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Csonti K, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Végh AG. Breast adenocarcinoma cells adhere stronger to brain pericytes than to endothelial cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113751. [PMID: 38241889 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Most of the malignancies detected within the brain parenchyma are of metastatic origin. As the brain lacks classical lymphatic circulation, the primary way for metastasis relies on hematogenous routes. Dissemination of metastatic cells to the brain implies attachment to the luminal surface of brain endothelial cells, transmigration through the vessel wall, and adhesion to the brain surface of the vasculature. During this process, tumor cells must interact with brain endothelial cells and later on with pericytes. Physical interaction between tumor cells and brain vascular cells might be crucial in the successful extravasation of metastatic cells through blood vessels and later in their survival within the brain environment. Therefore, we applied single-cell force spectroscopy to investigate the nanoscale adhesive properties of living breast adenocarcinoma cells to brain endothelial cells and pericytes. We found target cell type-dependent adhesion characteristics, i.e. increased adhesion of the tumor cells to pericytes in comparison to endothelial cells, which underlines the existence of metastatic potential-related nanomechanical differences relying partly on membrane tether dynamics. Varying adhesion strength of the tumor cells to different cell types of brain vessels presumably reflects the transitory adhesion to endothelial cells before extravasation and the long-lasting strong interaction with pericytes during survival and proliferation in the brain. Our results highlight the importance of specific mechanical interactions between tumor cells and host cells during metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Csonti
- HUN-REN BRC, Szeged, Institute of Biophysics, Hungary; Doctoral School of Physics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Semilab Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Kinga Molnár
- HUN-REN BRC, Szeged, Institute of Biophysics, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- HUN-REN BRC, Szeged, Institute of Biophysics, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- HUN-REN BRC, Szeged, Institute of Biophysics, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Attila G Végh
- HUN-REN BRC, Szeged, Institute of Biophysics, Hungary.
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2
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Gulej R, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Ahire C, DelFavero J, Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Tarantini S, Benyo Z, Pacher P, Csik B, Yabluchanskiy A, Mukli P, Kuan-Celarier A, Krizbai IA, Campisi J, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Elimination of senescent cells by treatment with Navitoclax/ABT263 reverses whole brain irradiation-induced blood-brain barrier disruption in the mouse brain. GeroScience 2023; 45:2983-3002. [PMID: 37642933 PMCID: PMC10643778 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole brain irradiation (WBI), a commonly employed therapy for multiple brain metastases and as a prophylactic measure after cerebral metastasis resection, is associated with a progressive decline in neurocognitive function, significantly impacting the quality of life for approximately half of the surviving patients. Recent preclinical investigations have shed light on the multifaceted cerebrovascular injury mechanisms underlying this side effect of WBI. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that WBI induces endothelial senescence, contributing to chronic disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microvascular rarefaction. To accomplish this, we utilized transgenic p16-3MR mice, which enable the identification and selective elimination of senescent cells. These mice were subjected to a clinically relevant fractionated WBI protocol (5 Gy twice weekly for 4 weeks), and cranial windows were applied to both WBI-treated and control mice. Quantitative assessment of BBB permeability and capillary density was performed using two-photon microscopy at the 6-month post-irradiation time point. The presence of senescent microvascular endothelial cells was assessed by imaging flow cytometry, immunolabeling, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). WBI induced endothelial senescence, which associated with chronic BBB disruption and a trend for decreased microvascular density in the mouse cortex. In order to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between WBI-induced senescence and microvascular injury, senescent cells were selectively removed from animals subjected to WBI treatment using Navitoclax/ABT263, a well-known senolytic drug. This intervention was carried out at the 3-month post-WBI time point. In WBI-treated mice, Navitoclax/ABT263 effectively eliminated senescent endothelial cells, which was associated with decreased BBB permeability and a trend for increased cortical capillarization. Our findings provide additional preclinical evidence that senolytic treatment approaches may be developed for prevention of the side effects of WBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jordan DelFavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Graduate School, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Graduate School, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kuan-Celarier
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - István A Krizbai
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | | | - William E Sonntag
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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3
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Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Gherghiceanu M, Szőke É, Helyes Z. Editorial: Targeting Neuro-Immuno-Vascular Interactions in the Brain and the Periphery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893384. [PMID: 35559230 PMCID: PMC9086162 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Menyhárt Á, Frank R, Farkas AE, Süle Z, Varga VÉ, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Meiller A, Ivánkovits-Kiss O, Lemale CL, Szabó Í, Tóth R, Zölei-Szénási D, Woitzik J, Marinesco S, Krizbai IA, Bari F, Dreier JP, Farkas E. Malignant astrocyte swelling and impaired glutamate clearance drive the expansion of injurious spreading depolarization foci. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:584-599. [PMID: 34427145 PMCID: PMC8943616 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) indicate injury progression and predict worse clinical outcome in acute brain injury. We demonstrate in rodents that acute brain swelling upon cerebral ischemia impairs astroglial glutamate clearance and increases the tissue area invaded by SD. The cytotoxic extracellular glutamate accumulation (>15 µM) predisposes an extensive bulk of tissue (4-5 mm2) for a yet undescribed simultaneous depolarization (SiD). We confirm in rat brain slices exposed to osmotic stress that SiD is the pathological expansion of prior punctual SD foci (0.5-1 mm2), is associated with astrocyte swelling, and triggers oncotic neuron death. The blockade of astrocytic aquaporin-4 channels and Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporters, or volume-regulated anion channels mitigated slice edema, extracellular glutamate accumulation (<10 µM) and SiD occurrence. Reversal of slice swelling by hyperosmotic mannitol counteracted glutamate accumulation and prevented SiD. In contrast, inhibition of glial metabolism or inhibition of astrocyte glutamate transporters reproduced the SiD phenotype. Finally, we show in the rodent water intoxication model of cytotoxic edema that astrocyte swelling and altered astrocyte calcium waves are central in the evolution of SiD. We discuss our results in the light of evidence for SiD in the human cortex. Our results emphasize the need of preventive osmotherapy in acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Menyhárt
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Frank
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Süle
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória É Varga
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anne Meiller
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Orsolya Ivánkovits-Kiss
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Coline L Lemale
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Írisz Szabó
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Tóth
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Zölei-Szénási
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Johannes Woitzik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephane Marinesco
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - István A Krizbai
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eszter Farkas
- HCEMM-USZ Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged,Szeged, Hungary
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Molnár K, Nógrádi B, Kristóf R, Mészáros Á, Pajer K, Siklós L, Nógrádi A, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. Motoneuronal inflammasome activation triggers excessive neuroinflammation and impedes regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 35305649 PMCID: PMC8934511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injuries are accompanied by inflammatory reactions, over-activation of which may hinder recovery. Among pro-inflammatory pathways, inflammasomes are one of the most potent, leading to release of active IL-1β. Our aim was to understand how inflammasomes participate in central inflammatory reactions accompanying peripheral nerve injury. Methods After axotomy of the sciatic nerve, priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was examined in cells of the spinal cord. Regeneration of the nerve was evaluated after coaptation using sciatic functional index measurements and retrograde tracing. Results In the first 3 days after the injury, elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome were markedly upregulated in the L4–L5 segments of the spinal cord, followed by assembly of the inflammasome and secretion of active IL-1β. Although glial cells are traditionally viewed as initiators of neuroinflammation, in this acute phase of inflammation, inflammasome activation was found exclusively in affected motoneurons of the ventral horn in our model. This process was significantly inhibited by 5-BDBD, a P2X4 receptor inhibitor and MCC950, a potent NLRP3 inhibitor. Although at later time points the NLRP3 protein was upregulated in microglia too, no signs of inflammasome activation were detected in these cells. Inhibition of inflammasome activation in motoneurons in the first days after nerve injury hindered development of microgliosis in the spinal cord. Moreover, P2X4 or inflammasome inhibition in the acute phase significantly enhanced nerve regeneration on both the morphological and the functional levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that the central reaction initiated by sciatic nerve injury starts with inflammasome activation in motoneurons of the ventral horn, which triggers a complex inflammatory reaction and activation of microglia. Inhibition of neuronal inflammasome activation not only leads to a significant reduction of microgliosis, but has a beneficial effect on the recovery as well. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02427-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernát Nógrádi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Kristóf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Pajer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Siklós
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
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6
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Szabó Í, Varga VÉ, Dvorácskó S, Farkas AE, Körmöczi T, Berkecz R, Kecskés S, Menyhárt Á, Frank R, Hantosi D, Cozzi NV, Frecska E, Tömböly C, Krizbai IA, Bari F, Farkas E. N,N-Dimethyltryptamine attenuates spreading depolarization and restrains neurodegeneration by sigma-1 receptor activation in the ischemic rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108612. [PMID: 34023338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an endogenous ligand of sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs), acts against systemic hypoxia, but whether DMT may prevent cerebral ischemic injury is unexplored. Here global forebrain ischemia was created in anesthetized rats and aggravated with the induction of spreading depolarizations (SDs) and subsequent short hypoxia before reperfusion. Drugs (DMT, the selective Sig-1R agonist PRE-084, the Sig-1R antagonist NE-100, or the serotonin receptor antagonist asenapine) were administered intravenously alone or in combination while physiological variables and local field potential from the cerebral cortex was recorded. Neuroprotection and the cellular localization of Sig-1R were evaluated with immunocytochemistry. Plasma and brain DMT content was measured by 2D-LC-HRMS/MS. The affinity of drugs for cerebral Sig-1R was evaluated with a radioligand binding assay. Both DMT and PRE-084 mitigated SDs, counteracted with NE-100. Further, DMT attenuated SD when co-administered with asenapine, compared to asenapine alone. DMT reduced the number of apoptotic and ferroptotic cells and supported astrocyte survival. The binding affinity of DMT to Sig-1R matched previously reported values. Sig-1Rs were associated with the perinuclear cytoplasm of neurons, astrocytes and microglia, and with glial processes. According to these data, DMT may be considered as adjuvant pharmacological therapy in the management of acute cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Írisz Szabó
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Viktória É Varga
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 8, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Tímea Körmöczi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 8, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Somogyi U 4, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 8, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Somogyi U 4, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Kecskés
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Menyhárt
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Rita Frank
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Hantosi
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Nicholas V Cozzi
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Alexander Shulgin Research Institute, 1483 Shulgin Road, Lafayette, CA, 94549, USA.
| | - Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 94, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - István A Krizbai
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, UVVG, 94 Bulevardul Revoluției, Arad, 310025, Romania.
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged; Korányi Fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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7
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Figueira I, Godinho-Pereira J, Galego S, Maia J, Haskó J, Molnár K, Malhó R, Costa-Silva B, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Brito MA. MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinctive Biomarkers of Precocious and Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5214. [PMID: 34069135 PMCID: PMC8155987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer presents higher mortality and poorer survival rates than other breast cancer (BC) types, due to the proneness to brain metastases formation, which are usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of BC brain metastases (BCBM) biomarkers appears pivotal for a timely intervention. With this work, we aimed to disclose microRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the circulation as biomarkers of BCBM formation. Using a BCBM animal model, we analyzed EVs in plasma by nanoparticle tracking analysis and ascertained their blood-brain barrier (BBB) origin by flow cytometry. We further evaluated circulating miRNAs by RT-qPCR and their brain expression by in situ hybridization. In parallel, a cellular model of BCBM formation, combining triple negative BC cells and BBB endothelial cells, was used to differentiate the origin of biomarkers. Established metastases were associated with an increased content of circulating EVs, particularly of BBB origin. Interestingly, deregulated miRNAs in the circulation were observed prior to BCBM detection, and their brain origin was suggested by matching alterations in brain parenchyma. In vitro studies indicated that miR-194-5p and miR-205-5p are expressed and released by BC cells, endothelial cells and during their interaction. These results highlight miRNAs and EVs as biomarkers of BCBM in early and advanced stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
- Farm-ID—Associação da Faculdade de Farmácia para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Godinho-Pereira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Galego
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Joana Maia
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (B.C.-S.)
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - János Haskó
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Rui Malhó
- BioISI, BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (B.C.-S.)
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Biophysics, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.F.); (J.G.-P.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Fazakas C, Kozma M, Molnár K, Kincses A, Dér A, Fejér A, Horváth B, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Végh AG. Breast adenocarcinoma-derived exosomes lower first-contact de-adhesion strength of adenocarcinoma cells to brain endothelial layer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111810. [PMID: 33965749 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite of advances in modern therapeutics, one of the most feared complications of cancer are brain metastases, which often cause life impairing profound neurological symptoms and premature death. Breast adenocarcinoma is among the leading "sources" of brain metastases. Since the central nervous system lacks a classical lymphatic circulation, invading metastatic cells can reach the brain parenchyma only through haematogenous routes and must breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The key step before the transmigration of metastatic cells through the highly regulated interface of the BBB is the establishment of firm adhesion between the tumor cell and the cerebral endothelial layer. Using atomic force microscopy, as a high resolution force spectrograph, direct measurements of intercellular interactions was performed between living adenocarcinoma cells and a confluent endothelial layer pre-treated with carcinoma cell-derived exosomes. By immobilization of a living adenocarcinoma cell to an atomic force microscope's cantilever, intercellular de-adhesions were directly measured by single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) at quasi-physiological conditions. De-adhesion dynamics and strength was characterized by several different calculated parameters, involving aspects of both membrane and cell surface related factors. Our results indicate that de-adhesion strength was lower in case of exosome pre-treated endothelial cells as compared to non-treated controls. Breast adenocarcinoma-derived exosomes have direct effect on de-adhesion pattern of brain endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Fejér
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Horváth
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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9
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Nyúl-Tóth Á, Tarantini S, DelFavero J, Yan F, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Ahire C, Kiss T, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Farkas AE, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Tang Q, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Demonstration of age-related blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction in mice by longitudinal intravital two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1370-H1392. [PMID: 33543687 PMCID: PMC8260380 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction contribute importantly to the pathogenesis of both vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent advances in geroscience research enable development of novel interventions to reverse age-related alterations of the cerebral microcirculation for prevention of VCID and AD. To facilitate this research, there is an urgent need for sensitive and easy-to-adapt imaging methods that enable longitudinal assessment of changes in BBB permeability and brain capillarization in aged mice and that could be used in vivo to evaluate treatment efficiency. To enable longitudinal assessment of changes in BBB permeability in aged mice equipped with a chronic cranial window, we adapted and optimized two different intravital two-photon imaging approaches. By assessing relative fluorescence changes over the baseline within a volume of brain tissue, after qualitative image subtraction of the brain microvasculature, we confirmed that, in 24-mo-old C57BL/6J mice, cumulative permeability of the microvessels to fluorescent tracers of different molecular masses (0.3 to 40 kDa) is significantly increased compared with that of 5-mo-old mice. Real-time recording of vessel cross-sections showed that apparent solute permeability of single microvessels is significantly increased in aged mice vs. young mice. Cortical capillary density, assessed both by intravital two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography was also decreased in aged mice vs. young mice. The presented methods have been optimized for longitudinal (over the period of 36 wk) in vivo assessment of cerebromicrovascular health in preclinical geroscience research.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Methods are presented for longitudinal detection of age-related increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and microvascular rarefaction in the mouse cerebral cortex by intravital two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan DelFavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Feng Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics and Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila E Farkas
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics and Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center For Geroscience and Healthy Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics and Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Tóth R, Farkas AE, Krizbai IA, Makra P, Bari F, Farkas E, Menyhárt Á. Astrocyte Ca 2+ Waves and Subsequent Non-Synchronized Ca 2+ Oscillations Coincide with Arteriole Diameter Changes in Response to Spreading Depolarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073442. [PMID: 33810538 PMCID: PMC8037646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD) is a wave of mass depolarization that causes profound perfusion changes in acute cerebrovascular diseases. Although the astrocyte response is secondary to the neuronal depolarization with SD, it remains to be explored how glial activity is altered after the passage of SD. Here, we describe post-SD high frequency astrocyte Ca2+ oscillations in the mouse somatosensory cortex. The intracellular Ca2+ changes of SR101 labeled astrocytes and the SD-related arteriole diameter variations were simultaneously visualized by multiphoton microscopy in anesthetized mice. Post-SD astrocyte Ca2+ oscillations were identified as Ca2+ events non-synchronized among astrocytes in the field of view. Ca2+ oscillations occurred minutes after the Ca2+ wave of SD. Furthermore, fewer astrocytes were involved in Ca2+ oscillations at a given time, compared to Ca2+ waves, engaging all astrocytes in the field of view simultaneously. Finally, our data confirm that astrocyte Ca2+ waves coincide with arteriolar constriction, while post-SD Ca2+ oscillations occur with the peak of the SD-related vasodilation. This is the first in vivo study to present the post-SD astrocyte Ca2+ oscillations. Our results provide novel insight into the spatio-temporal correlation between glial reactivity and cerebral arteriole diameter changes behind the SD wavefront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Tóth
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.T.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Attila E. Farkas
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.E.F.); (I.A.K.)
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.E.F.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University, Revolutiei Blvd no. 94, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Péter Makra
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.T.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.T.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.T.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (Á.M.); Tel.: +36-62-545-971 (E.F.); +36-62-545-364 (Á.M.)
| | - Ákos Menyhárt
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.T.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (Á.M.); Tel.: +36-62-545-971 (E.F.); +36-62-545-364 (Á.M.)
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11
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Nógrádi B, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Molnár K, Patai R, Siklós L, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. Upregulation of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-, LRR- and Pyrin Domain-Containing Protein 3 in Motoneurons Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584184. [PMID: 33328988 PMCID: PMC7732612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal injuries are accompanied by release and accumulation of damage-associated molecules, which in turn may contribute to activation of the immune system. Since a wide range of danger signals (including endogenous ones) are detected by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) pattern recognition receptor, we hypothesized that NLRP3 may become activated in response to motor neuron injury. Here we show that peripheral injury of the oculomotor and the hypoglossal nerves results in upregulation of NLRP3 in corresponding motor nuclei in the brainstem of mice. Although basal expression of NLRP3 was observed in microglia, astroglia and neurons as well, its upregulation and co-localization with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain, suggesting inflammasome activation, was only detected in neurons. Consequently, increased production of active pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 were detected after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. Injury-sensitive hypoglossal neurons responded with a more pronounced NLRP3 upregulation than injury-resistant motor neurons of the oculomotor nucleus. We further demonstrated that the mitochondrial protector diazoxide was able to reduce NLRP3 upregulation in a post-operative treatment paradigm. Our results indicate that NLRP3 is activated in motoneurons following acute nerve injury. Blockade of NLRP3 activation might contribute to the previously observed anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of diazoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernát Nógrádi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientists Academy, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Siklós
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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12
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Stefkó D, Kúsz N, Barta A, Kele Z, Bakacsy L, Szepesi Á, Fazakas C, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Hohmann J, Vasas A. Gerardiins A-L and Structurally Related Phenanthrenes from the Halophyte Plant Juncus gerardii and Their Cytotoxicity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3058-3068. [PMID: 33054206 PMCID: PMC7660940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species in the Juncaceae accumulate different types of secondary metabolites, among them phenanthrenes and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes in substantial amounts. These compounds have chemotaxonomic significance and also possess interesting pharmacological activities. The present study has focused on the isolation, structure determination, and pharmacological investigation of phenanthrenes from Juncus gerardii. Twenty-six compounds, including 23 phenanthrenes, have been isolated from a methanol extract of this plant. Twelve compounds, the phenanthrenes gerardiins A-L (1-12), were obtained as new natural products. Eleven phenanthrenes [effusol (13), dehydroeffusol (14), effususin A (15), compressin A, 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1-methyl-5-vinyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, juncusol, 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-vinyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 2,7-dihydroxy-5-formyl-1-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, effususol A, 2,7-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, and jinflexin C], 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-feruloyl-glycerol, and the flavones apigenin and luteolin were isolated for the first time from this plant. The cytotoxicity of the 23 isolated phenanthrenes in both mouse (4T1) and human (MDA-MB-231) triple-negative breast cancer cells and in a nontumor (D3, human cerebral microvascular endothelial) cell line was tested using an MTT viability assay. The results obtained showed that the dimeric compounds gerardiins I (9), J (10), K (11), and L (12), derived biogenetically from effusol and dehydroeffusol, were cytotoxic to both tumor and nontumor cell lines, while the monomeric compounds exerted no or very low cytotoxicity. Impedance measurements were consistent with the results of the MTT assays performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Stefkó
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Barta
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bakacsy
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szepesi
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute
of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western
University of Arad, RO-310414 Arad, Romania
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute
of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western
University of Arad, RO-310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary
Centre of Natural Products, University of
Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vasas
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Sereno M, Videira M, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Brito MA. miRNAs in Health and Disease: A Focus on the Breast Cancer Metastatic Cascade towards the Brain. Cells 2020; 9:E1790. [PMID: 32731349 PMCID: PMC7463742 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that mainly act by binding to target genes to regulate their expression. Due to the multitude of genes regulated by miRNAs they have been subject of extensive research in the past few years. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the current knowledge about miRNAs and illustrates their role as powerful regulators of physiological processes. Moreover, it highlights their aberrant expression in disease, including specific cancer types and the differential hosting-metastases preferences that influence several steps of tumorigenesis. Considering the incidence of breast cancer and that the metastatic disease is presently the major cause of death in women, emphasis is put in the role of miRNAs in breast cancer and in the regulation of the different steps of the metastatic cascade. Furthermore, we depict their involvement in the cascade of events underlying breast cancer brain metastasis formation and development. Collectively, this review shall contribute to a better understanding of the uniqueness of the biologic roles of miRNAs in these processes, to the awareness of miRNAs as new and reliable biomarkers and/or of therapeutic targets, which can change the landscape of a poor prognosis and low survival rates condition of advanced breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sereno
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania, Str. Liviu Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.W.); (I.A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania, Str. Liviu Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Mészáros Á, Molnár K, Nógrádi B, Hernádi Z, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. Neurovascular Inflammaging in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071614. [PMID: 32635451 PMCID: PMC7407516 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade sterile inflammation dubbed as inflammaging, which in part originates from accumulating cellular debris. These, acting as danger signals with many intrinsic factors such as cytokines, are sensed by a network of pattern recognition receptors and other cognate receptors, leading to the activation of inflammasomes. Due to the inflammasome activity-dependent increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β, IL-18), inflammation is initiated, resulting in tissue injury in various organs, the brain and the spinal cord included. Similarly, in age-related diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), inflammasome activation is a prominent moment, in which cells of the neurovascular unit occupy a significant position. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory changes in normal aging and summarize the current knowledge on the role of inflammasomes and contributing mechanisms in common CNS diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke, all of which occur more frequently with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernát Nógrádi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientists Academy, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hernádi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientists Academy, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.M.); (K.M.); (B.N.); (Z.H.); (Á.N.-T.); (I.W.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-599-794
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15
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Molnár K, Mészáros Á, Fazakas C, Kozma M, Győri F, Reisz Z, Tiszlavicz L, Farkas AE, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Haskó J, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I. Pericyte-secreted IGF2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis formation. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2040-2057. [PMID: 32534480 PMCID: PMC7463359 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are life-threatening complications of triple-negative breast cancer, melanoma, and a few other tumor types. Poor outcome of cerebral secondary tumors largely depends on the microenvironment formed by cells of the neurovascular unit, among which pericytes are the least characterized. By using in vivo and in vitro techniques and human samples, here we show that pericytes play crucial role in the development of metastatic brain tumors by directly influencing key steps of the development of the disease. Brain pericytes had a prompt chemoattractant effect on breast cancer cells and established direct contacts with them. By secreting high amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, pericytes enhanced adhesion of both melanoma and triple-negative cancer cells, which might be particularly important in the exclusive perivascular growth of these tumor cells. In addition, pericytes secreted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), which had a very significant pro-proliferative effect on mammary carcinoma, but not on melanoma cells. By inhibiting IGF2 signaling using silencing or picropodophyllin (PPP), we could block the proliferation-increasing effect of pericytes on breast cancer cells. Administration of PPP (a blood-brain barrier-permeable substance) significantly decreased the size of brain tumors in mice inoculated with triple-negative breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that brain pericytes have significant pro-metastatic features, especially in breast cancer. Our study underlines the importance of targeting pericytes and the IGF axis as potential strategies in brain metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Győri
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Reisz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Attila E Farkas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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16
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Sereno M, Haskó J, Molnár K, Medina SJ, Reisz Z, Malhó R, Videira M, Tiszlavicz L, Booth SA, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Brito MA. Downregulation of circulating miR 802-5p and miR 194-5p and upregulation of brain MEF2C along breast cancer brain metastasization. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:520-538. [PMID: 31930767 PMCID: PMC7053247 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) have been underinvestigated despite their high incidence and poor outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), and particularly circulating miRNAs, regulate multiple cellular functions, and their deregulation has been reported in different types of cancer and metastasis. However, their signature in plasma along brain metastasis development and their relevant targets remain undetermined. Here, we used a mouse model of BCBM and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to establish the alterations in circulating miRNAs during brain metastasis formation and development. We further performed bioinformatics analysis to identify their targets with relevance in the metastatic process. We additionally analyzed human resected brain metastasis samples of breast cancer patients for target expression validation. Breast cancer cells were injected in the carotid artery of mice to preferentially induce metastasis in the brain, and samples were collected at different timepoints (5 h, 3, 7, and 10 days) to follow metastasis development in the brain and in peripheral organs. Metastases were detected from 7 days onwards, mainly in the brain. NGS revealed a deregulation of circulating miRNA profile during BCBM progression, rising from 18% at 3 days to 30% at 10 days following malignant cells’ injection. Work was focused on those altered prior to metastasis detection, among which were miR‐802‐5p and miR‐194‐5p, whose downregulation was validated by qPCR. Using targetscan and diana tools, the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) was identified as a target for both miRNAs, and its expression was increasingly observed in malignant cells along brain metastasis development. Its upregulation was also observed in peritumoral astrocytes pointing to a role of MEF2C in the crosstalk between tumor cells and astrocytes. MEF2C expression was also observed in human BCBM, validating the observation in mouse. Collectively, downregulation of circulating miR‐802‐5p and miR‐194‐5p appears as a precocious event in BCBM and MEF2C emerges as a new player in brain metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sereno
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sarah J Medina
- Prion Diseases Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zita Reisz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rui Malhó
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI, Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Stephanie A Booth
- Prion Diseases Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Varga DP, Szabó Í, Varga VÉ, Menhyárt Á, M Tóth O, Kozma M, Bálint AR, Krizbai IA, Bari F, Farkas E. The antagonism of prostaglandin FP receptors inhibits the evolution of spreading depolarization in an experimental model of global forebrain ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104780. [PMID: 31991249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous, recurrent spreading depolarizations (SD) are increasingly more appreciated as a pathomechanism behind ischemic brain injuries. Although the prostaglandin F2α - FP receptor signaling pathway has been proposed to contribute to neurodegeneration, it has remained unexplored whether FP receptors are implicated in SD or the coupled cerebral blood flow (CBF) response. We set out here to test the hypothesis that FP receptor blockade may achieve neuroprotection by the inhibition of SD. Global forebrain ischemia/reperfusion was induced in anesthetized rats by the bilateral occlusion and later release of the common carotid arteries. An FP receptor antagonist (AL-8810; 1 mg/bwkg) or its vehicle were administered via the femoral vein 10 min later. Two open craniotomies on the right parietal bone served the elicitation of SD with 1 M KCl, and the acquisition of local field potential. CBF was monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging over the thinned parietal bone. Apoptosis and microglia activation, as well as FP receptor localization were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The data demonstrate that the antagonism of FP receptors suppressed SD in the ischemic rat cerebral cortex and reduced the duration of recurrent SDs by facilitating repolarization. In parallel, FP receptor antagonism improved perfusion in the ischemic cerebral cortex, and attenuated hypoemic CBF responses associated with SD. Further, FP receptor antagonism appeared to restrain apoptotic cell death related to SD recurrence. In summary, the antagonism of FP receptors (located at the neuro-vascular unit, neurons, astrocytes and microglia) emerges as a promising approach to inhibit the evolution of SDs in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel P Varga
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Írisz Szabó
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Viktória É Varga
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Ákos Menhyárt
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Orsolya M Tóth
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Physiology and Pathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary
| | - Armand R Bálint
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Physiology and Pathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Molecular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University; Revolutiei Blvd n°94, Arad 310025, Romania
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Hungary.
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18
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Costea L, Mészáros Á, Bauer H, Bauer HC, Traweger A, Wilhelm I, Farkas AE, Krizbai IA. The Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Intercellular Junctions in Age-Related Brain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215472. [PMID: 31684130 PMCID: PMC6862160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With age, our cognitive skills and abilities decline. Maybe starting as an annoyance, this decline can become a major impediment to normal daily life. Recent research shows that the neurodegenerative disorders responsible for age associated cognitive dysfunction are mechanistically linked to the state of the microvasculature in the brain. When the microvasculature does not function properly, ischemia, hypoxia, oxidative stress and related pathologic processes ensue, further damaging vascular and neural function. One of the most important and specialized functions of the brain microvasculature is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which controls the movement of molecules between blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. In this review, we are focusing on tight junctions (TJs), the multiprotein complexes that play an important role in establishing and maintaining barrier function. After a short introduction of the cell types that modulate barrier function via intercellular communication, we examine how age, age related pathologies and the aging of the immune system affects TJs. Then, we review how the TJs are affected in age associated neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Lastly, we summarize the TJ aspects of Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. Barrier dysfunction appears to be a common denominator in neurological disorders, warranting detailed research into the molecular mechanisms behind it. Learning the commonalities and differences in the pathomechanism of the BBB injury in different neurological disorders will predictably lead to development of new therapeutics that improve our life as we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costea
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania.
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Hannelore Bauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania.
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania.
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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19
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Haskó J, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Mészáros Á, Patai R, Szabó G, Erdélyi F, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Győri F, Kozma M, Farkas AE, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I. Response of the neurovascular unit to brain metastatic breast cancer cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:133. [PMID: 31426859 PMCID: PMC6699134 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance of cerebral secondary tumours largely depends on unique aspects linked to the neurovascular unit, especially cerebral endothelial cells and astrocytes. By using advanced microscopy techniques, here we explored novel mechanisms related to the neurovascular unit during extravasation and proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells in the brain. Metastatic mammary carcinoma cells arrested and elongated within one hour in cerebral microvessels, but their number decreased by almost 80% in the first two days. Interestingly, malignant cells induced vasoconstriction and development of intraluminal endothelial plugs, which isolated invading cells from the circulation. During diapedesis - which usually took place on day four and five after inoculation of the tumour cells - continuity of cerebral endothelial tight junctions remained intact, indicating migration of cancer cells through the transcellular pathway. In addition, metastatic cells induced formation of multiluminal vessels and claudin-5-positive endothelial blebs. However, even severe endothelial blebbing could be reversed and the vessel morphology was restored shortly after the tumour cells completed transendothelial migration. Similar to neuro-inflammatory leukocytes, tumour cells migrated not only through the endothelial layer, but through the glia limitans perivascularis as well. Nevertheless, along with the growth of metastatic lesions by co-option of pre-existing capillaries, astrocytes and astrocyte end-feet were gradually expelled from the vessels to the border of the tumour. Taken together, we identified previously unknown mechanisms involved in the reaction of brain resident cells to invading breast cancer cells. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the complex cross-talk between tumour cells and host cells in the brain, which is essential for the identification of new therapeutic targets in this devastating disease.
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20
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Herman H, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Molnár K, Mészáros Á, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Szabó G, Erdélyi F, Ardelean A, Hermenean A, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I. Paracellular and transcellular migration of metastatic cells through the cerebral endothelium. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2619-2631. [PMID: 30712288 PMCID: PMC6433661 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer and melanoma are among the most frequent cancer types leading to brain metastases. Despite the unquestionable clinical significance, important aspects of the development of secondary tumours of the central nervous system are largely uncharacterized, including extravasation of metastatic cells through the blood-brain barrier. By using transmission electron microscopy, here we followed interactions of cancer cells and brain endothelial cells during the adhesion, intercalation/incorporation and transendothelial migration steps. We observed that brain endothelial cells were actively involved in the initial phases of the extravasation by extending filopodia-like membrane protrusions towards the tumour cells. Melanoma cells tended to intercalate between endothelial cells and to transmigrate by utilizing the paracellular route. On the other hand, breast cancer cells were frequently incorporated into the endothelium and were able to migrate through the transcellular way from the apical to the basolateral side of brain endothelial cells. When co-culturing melanoma cells with cerebral endothelial cells, we observed N-cadherin enrichment at melanoma-melanoma and melanoma-endothelial cell borders. However, for breast cancer cells N-cadherin proved to be dispensable for the transendothelial migration both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that breast cancer cells are more effective in the transcellular type of migration than melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Herman
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aurel Ardelean
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Fazakas C, Nagaraj C, Zabini D, Végh AG, Marsh LM, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Olschewski H, Olschewski A, Bálint Z. Rho-Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Dasatinib-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 29867576 PMCID: PMC5962749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-kinase inhibitor dasatinib is used for treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, but is prone to induce microvascular dysfunction. In lung this can manifest as capillary leakage with pleural effusion, pulmonary edema or even pulmonary arterial hypertension. To understand how dasatinib causes endothelial dysfunction we examined the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of dasatinib on both human pulmonary arterial macro- and microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). The effects of dasatinib was compared to imatinib and nilotinib, two other clinically used BCR/Abl kinase inhibitors that do not inhibit Src. Real three-dimensional morphology and high resolution stiffness mapping revealed softening of both macro- and microvascular ECs upon dasatinib treatment, which was not observed in response to imatinib. In a dose-dependent manner, dasatinib decreased transendothelial electrical resistance/impedance and caused a permeability increase as well as disruption of tight adherens junctions in both cell types. In isolated perfused and ventilated rat lungs, dasatinib increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure, which was accompanied by a gain in lung weight. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 partly reversed the dasatinib-induced changes in vitro and ex vivo, presumably by acting downstream of Src. Co-administration of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 completely blunted the increased pulmonary pressure in response to dasatinib. In conclusion, a dasatinib-induced permeability increase in human pulmonary arterial macro- and microvascular ECs might explain many of the adverse effects of dasatinib in patients. Rho-kinase inhibition might be suitable to ameliorate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Fazakas
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Diana Zabini
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Attila G. Végh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Végh AG, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:563-587. [PMID: 28920514 PMCID: PMC5888855 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Krizbai IA, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Bauer HC, Farkas AE, Traweger A, Haskó J, Bauer H, Wilhelm I. Pharmaceutical Targeting of the Brain. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:5442-5462. [PMID: 27464716 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160726144203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides being indispensable for the protection and nutrition of the central nervous system (CNS), blood-brain barrier (BBB)-forming cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) have a major role in hampering drugs to reach therapeutically relevant concentrations in the brain. In this respect, the most important defense systems of CECs are tight junctions (TJs) sealing the paracellular way of transport, efflux pumps (ABC transporters) and metabolic enzymes. Here we review current strategies aiming at overcoming the BBB with the purpose of effectively delivering drugs to the CNS. Besides chemical modification of drug candidates to improve CNS availability, the main strategies include: bypassing the BBB (intracranial or nasal routes), reversible opening of TJs (using hyperosmotic mannitol, ultrasounds, peptides and other physical methods or chemical agents), vector-mediated drug delivery systems (nanocarriers, exploitation of receptor- and carrier-mediated transport) and inhibition of efflux transporters. We discuss the main advantages, disadvantages and clinical relevance of each strategy. Special emphasis will be given to the description of the chemical characteristics of nanoparticles (lipidic, polymeric, inorganic, etc.) and the main strategies of targeting them to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Małecki A, Skipor-Lahuta J, Toborek M, Abbott NJ, Antonetti DA, Su EJ, Lawrence DA, Atış M, Akcan U, Yılmaz CU, Orhan N, Düzgün P, Ceylan UD, Arıcan N, Karahüseyinoğlu S, Şahin GN, Ahıshalı B, Kaya M, Aydin S, Klopstein A, Engelhardt B, Baumann J, Tsao CC, Huang SF, Ogunshola O, Boytsova EB, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Pozhilenkova EA, Gorina YV, Martynova GP, Salmina AB, Bueno D, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Castro V, Skowronska M, Toborek M, Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Filaire E, Teixeira AM, Corsi M, Versele R, Fuso A, Sevin E, Di Lorenzo C, Businaro R, Fenart L, Gosselet F, Candela P, Deli MA, Delaney C, O’Keefe E, Farrell M, Doyle S, Campbell M, Drewes LR, Appelt-Menzel A, Cubukova A, Metzger M, Fischer R, Francisco DMF, Bruggmann R, Fries A, Blecharz KG, Wagner J, Winkler L, Schneider U, Vajkoczy P, Furuse M, Gabbert L, Dilling C, Sisario D, Soukhoroukov V, Burek M, Guérit S, Fidan E, Devraj K, Czupalla CJ, Macas J, Thom S, Plate KH, Gerhardt H, Liebner S, Harazin A, Bocsik A, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Tubak V, Vecsernyés M, Helms HC, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B, Hoyk Z, Tóth ME, Lénárt N, Dukay B, Kittel Á, Vígh J, Veszelka S, Walter F, Zvara Á, Puskás L, Sántha M, Engelhardt S, Ogunshola OO, Huber A, Reitner A, Osmen S, Hahn K, Bounzina N, Gerhartl A, Schönegger A, Steinkellner H, Laccone F, Neuhaus W, Hudson N, Celkova L, Iltzsche A, Drndarski S, Begley DJ, Janiurek MM, Kucharz K, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Lauritzen M, Johnson RH, Kho DT, O’Carroll SJ, Angel CE, Graham ES, Pereira J, Karali CS, Cheng V, Zarghami N, Soto MS, Couch Y, Anthony DC, Sibson NR, Kealy J, Keep RF, Routhe LJ, Xiang J, Ye H, Hua Y, Moos T, Xi G, Kristensen M, Bach A, Strømgaard K, Kutuzov N, Lopes-Pinheiro MA, Lim J, Kamermans A, van Horssen J, Unger WW, Fontijn R, de Vries HE, Majerova P, Garruto RM, Marchetti L, Francisco D, Gruber I, Lyck R, Mészáros M, Porkoláb G, Kiss L, Pilbat AM, Török Z, Bozsó Z, Fülöp L, Michalicova A, Galba J, Mihaljevic S, Novak M, Kovac A, Morofuji Y, Fujimoto T, Watanabe D, Nakagawa S, Ujifuku K, Horie N, Izumo T, Anda T, Matsuo T, Niu F, Buch S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Nagyőszi P, Nagy K, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Molnár K, Farkas AE, Galajda P, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Kelly E, Wallace E, Greene C, Hughes S, Kealy J, Doyle N, Humphries MM, Grant GA, Friedman A, Veksler R, Molloy MG, Meaney JF, Pender N, Doherty CP, Park M, Liskiewicz A, Przybyla M, Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz D, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Malecki A, Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martinez-Morga M, Martinez S, Prager O, Solomon-Kamintsky L, Schoknecht K, Bar-Klein G, Milikovsky D, Vazana U, Rosenbach D, Kovács R, Friedman A, Radak Z, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Oxana SG, Denis B, Elena V, Anna A, Alla S, Vladimir S, Andrey M, Nataliya M, Elena K, Elizaveta B, Alexander S, Nikita N, Alla B, Yirong Y, Arkady A, Artem G, Mariya U, Anastasia S, Madina B, Artem S, Alexander K, Esmat SA, Valery P, Artem T, Jürgen K, de Abreu MS, Calpena AC, Espina M, García ML, Romero IA, Male D, Storck S, Hartz A, Pahnke J, Surma CU, Surma M, Giżejewski Z, Zieliński H, Szczepkowska A, Kowalewska M, Krawczynska A, Herman AP, Skipor J, Kachappilly N, Veenstra M, Rivera RL, Williams DW, Morgello S, Berman JW, Wyneken U, Batiz LF, Temizyürek A, Khodadust R, Küçük M, Gürses C, Emik S, Zielińska M, Obara-Michlewska M, Milewski K, Skonieczna E, Fręśko I, Neuwelt EA, Maria ARS, Bras AR, Lipka D, Valkai S, Kincses A, Dér A, Deli MA. Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017. [PMCID: PMC5667590 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-017-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wilhelm I, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Farkas AE, Krizbai IA. Role of pattern recognition receptors of the neurovascular unit in inflamm-aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1000-H1012. [PMID: 28801521 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00106.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic inflammation partly mediated by increased levels of damage-associated molecular patterns, which activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Furthermore, many aging-related disorders are associated with inflammation. PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), are expressed not only in cells of the innate immune system but also in other cells, including cells of the neurovascular unit and cerebral vasculature forming the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge about the relationship between activation of PRRs expressed by cells of the neurovascular unit-blood-brain barrier, chronic inflammation, and aging-related pathologies of the brain. The most important damage-associated molecular pattern-sensing PRRs in the brain are TLR2, TLR4, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein-1 and pyrin domain-containing protein-3, which are activated during physiological and pathological aging in microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and possibly endothelial cells and pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; and .,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; and
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; and
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; and
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; and.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Nagyőszi P, Nagy K, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Molnár K, Farkas AE, Végh AG, Váró G, Galajda P, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. Expression of pattern recognition receptors and activation of the non-canonical inflammasome pathway in brain pericytes. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:220-231. [PMID: 28432035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral pericytes are mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of capillaries. Increasing evidence suggests that they play important role in controlling neurovascular functions, i.e. cerebral blood flow, angiogenesis and permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These cells can also influence neuroinflammation which is highly regulated by the innate immune system. Therefore, we systematically tested the pattern recognition receptor expression of brain pericytes. We detected expression of NOD1, NOD2, NLRC5, NLRP1-3, NLRP5, NLRP9, NLRP10 and NLRX mRNA in non-treated cells. Among the ten known human TLRs, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6 and TLR10 were found to be expressed. Inflammatory mediators induced the expression of NLRA, NLRC4 and TLR9 and increased the levels of NOD2, TLR2, inflammasome-forming caspases and inflammasome-cleaved interleukins. Oxidative stress, on the other hand, upregulated expression of TLR10 and NLRP9. Activation of selected pattern recognition receptors can lead to inflammasome assembly and caspase-dependent secretion of IL-1β. TNF-α and IFN-γ increased the levels of pro-IL-1β and pro-caspase-1 proteins; however, no canonical activation of NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3 or NLRC4 inflammasomes could be observed in human brain vascular pericytes. On the other hand, we could demonstrate secretion of active IL-1β in response to non-canonical inflammasome activation, i.e. intracellular LPS or infection with E. coli bacteria. Our in vitro results indicate that pericytes might have an important regulatory role in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Nagyőszi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - György Váró
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Galajda
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Str. Liviu Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania.
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Str. Liviu Rebreanu 86, 310414 Arad, Romania.
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Varga B, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Wilhelm I, Domokos RA, Krizbai IA, Szegletes Z, Váró G, Végh AG. Direct mapping of melanoma cell - endothelial cell interactions. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 28008676 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The most life-threatening aspect of cancer is metastasis; cancer patient mortality is mainly due to metastasis. Among all metastases, presence of brain metastasis is one with the poorest prognosis; the median survival time can be counted in months. Therefore, prevention or decreasing their incidence would be highly desired both by patients and physicians. Metastatic cells invading the brain must breach the cerebral vasculature, primarily the blood-brain barrier. The key step in this process is the establishment of firm adhesion between the cancer cell and the cerebral endothelial layer. Using the atomic force microscope, a high-resolution force spectrograph, our aim was to explore the connections among the cell morphology, cellular mechanics, and biological function in the process of transendothelial migration of metastatic cancer cells. By immobilization of a melanoma cell to an atomic force microscope's cantilever, intercellular adhesion was directly measured at quasi-physiological conditions. Hereby, we present our latest results by using this melanoma-decorated probe. Binding characteristics to a confluent layer of brain endothelial cells was directly measured by means of single-cell force spectroscopy. Adhesion dynamics and strength were characterized, and we present data about spatial distribution of elasticity and detachment strength. These results highlight the importance of cellular mechanics in brain metastasis formation and emphasize the enormous potential toward exploration of intercellular dynamic-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Varga
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Laboratoire Charles Coulomb L2C, UMR 5221, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka A Domokos
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Physics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Zsolt Szegletes
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Váró
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Nyúl-Tóth Á, Suciu M, Molnár J, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Herman H, Farkas AE, Kaszaki J, Hermenean A, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. Differences in the molecular structure of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebral cortex and white matter: an in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1702-14. [PMID: 27059078 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00774.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main interface controlling molecular and cellular traffic between the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. It consists of cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) interconnected by continuous tight junctions, and closely associated pericytes and astrocytes. Different parts of the CNS have diverse functions and structures and may be subject of different pathologies, in which the BBB is actively involved. It is largely unknown, however, what are the cellular and molecular differences of the BBB in different regions of the brain. Using in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo techniques we compared the expression of BBB-associated genes and proteins (i.e., markers of CECs, brain pericytes, and astrocytes) in the cortical grey matter and white matter. In silico human database analysis (obtained from recalculated data of the Allen Brain Atlas), qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence studies on porcine and mouse brain tissue indicated an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes in the white matter compared with the grey matter. We have also found increased expression of genes of the junctional complex of CECs (occludin, claudin-5, and α-catenin) in the white matter compared with the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, occludin, claudin-5, and α-catenin proteins showed increased expression in CECs of the white matter compared with endothelial cells of the cortical grey matter. In parallel, barrier properties of white matter CECs were superior as well. These differences might be important in the pathogenesis of diseases differently affecting distinct regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Suciu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hildegard Herman
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Kaszaki
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
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Gasparics Á, Rosivall L, Krizbai IA, Sebe A. When the endothelium scores an own goal: endothelial cells actively augment metastatic extravasation through endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1055-63. [PMID: 26993222 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism during organ development and in certain pathological conditions. For example, EndMT contributes to myofibroblast formation during organ fibrosis, and it has been identified as an important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts, facilitating tumor progression. Recently, EndMT was proposed to modulate endothelial function during intravasation and extravasation of metastatic tumor cells. Evidence suggests that endothelial cells are not passive actors during transendothelial migration (TEM) of cancer cells, as there are profound changes in endothelial junctional protein expression, signaling, permeability, and contractility. This review describes these alterations in endothelial characteristics during TEM of metastatic tumor cells and discusses them in the context of EndMT. EndMT could play an important role during metastatic intravasation and extravasation, a novel hypothesis that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to tackle metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Gasparics
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Rosivall
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
| | - Attila Sebe
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
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Varga N, Csapó E, Majláth Z, Ilisz I, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I, Knapp L, Toldi J, Vécsei L, Dékány I. Targeting of the kynurenic acid across the blood-brain barrier by core-shell nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:67-74. [PMID: 26924227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) were developed to get over therapeutic amount of kynurenic acid (KYNA) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as core for encapsulation of KYNA and the BSA/KYNA composite was finally encapsulated by poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) polymer as shell. In the interest of the optimization of the synthesis the BSA and KYNA interaction was studied by two-dimensional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique as well. The average size of d~100 nm was proven by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the structure of the composites was characterized by fluorescence (FL) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The in vitro release properties of KYNA were investigated by a vertical diffusion cell at 25.0 °C and 37.5 °C and the kinetic of the release were discussed. The penetration capacity of the NPs into the central nervous system (CNS) was tested by an in vitro BBB model. The results demonstrated that the encapsulated KYNA had significantly higher permeability compared to free KYNA molecules. In the neurobiological serial of in vivo experiments the effects of peripherally administered KYNA with CSNPs were studied in comparison with untreated KYNA. These results clearly proved that KYNA in the CSNPs, administrated peripherally is suitable to cross the BBB and to induce electrophysiological effects within the CNS. As the neuroprotective properties of KYNA nowadays are proven, the importance of the results is obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Varga
- MTA-SZTE Supramolecular and Nanostructured Materials Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Dóm tér 8, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Csapó
- MTA-SZTE Supramolecular and Nanostructured Materials Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Dóm tér 8, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Z Majláth
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Dóm tér 7, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Knapp
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Toldi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, H-6725 Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H-6726 Közép fasor 52, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Dékány
- MTA-SZTE Supramolecular and Nanostructured Materials Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Dóm tér 8, Szeged, Hungary.
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Wilhelm I, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Suciu M, Hermenean A, Krizbai IA. Heterogeneity of the blood-brain barrier. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1143544. [PMID: 27141424 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1143544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain microvascular network is comprised of capillaries, arterioles and venules, all of which retain - although to a different extent - blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties. Capillaries constitute the largest and tightest microvasculature. In contrast, venules have a looser junctional arrangement, while arterioles have a lower expression of P-gp. Development and maintenance of the BBB depends on the interaction of cerebral endothelial cells with pericytes and astrocytes, which are all heterogeneous in different regions of the central nervous system. At the level of circumventricular organs microvessels are permeable, containing fenestrations and discontinuous tight junctions. In addition, the blood-spinal cord barrier - where the number of pericytes is lower and expression of junctional proteins is reduced - is also more permeable than the BBB. However, much less is known about the cellular, molecular and functional differences among other regions of the brain. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the heterogeneity of the brain microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Suciu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad ; Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad ; Arad, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad; Arad, Romania
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Molnár J, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Sipos O, Nagy K, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Farkas AE, Végh AG, Váró G, Galajda P, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I. Transmigration characteristics of breast cancer and melanoma cells through the brain endothelium: Role of Rac and PI3K. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 10:269-81. [PMID: 26645485 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are common and devastating complications of both breast cancer and melanoma. Although mammary carcinoma brain metastases are more frequent than those originating from melanoma, this latter has the highest tropism to the brain. Using static and dynamic in vitro approaches, here we show that melanoma cells have increased adhesion to the brain endothelium in comparison to breast cancer cells. Moreover, melanoma cells can transmigrate more rapidly and in a higher number through brain endothelial monolayers than breast cancer cells. In addition, melanoma cells have increased ability to impair tight junctions of cerebral endothelial cells. We also show that inhibition of Rac or PI3K impedes adhesion of breast cancer cells and melanoma cells to the brain endothelium. In addition, inhibition of Rac or PI3K inhibits the late phase of transmigration of breast cancer cells and the early phase of transmigration of melanoma cells. On the other hand, the Rac inhibitor EHT1864 impairs the junctional integrity of the brain endothelium, while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 has no damaging effect on interendothelial junctions. We suggest that targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway may represent a novel opportunity in preventing the formation of brain metastases of melanoma and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Molnár
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Orsolya Sipos
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila E Farkas
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - György Váró
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Péter Galajda
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary.,b Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad , Arad , Romania
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
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Nagyőszi P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Fazakas C, Wilhelm I, Kozma M, Molnár J, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Regulation of NOD-like receptors and inflammasome activation in cerebral endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2015; 135:551-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Nagyőszi
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
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Krizbai IA, Gasparics Á, Nagyőszi P, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Wilhelm I, Bencs R, Rosivall L, Sebe A. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition of brain endothelial cells: possible role during metastatic extravasation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123845. [PMID: 25822751 PMCID: PMC4378947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression towards metastasis follows a defined sequence of events described as the metastatic cascade. For extravasation and transendothelial migration metastatic cells interact first with endothelial cells. Yet the role of endothelial cells during the process of metastasis formation and extravasation is still unclear, and the interaction between metastatic and endothelial cells during transendothelial migration is poorly understood. Since tumor cells are well known to express TGF-β, and the compact endothelial layer undergoes a series of changes during metastatic extravasation (cell contact disruption, cytoskeletal reorganization, enhanced contractility), we hypothesized that an EndMT may be necessary for metastatic extravasation. We demonstrate that primary cultured rat brain endothelial cells (BEC) undergo EndMT upon TGF-β1 treatment, characterized by the loss of tight and adherens junction proteins, expression of fibronectin, β1-integrin, calponin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). B16/F10 cell line conditioned and activated medium (ACM) had similar effects: claudin-5 down-regulation, fibronectin and SMA expression. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling during B16/F10 ACM stimulation using SB-431542 maintained claudin-5 levels and mitigated fibronectin and SMA expression. B16/F10 ACM stimulation of BECs led to phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. SB-431542 prevented SMA up-regulation upon stimulation of BECs with A2058, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 ACM as well. Moreover, B16/F10 ACM caused a reduction in transendothelial electrical resistance, enhanced the number of melanoma cells adhering to and transmigrating through the endothelial layer, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. These effects were not confined to BECs: HUVECs showed TGF-β-dependent SMA expression when stimulated with breast cancer cell line ACM. Our results indicate that an EndMT may be necessary for metastatic transendothelial migration, and this transition may be one of the potential mechanisms occurring during the complex phenomenon known as metastatic extravasation.
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35
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Krizbai IA, Gasparics Á, Nagyőszi P, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Wilhelm I, Bencs R, Rosivall L, Sebe A. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition of brain endothelial cells: possible role during metastatic extravasation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119655. [PMID: 25742314 PMCID: PMC4350839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression towards metastasis follows a defined sequence of events described as the metastatic cascade. For extravasation and transendothelial migration metastatic cells interact first with endothelial cells. Yet the role of endothelial cells during the process of metastasis formation and extravasation is still unclear, and the interaction between metastatic and endothelial cells during transendothelial migration is poorly understood. Since tumor cells are well known to express TGF-β, and the compact endothelial layer undergoes a series of changes during metastatic extravasation (cell contact disruption, cytoskeletal reorganization, enhanced contractility), we hypothesized that an EndMT may be necessary for metastatic extravasation. We demonstrate that primary cultured rat brain endothelial cells (BEC) undergo EndMT upon TGF-β1 treatment, characterized by the loss of tight and adherens junction proteins, expression of fibronectin, β1-integrin, calponin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). B16/F10 cell line conditioned and activated medium (ACM) had similar effects: claudin-5 down-regulation, fibronectin and SMA expression. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling during B16/F10 ACM stimulation using SB-431542 maintained claudin-5 levels and mitigated fibronectin and SMA expression. B16/F10 ACM stimulation of BECs led to phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. SB-431542 prevented SMA up-regulation upon stimulation of BECs with A2058, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 ACM as well. Moreover, B16/F10 ACM caused a reduction in transendothelial electrical resistance, enhanced the number of melanoma cells adhering to and transmigrating through the endothelial layer, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. These effects were not confined to BECs: HUVECs showed TGF-β-dependent SMA expression when stimulated with breast cancer cell line ACM. Our results indicate that an EndMT may be necessary for metastatic transendothelial migration, and this transition may be one of the potential mechanisms occurring during the complex phenomenon known as metastatic extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414, Arad, Romania
| | - Ákos Gasparics
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagyőszi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Bencs
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Rosivall
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Sebe
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Hajdu Z, Haskó J, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I, Jedlinszki N, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Forgo P, Hohmann J, Csupor D. Evaluation of Lignans from Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra for Their Potential Antimetastatic Effects in the Brain. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:2641-50. [PMID: 25479041 DOI: 10.1021/np500508y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Hajdu
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute
of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad 310414, Romania
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute
of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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37
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Abstract
The structure and function of the barrier layers restricting the free diffusion of substances between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the systemic circulation is of great medical interest as various pathological conditions often lead to their impairment. Excessive leakage of blood-borne molecules into the parenchyma and the concomitant fluctuations in the microenvironment following a transient breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during ischemic/hypoxic conditions or because of an autoimmune disease are detrimental to the physiological functioning of nervous tissue. On the other hand, the treatment of neurological disorders is often hampered as only minimal amounts of therapeutic agents are able to penetrate a fully functional BBB or blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. An in-depth understanding of the molecular machinery governing the establishment and maintenance of these barriers is necessary to develop rational strategies allowing a controlled delivery of appropriate drugs to the CNS. At the basis of such tissue barriers are intimate cell-cell contacts (zonulae occludentes, tight junctions) which are present in all polarized epithelia and endothelia. By creating a paracellular diffusion constraint TJs enable the vectorial transport across cell monolayers. More recent findings indicate that functional barriers are already established during development, protecting the fetal brain. As an understanding of the biogenesis of TJs might reveal the underlying mechanisms of barrier formation during ontogenic development numerous in vitro systems have been developed to study the assembly and disassembly of TJs. In addition, monitoring the stage-specific expression of TJ-associated proteins during development has brought much insight into the “developmental tightening” of tissue barriers. Over the last two decades a detailed molecular map of transmembrane and cytoplasmic TJ-proteins has been identified. These proteins not only form a cell-cell adhesion structure, but integrate various signaling pathways, thereby directly or indirectly impacting upon processes such as cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and transcriptional control. This review will provide a brief overview on the establishment of the BBB during embryonic development in mammals and a detailed description of the ultrastructure, biogenesis, and molecular composition of epithelial and endothelial TJs will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Bauer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg Salzburg, Austria ; Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Austria
| | - István A Krizbai
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary ; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad Arad, Romania
| | - Hannelore Bauer
- Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The most important obstacle to the drug delivery into the brain is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the traffic of substances between the blood and the nervous tissue. Therefore, adequate in vitro models need to be developed in order to characterize the penetration properties of drug candidates into the central nervous system. This review article summarizes the presently used and the most promising in vitro BBB models based on the culture of brain endothelial cells. Robust models can be obtained using primary porcine brain endothelial cells and rodent coculture models, which have low paracellular permeability and express functional efflux transporters, showing good correlation of drug penetration data with in vivo results. Models mimicking the in vivo anatomophysiological complexity of the BBB are also available, including triple coculture (culture of brain endothelial cells in the presence of pericytes and astrocytes), dynamic, and microfluidic models; however, these are not suitable for rapid, high throughput studies. Potent human cell lines would be needed for easily available and reproducible models which avoid interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Tamás A, Tóth G, Reglődi D, Krizbai IA. PACAP enhances barrier properties of cerebral microvessels. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:469-76. [PMID: 24614973 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells-coming in contact with pericytes and astrocytes-constitute the structural basis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The continuous belt of interendothelial tight junctions (TJs) and the presence of specific transport systems, enzymes, and receptors in the brain endothelium regulate the molecular and cellular traffic into the central nervous system. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide having several cellular protective effects. However, little is known about the effects of PACAP on the cerebral endothelium and BBB functions. Here, we show that PACAP has no significant pro-survival role in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells; however, it improves the barrier properties of the brain endothelium. PACAP induces an increase in the transendothelial electrical resistance, which is the most important marker of the tightness of the TJs. Moreover, PACAP has a protective role against glucose deprivation- and oxidative stress-induced junctional damage in microvascular brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Haskó J, Végh AG, Cervenak L, Nagyőszi P, Nyúl-Tóth A, Farkas AE, Bauer H, Guillemin GJ, Bauer HC, Váró G, Krizbai IA. Role of Rho/ROCK signaling in the interaction of melanoma cells with the blood-brain barrier. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 27:113-23. [PMID: 24148763 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the interaction of metastatic melanoma cells with the brain endothelium. ROCK inhibition induced a shift of melanoma cells to the mesenchymal phenotype, increased the number of melanoma cells attached to the brain endothelium, and strengthened the adhesion force between melanoma and endothelial cells. Inhibition of ROCK raised the number of melanoma cells migrating through the brain endothelial monolayer and promoted the formation of parenchymal brain metastases in vivo. We have shown that inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway in melanoma, but not in brain endothelial cells, is responsible for this phenomenon. Our results indicate that the mesenchymal type of tumor cell movement is primordial in the transmigration of melanoma cells through the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Bálint Z, Zabini D, Konya V, Nagaraj C, Végh AG, Váró G, Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Krizbai IA, Heinemann A, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. Double-stranded RNA attenuates the barrier function of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63776. [PMID: 23755110 PMCID: PMC3670875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating RNA may result from excessive cell damage or acute viral infection and can interact with vascular endothelial cells. Despite the obvious clinical implications associated with the presence of circulating RNA, its pathological effects on endothelial cells and the governing molecular mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. We analyzed the effects of double stranded RNA on primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs). The effect of natural and synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) on hPAECs was investigated using trans-endothelial electric resistance, molecule trafficking, calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, gene expression and proliferation studies. Furthermore, the morphology and mechanical changes of the cells caused by synthetic dsRNA was followed by in-situ atomic force microscopy, by vascular-endothelial cadherin and F-actin staining. Our results indicated that exposure of hPAECs to synthetic dsRNA led to functional deficits. This was reflected by morphological and mechanical changes and an increase in the permeability of the endothelial monolayer. hPAECs treated with synthetic dsRNA accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, the proliferation rate of the cells in the presence of synthetic dsRNA was significantly decreased. Furthermore, we found that natural and synthetic dsRNA modulated Ca2+ signaling in hPAECs by inhibiting the sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) which is involved in the regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and thus cell growth. Even upon synthetic dsRNA stimulation silencing of SERCA3 preserved the endothelial monolayer integrity. Our data identify novel mechanisms by which dsRNA can disrupt endothelial barrier function and these may be relevant in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Bálint
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Diana Zabini
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Attila G. Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Váró
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Mallareddy JR, Tóth G, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Nagyőszi P, Lipkowski AW, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I. Transport Characteristics of Endomorphin-2 Analogues in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:507-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Végh AG, Fazakas C, Nagy K, Wilhelm I, Molnár J, Krizbai IA, Szegletes Z, Váró G. Adhesion and stress relaxation forces between melanoma and cerebral endothelial cells. Eur Biophys J 2011; 41:139-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Végh AG, Fazakas C, Nagy K, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Nagyoszi P, Szegletes Z, Váró G. Spatial and temporal dependence of the cerebral endothelial cells elasticity. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:422-8. [PMID: 21504019 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reliable determination of the mechanical properties of a living cell is one of the most important challenges of the atomic force microscopic measurements. In the present study the spatial and temporal dependency of the force measurements on cerebral endothelial cells was investigated. Besides imaging the cells, two different sequences of force measurements were applied: Acquisition of force curves in short time at several points across the cell surface investigating spatial dependence of the elasticity. Acquisition of force curves for long time at a previously determined place, over the cell nucleus, which provides the temporal stability/variation of the measured forces/values. Three different stages of endothelial cell cultures of the hCMEC/D3 cells were used: sub-confluent living, confluent living, and confluent fixed cells. The Young's modulus was calculated from the force curves using the Hertz model and the results were plotted against time or location correspondingly. The rational of using the three stage of culture was to clarify whether the observed effect belongs to the individual cell, to the ensemble of cells or just to some, not living cell component. In case of sub-confluent cells the results revealed a softer nuclear region compared to the periphery, while an attenuated oscillation like fluctuation in time, with a period of about 10-30 min, was observed. Confluent living cells showed similar tendencies to the sub-confluent cells, but the changes were larger and the temporal oscillations had longer period. The spatial dependency of the elasticity on confluent cells was confirmed by force-volume measurement too. In case of fixed cells neither spatial nor temporal differences were observed between the nuclear and peripheral region, however the Young's modulus and the error of the measurement was larger, compared to the sub-confluent living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Nagyoszi P, Wilhelm I, Farkas AE, Fazakas C, Dung NTK, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Expression and regulation of toll-like receptors in cerebral endothelial cells. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:556-64. [PMID: 20637248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral endothelial cells - the principal components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) - fulfill several important functions in the central nervous system (CNS). They form an active interface between blood and neuronal tissue and play a key role in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the CNS. Infections caused by different pathogens are often associated with systemic symptoms and may compromise the functional integrity of the BBB as well. In the mediation of the systemic effect of pathogens Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role. TLRs are a type of pattern recognition receptor and recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens but distinguishable from host molecules. TLRs are broadly distributed on cells of the immune system and function as primary sensors of invading pathogens. There is also growing experimental evidence indicating that Toll-like receptors are expressed on different non-immune cell types as well, like epithelial or endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate the expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR6 on rat and human cerebral endothelial cells. Oxidative stress significantly upregulated the expression of these receptors whereas TNF-alpha upregulated the expression of TLR2 and TLR3. Furthermore we have shown, that activation of TLR2/6 leads to an increased permeability which is accompanied by a downregulation of occludin and claudin-5 expression and disappearance of these tight junction proteins from the cell membrane. Changes in occludin expression and localization could be inhibited by the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Our results suggest a significant role of the cerebral endothelium in mediation of the neural effects of different inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Nagyoszi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary.
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Wilhelm I, Nagyoszi P, Farkas AE, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler B, Fazakas C, Dung NTK, Bottka S, Bauer H, Bauer HC, Krizbai IA. Hyperosmotic stress induces Axl activation and cleavage in cerebral endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2008; 107:116-26. [PMID: 18673450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Because of the relative impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), many drugs are unable to reach the CNS in therapeutically relevant concentration. One method to deliver drugs to the CNS is the osmotic opening of the BBB using mannitol. Hyperosmotic mannitol induces a strong phosphorylation on tyrosine residues in a broad spectrum of proteins in cerebral endothelial cells, the principal components of the BBB. Previously, we have shown that among targets of tyrosine phosphorylation are beta-catenin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src. The aim of this study was to identify new signalling pathways activated by hypertonicity in cerebral endothelial cells. Using an antibody array and immunoprecipitation we identified the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl to become tyrosine phosphorylated in response to hyperosmotic mannitol. Besides activation, Axl was also cleaved in response to osmotic stress. Degradation of Axl proved to be metalloproteinase- and proteasome-dependent and resulted in 50-55 kDa C-terminal products which remained phosphorylated even after degradation. Specific knockdown of Axl increased the rate of apoptosis in hyperosmotic mannitol-treated cells; therefore, we assume that activation of Axl may be a protective mechanism against hypertonicity-induced apoptosis. Our results identify Axl as an important element of osmotic stress-induced signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
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Wilhelm I, Farkas AE, Nagyőszi P, Váró G, Bálint Z, Végh GA, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler B, Krizbai IA. Regulation of cerebral endothelial cell morphology by extracellular calcium. Phys Med Biol 2007; 52:6261-74. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/20/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hutamekalin P, Farkas AE, Orbók A, Wilhelm I, Nagyoszi P, Veszelka S, Deli MA, Buzás K, Hunyadi-Gulyás E, Medzihradszky KF, Meksuriyen D, Krizbai IA. Effect of nicotine and polyaromtic hydrocarbons on cerebral endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2007; 32:198-209. [PMID: 17920942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nicotine and polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds on cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). Nicotine treatments from 15 min to 5h did not cause any changes in the expression and localization of principal junctional proteins. One day of treatment with a relatively high concentration of nicotine induced a decrease in the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1, occludin, and the adherens junction protein, cadherin. Treatment with 3 x 10(-5)M phenanthrene for 24h caused a redistribution of occludin from the Triton X-100 insoluble to the Triton X-100 soluble fraction. Transendothelial electrical resistance was not significantly affected by 24h treatments with nicotine, methylanthracene or phenanthrene. However, 24h nicotine treatment increased transendothelial permeability in CECs exposed to oxidative stress. Both nicotine and phenanthrene were able to regulate the expression of a large number of proteins as revealed by 2D electrophoresis. Our experiments suggest that tobacco smoking may affect the junctional complex of CECs, and that this effect is enhanced by oxidative stress.
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Bálint Z, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I, Farkas AE, Párducz A, Szegletes Z, Váró G. Changes induced by hyperosmotic mannitol in cerebral endothelial cells: an atomic force microscopic study. Eur Biophys J 2006; 36:113-20. [PMID: 17115151 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-006-0112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the reaction of living cells in response to different extracellular stimuli, such as hyperosmotic stress, is of primordial importance. Mannitol, a cell-impermeable non-toxic alcohol, has been used successfully for reversible opening of the blood-brain barrier in hyperosmotic concentrations. In this study we analyzed the effect of hyperosmotic mannitol on the shape and surface structure of living cerebral endothelial cells by atomic force microscope imaging technique. Addition of clinically relevant concentrations of mannitol to the culture medium of the confluent cells induced a decrease of about 40% in the observed height of the cells. This change was consistent both at the nuclear and peripheral region of the cells. After mannitol treatment even a close examination of the contact surface between the cells did not reveal gap between them. We could observe the appearance of surface protrusions of about 100 nm. By force measurements the elasticity of the cells were estimated. While the Young's modulus of the control cells appeared to be 8.04 +/- 0.12 kPa, for the mannitol-treated cells it decreased to an estimated value of 0.93 +/- 0.04 kPa which points to large structural changes inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Bálint
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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Krizbai IA, Lenzser G, Szatmari E, Farkas AE, Wilhelm I, Fekete Z, Erdos B, Bauer H, Bauer HC, Sandor P, Komjati K. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER CHANGES DURING COMPENSATED AND DECOMPENSATED HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. Shock 2005; 24:428-33. [PMID: 16247328 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000183389.98519.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be associated with a large number of central nervous system and systemic disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine BBB changes during different phases of hemorrhagic shock. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats anaesthetized with urethane. To produce compensated or decompensated hemorrhagic shock, mean arterial pressure was decreased from the normotensive control values to 40 mmHg by a standardized method of blood withdrawal from the femoral artery. Cerebral blood flow changes were followed by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and arterial blood gas values were monitored over the whole procedure. Cortical blood flow was significantly reduced in compensated and in decompensated hemorrhagic shock compared with the normotensive rats. As the shock shifted to the decompensated phase, the blood flow reduction was more pronounced. BBB permeability studies using sodium fluorescein (molecular weight of 376) and Evan's Blue albumin (molecular weight of 67,000) have revealed a significant increase of the BBB permeability for sodium fluorescein in the decompensated stage of hemorrhagic shock. Western blot analysis of brain capillaries showed that the expression of the transmembrane tight junction protein occludin was reduced in response to hemorrhagic shock, and the decrease of occludin was more pronounced in the decompensated phase. A similar expression pattern was shown by the transmembrane adherens junction protein cadherin as well. Our results suggest that the decompensated phase of hemorrhagic shock is associated with disturbances of the BBB, which may be explained by the dysfunction of interendothelial junctions caused by decreased occludin and cadherin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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