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Lei T, Yang Z, Li H, Qin M, Gao H. Interactions between nanoparticles and pathological changes of vascular in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115219. [PMID: 38401847 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that vascular pathological changes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature occurs in the early course of AD, characterized by alterations in vascular morphology, diminished cerebral blood flow (CBF), impairment of the neurovascular unit (NVU), vasculature inflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Vascular dysfunction not only facilitates the influx of neurotoxic substances into the brain, triggering inflammation and immune responses but also hampers the efflux of toxic proteins such as Aβ from the brain, thereby contributing to neurodegenerative changes in AD. Furthermore, these vascular changes significantly impact drug delivery and distribution within the brain. Therefore, developing targeted delivery systems or therapeutic strategies based on vascular alterations may potentially represent a novel breakthrough in AD treatment. This review comprehensively examines various aspects of vascular alterations in AD and outlines the current interactions between nanoparticles and pathological changes of vascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zixiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Ababei DC, Bild V, Macadan I, Vasincu A, Rusu RN, Blaj M, Stanciu GD, Lefter RM, Bild W. Therapeutic Implications of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in Alzheimer's Dementia. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2290. [PMID: 37765259 PMCID: PMC10538010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) has attracted considerable interest beyond its traditional cardiovascular role due to emerging data indicating its potential involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD). This review investigates the therapeutic implications of RAS modulators, specifically focusing on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and renin inhibitors in AD. ACEIs, commonly used for hypertension, show promise in AD by reducing angiotensin (Ang) II levels. This reduction is significant as Ang II contributes to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, all implicated in AD pathogenesis. ARBs, known for vasodilation, exhibit neuroprotection by blocking Ang II receptors, improving cerebral blood flow and cognitive decline in AD models. Renin inhibitors offer a novel approach by targeting the initial RAS step, displaying anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that mitigate AD degeneration. Preclinical studies demonstrate RAS regulation's favorable impact on neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, cognitive function, and Aβ metabolism. Clinical trials on RAS modulators in AD are limited, but with promising results, ARBs being more effective that ACEIs in reducing cognitive decline. The varied roles of ACEIs, ARBs, and renin inhibitors in RAS modulation present a promising avenue for AD therapeutic intervention, requiring further research to potentially transform AD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.-M.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Mihaela Blaj
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Dumitrița Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu-Marian Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.-M.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Walther Bild
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.-M.L.); (W.B.)
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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3
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Ghalayini J, Boulianne GL. Deciphering mechanisms of action of ACE inhibitors in neurodegeneration using Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1166973. [PMID: 37113150 PMCID: PMC10126366 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1166973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no cure. Recently, several studies have reported a significant reduction in the incidence and progression of dementia among some patients receiving antihypertensive medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Why these drugs are beneficial in some AD patients and not others is unclear although it has been shown to be independent of their role in regulating blood pressure. Given the enormous and immediate potential of ACE-Is and ARBs for AD therapeutics it is imperative that we understand how they function. Recently, studies have shown that ACE-Is and ARBs, which target the renin angiotensin system in mammals, are also effective in suppressing neuronal cell death and memory defects in Drosophila models of AD despite the fact that this pathway is not conserved in flies. This suggests that the beneficial effects of these drugs may be mediated by distinct and as yet, identified mechanisms. Here, we discuss how the short lifespan and ease of genetic manipulations available in Drosophila provide us with a unique and unparalleled opportunity to rapidly identify the targets of ACE-Is and ARBs and evaluate their therapeutic effectiveness in robust models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Ghalayini
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgin Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle L. Boulianne
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgin Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gabrielle L. Boulianne,
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Lim JY, Kim W, Ha AW. The effect of curcumin on blood pressure and cognitive impairment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:192-205. [PMID: 37009141 PMCID: PMC10042717 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It is known that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain could regulate cognitive functions as well as blood pressure. Inhibition of RAS for the improvement of cognitive function may be a new strategy, but studies so far have mostly reported on the effects of RAS inhibition by drugs, and there is no research on cognitive improvement through RAS inhibition of food ingredients. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of curcumin on blood pressure and cognitive function and its related mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm). MATERIALS/METHODS Six-week-old SHR/Izm rats were divided into 5 groups: control group (CON), scopolamine group (SCO, drug for inducing cognitive deficits), positive control (SCO and tacrine [TAC]), curcumin 100 group (CUR100, SCO + Cur 100 mg/kg), and curcumin 200 group (CUR200, SCO + Cur 200 mg/kg). Changes in blood pressure, RAS, cholinergic system, and cognitive function were compared before and after cognitive impairment. RESULTS The SCO group showed increased blood pressure and significantly reduced cognitive function based on the y-maze and passive avoidance test. Curcumin treatments significantly improved blood pressure and cognitive function compared with the SCO group. In both the CUR100 and CUR200 groups, the mRNA expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor type1 (AT1), as well as the concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) in brain tissue were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and acetylcholine (ACh) content was significantly increased, compared with the SCO group. CONCLUSIONS The administration of curcumin improved blood pressure and cognitive function in SCO-induced hypertensive mice, indicating that the cholinergic system was improved by suppressing RAS and AT1 receptor expression and increasing the mAChR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Wookyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ae Wha Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Natural Nutraceuticals Industrialization Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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5
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Chen F, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ke Q, Cui L. The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer’s disease: mutual risks and mechanisms. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:40. [PMID: 36089575 PMCID: PMC9464468 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory dysfunction, while neurological presentations are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells primarily via attachment of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on cell membranes. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and prone to severe clinical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed some common risk factors for AD and COVID-19. An understanding of the association between COVID-19 and AD and the potential related mechanisms may lead to the development of novel approaches to treating both diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades the central nervous system (CNS) and then discuss the associations and potential shared key factors between COVID-19 and AD, with a focus on the ACE2 receptor, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, age, and neuroinflammation.
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Recent Advances in the Endogenous Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Drugs Acting on It. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9293553. [PMID: 34925551 PMCID: PMC8651430 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9293553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is the part of the endocrine system that plays a prime role in the control of essential hypertension. Since the discovery of brain RAS in the seventies, continuous efforts have been put by the scientific committee to explore it more. The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR). AGT acts as the precursor molecule for Ang peptides—I, II, III, and IV—while the enzymes such as prorenin, ACE, and aminopeptidases A and N synthesize it. AT1, AT2, AT4, and mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR) are found to be plentiful in the brain. The brain RAS system exhibits pleiotropic properties such as neuroprotection and cognition along with regulation of blood pressure, CVS homeostasis, thirst and salt appetite, stress, depression, alcohol addiction, and pain modulation. The molecules acting through RAS predominantly ARBs and ACEI are found to be effective in various ongoing and completed clinical trials related to cognition, memory, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and pain. The review summarizes the recent advances in the brain RAS system highlighting its significance in pathophysiology and treatment of the central nervous system-related disorders.
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Hatakeyama N, Unekawa M, Murata J, Tomita Y, Suzuki N, Nakahara J, Takuwa H, Kanno I, Matsui K, Tanaka KF, Masamoto K. Differential pial and penetrating arterial responses examined by optogenetic activation of astrocytes and neurons. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2676-2689. [PMID: 33899558 PMCID: PMC8504944 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A variety of brain cells participates in neurovascular coupling by transmitting and modulating vasoactive signals. The present study aimed to probe cell type-dependent cerebrovascular (i.e., pial and penetrating arterial) responses with optogenetics in the cortex of anesthetized mice. Two lines of the transgenic mice expressing a step function type of light-gated cation channel (channelrhodopsine-2; ChR2) in either cortical neurons (muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) or astrocytes (Mlc1-positive) were used in the experiments. Photo-activation of ChR2-expressing astrocytes resulted in a widespread increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF), extending to the nonstimulated periphery. In contrast, photo-activation of ChR2-expressing neurons led to a relatively localized increase in CBF. The differences in the spatial extent of the CBF responses are potentially explained by differences in the involvement of the vascular compartments. In vivo imaging of the cerebrovascular responses revealed that ChR2-expressing astrocyte activation led to the dilation of both pial and penetrating arteries, whereas ChR2-expressing neuron activation predominantly caused dilation of the penetrating arterioles. Pharmacological studies showed that cell type-specific signaling mechanisms participate in the optogenetically induced cerebrovascular responses. In conclusion, pial and penetrating arterial vasodilation were differentially evoked by ChR2-expressing astrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juri Murata
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tomita Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takuwa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ko Matsui
- Super-Network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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Brain Renin-Angiotensin System as Novel and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810139. [PMID: 34576302 PMCID: PMC8468637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cognition. While the brain RAS has been studied before in the context of hypertension, little is known about its role and regulation in relation to neuronal function and its modulation. Adequate blood flow to the brain as well as proper clearing of metabolic byproducts become crucial in the presence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). RAS inhibition (RASi) drugs that can cross into the central nervous system have yielded unclear results in improving cognition in AD patients. Consequently, only one RASi therapy is under consideration in clinical trials to modify AD. Moreover, the role of non-genetic factors such as hypercholesterolemia in the pathophysiology of AD remains largely uncharacterized, even when evidence exists that it can lead to alteration of the RAS and cognition in animal models. Here we revise the evidence for the function of the brain RAS in cognition and AD pathogenesis and summarize the evidence that links it to hypercholesterolemia and other risk factors. We review existent medications for RASi therapy and show research on novel drugs, including small molecules and nanodelivery strategies that can target the brain RAS with potential high specificity. We hope that further research into the brain RAS function and modulation will lead to innovative therapies that can finally improve AD neurodegeneration.
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9
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Nyul-Toth A, DelFavero J, Mukli P, Tarantini A, Ungvari A, Yabluchanskiy A, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Tarantini S. Early manifestation of gait alterations in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2021; 43:1947-1957. [PMID: 34160781 PMCID: PMC8492885 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong clinical evidence that multifaceted gait abnormalities may be manifested at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are related to cognitive decline, and can be used as an early biomarker to identify patients at risk of progressing to full-blown dementia. Despite their importance, gait abnormalities have not been investigated in mouse models of AD, which replicate important aspects of the human disease. The Tg2576 is frequently used in AD research to test therapeutic interventions targeting cellular mechanisms contributing to the genesis of AD. This transgenic mouse strain overexpresses a mutant form of the 695 amino acid isoform of human amyloid precursor protein with K670N and M671L mutations (APPK670/671L) linked to early-onset familial AD. Tg2576 mice exhibit impaired cognitive functions and increased cortical and hippocampal soluble β-amyloid levels starting from 5 months of age and increased insoluble β-amyloid levels and amyloid plaques that resemble senile plaques associated with human AD by 13 months of age. To demonstrate early manifestations of gait dysfunction in this relevant preclinical model, we characterized gait and motor performance in 10-month-old Tg2576 mice and age-matched littermate controls using the semi-automated, highly sensitive, Catwalk XT system. We found that Tg2576 mice at the pre-plaque stage exhibited significantly altered duty cycle and step patterns and decreased stride length and stride time. Base-of-support, stride time variability, stride length variability, cadence, phase dispersions and gait symmetry indices were unaltered. The presence of measurable early gait abnormalities during the pre-plaque stages of AD in this relevant preclinical mouse model has direct translational relevance and supports the view that longitudinal monitoring of gait performance could be used in addition to behavioral testing to evaluate progression of the disease and to assess treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nyul-Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jordan DelFavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amber Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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De Silva TM, Modrick ML, Grobe JL, Faraci FM. Activation of the Central Renin-Angiotensin System Causes Local Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. Stroke 2021; 52:2404-2413. [PMID: 34107734 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michael De Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.D.S., M.L.M., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology (T.M.D.S.), School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary L Modrick
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.D.S., M.L.M., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (J.L.G., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (J.L.G.), Cardiovascular Center, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.D.S., M.L.M., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (J.L.G., F.M.F.), Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
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11
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Law CSW, Yeong KY. Repurposing Antihypertensive Drugs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1716-1730. [PMID: 32164502 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200312114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affected millions of people worldwide. However, currently, there is no treatment to cure the disease. The AD drugs available in the market only manage the disease symptomatically and the effects are usually short-term. Thus, there is a need to look at alternatives AD therapies. This literature review aims to shed some light on the potential of repurposing antihypertensives to treat AD. Mid-life hypertension has not only been recognised as a risk factor for AD, but its relation with AD has also been well established. Hence, antihypertensives were postulated to be beneficial in managing AD. Four classes of antihypertensives, as well as their potential limitations and prospects in being utilised as AD therapeutics, were discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shing Wei Law
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Hosseini M, Salmani H, Baghcheghi Y. Losartan improved hippocampal long-term potentiation impairment induced by repeated LPS injection in rats. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14874. [PMID: 34042283 PMCID: PMC8157761 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been known as a common consequence of brain inflammation. Long-term potentiation (LTP), the generally accepted cellular mechanism for memory formation in the mammalian brain, has been shown to be suppressed by inflammation. Studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) through the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has a role in brain and peripheral immune system communication and brain inflammation. Here, the effect of AT1R blockade on hippocampal LTP in rats undergoing repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was investigated. Rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of LPS (250 μg kg-1 day-1 ) for seven days. Treatment with losartan (ip; 3 mg kg-1 day-1 ) was started 3 days before LPS injection and continued during the LPS injections. Rats were anesthetized, and field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) was recorded from the stratum radiatum of the CA1 area of the hippocampus in response to stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway. Results showed that LTP was suppressed in the LPS-injected rats as no significant differences were found in the fEPSP slope and amplitude before and after the LTP induction. AT1R blockade by losartan restored fEPSP to the control levels. These findings indicate that Ang II, through AT1R, has a role in LTP suppression induced by systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research CommitteeJiroft University of Medical SciencesJiroftIran
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13
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Nyúl-Tóth Á, Tarantini S, DelFavero J, Yan F, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Ahire C, Kiss T, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Farkas AE, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Tang Q, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Demonstration of age-related blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction in mice by longitudinal intravital two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1370-H1392. [PMID: 33543687 PMCID: PMC8260380 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of both vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent advances in geroscience research enable development of novel interventions to reverse age-related alterations of the cerebral microcirculation for prevention of VCID and AD. To facilitate this research, there is an urgent need for sensitive and easy-to-adapt imaging methods that enable longitudinal assessment of changes in BBB permeability and brain capillarization in aged mice and that could be used in vivo to evaluate treatment efficiency. To enable longitudinal assessment of changes in BBB permeability in aged mice equipped with a chronic cranial window, we adapted and optimized two different intravital two-photon imaging approaches. By assessing relative fluorescence changes over the baseline within a volume of brain tissue, after qualitative image subtraction of the brain microvasculature, we confirmed that, in 24-mo-old C57BL/6J mice, cumulative permeability of the microvessels to fluorescent tracers of different molecular masses (0.3 to 40 kDa) is significantly increased compared with that of 5-mo-old mice. Real-time recording of vessel cross-sections showed that apparent solute permeability of single microvessels is significantly increased in aged mice vs. young mice. Cortical capillary density, assessed both by intravital two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography was also decreased in aged mice vs. young mice. The presented methods have been optimized for longitudinal (over the period of 36 wk) in vivo assessment of cerebromicrovascular health in preclinical geroscience research.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Methods are presented for longitudinal detection of age-related increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and microvascular rarefaction in the mouse cerebral cortex by intravital two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan DelFavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Feng Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics and Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila E Farkas
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics and Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics and Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Ribeiro VT, de Souza LC, Simões E Silva AC. Renin-Angiotensin System and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology: From the Potential Interactions to Therapeutic Perspectives. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:484-511. [PMID: 31886744 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191230103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), apart from fluid homeostasis and Blood Pressure (BP) regulation, are being progressively unveiled, since the discoveries of RAS alternative axes and local RAS in different tissues, including the brain. Brain RAS is reported to interact with pathophysiological mechanisms of many neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Even though AD is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, its pathophysiology is far from elucidated. Currently, no treatment can halt the disease course. Successive failures of amyloid-targeting drugs have challenged the amyloid hypothesis and increased the interest in the inflammatory and vascular aspects of AD. RAS compounds, both centrally and peripherally, potentially interact with neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular regulation. This narrative review discusses the AD pathophysiology and its possible interaction with RAS, looking forward to potential therapeutic approaches. RAS molecules affect BP, cerebral blood flow, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Angiotensin (Ang) II, via angiotensin type 1 receptors may promote brain tissue damage, while Ang-(1-7) seems to elicit neuroprotection. Several studies dosed RAS molecules in AD patients' biological material, with heterogeneous results. The link between AD and clinical conditions related to classical RAS axis overactivation (hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease) supports the hypothesized role of this system in AD. Additionally, RAStargeting drugs as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) seem to exert beneficial effects on AD. Results of randomized controlled trials testing ACEi or ARBs in AD are awaited to elucidate whether AD-RAS interaction has implications on AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Teatini Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Ballard C, Aarsland D, Cummings J, O'Brien J, Mills R, Molinuevo JL, Fladby T, Williams G, Doherty P, Corbett A, Sultana J. Drug repositioning and repurposing for Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:661-673. [PMID: 32939050 PMCID: PMC8291993 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning and repurposing can enhance traditional drug development efforts and could accelerate the identification of new treatments for individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Transcriptional profiling offers a new and highly efficient approach to the identification of novel candidates for repositioning and repurposing. In the future, novel AD transcriptional signatures from cells isolated at early stages of disease, or from human neurons or microglia that carry mutations that increase the risk of AD, might be used as probes to identify additional candidate drugs. Phase II trials assessing repurposed agents must consider the best target population for a specific candidate therapy as well as the mechanism of action of the treatment. In this Review, we highlight promising compounds to prioritize for clinical trials in individuals with AD, and discuss the value of Delphi consensus methodology and evidence-based reviews to inform this prioritization process. We also describe emerging work, focusing on the potential value of transcript signatures as a cost-effective approach to the identification of novel candidates for repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- SESAM (Regional Center for Elderly Medicine and Interaction), University Hospital Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - John O'Brien
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger Mills
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Vincere Consulting, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth Williams
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pat Doherty
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet Sultana
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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16
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Milikovsky DZ, Ofer J, Senatorov VV, Friedman AR, Prager O, Sheintuch L, Elazari N, Veksler R, Zelig D, Weissberg I, Bar-Klein G, Swissa E, Hanael E, Ben-Arie G, Schefenbauer O, Kamintsky L, Saar-Ashkenazy R, Shelef I, Shamir MH, Goldberg I, Glik A, Benninger F, Kaufer D, Friedman A. Paroxysmal slow cortical activity in Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/521/eaaw8954. [PMID: 31801888 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that epileptic activity is frequent but often undiagnosed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has major therapeutic implications. Here, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) data from patients with AD and found an EEG signature of transient slowing of the cortical network that we termed paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs). The occurrence per minute of the PSWEs was correlated with level of cognitive impairment. Interictal (between seizures) PSWEs were also found in patients with epilepsy, localized to cortical regions displaying blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and in three rodent models with BBB pathology: aged mice, young 5x familial AD model, and status epilepticus-induced epilepsy in young rats. To investigate the potential causative role of BBB dysfunction in network modifications underlying PSWEs, we infused the serum protein albumin directly into the cerebral ventricles of naïve young rats. Infusion of albumin, but not artificial cerebrospinal fluid control, resulted in high incidence of PSWEs. Our results identify PSWEs as an EEG manifestation of nonconvulsive seizures in patients with AD and suggest BBB pathology as an underlying mechanism and as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Z Milikovsky
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jonathan Ofer
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Vladimir V Senatorov
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aaron R Friedman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ofer Prager
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Liron Sheintuch
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Netta Elazari
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ronel Veksler
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Daniel Zelig
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Itai Weissberg
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Guy Bar-Klein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Evyatar Swissa
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Erez Hanael
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gal Ben-Arie
- Department of Medical Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Osnat Schefenbauer
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lyna Kamintsky
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.,Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Medical Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Merav H Shamir
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilan Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Amir Glik
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.,Cognitive Neurology Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Felix Benninger
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. .,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
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17
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Xu F, Yu Y, Wang F, Sun W, Li P, Wu HF, Bian ZP, Chen XJ, Dong-Jie X. Analysis of gene expression profiling of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light-chains on cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3767-3777. [PMID: 32346441 PMCID: PMC7185198 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of different amyloidogenic light-chains (LCs) on cardiomyocytes, and demonstrate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways that participate in this process. Cultured cardiomyocytes were treated with recombinant κ LC peptide (AL-09) or with serum from a patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma (λ LC) with cardiac involvement. The 6xHis peptide or serum from healthy patients was used as peptide control or serum control, respectively. Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The DEGs were detected by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Changes in gene expression levels were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The cell viability in the AL-09 peptide-treated (0.2 mg/ml) and patient serum-treated (1:10 dilution) cardiomyocytes decreased to 42 and -72% of the corresponding control groups. The extent of cell apoptosis increased in AL-09-treated cardiomyocytes compared with the control group. RNA-Seq showed 256 DEGs co-existed in the two paired groups, including 127 upregulated and 88 downregulated genes. The KEGG pathways for upregulated expressed genes included the ‘TGF-β signaling pathway’, the ‘Hedgehog signaling pathway’, the ‘ErbB signaling pathway’ and ‘lysine degradation’. The higher mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) 4, Bmp6, prostaglandin G/H synthase (Ptgs)1, Ptgs2, epiregulin, Tgfa and procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 were confirmed. The KEGG pathways of downregulated expressed genes included genes involved with the ‘p53 signaling pathway’ and the ‘cell cycle’. The mRNA expression levels of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CCNB1IP1 showed significant downregulation in the AL-09 peptide group compared with those in the 6xHis peptide group. In conclusion, cardiomyocytes treated with amyloidogenic λ and κ LCs presented with decreased cell viability compared with controls. Cell apoptosis increased in κ LC-treated cells compared with controls. The gene expression profiles associated with transforming growth factor-β-bone morphogenetic protein, the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 signaling pathways, prostaglandins, collagen production, the p53 signaling pathway and the cell cycle were altered in light-chain-treated cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Fang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Bian
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xu Dong-Jie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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18
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Losartan modulates brain inflammation and improves mood disorders and memory impairment induced by innate immune activation: The role of PPAR-γ activation. Cytokine 2020; 125:154860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Yu Z, Ji H, Shen J, Kan R, Zhao W, Li J, Ding L, Liu J. Identification and molecular docking study of fish roe-derived peptides as potent BACE 1, AChE, and BChE inhibitors. Food Funct 2020; 11:6643-6651. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and beta-secretase 1 (BACE 1) play vital roles in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Huizhuo Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Juntong Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Ruotong Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130062
- P.R. China
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20
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TGFB1-Mediated Gliosis in Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cords Is Favored by the Regionalized Expression of HOXA5 and the Age-Dependent Decline in Androgen Receptor Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235934. [PMID: 31779094 PMCID: PMC6928867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a progressive form of the disease, spinal cord (SC) functions slowly deteriorate beyond age 40. We previously showed that in the SC of these patients, large areas of incomplete demyelination extend distance away from plaque borders and are characterized by a unique progliotic TGFB1 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1) genomic signature. Here, we attempted to determine whether region- and age-specific physiological parameters could promote the progression of SC periplaques in MS patients beyond age 40. An analysis of transcriptomics databases showed that, under physiological conditions, a set of 10 homeobox (HOX) genes are highly significantly overexpressed in the human SC as compared to distinct brain regions. Among these HOX genes, a survey of the human proteome showed that only HOXA5 encodes a protein which interacts with a member of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, namely SMAD1 (SMAD family member 1). Moreover, HOXA5 was previously found to promote the TGF-beta pathway. Interestingly, SMAD1 is also a protein partner of the androgen receptor (AR) and an unsupervised analysis of gene ontology terms indicates that the AR pathway antagonizes the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. Retrieval of promoter analysis data further confirmed that AR negatively regulates the transcription of several members of the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. On this basis, we propose that in progressive MS patients, the physiological SC overexpression of HOXA5 combined with the age-dependent decline in AR ligands may favor the slow progression of TGFB1-mediated gliosis. Potential therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Guo S, Som AT, Arai K, Lo EH. Effects of angiotensin-II on brain endothelial cell permeability via PPARalpha regulation of para- and trans-cellular pathways. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146353. [PMID: 31356784 PMCID: PMC6755037 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) is a key factor in hypertension, diabetes and aging, which are all primary risk factors for CNS disease. Furthermore, Ang-II may play under-appreciated roles in neurogenesis, angiogenesis and CNS remodeling. Therefore, any contemplated attempts for neurorestorative therapies in the CNS should consider the context of Ang-II signaling. Here, we investigate how Ang-II may regulate cerebral endothelial permeability, a key functional feature of the neurovascular unit. Exposure of human brain endothelial cell cultures to Ang-II increased its permeability to BSA-Alexa488 tracer. Immunocytochemistry and pulse-chase experiments suggested that both para-cellular as well as trans-cellular pathways were involved. Candesartan but not PD123319 blocked Ang-II permeability effects, suggesting that Ang-II effects may be mediated via type 1 receptor. Immunocytochemistry and western blots showed that Ang-II disrupted the membrane distributions of ZO-1 and VE-Cad, decreased total levels of JAM-A and Mfsd2a, and increased Cav1. These effects of Ang-II were accompanied by dephosphorylation of PPARalpha. Finally, Ang-II-induced increases in endothelial permeability were ameliorated by PPARalpha agonists. Taken together, these studies suggest that Ang-II may disrupt both para- and trans-cellular permeability in cerebral endothelium, and PPARalpha-related pathways may offer potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating these effects in cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States.
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22
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Csipo T, Mukli P, Lipecz A, Tarantini S, Bahadli D, Abdulhussein O, Owens C, Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Hand RA, Yabluchanska V, Sorond FA, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Assessment of age-related decline of neurovascular coupling responses by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in humans. GeroScience 2019; 41:495-509. [PMID: 31676966 PMCID: PMC6885078 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies provide strong evidence that age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). NVC is a critical homeostatic mechanism in the brain, responsible for adjustment of local cerebral blood flow to the energetic needs of the active neuronal tissue. Recent progress in geroscience has led to the identification of critical cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neurovascular aging, identifying these pathways as targets for intervention. In order to translate the preclinical findings to humans, there is a need to assess NVC in geriatric patients as an endpoint in clinical studies. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that enables the investigation of local changes in cerebral blood flow, quantifying task-related changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations. In the present overview, the basic principles of fNIRS are introduced and the application of this technique to assess NVC in older adults with implications for the design of studies on the mechanistic underpinnings of VCI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology / Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhay Bahadli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Osamah Abdulhussein
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cameron Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rachel A Hand
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Bon Secours, St. Francis Family Medicine Center, Midlothian, VA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Wanleenuwat P, Iwanowski P, Kozubski W. Alzheimer's dementia: pathogenesis and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline. Postgrad Med 2019; 131:415-422. [PMID: 31424301 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1657776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia manifesting as alterations in cognitive abilities, behavior, and deterioration in memory which is progressive, leading to gradual worsening of symptoms. Major pathological features of AD are accumulations of neuronal amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with early lesions appearing primarily in the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in memory and learning. Cardiovascular-related risk factors are believed to play a crucial role in disease development and the acceleration of cognitive deterioration by worsening cerebral perfusion, promoting disturbances in amyloid clearance. Current evidence supports hypertension, hypotension, heart failure, stroke and coronary artery diseases as potential factors playing a role in cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Although dementia due to cardiovascular deficits is more strongly linked to the development of vascular dementia, a stepwise decline in cognition, recent researches have also discovered its deleterious influence on AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaya Wanleenuwat
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Piotr Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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24
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Reho JJ, Guo DF, Morgan DA, Rahmouni K. Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific Disruption of the BBSome Causes Vascular Dysfunction. Hypertension 2019; 74:817-825. [PMID: 31422694 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The BBSome-a complex consisting of 8 Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins-is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes. Recently, the BBSome complex has emerged as an important regulator of cardiovascular function with implications for disease. In this study, we examined the role of the BBSome in vascular smooth muscle and its effects on the regulation of cardiovascular function. Smooth muscle-specific disruption of the BBSome through tamoxifen-inducible deletion of Bbs1 gene-a critical component of the BBSome complex-reduces relaxation and enhances contractility of vascular rings and increases aortic stiffness independent of changes in arterial blood pressure. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that smooth muscle Bbs1 gene deletion increases vascular angiotensinogen gene expression implicating the renin-angiotensin system in these altered cardiovascular responses. Additionally, we report that smooth muscle-specific Bbs1 knockout mice demonstrate enhanced ET-1 (endothelin-1)-induced contractility of mesenteric arteries-an effect reversed by blockade of the AT1 (angiotensin type 1 receptor) with losartan. These findings highlight the importance of the smooth muscle BBSome in the control of vascular function and arterial stiffness through modulation of renin-angiotensin system signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Reho
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.J.R., D.-F.G., D.A.M., K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.J.R., D.-F.G., D.A.M., K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Donald A Morgan
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.J.R., D.-F.G., D.A.M., K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.J.R., D.-F.G., D.A.M., K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine (K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Obesity Education and Research Initiative (K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (K.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA (K.R.)
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25
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Nair AR, Agbor LN, Mukohda M, Liu X, Hu C, Wu J, Sigmund CD. Interference With Endothelial PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor)-γ Causes Accelerated Cerebral Vascular Dysfunction in Response to Endogenous Renin-Angiotensin System Activation. Hypertension 2019; 72:1227-1235. [PMID: 30354810 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-salt diet is beneficial in salt-sensitive hypertension but may provoke cardiovascular risk in patients with heart failure, diabetes mellitus, or other cardiovascular abnormalities because of endogenous renin-angiotensin system activation. PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-γ is a transcription factor which promotes an antioxidant pathway in the endothelium. We studied transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutation in PPAR-γ selectively in the endothelium (E-V290M) to test the hypothesis that endothelial PPAR-γ plays a protective role in response to low salt-mediated renin-angiotensin system activation. Plasma renin and Ang II (angiotensin II) were significantly and equally increased in all mice fed low salt for 6 weeks. Vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was not affected in basilar artery from E-V290M at baseline but was significantly and selectively impaired in E-V290M after low salt. Unlike basilar artery, low salt was not sufficient to induce vascular dysfunction in carotid artery or aorta. Endothelial dysfunction in the basilar artery from E-V290M mice fed low salt was attenuated by scavengers of superoxide, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, or blockade of the Ang II AT1 (angiotensin type-1) receptor. Simultaneous AT1 and AT2 receptor blockade revealed that the restoration of endothelial function after AT1 receptor blockade was not a consequence of AT2 receptor activation. We conclude that interference with PPAR-γ in the endothelium produces endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation in response to low salt-mediated activation of the endogenous renin-angiotensin system, mediated at least in part, through AT1 receptor activation and perturbed redox homeostasis. Moreover, our data suggest that the cerebral circulation may be particularly sensitive to inhibition of PPAR-γ activity and renin-angiotensin system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand R Nair
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Larry N Agbor
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Masashi Mukohda
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Xuebo Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Chunyan Hu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Jing Wu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
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26
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Insights into the Potential Role of Mercury in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:511-533. [PMID: 30877448 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), which is a non-essential element, is considered a highly toxic pollutant for biological systems even when present at trace levels. Elevated Hg exposure with the growing release of atmospheric pollutant Hg and rising accumulations of mono-methylmercury (highly neurotoxic) in seafood products have increased its toxic potential for humans. This review aims to highlight the potential relationship between Hg exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on the existing literature in the field. Recent reports have hypothesized that Hg exposure could increase the potential risk of developing AD. Also, AD is known as a complex neurological disorder with increased amounts of both extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which may also be related to lifestyle and genetic variables. Research reports on AD and relationships between Hg and AD indicate that neurotransmitters such as serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate are dysregulated in patients with AD. Many researchers have suggested that AD patients should be evaluated for Hg exposure and toxicity. Some authors suggest further exploration of the Hg concentrations in AD patients. Dysfunctional signaling pathways in AD and Hg exposure appear to be interlinked with some driving factors such as arachidonic acid, homocysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, glucosamine glycans, glutathione, acetyl-L carnitine, melatonin, and HDL. This evidence suggests the need for a better understanding of the relationship between AD and Hg exposure, and potential mechanisms underlying the effects of Hg exposure on regional brain functions. Also, further studies evaluating brain functions are needed to explore the long-term effects of subclinical and untreated Hg toxicity on the brain function of AD patients.
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27
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Hu Y, Chen W, Wu L, Jiang L, Liang N, Tan L, Liang M, Tang N. TGF-β1 Restores Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer Model via the PI3K/Akt/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:142-149. [PMID: 30539409 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disturbances. Dysfunction of synaptic plasticity and decline in cognitive functions are the most prominent features of AD, but the mechanisms of pathogenesis have not been well elucidated. In this paper, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was found to be reduced in the hippocampus of AD mouse which was accompanied by impaired pine density, synaptic plasticity, and memory function. Hippocampal injection of TGF-β1 rescued the AD-induced memory function impairment. In addition, TGF-β1 ameliorated synaptic plasticity and increased synaptic plasticity-associated protein expression including Arc, NR2B, and PSD-95 in mouse model of AD. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Akt/Wnt/β-catenin pathway protein expression in the hippocampus was suppressed in a mouse model of AD and TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the phosphorylation Akt, GSK3β, and increased the nuclear β-catenin. These results indicate that TGF-β1activates PI3K/Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse model of AD, which is important for promoting synaptic plasticity related to memory function. More importantly, suppression of PI3K/Akt/Wnt/β-catenin pathway compromised the beneficial effects of TGFβ1 in Alzheimer's model. Hence, TGF-β1 shows protective effect on neurons, which might be through the PI3K/Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, serving as a potential target in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.,Scientific Laboratorial Centre Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingfei Jiang
- Graduate College of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ni Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Tan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Nong Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China. .,Scientific Laboratorial Centre Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.
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28
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Tarantini S, Yabluchanksiy A, Fülöp GA, Hertelendy P, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Kiss T, Bagwell JM, O'Connor D, Farkas E, Sorond F, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Pharmacologically induced impairment of neurovascular coupling responses alters gait coordination in mice. GeroScience 2017; 39:601-614. [PMID: 29243191 PMCID: PMC5745218 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is correlative evidence that impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, in addition to promoting cognitive impairment, is also associated with alterations in gait and development of falls in elderly people. CBF is adjusted to neuronal activity via neurovascular coupling (NVC) and this mechanism becomes progressively impaired with age. To establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between impaired NVC and gait abnormalities, we induced neurovascular uncoupling pharmacologically in young C57BL/6 mice by inhibiting the synthesis of vasodilator mediators involved in NVC. Treatment of mice with the epoxygenase inhibitor MSPPOH, the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, and the COX inhibitor indomethacin significantly decreased NVC mimicking the aging phenotype. Pharmacologically induced neurovascular uncoupling significantly decreased the dynamic gait parameter duty cycle, altered footfall patterns, and significantly increased phase dispersion, indicating impaired interlimb coordination. Impaired NVC also tended to increase gait variability. Thus, selective experimental disruption of NVC causes subclinical gait abnormalities, supporting the importance of CBF in both cognitive function and gait regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanksiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gábor A Fülöp
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Hertelendy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan M Bagwell
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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29
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Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Fülöp GA, Kiss T, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Galvan V, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Hypertension impairs neurovascular coupling and promotes microvascular injury: role in exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2017; 39:359-372. [PMID: 28853030 PMCID: PMC5636770 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension in the elderly substantially increases both the risk of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This review discusses the effects of hypertension on structural and functional integrity of cerebral microcirculation, including hypertension-induced alterations in neurovascular coupling responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in microvascular damage (capillary rarefaction, blood-brain barrier disruption), and the genesis of cerebral microhemorrhages and their potential role in exacerbation of cognitive decline associated with AD. Understanding and targeting the hypertension-induced cerebromicrovascular alterations that are involved in the onset and progression of AD and contribute to cognitive impairment are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in high-risk older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gábor A Fülöp
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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30
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Tarantini S, Fulop GA, Kiss T, Farkas E, Zölei-Szénási D, Galvan V, Toth P, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Demonstration of impaired neurovascular coupling responses in TG2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using functional laser speckle contrast imaging. GeroScience 2017; 39:465-473. [PMID: 28578467 PMCID: PMC5636768 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies indicates that cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including both vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) include impairment of neurovascular coupling responses/functional hyperemia ("neurovascular uncoupling"). Due to the growing interest in understanding and pharmacologically targeting pathophysiological mechanisms of VCID, there is an increasing need for sensitive, easy-to-establish methods to assess neurovascular coupling responses. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a technique that allows rapid and minimally invasive visualization of changes in regional cerebromicrovascular blood perfusion. This type of imaging technique combines high resolution and speed to provide great spatiotemporal accuracy to measure moment-to-moment changes in cerebral blood flow induced by neuronal activation. Here, we provide detailed protocols for the successful measurement in neurovascular coupling responses in anesthetized mice equipped with a thinned-skull cranial window using LSCI. This method can be used to evaluate the effects of anti-aging or anti-AD treatments on cerebromicrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Gabor A Fulop
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Zölei-Szénási
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Toth
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.
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Zakrocka I, Targowska-Duda KM, Wnorowski A, Kocki T, Jóźwiak K, Turski WA. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers Inhibit KAT II Activity in the Brain-Its Possible Clinical Applications. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:639-648. [PMID: 28733707 PMCID: PMC5602025 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are one of the most frequently recommended antihypertensive drugs. Apart from their activity towards the circulatory system, ARBs also penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display neuroprotective effects. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan produced by kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) in the brain. Antagonism towards all ionotropic glutamate (GLU) receptors is the main mechanism of KYNA action. An elevated brain level of KYNA is linked with memory impairment and psychotic symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of three ARBs: irbesartan, losartan, and telmisartan on KYNA production and KAT II activity in rat brain. The effect of ARBs on KYNA production was analyzed in rat brain cortical slices and on isolated KAT II enzyme. Irbesartan, losartan, and telmisartan decreased KYNA production and KAT II activity in a dose-dependent manner in rat brain cortex in vitro. Molecular docking suggested that the examined ARBs could bind to an active site of KAT II. In conclusion, ARBs decrease KYNA production in rat brain by direct inhibition of KAT II enzymatic activity. This novel mechanism of ARBs action may be advantageous in the treatment of cognitive impairment or the management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zakrocka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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