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions (FTLD-U), and motor neuron disease (MND). TDP-43 is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and regulates gene expression and splicing. In FTLD with TDP-43 proteinopathy, neuronal inclusions present variably as cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs), dystrophic neurites (DNs), and intranuclear inclusions (NIIs), leading to a fourfold neuropathological classification correlating with genotype. There have been few fine structural studies of these inclusions. Thus, we undertook an immunoelectron microscopic study of FTLD with TDP-43 proteinopathy, including sporadic and familial cases with progranulin (GRN) mutation. TDP-43-immunoreactive inclusions comprised two components: granular and filamentous. Filament widths, expressed as mean (range) were: NCI, 9 nm (4-16 nm); DN, 10 nm (5-16 nm); NII, 18 nm (9-50 nm). Morphologically distinct inclusion components may reflect the process of TDP-43 aggregation and interaction with other proteins: determining these latter may contribute towards understanding the heterogeneous pathogenesis of FTLD with TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Thorpe
- The Sussex Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK.
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17
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Sergeant N, Bretteville A, Hamdane M, Caillet-Boudin ML, Grognet P, Bombois S, Blum D, Delacourte A, Pasquier F, Vanmechelen E, Schraen-Maschke S, Buée L. Biochemistry of Tau in Alzheimer's disease and related neurological disorders. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:207-24. [PMID: 18466052 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated Tau proteins belong to a family of factors that polymerize tubulin dimers and stabilize microtubules. Tau is strongly expressed in neurons, localized in the axon and is essential for neuronal plasticity and network. From the very beginning of Tau discovery, proteomics methods have been essential to the knowledge of Tau biochemistry and biology. In this review, we have summarized the main contributions of several proteomic methods in the understanding of Tau, including expression, post-translational modifications and structure, in both physiological and pathophysiological aspects. Finally, recent advances in proteomics technology are essential to develop further therapeutic targets and early predictive and discriminative diagnostic assays for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
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18
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. The prolyl isomerase PIN1: a pivotal new twist in phosphorylation signalling and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:904-16. [PMID: 17878917 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates many cellular processes by causing changes in protein conformation. The prolyl isomerase PIN1 has been identified as a regulator of phosphorylation signalling that catalyses the conversion of specific phosphorylated motifs between the two completely distinct conformations in a subset of proteins. PIN1 regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth-signal responses, cell-cycle progression, cellular stress responses, neuronal function and immune responses. In line with the diverse physiological roles of PIN1, it has also been linked to several diseases that include cancer, Alzheimer's disease and asthma, and thus it might represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Biology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, NRB1030, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Butterfield DA, Reed T, Newman SF, Sultana R. Roles of amyloid beta-peptide-associated oxidative stress and brain protein modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:658-77. [PMID: 17664130 PMCID: PMC2031860 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and ischemia, just to name a few. Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is recognized as the most common form of dementia. AD is histopathologically characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, the presence of oligomers of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), and synapse loss. In this review we discuss the role of Abeta in the pathogenesis of AD and also the use of redox proteomics to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in AD and mild cognitive impairment. In addition, redox proteomics studies in in vivo models of AD centered around human Abeta(1-42) are discussed.
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20
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Balastik M, Lim J, Pastorino L, Lu KP. Pin1 in Alzheimer's disease: multiple substrates, one regulatory mechanism? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2007; 1772:422-9. [PMID: 17317113 PMCID: PMC1868500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are two neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the molecular basis of their coexistence remains elusive. The neurofibrillary tangles are composed of microtubule binding protein Tau, whereas neuritic plaques consist of amyloid-beta peptides derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Recently, the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 has been identified to regulate the function of certain proteins after phosphorylation and to play an important role in cell cycle regulation and cancer development. New data indicate that Pin1 also regulates the function and processing of Tau and APP, respectively, and is important for protecting against age-dependent neurodegeneration. Furthermore, Pin1 is the only gene known so far that, when deleted in mice, can cause both Tau and Abeta-related pathologies in an age-dependent manner, resembling many aspects of human Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, in the human AD brain Pin1 is downregulated or inhibited by oxidative modifications and/or genetic changes. These results suggest that Pin1 deregulation may provide a link between formation of tangles and plaques in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Balastik
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Butterfield DA, Abdul HM, Opii W, Newman SF, Joshi G, Ansari MA, Sultana R. REVIEW: Pin1 in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2006; 98:1697-706. [PMID: 16945100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic processing and phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, have been shown to be increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, leading to increased production of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. These observations suggest that phosphorylation events are critical to the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this devastating disease. Pin-1, one of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIase), catalyzes the isomerization of the peptide bond between pSer/Thr-Pro in proteins, thereby regulating their biological functions which include protein assembly, folding, intracellular transport, intracellular signaling, transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. A number of previous studies have shown that Pin1 is co-localized with phosphorylated tau in AD brain, and shows an inverse relationship to the expression of tau. Pin1 protects neurons under in vitro conditions. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that APP is a target for Pin1 and thus, in Abeta production. Furthermore, Pin1 was found to be oxidatively modified and to have reduced activity in the hippocampus in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Because of the diverse functions of Pin1, and the discovery that this protein is one of the oxidized proteins common to both MCI and AD brain, the question arises as to whether Pin1 is one of the driving forces for the initiation or progression of AD pathogenesis, finally leading to neurodegeneration and neuronal apoptosis. In the present review, we discuss the role of Pin1 with respect to Alzheimer's disease.
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Hamdane M, Dourlen P, Bretteville A, Sambo AV, Ferreira S, Ando K, Kerdraon O, Bégard S, Geay L, Lippens G, Sergeant N, Delacourte A, Maurage CA, Galas MC, Buée L. Pin1 allows for differential Tau dephosphorylation in neuronal cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006; 32:155-60. [PMID: 16697218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary degeneration is likely to be related to abnormal Tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Among abnormal Tau phosphorylation sites, pThr231 is of particular interest since it is associated with early stages of Alzheimer's disease and is a binding site of Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase mainly involved in cell cycle regulation. In the present work, Pin1 level was found strongly increased during neuronal differentiation and tightly correlated with Tau dephosphorylation at Thr231. Likewise, we showed in cellular model that Pin1 allowed for specific Tau dephosphorylation at Thr231, whereas other phosphorylation sites were unchanged. Moreover, cells displaying Tau phosphorylation at Thr231 did not show any Pin1 nuclear depletion. Altogether, these data indicate that Pin1 has key function(s) in neuron and is at least involved in the regulation of Tau phosphorylation at relevant sites. Hence, Pin1 dysfunction, unlikely by nuclear depletion, may have critical consequences on Tau pathological aggregation and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Hamdane
- Inserm, U815, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique, F-59045 Lille, France
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Hashemzadeh-Bonehi L, Phillips RG, Cairns NJ, Mosaheb S, Thorpe JR. Pin1 protein associates with neuronal lipofuscin: potential consequences in age-related neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2006; 199:328-38. [PMID: 16480979 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 protein is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that modulates the activity of a range of proteins involved in cell function. We and others have demonstrated neuronal Pin1 deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have shown similar deficits in frontotemporal dementia and in aging. Pin1 may, in fact, be a susceptibility factor; others have shown that Pin1 depletion causes apoptosis in HeLa cells. Further, patterns of AD pathology correlate with regions of lower Pin1 expression in normal human brain; Pin1 knockout mice suffer neurodegeneration; and Pin1 can ameliorate p-tau pathology by isomerizing p-tau, facilitating its trans-specific dephosphorylation and restoring its ability to bind to and restabilize microtubules and thence cytoskeletal integrity. Here, we report a novel localization of high levels of Pin1 with lipofuscin in aging neurons. This association could progressively drain available Pin1 and be deleterious to neuronal function during aging. We also show that Pin1 associates with lipofuscin when lipofuscin accumulations become marked and correlate with susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease. Our data are consistent with the possibility that neuronal Pin1 deficits may be a contributory factor in neurodegeneration associated with aging.
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Cairns NJ, Grossman M, Arnold SE, Burn DJ, Jaros E, Perry RH, Duyckaerts C, Stankoff B, Pillon B, Skullerud K, Cruz-Sanchez FF, Bigio EH, Mackenzie IRA, Gearing M, Juncos JL, Glass JD, Yokoo H, Nakazato Y, Mosaheb S, Thorpe JR, Uryu K, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Clinical and neuropathologic variation in neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease. Neurology 2006; 63:1376-84. [PMID: 15505152 PMCID: PMC3516854 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000139809.16817.dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently described neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID) shows considerable clinical heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE To assess the spectrum of the clinical and neuropathological features in 10 NIFID cases. METHODS Retrospective chart and comprehensive neuropathological review of these NIFID cases was conducted. RESULTS The mean age at onset was 40.8 (range 23 to 56) years, mean disease duration was 4.5 (range 2.7 to 13) years, and mean age at death was 45.3 (range 28 to 61) years. The most common presenting symptoms were behavioral and personality changes in 7 of 10 cases and, less often, memory loss, cognitive impairment, language deficits, and motor weakness. Extrapyramidal features were present in 8 of 10 patients. Language impairment, perseveration, executive dysfunction, hyperreflexia, and primitive reflexes were frequent signs, whereas a minority had buccofacial apraxia, supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, upper motor neuron disease (MND), and limb dystonia. Frontotemporal and caudate atrophy were common. Histologic changes were extensive in many cortical areas, deep gray matter, cerebellum, and spinal cord. The hallmark lesions of NIFID were unique neuronal IF inclusions detected most robustly by antibodies to neurofilament triplet proteins and alpha-internexin. CONCLUSION NIFID is a neuropathologically distinct, clinically heterogeneous variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) that may include parkinsonism or MND. Neuronal IF inclusions are the neuropathological signatures of NIFID that distinguish it from all other FTD variants including FTD with MND and FTD tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Cairns
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Achim CL, Masliah E, Schindelar J, Avramut M. Immunophilin expression in the HIV-infected brain. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 157:126-32. [PMID: 15579289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunophilins (IP) are receptors for immunosuppressive drugs and also aid protein folding, assembly, and trafficking. This autopsy study analyses the levels of FKBP12 in the brain of patients with HIV encephalitis. We show that the expression of FKBP12 is increased in the deep gray matter and frontal cortex where it colocalizes with markers of pathology. Changes in FKBP12 levels may be linked to the abnormal protein folding and axonal transport that characterize the neurodegenerative process and could also explain the selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Achim
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
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26
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Thorpe JR, Mosaheb S, Hashemzadeh-Bonehi L, Cairns NJ, Kay JE, Morley SJ, Rulten SL. Shortfalls in the peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase protein Pin1 in neurons are associated with frontotemporal dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 17:237-49. [PMID: 15474361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 modulates the activity of a range of target proteins involved in the cell cycle, transcription, translation, endocytosis, and apoptosis by facilitating dephosphorylation of phosphorylated serine or threonine residue preceding a proline (p-Ser/Thr-Pro) motifs catalyzed by phosphatases specific for the trans conformations. Pin1 targets include the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau, whose dephosphorylation restores its ability to stabilize microtubules. We, and others, have shown that tau hyperphosphorylation in the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with redirection of the predominantly nuclear Pin1 to the cytoplasm and with Pin1 shortfalls throughout subcellular compartments. As nuclear Pin1 depletion causes apoptosis, shortfalls in regard to both nuclear and p-tau targets may contribute to neuronal dysfunction. We report here that similar Pin1 redistribution and shortfalls occur in frontotemporal dementias (FTDs) characterized by abnormal protein aggregates of tau and other cytoskeletal proteins. This may be a unifying, contributory factor towards neuronal death in these dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Thorpe
- Electron Microscope Division, The Sussex Centre for Advanced Microscopy, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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