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Bailey C, Howell M, Raghunandan R, Dalziel K, Howard K, Mulhern B, Petrou S, Rowen D, Salisbury A, Viney R, Lancsar E, Devlin N. The RETRIEVE Checklist for Studies Reporting the Elicitation of Stated Preferences for Child Health-Related Quality of Life. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2024; 42:435-446. [PMID: 38217776 PMCID: PMC10937763 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent systematic reviews show varying methods for eliciting, modelling, and reporting preference-based values for child health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes, thus producing value sets with different characteristics. Reporting in many of the reviewed studies was found to be incomplete and inconsistent, making them difficult to assess. Checklists can help to improve standards of reporting; however, existing checklists do not address methodological issues for valuing child HRQoL. Existing checklists also focus on reporting methods and processes used in developing HRQoL values, with less focus on reporting of the values' key characteristics and properties. We aimed to develop a checklist for studies generating values for child HRQoL, including for disease-specific states and value sets for generic child HRQoL instruments. DEVELOPMENT A conceptual model provided a structure for grouping items into five modules. Potential items were sourced from an adult HRQoL checklist review, with additional items specific to children developed using recent reviews. Checklist items were reduced by eliminating duplication and overlap, then refined for relevance and clarity via an iterative process. Long and short checklist versions were produced for different user needs. The resulting long RETRIEVE contains 83 items, with modules for reporting methods (A-D) and characteristics of values (E), for researchers planning and reporting child health valuation studies. The short RETRIEVE contains 14 items for decision makers or researchers choosing value sets. CONCLUSION Applying the RETRIEVE checklists to relevant studies suggests feasibility. RETRIEVE has the potential to improve completeness in the reporting of preference-based values for child HRQOL outcomes and to improve assessment of preference-based value sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Bailey
- Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie St., Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Martin Howell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rakhee Raghunandan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Dalziel
- Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie St., Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donna Rowen
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amber Salisbury
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosalie Viney
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Lancsar
- Department of Health Services and Policy Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Nancy Devlin
- Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie St., Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
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McFarland AM, Manoukian S, Mason H, Reilly JS. Impact of surgical-site infection on health utility values: a meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2023:7193941. [PMID: 37303251 PMCID: PMC10361680 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are recognized as negatively affecting patient quality of life. No meta-analysis of SSI utility values is available in the literature to inform estimates of this burden and investment decisions in prevention. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database was performed in April 2022 in accordance with PROSPERO registration CRD 42021262633. Studies were included where quality-of-life data were gathered from adults undergoing surgery, and such data were presented for those with and without an SSI at similar time points. Two researchers undertook data extraction and quality appraisal independently, with a third as arbiter. Utility values were converted to EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D™) estimates. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model across all relevant studies, with subgroup analyses on type and timing of the SSI. RESULTS In total, 15 studies with 2817 patients met the inclusion criteria. Six studies across seven time points were used in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean difference in EQ-5D™ utility in all studies combined was -0.08 (95 per cent c.i. -0.11 to -0.05; prediction interval -0.16 to -0.01; I2 = 40 per cent). The mean difference in EQ-5D™ utility associated with deep SSI was -0.10 (95 per cent c.i. -0.14 to -0.06; I2 = 0 per cent) and the mean difference in EQ-5D™ utility persisted over time. CONCLUSION The present study provides the first synthesized estimate of SSI burden over the short and long term. EQ-5D™ utility estimates for a range of SSIs are essential for infection prevention planning and future economic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agi M McFarland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Sarkis Manoukian
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Glasgow Caledonian University Yunus Centre for Social Business, Glasgow
| | - Helen Mason
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Glasgow Caledonian University Yunus Centre for Social Business, Glasgow
| | - Jacqui S Reilly
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Health and Safeguarding Health through Infection Prevention (SHIP) Research Group, Glasgow
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Muchadeyi MT, Hernandez-Villafuerte K, Schlander M. Quality appraisal for systematic literature reviews of health state utility values: a descriptive analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:303. [PMID: 36434521 PMCID: PMC9700894 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health state utility values (HSUVs) are an essential input parameter to cost-utility analysis (CUA). Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) provide summarized information for selecting utility values from an increasing number of primary studies eliciting HSUVs. Quality appraisal (QA) of such SLRs is an important process towards the credibility of HSUVs estimates; yet, authors often overlook this crucial process. A scientifically developed and widely accepted QA tool for this purpose is lacking and warranted. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively describe the nature of QA in published SRLs of studies eliciting HSUVs and generate a list of commonly used items. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase from 01.01.2015 to 15.05.2021. SLRs of empirical studies eliciting HSUVs that were published in English were included. We extracted descriptive data, which included QA tools checklists or good practice recommendations used or cited, items used, and the methods of incorporating QA results into study findings. Descriptive statistics (frequencies of use and occurrences of items, acceptance and counterfactual acceptance rates) were computed and a comprehensive list of QA items was generated. RESULTS A total of 73 SLRs were included, comprising 93 items and 35 QA tools and good recommendation practices. The prevalence of QA was 55% (40/73). Recommendations by NICE and ISPOR guidelines appeared in 42% (16/40) of the SLRs that appraised quality. The most commonly used QA items in SLRs were response rates (27/40), statistical analysis (22/40), sample size (21/40) and loss of follow up (21/40). Yet, the most commonly featured items in QA tools and GPRs were statistical analysis (23/35), confounding or baseline equivalency (20/35), and blinding (14/35). Only 5% of the SLRS used QA to inform the data analysis, with acceptance rates of 100% (in two studies) 67%, 53% and 33%. The mean counterfactual acceptance rate was 55% (median 53% and IQR 56%). CONCLUSIONS There is a considerably low prevalence of QA in the SLRs of HSUVs. Also, there is a wide variation in the QA dimensions and items included in both SLRs and extracted tools. This underscores the need for a scientifically developed QA tool for multi-variable primary studies of HSUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchandifunga Trust Muchadeyi
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Health Economics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation Under Public Law, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Health Economics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation Under Public Law, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,Health Economics, WifOR institute, Rheinstraße 22, Darmstadt, 64283 Germany
| | - Michael Schlander
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Health Economics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation Under Public Law, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Alfred Weber Institute for Economics (AWI), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Husereau D, Drummond M, Augustovski F, de Bekker-Grob E, Briggs AH, Carswell C, Caulley L, Chaiyakunapruk N, Greenberg D, Loder E, Mauskopf J, Mullins CD, Petrou S, Pwu RF, Staniszewska S. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 Explanation and Elaboration: A Report of the ISPOR CHEERS II Good Practices Task Force. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:10-31. [PMID: 35031088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces the previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, and the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as healthcare, public health, education, and social care). This Explanation and Elaboration Report presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist with recommendations and explanation and examples for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer-reviewed journals and the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. Nevertheless, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, given that there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Husereau
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Husereau).
| | | | - Federico Augustovski
- Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department of the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS- CONICET), Buenos Aires; University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esther de Bekker-Grob
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew H Briggs
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | | | - Lisa Caulley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program and Center for Journalology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Loder
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The BMJ, London, UK
| | - Josephine Mauskopf
- RTI Health Solutions, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - C Daniel Mullins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raoh-Fang Pwu
- National Hepatitis C Program Office, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Staniszewska
- Warwick Research in Nursing, University of Warwick Warwick Medical School, Warwick, UK
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Hansson E, Sandman L, Davidson T. A systematic review of direct preference measurements in health states treated with plastic surgery. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2021; 56:180-190. [PMID: 34369280 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2021.1953039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One way to compare health care needs and outcomes on common scales is by estimating the strength of preferences or willingness-to-pay (WTP). The aim of this study was to review directly measured preference values and WTP estimates for health states treated by plastic surgery. The included articles had to meet the criteria defined in the SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type). Relevant databases were searched using predetermined strings. Data were extracted in a standardised manner. Included studies were appraised according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach for rating the importance of outcomes. In total, 213 abstracts were retrieved. Of these, 179 did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded, leaving 34 studies in the review. The risk of bias was considered moderate in four studies and serious in the rest. The overall certainty of evidence for directly measured preference values and WTP estimates for health states treated by plastic surgery is low (Grade ƟƟОО). The lowest preference scores were generally elicited for facial defects/anomalies and the highest for excess skin after massive weight loss. Scientific knowledge about preferences and the resulting health gains might play an essential role in deciding which procedures should be considered for public funding or rather rationed within the system. Better quality studies are required to allow for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hansson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Sandman
- National Centre for Priorities in Health, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Västra Götaland Region, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Faculty of Police Work, Department of Campus Police Education, Borås University, Borås, Sweden
| | - Thomas Davidson
- National Centre for Priorities in Health, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Zoratti MJ, Pickard AS, Stalmeier PFM, Ollendorf D, Lloyd A, Chan KKW, Husereau D, Brazier JE, Krahn M, Levine M, Thabane L, Xie F. Evaluating the conduct and application of health utility studies: a review of critical appraisal tools and reporting checklists. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2021; 22:723-733. [PMID: 33839968 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published health utility studies are increasingly cited in cost-utility analyses to inform reimbursement decision-making. However, there is limited guidance for investigators looking to systematically evaluate the methodological quality of health utility studies or their applicability to decision contexts. OBJECTIVE To describe how health utility concepts are reflected in tools intended for use with the health economic literature, particularly with respect to the evaluation of methodological quality and context applicability. METHODS We reviewed the critical appraisal and reporting tools described in a 2012 report published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), supplemented with a keyword search of MEDLINE and EMBASE, to identify existing tools which include health utility constructs. From these tools, a list of relevant items was compiled and grouped into domain categories based on the methodological or applicability aspect they were directed toward. RESULTS Of the 24 tools we identified, 12 contained items relevant to the evaluation of health utilities. Sixty-five items were considered relevant to the evaluation of quality, while 44 were relevant to the evaluation of applicability. Items were arranged into four domains: health state descriptions; selection and description of respondents; elicitation and measurement methods; and other considerations. CONCLUSION As key inputs to cost-utility analyses, health utilities have the potential to significantly impact estimates of cost-effectiveness. Existing tools contain only general items related to the conduct or use of health utility studies. There is a need to develop tools that systematically evaluate the methodological quality and applicability of health utility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zoratti
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Simon Pickard
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peep F M Stalmeier
- Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Ollendorf
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kelvin K W Chan
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Toronto, Canada
| | - Don Husereau
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John E Brazier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Murray Krahn
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell Levine
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Roudijk B, Donders ART, Stalmeier PFM. Cultural Values: Can They Explain Differences in Health Utilities between Countries? Med Decis Making 2019; 39:605-616. [PMID: 31257997 PMCID: PMC6791017 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x19841587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Health utilities are widely used in health care. The distributions of utilities differ between countries; some countries more often report worse than dead health states, while mild states are valued more or less the same. We hypothesize that cultural values explain these country-related utility differences. Research Question. What is the effect of sociodemographic background, methodological factors, and cultural values on differences in health utilities? Methods and Analyses. Time tradeoff data from 28 EQ-5D valuation studies were analyzed, together with their sociodemographic variables. The dependent variable was Δu, the utility difference between mild and severe states. Country-specific cultural variables were taken from the World Values Survey. Multilevel models were used to analyze the effect of sociodemographic background, methodology (3L v. 5L), and cultural values on Δu. Intraclass correlation (ICC) for country variation was used to assess the impact of the predicting variables on the variation between countries. Results. Substantial variation in Δu was found between countries. Adding cultural values did not reduce ICCs for country variation. Sociodemographic background variables were only weakly associated with Δu and did not affect the ICC. Δu was 0.118 smaller for EQ-5D-5L studies. Discussion. Δu varies between countries. These differences were not explained by national cultural values. In conclusion, despite correction for various variables, utility differences between countries remain substantial and unexplained. This justifies the use of country-specific value sets for instruments such as the EQ-5D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Roudijk
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - A Rogier T Donders
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - Peep F M Stalmeier
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
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Xie F, Zoratti M, Chan K, Husereau D, Krahn M, Levine O, Clifford T, Schunemann H, Guyatt G. Toward a Centralized, Systematic Approach to the Identification, Appraisal, and Use of Health State Utility Values for Reimbursement Decision Making: Introducing the Health Utility Book (HUB). Med Decis Making 2019; 39:370-378. [PMID: 30902030 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x19837969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cost-utility analysis (CUA) is a widely recommended form of health economic evaluation worldwide. The outcome measure in CUA is quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), which are calculated using health state utility values (HSUVs) and corresponding life-years. Therefore, HSUVs play a significant role in determining cost-effectiveness. Formal adoption and endorsement of CUAs by reimbursement authorities motivates methodological advancement in HSUV measurement and application. A large body of evidence exploring various methods in measuring HSUVs has accumulated, imposing challenges for investigators in identifying and applying HSUVs to CUAs. First, large variations in HSUVs between studies are often reported, and these may lead to different cost-effectiveness conclusions. Second, issues concerning the quality of studies that generate HSUVs are increasingly highlighted in the literature. This issue is compounded by the limited published guidance and methodological standards for assessing the quality of these studies. Third, reimbursement decision making is a context-specific process. Therefore, while an HSUV study may be of high quality, it is not necessarily appropriate for use in all reimbursement jurisdictions. To address these issues, by promoting a systematic approach to study identification, critical appraisal, and appropriate use, we are developing the Health Utility Book (HUB). The HUB consists of an HSUV registry, a quality assessment tool for health utility studies, and a checklist for interpreting their use in CUAs. We anticipate that the HUB will make a timely and important contribution to the rigorous conduct and proper use of health utility studies for reimbursement decision making. In this way, health care resource allocation informed by HSUVs may reflect the preferences of the public, improve health outcomes of patients, and maintain the efficiency of health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Program for Health Economics and Outcome Measures (PHENOM), Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Zoratti
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Don Husereau
- Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Murray Krahn
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oren Levine
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tammy Clifford
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holger Schunemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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Feeny D, Furlong W, Torrance GW. What were they thinking when providing preference measurements for generic health states? The evidence for HUI3. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:166. [PMID: 30111316 PMCID: PMC6094882 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-attribute generic preference-based measures of health-related quality of life are used as comprehensive outcome measures. Typically preferences for health states defined by these systems are elicited from a representative sample of the general population. An important element in that elicitation process is the information that respondents were instructed to consider in providing their responses. Methods A random sample of community-dwelling respondents in Canada was surveyed in face-to-face interviews. Respondents provided preference scores for selected Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) health states. Respondents also answered questions about the most important attributes and the importance of various impacts of the health states in providing their preference scores. Results Fifty per cent of respondents reported that they focussed on two, and 21% on three, attributes of the eight HUI3 attributes. Each of the eight attributes was identified as important; pain (49%), vision (37%), cognition (34%), emotion (28%), and ambulation (28%) were the most important. The null hypothesis that all of the attributes were equally important was rejected (p < 0.001). With respect to the impacts, 89% of respondents indicated that the ability to take care of oneself was quite or very important; similarly 76% reported the same for impact on family life, 69% for impact on the happiness of others, 61% for the impact on their ability to work, and 42% for the impact on their leisure activities. The null hypothesis that all of the impacts were equally important was rejected (p < 0.001). Conclusions In providing preference scores for HUI3 health states, respondents thoughtfully examined the implications of the health states for their ability to live, work, socialize, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feeny
- Department of Economics and Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Health Utilities Incorporated, Dundas, ON, Canada. .,Department of Economics, McMaster University, Kenneth Taylor Hall 426, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada.
| | - William Furlong
- Health Utilities Incorporated, Dundas, ON, Canada.,Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - George W Torrance
- Health Utilities Incorporated, Dundas, ON, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Bleeding out the quality-adjusted life years: evaluating the burden of primary dysmenorrhea using time trade-off and willingness-to-pay methods. Pain 2018; 158:2259-2267. [PMID: 28767507 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), or painful menstruation in the absence of identified uterine pathology, affects 5 to 9 in every 10 reproductive-aged women. Despite its high prevalence, just a few studies with very small patient numbers have focused on health-related quality of life impairment in PD. We aimed to assess health-related quality of life values for a severe and a mild hypothetical PD health state using 10-year time trade-off and willingness-to-pay methods. In 2015, a nationwide convenience sample of women, aged between 18 and 40 years, was recruited using an Internet-based cross-sectional survey in Hungary. Respondents with a known history of secondary dysmenorrhea were excluded. Data on 1836 and 160 women, with and without a history of PD, respectively, were analysed. Mean utility values for the severe and mild health states were 0.85 (median 0.95) and 0.94 (median 1), respectively. Participants were willing to pay a mean of &OV0556;1127 (median &OV0556;161) and &OV0556;142 (median &OV0556;16) for a complete cure from the severe and mild PD health states. Compared with the non-PD group, women with PD valued both health states worse according to willingness to pay (P < 0.05) but similar in the time trade-off. It seems that PD substantially contributes to the quality-adjusted life year loss in this age group, which is comparable with losses from chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes, asthma, atopic eczema, or chronic migraine. Our findings provide a useful input to cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of PD treatments.
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Regmi K, Kaphle D, Timilsina S, Tuha NAA. Application of Discrete-Choice Experiment Methods in Tobacco Control: A Systematic Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2018; 2:5-17. [PMID: 29464666 PMCID: PMC5820233 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-017-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic evidence relating to tobacco control is generally derived from the cost effectiveness of smoking-cessation programs or the economic impact of tobacco-induced disease, based on revealed-preference data. However, empirical estimates from stated-preference data on tobacco users' preferences, smoking behaviour and smoking cessation aids using analytical techniques such as discrete-choice experiments (DCEs) could be important for policy decision making in tobacco control. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to review the practice and utility of DCE methodology across nicotine- and tobacco-related issues, particularly smoking and smoking-cessation behaviour, anti-smoking policies and preferences for smoking-cessation aids. METHODS We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE and ECONLIT databases for full-text original research articles on tobacco-related issues published between January 2000 and April 2016 that used a DCE method. We summarised the evidence and methodological characteristics of DCEs according to Lancsar and Louviere, 2008. RESULTS Our review of the 12 eligible studies showed that DCE methodology was used to elicit smoker preferences and to evaluate tobacco-control policies. The majority of the studies were published in the last 5 years. The areas of application were smoking cessation, smoking behaviour, electronic cigarette use, water-pipe smoking and tobacco packaging. Monetary attributes were the most influential attributes in all studies. The design of the DCEs varied. CONCLUSION DCE studies of tobacco-related issues were methodologically consistent with guidelines proposed for conducting health-related DCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabindra Regmi
- Faculty of Health Science, PAPRSB Institute of Health Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
- Centre for Innovative Research in Public Health, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Dinesh Kaphle
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sabina Timilsina
- Centre for Innovative Research in Public Health, Pokhara, Nepal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Gedung PAU UGM, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Nik Annie Afiqah Tuha
- Faculty of Health Science, PAPRSB Institute of Health Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Péntek M, Brodszky V, Biró Z, Kölkedi Z, Dunai Á, Németh J, Baji P, Rencz F, Gulácsi L, Resch MD. Subjective health expectations of patients with age-related macular degeneration treated with antiVEGF drugs. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:233. [PMID: 29017463 PMCID: PMC5635533 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective expectations regarding future health may influence patients’ judgement of current health and treatment effects, as well as adherence to therapies in chronic diseases. We aimed to explore subjective expectations on longevity and future health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with antiVEGF injections and analyse the influencing factors. Methods Consecutive AMD patients in two ophthalmology centres were included. Demographics, clinical characteristics and informal care utilisation were recorded. Current health was evaluated by the EQ-5D generic health status questionnaire and time trade-off (TTO) methods. Happiness was measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjective life-expectancy and expected EQ-5D status at ages 70, 80 and 90 were surveyed. T-test was applied to compare subgroups and Pearson correlations were performed to analyse relationships between variables. Results One hundred twenty two patients were involved (females 62%) with a mean (SD) age of 75.2 (7.9) years and disease duration of 2.9 (2.5) years. The majority were in AREDS-4 state, the better eye’s ETDRS was 64.7 (15.4). EQ-5D and TTO revealed moderate deterioration of health (0.66 vs. 0.72, p = 0.131), happiness VAS was 6.3 (2.2). Correlation between EQ-5D and ETDRS was moderate (R = 0.242, p < 0.05) and having both versus one eye in AREDS-4 resulted lower TTO (0.68 vs. 0.83; p = 0.013). Subjective life-expectancy did not differ significantly from statistical life-expectancy and had no significant impact on TTO. The self-estimated mean EQ-5D score was 0.60, 0.40 and 0.24 for ages 70, 80 and 90 which is lower than the population norm of age-groups 65–74, 75–84 and 85+ (0.77, 0.63 and 0.63, respectively). Age, gender, current EQ-5D, need for informal care and happiness were deterministic factors of subjective health expectations. Conclusion AMD patients with antiVEGF treatment have comparable HRQOL as the age-matched general public but expect a more severe deterioration of health with age. Older patients with worse HRQOL have worse subjective expectations. Exploring patients’ health expectations provides an opportunity for ophthalmologists to correct misperceptions and improve the quality of AMD care. Further studies should provide evidences on the relationship between subjective expectations and actual health outcomes, and on its impact on patients’ AMD-specific health behaviour. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-017-0619-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Péntek
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary.
| | - Valentin Brodszky
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Biró
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pécs University of Sciences, Nyár u. 8, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kölkedi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pécs University of Sciences, Nyár u. 8, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dunai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Mária u. 39, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - János Németh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Mária u. 39, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Petra Baji
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary
| | - Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary.,Clinical Medicine Doctoral School, Semmelweis University Budapest, Ulloi u. 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - László Gulácsi
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary
| | - Miklós D Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Mária u. 39, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
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Campolina AG, Rozman LM, Decimoni TC, Leandro R, Novaes HMD, De Soárez PC. Many Miles to Go: A Systematic Review of the State of Cost-Utility Analyses in Brazil. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2017; 15:163-172. [PMID: 27798797 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-016-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the quality and quantity of cost-utility analyses (CUAs) in Brazil. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to provide a systematic review of published CUAs of healthcare technologies in Brazil. METHODS We performed a systematic review of economic evaluations studies published in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), NHS EED (National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database), HTA (Health Technology Assessment) Database, Web of Science, Scopus, Bireme (Biblioteca Regional de Medicina), BVS ECOS (Health Economics database of the Brazilian Virtual Library of Health), and SISREBRATS (Sistema de Informação da Rede Brasileira de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde [Brazilian Network for the Evaluation of Health Technologies]) from 1980 to 2013. Articles were included if they were CUAs according to the classification devised by Drummond et al. Two independent reviewers screened articles for relevance and carried out data extraction. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or through consultation with a third reviewer. We performed a qualitative narrative synthesis. RESULTS Of the 535 health economic evaluations (HEEs) relating to Brazil, only 40 were CUAs and therefore included in the analysis. Most studies adhered to methodological guidelines for quality of reporting and 77.5% used quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as the health outcome. Of these studies, 51.6% did not report the population used to elicit preferences for outcomes and 45.2% used a specific population such as expert opinion. The preference elicitation method was not reported in 58.1% of these studies. The majority (80.6%) of studies did not report the instrument used to derive health state valuations and no publication reported whether tariffs (or preference weights) were national or international. No study mentioned the methodology used to estimate QALYs. CONCLUSIONS Many published Brazilian cost-utility studies adhere to key recommended general methods for HEE; however, the use of QALY calculations is far from being the current international standard. Development of health preferences research can contribute to quality improvement of health technology assessment reports in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro G Campolina
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo (ICESP), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 251, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/CNPq), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Rozman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2 andar sala 2228, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Tassia C Decimoni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2 andar sala 2228, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Roseli Leandro
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2 andar sala 2228, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Hillegonda M D Novaes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2 andar sala 2228, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/CNPq), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Coelho De Soárez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2 andar sala 2228, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
- National Institute for Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/CNPq), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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van Loon Y, Stiggelbout AM, Hakkesteegt MM, Langeveld TPM, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Sjögren EV. Utility approach to decision-making in extended T1 and limited T2 glottic carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:779-785. [PMID: 28199035 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still undecided if endoscopic laser surgery or radiotherapy is the preferable treatment in extended T1 and limited T2 glottic tumors. Health utilities assessed from patients can aid in decision-making. METHODS Patients treated for extended T1 or limited T2 glottic carcinoma by laser surgery (n = 12) or radiotherapy (n = 14) assigned health utilities using a visual analog scale (VAS), time tradeoff (TTO) technique and scored their voice handicap using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). RESULTS VAS and TTO scores were slightly lower for the laser group compared to the radiotherapy group, however, not significantly so. The VHI showed a correlation with the VAS score, which was very low in both groups and can be considered (near) normal. CONCLUSION Patients show no clear preference for the outcomes of laser surgery or radiotherapy from a quality of life (QOL) or voice handicap point of view. These data can now be incorporated into decision-making models. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2017 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 779-785, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yda van Loon
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M Stiggelbout
- Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke M Hakkesteegt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton P M Langeveld
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth V Sjögren
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Rencz F, Brodszky V, Stalmeier PFM, Tamási B, Kárpáti S, Péntek M, Baji P, Mitev AZ, Gulácsi L. Valuation of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus health states: a convenience sample experiment. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:593-9. [PMID: 27062497 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pemphigus has been widely investigated; nevertheless, utility values for economic evaluations are still lacking. OBJECTIVES To estimate health utilities for hypothetical pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) health states in a general population sample. METHODS Three health states (uncontrolled PV, uncontrolled PF and controlled pemphigus) were developed based on a systematic literature review of HRQoL studies in pemphigus. Utilities were obtained from a convenience sample of 108 adults using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and 10-year time trade-off (TTO). Lead-time TTO was applied for health states regarded as worse than dead with a lead time to disease time ratio of 1 : 1. RESULTS The mean VAS utility scores for PV, PF and controlled pemphigus were 0·25 ± 0·15, 0·37 ± 0·17 and 0·63 ± 0·16, respectively. Corresponding TTO utilities were as follows: 0·34 ± 0·38, 0·51 ± 0·32 and 0·75 ± 0·31. Overall, 14% and 6% judged PV and PF as being worse than dead. For both VAS and TTO values, significant differences were observed between all health states (P < 0·001). VAS utilities were rated significantly lower compared with TTO in each health state (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that reports health utility values for PV and PF. Successful treatment of pemphigus might result in significant utility gain (0·24-0·41). These empirical findings with respect to three health states in pemphigus may serve as anchor points for further utility studies and cost-effectiveness analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rencz
- Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Pf. 2, H-1428, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Brodszky
- Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - P F M Stalmeier
- Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B Tamási
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Péntek
- Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Baji
- Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Z Mitev
- Departments of Marketing Research and Consumer Behaviour, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Gulácsi
- Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary
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Rencz F, Baji P, Gulácsi L, Kárpáti S, Péntek M, Poór AK, Brodszky V. Discrepancies between the Dermatology Life Quality Index and utility scores. Qual Life Res 2015; 25:1687-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Xie F, Pickard AS, Krabbe PFM, Revicki D, Viney R, Devlin N, Feeny D. A Checklist for Reporting Valuation Studies of Multi-Attribute Utility-Based Instruments (CREATE). PHARMACOECONOMICS 2015; 33:867-77. [PMID: 26026667 PMCID: PMC4519579 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-015-0292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-attribute utility-based instruments (MAUIs) assess health status and provide an index score on the full health-dead scale, and are widely used to support reimbursement decisions for new healthcare interventions worldwide. A valuation study is a key part of the development of MAUIs, with the primary goal of developing a scoring algorithm through eliciting societal preferences. We developed the 21-item Checklist for REporting VAluaTion StudiEs (CREATE) by following a modified two-round Delphi panel approach plus an email survey. CREATE is intended to promote good reporting practice as well as guiding developers to thoroughly and carefully think through key methodological elements in designing valuation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada,
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Health-Related Quality of Life. Health Technol Assess 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b18285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Sourcing quality-of-life weights obtained from previous studies: theory and reality in Korea. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 7:141-50. [PMID: 24578251 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-014-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality-of-life weights obtained in previous studies are frequently used in cost-utility analyses. The purpose of this study is to describe how the values obtained in previous studies are incorporated into the industry submissions requesting listing at the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI), focusing on the issues discussed in theoretical studies and national guidelines. METHODS The industry submissions requesting listing at the Korean NHI from January 2007 until December 2009 were evaluated by two independent researchers at the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Specifically, we observed the methods that were used to pool, predict joint health state utilities, and retain consistency within submissions in terms of the issues discussed in methodological research papers and recommendations from national guidelines. RESULTS More than half of the submissions used QALY as an outcome measure, and most of these submissions were sourced from prior studies. Heterogeneous methodologies were frequently used within a submission, with the inconsistent use of upper and lower anchors being prevalent. Assumptions behind measuring joint health state utilities or pooling multiple values for single health states were omitted in all submissions. Most national guidelines were rather vague regarding how to predict joint health states, how to select the best available value, how to maintain consistency within a submission, and how to generalize values obtained from prior studies. CONCLUSIONS Previously-generated values were commonly sourced, but this practice was frequently related to inconsistencies within and among submissions. Attention should be paid to the consistency and transparency of the value, especially if the value is sourced from prior studies.
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Health state utilities for migraine based on attack frequency: a time trade-off study. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:197-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Attema AE, Edelaar-Peeters Y, Versteegh MM, Stolk EA. Time trade-off: one methodology, different methods. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2013; 14 Suppl 1:S53-64. [PMID: 23900665 PMCID: PMC3728453 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-013-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is no scientific consensus on the optimal specification of the time trade-off (TTO) task. As a consequence, studies using TTO to value health states may share the core element of trading length of life for quality of life, but can differ considerably on many other elements. While this pluriformity in specifications advances the understanding of TTO from a methodological point of view, it also results in incomparable health state values. Health state values are applied in health technology assessments, and in that context comparability of information is desired. In this article, we discuss several alternative specifications of TTO presented in the literature. The defining elements of these specifications are identified as being either methodological, procedural or analytical in nature. Where possible, it is indicated how these elements affect health state values (i.e., upward or downward). Finally, a checklist for TTO studies is presented, which incorporates a list of choices to be made by researchers who wish to perform a TTO task. Such a checklist enables other researchers to align methodologies in order to enhance the comparability of health state values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Attema
- iBMG/iMTA, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Best JH, Garrison LP, Hollingworth W, Ramsey SD, Veenstra DL. Preference values associated with stage III colon cancer and adjuvant chemotherapy. Qual Life Res 2010; 19:391-400. [PMID: 20084462 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elicit preference values for health states associated with Stage III colon cancer (CRC) and to explore the effect of neuropathy associated with current adjuvant treatment. METHODS We used time trade-off (TTO) techniques to elicit preferences from 49 CRC patients and 49 community members. We elicited preferences for 7 health states: remission; adjuvant therapy with no, mild, moderate, and severe neuropathy; metastatic stable; and metastatic progressive disease. Mean TTO values were adjusted for the covariates age, education, and current health. RESULTS Patients' adjusted mean TTO value for remission was 0.83; adjuvant chemotherapy health states ranged from 0.48 to 0.61. Significant differences were observed for both patient and community groups between TTO for remission and all adjuvant health states (P < 0.001), and between adjuvant therapy with no neuropathy and metastatic health states (P < or = 0.001). Across all health states, patients' values were on average 0.12 higher than community members (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the trade-offs between the disutility of adjuvant treatment, the higher utility of remission, and the severe utility loss during metastatic disease. The preference values obtained from this study will be useful for informing patients' treatment decisions and payer cost-utility analyses of adjuvant treatment for colon cancer.
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Tilling C, Devlin N, Tsuchiya A, Buckingham K. Protocols for time tradeoff valuations of health states worse than dead: a literature review. Med Decis Making 2010; 30:610-9. [PMID: 20068144 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x09357475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time tradeoff (TTO) method of preference elicitation allows respondents to value a state as worse than dead, generally either through the Torrance protocol or the Measurement and Valuation of Health (MVH) protocol. Both of these protocols have significant weaknesses: Valuations for states worse than dead (SWD) are elicited through procedures different from those for states better than dead (SBD), and negative values can be extremely negative. PURPOSE To provide an account of the different TTO designs for SWD, to identify any alternatives to the MVH and Torrance approaches, and to consider the merits of the approaches identified. METHODS Medline was searched to identify all health state valuation studies employing TTO. The ways in which SWD were handled were recorded. Furthermore, to ensure that there are no unpublished but feasible TTO variants, the authors developed a theoretical framework for identifying all potential variants. RESULTS The search produced 593 hits, of which 218 were excluded. Of the remaining 375 articles, only 29 included protocols for SWD. Of these, 23 used the MVH protocol and 4 used the Torrance protocol. The other 2 used 1 protocol for SBD and SWD, one making use of lead time and the other using a 2-stage procedure with chaining. The systematic framework did not identify any alternatives to the Torrance and MVH protocols that were superior to the lead time approach. CONCLUSIONS Few studies elicit values for SWD. The lead time approach is a potential alternative to the Torrance and MVH protocols. Key words: QALY; states worse than dead; health state valuation; preference elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Tilling
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK.
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Khanna D, Kaplan RM, Eckman MH, Hays RD, Leonard AC, Ginsburg SS, Tsevat J. A randomized study of scleroderma health state values: a picture is worth a thousand words, and quite a few utiles. [corrected]. Med Decis Making 2008; 29:7-14. [PMID: 19015284 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x08322010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assigning utilities to hypothetical health states requires that the health states be described in adequate detail, but there is no agreement on exactly how health states should be described. We assess utilities from the general public for health states common in scleroderma (SSc) by describing the health states in writing alone v. with photographs of patients with SSc. METHODS Subjects rated several SSc health states on a 0 to 100 rating scale (RS) and completed computer-assisted time tradeoff (TTO; range, 0.0-1.0) and standard gamble (SG; range, 0.0-1.0) assessments. Half of the subjects were assigned to be shown photographs of patients with SSc health states in addition to written health state descriptions, whereas the other half were given only the written descriptions. RESULTS Of the 213 participants, 133 (62%) were female, 138 (65%) were Caucasian, and 62 (29%) were African American. Median RS, TTO, and SG scores for 5 SSc health states ranged from 20 to 70, 0.28 to 0.94, and 0.50 to 0.90, respectively. In bivariate analyses, showing pictures was associated with lower RS scores for 2 of 5 health states and lower SG values for all 5 health states (P < 0:05 for comparison of pictures v. no pictures), but with no difference in TTO values. Multivariable analyses revealed negative associations between pictures and SG valuations for the 3 most severe SSc health states (R(2) range, 0.04-0.08). CONCLUSION Adding pictures of people with SSc to written health state descriptions can affect valuations of SSc health states, although the effect differs by valuation measurement method and by health state severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Doctor JN, Bleichrodt H, Lin HJ. Health Utility Bias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic Evaluation. Med Decis Making 2008; 30:58-67. [DOI: 10.1177/0272989x07312478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. A common assertion is that rating scale (RS) values are lower than both standard gamble (SG) and time tradeoff (TTO) values. However, differences among these methods may be due to method specific bias. Although SG and TTOs suffer systematic bias, RS responses are known to depend on the range and frequency of other health states being evaluated. Over many diverse studies this effect is predicted to diminish. Thus, a systematic review and data synthesis of RS-TTO and RS-SG difference scores may better reveal persistent dissimilarities. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to establish through systematic review and meta-analysis the net effect of biases that endure over many studies of utilities. Methods. A total of 2206 RS and TTO and 1318 RS and SG respondents in 27 studies of utilities participated. MEDLINE was searched for data from 1976 to 2004, complemented by a hand search of full-length articles and conference abstracts for 9 journals known to publish utility studies, as well as review of results and additional recommendations by 5 outside experts in the field. Two investigators abstracted the articles. We contacted the investigators of the original if required information was not available. Results. No significant effect for RS and TTO difference scores was observed: effect size (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.04 (−0.02, 0.09). In contrast, RS scores were significantly lower than SG scores: effect size (95% CI ) =−0.23 (−0.28, −0.19). Correcting SG scores for 3 known biases (loss aversion, framing, and probability weighting) eliminated differences between RS and SG scores: effect size (95% CI ) = 0.01 (−0.03, 0.05). Systematic bias in the RS method may exist but be heretofore unknown. Bias correction formulas were applied to mean not individual utilities. Conclusions. The results of this study do not support the common view that RS values are lower than TTO values, may suggest that TTO biases largely cancel, and support the validity of formulas for correcting SG bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N. Doctor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
| | - Han Bleichrodt
- Department of Economics and iMTA/iBMG, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Jill Lin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gout is a chronic painful inflammatory arthritis. Data regarding the impact of gout on health-related quality of life, however, are limited. METHODS We interviewed patients with chronic stable gout. Health status was measured by using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS) and physical component summary (MCS) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Direct preference-based measures included a health rating scale (RS), the time tradeoff (TTO), and standard gamble (SG) for one's current health state with gout and current health state without gout; indirect preference-based measures included the SF-6D and the EQ-5D. Disutilities for gout were assessed by subtracting preference scores for current health states with gout from those for current health without gout and were compared between patients ranking gout as their top health concern versus the rest of the patients. RESULTS Of the 80 interviewees, 72 (90%) were male, 55 (69%) were Caucasian, and the mean (SD) age was 60 (11) years. The mean SF-36 PCS and MCS scores were 38.9 and 48.6, respectively. The mean (SD) SF-6D score was 0.68 (0.13) and the mean (SD) EQ-5D score was 0.73 (0.23). The mean (SD) RS disutility for gout was 0.05 (0.12), the mean TTO disutility was 0.03 (0.12), and the mean SG disutility was 0.02 (0.11). The RS disutilities of subject patients who ranked gout as their top concern (n = 17) trended towards being statistically significantly larger than those of the remaining patients, P = 0.06 but their TTO and SG disutilities were similar to those of the remaining patients. CONCLUSION Although physical functioning of patients with gout is often compromised, patients with chronic stable gout do not assign a large disutility to gout per se. Still, patients who rank their gout as their top health concern tend to assign greater RS disutility to gout than do other patients.
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Bonomi AE, Boudreau DM, Fishman PA, Ludman E, Mohelnitzky A, Cannon EA, Seger D. Quality of life valuations of mammography screening. Qual Life Res 2008; 17:801-14. [PMID: 18491217 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-008-9353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain quality-of-life (QOL) valuations associated with mammography screening and breast cancer treatment that are suitable for use in cost-effectiveness analyses. METHODS Subjects comprised 131 women (age range 50-79 years) randomly sampled from a breast cancer screening program. In an in-person or telephone interview, women rated the QOL impact of 14 clinical scenarios (ranging from mammography to end-of-life care for breast cancer) using a visual analogue scale anchored by death (0) and perfect health/quality of life (100). RESULTS Women rated the scenarios describing true negative results, false positive results, and routine screening mammography at 80 or above on a scale of 0-100, suggesting that they perceive these states as being close to perfect health. They rated adjuvant chemotherapy (39.7; range 10-90), palliation/end-of-life care (35.8; range 0-100), and recurrence at 1 year (33.0; range 0-95) the lowest, suggesting that these health states are perceived as compromised. Women rated receiving news of a breast cancer diagnosis (true positive) (45.7; range 5-100) and receiving delayed news of a breast cancer diagnosis (false negative) (48.5; range 5-100) as being comparable to undergoing mastectomy (48.3; range 10-100) and radiation therapy (46.2; range 5-100) for breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data can be used to update cost analyses of mammography screening that wish to take into account the QOL impact of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Bonomi
- Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University, 135 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Stiggelbout AM, de Vogel-Voogt E. Health state utilities: a framework for studying the gap between the imagined and the real. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2008; 11:76-87. [PMID: 18237362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health state utilities play an important role in decision analysis and cost-utility analysis. The question whose utilities to use at various levels of health-care decision-making has been subject of considerable debate. The observation that patients often value their own health, but also other health states, higher than members of the general public raises the question what underlies such differences? Is it an artifact of the valuation methods? Is it adaptation versus poor anticipated adaptation? This article describes a framework for the understanding and study of potential mechanisms that play a role in health state valuation. It aims at connecting research from within different fields so that cross-fertilization of ideas may occur. METHODS The framework is based on stimulus response models from social judgment theory. For each phase, from stimulus, through information interpretation and integration, to judgment, and, finally, to response, we provide evidence of factors and processes that may lead to different utilities in patients and healthy subjects. RESULTS Examples of factors and processes described are the lack of scope of scenarios in the stimulus phase, and appraisal processes and framing effects in the information interpretation phase. Factors that play a role in the judgment phase are, for example, heuristics and biases, adaptation, and comparison processes. Some mechanisms related to the response phase are end aversion bias, probability distortion, and noncompensatory decision-making. CONCLUSIONS The framework serves to explain many of the differences in valuations between respondent groups. We discuss some of the findings as they relate to the field of response shift research. We propose issues for discussion in the field, and suggestions for improvement of the process of utility assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Stiggelbout
- Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Khanna D, Ahmed M, Furst DE, Ginsburg SS, Park GS, Hornung R, Tsevat J. Health values of patients with systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 57:86-93. [PMID: 17266070 DOI: 10.1002/art.22465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess health values in subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and determine variability explained by demographics, clinical factors, health status, and disease severity. METHODS We interviewed 107 individuals with SSc who attended national and local Scleroderma Foundation meetings in 2005. Health status was measured using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS; range 0-100) and Mental Component Summary (MCS; range 0-100), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; range 0-60), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI; range 0-3). Disease severity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS; range 0-150). Health value measures included the 0-100 health rating scale (RS), standard gamble (SG; range 0.0-1.0), and time trade-off (TTO; range 0.0-1.0). We performed univariate analyses to compare scores between participants with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), and multivariable analyses for 3 outcome measures: RS, SG, and TTO, controlling for demographics, type of SSc, health status, and disease severity. RESULTS Of the 107 participants, 48 had dcSSc and 59 had lcSSc. Ninety-seven were women and 83 were white. The median scores for the PCS, MCS, and HAQ DI were 36.9, 45.5, and 0.9, respectively. Fifty-five subjects had significant depressive symptoms (CES-D score >or=16). The median RS, SG, and TTO scores were 62, 0.83 (indicating a willingness to accept up to a 17% risk of immediate death in exchange for perfect health), and 0.88 (indicating a willingness to give up a median of 12% of life expectancy in exchange for perfect health), respectively. Subjects with dcSSc had lower RS scores but higher SG scores (corresponding to a willingness to accept only a smaller risk of death) than subjects with lcSSc. TTO scores were similar in the 2 groups. Health values were variably related to factors such as demographics, VAS score, disease classification, and SF-36 PCS and MCS scores (R(2) = 0.22, 0.23, and 0.66 for the SG, TTO, and RS models, respectively). CONCLUSION Individuals with dcSSc have lower health ratings but higher SG health values than individuals with lcSSc. These findings have implications for decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Khanna
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Institute for the Study of Health, University of Cincinnati, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Schwappach DLB, Boluarte TA. HEE-GER: a systematic review of German economic evaluations of health care published 1990-2004. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7:7. [PMID: 17222334 PMCID: PMC1781069 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies published in non-English languages are systematically missing in systematic reviews of growth and quality of economic evaluations of health care. The aims of this study were: to characterize German evaluations, published in English or German-language, in terms of various key parameters; to investigate methods to derive quality-of-life weights in cost-utility studies; and to examine changes in study characteristics over the years. Methods We conducted a country-specific systematic review of the German and English-language literature of German economic evaluations (assessment of or application to the German health care system) published 1990–2004. Generic and specialized health economic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers verified fulfillment of inclusion criteria and extracted study characteristics. Results The fulltexts of 730 articles were reviewed of which 283 fulfilled all entry criteria. 32% of included studies were published in German-language. 51% of studies evaluated pharmaceuticals and 63% were cost-effectiveness analyses. Economic appraisals concentrate on few disease categories and important health areas are strongly underrepresented. Declaration of sponsorship was associated with article language (49% English articles vs. 29% German articles, p < 0.001). The methodology used to obtain quality-of-life weights in published cost-utility studies was very diverse, poorly reported and most studies did not use German patients' or community health state valuations. Conclusion Many of the German-language evaluations included in our study are likely to be missing in international reviews and may be systematically different from English-language reviews from Germany. Lack of transparency and adherence to recommended reporting practices constitute a serious problem in German economic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David LB Schwappach
- Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, Konradrstrasse 32, 8031 Zurich, Switzerland
- Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University Witten-Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Till A Boluarte
- Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University Witten-Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Prosser LA, Hammitt JK, Keren R. Measuring health preferences for use in cost-utility and cost-benefit analyses of interventions in children: theoretical and methodological considerations. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2007; 25:713-26. [PMID: 17803331 DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200725090-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Valuing the health of children for cost-utility or cost-benefit analysis poses a number of additional challenges when compared with valuing adult health. Some of these challenges relate to the inability of young children to value changes in health directly and the potential biases associated with using proxy respondents. Other challenges arise from children not being able to perform as independent economic actors, but dependent on others for care and decision making. In addition, illness in children may affect parent/caregiver quality of life, further complicating the measurement of value associated with a change in a child's health status. We review the most common approaches (QALYs and willingness-to-pay values) for valuing health in economic evaluations and consider the methodological and practical issues associated with measuring child health using each framework. Recommendations for advancing the field of valuing child health for economic evaluations will vary by age; a 'one size fits all' approach does not readily fit. Although limitations exist for all of the methods considered for valuing child health, the currently recommended approach for infants and preschoolers is direct valuation by a proxy respondent. For school-age children and adolescents, existing multi-attribute instruments can be applied in some situations but direct valuation may be required for others. Future research should focus on minimising bias from proxy respondents, consideration of a family- or household-based approach to valuing health effects, and development of generic instruments with domains that are appropriate to children and that vary with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Prosser
- Center for Child Health Care Studies, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Stein K, Sugar C, Velikova G, Stark D. Putting the ‘Q’ in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for advanced ovarian cancer – An approach using data clustering methods and the internet. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:104-13. [PMID: 17095206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are few clearly described utility studies in advanced ovarian cancer, despite the public health importance of condition and the need for preference based measures of quality of life in economic evaluation of the new treatments. We used data clustering techniques to develop health state descriptions based on data from 66 women who completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 over a six month period while receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. The health state descriptions were presented to a group of members of the general public (n=38), via the internet, and preferences elicited using the standard gamble technique. Mean utility values ranged from 0.685 to 0.977, although the range of individual preferences was wider, including values as low as 0.125. This is the first study to use data clustering methods combined with internet preference elicitation in oncology. The resulting health state model is parsimonious, data driven, and incorporates quality of life items tailored to cancer. The estimates therefore meet the needs of policy makers while reflecting more accurately the experience of disease than those based on generic preference measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Stein
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Noy Scott House, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, United Kingdom.
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Gerson LB, Ullah N, Hastie T, Goldstein MK. Does cancer risk affect health-related quality of life in patients with Barrett's esophagus? Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 65:16-25. [PMID: 17185075 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2006.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life is decreased in patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus (BE). OBJECTIVE To determine whether time-tradeoff (TTO) values would differ in patients with BE when patients were asked to trade away the potential risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma rather than chronic heartburn symptoms. DESIGN A prospective clinical trial. PATIENTS Subjects with biopsy-proven BE. INTERVENTIONS Custom-designed computer program to elicit health-state utility values, quality of life in reflux and dyspepsia (QOLRAD), and Medical Outcomes Survey short form-36 surveys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS TTO utility values for the annual cancer-risk-associated current health state and for hypothetical scenarios of dysplasia and esophageal cancer. RESULTS We studied 60 patients in the cancer-risk cohort (57 men, 92% veteran; mean age [standard deviation; SD], 65 years [11 years], mean GERD duration 17 years [12 years]). The heartburn cohort included 40 patients with GERD and BE with TTO values derived for GERD symptoms. The mean (SD) utility for nondysplastic BE was 0.91 (0.13) compared with 0.90 (0.12) for the heartburn cohort (P = .7). The mean utility values were significantly lower for scenarios of low-grade dysplasia (0.85 [0.12], P = .02) and high-grade dysplasia (0.77 [0.14], P < .005). The mean TTO was 0.67 (0.19) for the scenario of esophageal cancer. There was no correlation between the utility scores and the disease-specific survey scores. LIMITATIONS TTO values were hypothetical for states of dysplasia and cancer. CONCLUSIONS TTO utility values based on heartburn symptoms or annual risk of cancer in patients with nondysplastic BE are roughly equivalent. However, TTO utility values are significantly lower for health states with increasing cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5202, USA
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Mrus JM, Leonard AC, Yi MS, Sherman SN, Fultz SL, Justice AC, Tsevat J. Health-related quality of life in veterans and nonveterans with HIV/AIDS. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21 Suppl 5:S39-47. [PMID: 17083499 PMCID: PMC1924783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between patients receiving care in Veterans Administration (VA) settings (veterans) and non-VA settings (nonveterans), and to explore determinants of HRQoL and change in HRQoL over time in subjects living with HIV/AIDS. SUBJECTS One hundred veterans and 350 nonveterans with HIV/AIDS from 2 VA and 2 university-based sites in 3 cities interviewed in 2002 to 2003 and again 12 to 18 months later. METHODS We assessed health status (functional status and symptom bother), health ratings, and health values (time tradeoff [TTO] and standard gamble [SG] utilities). We also explored bivariate and multivariable associations of HRQoL measures with a number of demographic, clinical, spiritual/religious, and psychosocial characteristics. RESULTS Compared with nonveterans, the veteran population was older (47.7 vs 42.0 years) and consisted of a higher proportion of males (97% vs 83%), of participants with a history of injection drug use (23% vs 15%), and of subjects with unstable housing situations (14% vs 6%; P<.05 for all comparisons). On scales ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), veterans reported significantly poorer overall function (mean [SD]; 65.9 [17.2] vs 71.9 [16.8]); lower rating scale scores (67.6 [21.7] vs 73.5 [21.0]), lower TTO values (75.7 [37.4] vs 89.0 [23.2]), and lower SG values (75.0 [35.8] vs 83.2 [28.3]) than nonveterans (P<.05 for all comparisons); however, in multivariable models, veteran status was only a significant determinant of SG and TTO values at baseline. Among other determinants that were associated with multiple HRQoL outcomes in baseline and follow-up multivariable analyses were: symptom bother, overall function, religiosity/spirituality, depressive symptoms, and financial worries. CONCLUSIONS Veterans reported significantly poorer HRQoL than nonveterans, but when controlling for other factors, veteran status was only a significant determinant of TTO and SG health values at baseline. Correlates of HRQoL such as symptom bother, spirituality/religiosity, and depressive symptoms could be fruitful potential targets for interventions to improve HRQoL in patients with HIV/AIDS.
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Shaheen R, Lindholm L. Quality of life among pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency in rural Bangladesh. Health Policy 2006; 78:128-34. [PMID: 16388875 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life scores of health conditions are needed for measuring quality adjusted life years (QALY), the most common outcome measure in cost-utility analysis. To measure QALY scores we used EQ-5D and a visual analogue scales (VIS). EQ-5D is a standardised instrument for measuring quality of life using five dimensions applicable to a wide range of health conditions. VAS had the endpoints "full health" and "death". We assessed the scores for chronic energy deficiency (CED) characterised by low body mass index (BMI<18.5), a condition highly prevalent among rural Bangladeshi women. EuroQol (EQ)-5D and VAS were used to measure when the condition was worst and VAS measured the current health status. We interviewed 285 pregnant and postpartum women, with 236 (83%) having complete information. Mean scores for CED when perceived to be most severe were 0.30 (EQ-5D, interquartile range -0.02 to 0.52) and 0.27 (visual analogue scale, interquartile range 0.12-0.39) in scales with scores ranging from -0.54 to 1.00 and from 0 to 1.00, respectively. The mean score for current health status derived from the visual analogue scale was 0.49 (95% CI for mean 0.45-0.52) in a scale with scores ranging from 0 to 1.00. Rural Bangladeshi women attached very low quality of life scores to CED. The scores are comparable to scores attached to severe debilitating conditions like cancer in western countries. If considered in the global perspective, prevention of chronic energy deficiency among women in developing countries should be given high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Shaheen
- Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Schünemann HJ, Goldstein R, Mador MJ, McKim D, Stahl E, Griffith LE, Bayoumi AM, Austin P, Guyatt GH. Do Clinical Marker States Improve Responsiveness and Construct Validity of the Standard Gamble and Feeling Thermometer: A Randomized Multi-Center Trial in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease. Qual Life Res 2006; 15:1-14. [PMID: 16411026 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-005-0126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimizing the validity and responsiveness of utility measures will enhance their usefulness in randomized trials. We evaluated the impact of clinical marker state (CMS) rating prior to patients' rating their own health on two utility instruments (feeling thermometer (FT) and standard gamble (SG)) in patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD). METHODS We randomized 182 patients with CRD to complete the FT (self-administered) and SG with CMS (FT+/SG+, n=91) or without marker states (FT-/SG-, n=91) before and after undergoing respiratory rehabilitation in a multi-center trial. RESULTS Use of CMS did not influence baseline utility scores. Improvement after therapy on the scale from 0 (dead) to 1.0 (full health) was 0.04 both in FT+ (p=0.03) and FT- (p=0.02; the difference between FT+ and FT- was 0.00, p=0.83). Improvement on the SG was 0.05 in both SG+ (p=0.08) and SG- (p=0.04; difference between SG+ and SG- 0.00, p=0.95). Correlations with other health related quality of life scores were highest for FT+. CONCLUSION Administration of CMS did not improve responsiveness of the FT but may have improved construct validity. The SG showed limited construct validity and responsiveness that was not influenced by CMS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger J Schünemann
- Division of Clinical Research Development and INFORMAtion Translation/INFROMA, Italian National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy.
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Luo N, Johnson JA, Shaw JW, Feeny D, Coons SJ. Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index. Med Care 2005; 43:1078-86. [PMID: 16224300 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000182493.57090.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population using 3 multi-attribute preference-based measures: the EQ-5D, Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2), and Mark 3 (HUI3). METHODS We surveyed the general adult U.S. population using a probability sample with oversampling of Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks. Respondents to this home-visit survey self-completed the EQ-5D and HUI2/3 questionnaires. Overall health index scores of the target population and selected subgroups were estimated and construct validity of these measures was assessed by testing a priori hypotheses. RESULTS Completed questionnaires were collected from 4048 respondents (response rate: 59.4%). The majority of the respondents were women (52.0%); the mean age of the sample was 45 years, with 14.8% being 65 or older. Index scores (standard errors) for the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D, HUI2, and HUI3 were 0.87 (0.01), 0.86 (0.01), and 0.81 (0.01), respectively. Generally, younger, male and Hispanic or non-Hispanic black adults had higher (better) index scores than older, female and other racial/ethnic adults; index scores were higher with higher educational attainment and household income. The 3 overall preference indices were strongly correlated (Pearson's r: 0.67-0.87), but systematically different, with intraclass correlation coefficients between these indices ranging from 0.59 to 0.77. CONCLUSIONS This study provides U.S. population norms for self-reported health status on the EQ-5D, HUI2, and HUI3. Although these measures appeared to be valid and demonstrated similarities, health status assessed by these measures is not exactly the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- QualityMetric Incorporated, Lincoln, RI, USA
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Havranek EP, Simon TA, L'Italien G, Smitten A, Hauber AB, Chen R, Lapuerta P. The relationship between health perception and utility in heart failure patients in a clinical trial: results from an OVERTURE substudy. J Card Fail 2005; 10:339-43. [PMID: 15309702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2003.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cost-effectiveness analyses should be based on incremental years of life gained adjusted with a health status measure known as a utility. Measuring utilities for all subjects in a large-scale randomized trial, however, would be prohibitively cumbersome. We therefore sought to estimate utilities for all subjects from results obtained in a subset of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a subset of patients enrolled in a randomized trial of omapatrilat for the treatment of heart failure. Survey instruments (a time trade-off questionnaire, a visual analog scale [VAS] score of overall health perception, and the Duke Activity Status Index [DASI]) were administered to patients by mail and by telephone interviews. There was a significant (P <.0001) relationship between VAS score and utility described by the power function u=1-(1-v)q, where q=2.17 (95% CI 1.76 to 2.58). There was a significant positive correlation (r=.17, P <.04) between the DASI and utility, and a significant negative correlation (r=-.26, P <.001) between utility and New York Heart Association functional class. CONCLUSION There is a significant relationship between the relatively easily obtainable health perception score by VAS with the more complex utility by time tradeoff for a subset of patients in a multicenter randomized clinical trial. This relationship may be helpful in examining the cost-effectiveness of new treatments for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Havranek
- Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80204-4507, USA
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Bravata DM, Nelson LM, Garber AM, Goldstein MK. Invariance and inconsistency in utility ratings. Med Decis Making 2005; 25:158-67. [PMID: 15800300 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x05275399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess utilities of composite health states for dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) for invariance (i.e., when subjects provide a utility of 1 for all health states) and order inconsistency (i.e., when subjects order their utilities such that their utility for a combination of ADL dependencies is greater than their utility for any subset of the combination). METHODS Each of the 400 subjects, age 65 y and older, enrolled in one of several regional medical centers of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California and provided standard-gamble utilities for single ADL dependencies (e.g., bathing, dressing, continence) and for dependence in 8 other combinations of ADL dependencies. For order-inconsistent responses, the authors calculated the maximum magnitude of inconsistency as the maximum difference between the utility for the combined ADL dependence health state and that of its inconsistent subset. RESULTS A total of 76 subjects (19%) gave a utility of 1.0 for all health states presented to them; 19 (5%) gave the same utility other than 1.0 for all health states; 130 (33%) gave at least 1 utility < 1.0 and had no order inconsistencies; and 175 (44%) had at least 1 order inconsistency. Invariance was associated with a Mini-Mental Status Examination score < 28.6 (P = 0.01), with education < 12 y (P = 0.004), with race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White/Caucasian (P = 0.001), and with shorter time spent on the utility elicitation task (P < 0.0001). Among the inconsistent subjects, 69% had a maximal magnitude of inconsistency that was within 1 standard deviation of the mean utilities. The maximal magnitude of inconsistency was associated with longer time spent on the elicitation task (P < 0.0001) and race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White/Caucasian (P = 0.005). The mean (s) utility for dependence in continence among consistent subjects who were not invariant (0.88 [0.24]) was higher than among inconsistent subjects (0.80 [0.27]; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Invariance and order inconsistencies in utility ratings for complex health states occur frequently. Utilities of consistent subjects may differ from those of inconsistent subjects. Utility assessments should attempt to measure and report these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena M Bravata
- Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, USA.
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Elnitsky CA, Stone P. Patient preferences and cost-utility analysis. Appl Nurs Res 2005; 18:74-6. [PMID: 15991103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This column discusses patient preference measures and their application in cost utility analysis. A variety of methods of eliciting patient preferences by use of generic utility measures are described. Practical issues in the use of utility measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Elnitsky
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development Service, Washington, DC 20242, USA.
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Lai KC, Provenzale JM, Delong D, Mukundan S. Assessing patient utilities for varying degrees of low back pain. Acad Radiol 2005; 12:467-74. [PMID: 15831420 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2004.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We sought to quantify patient preferences for mild, moderate, and severe low back pain via time-tradeoff analysis and utility measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one patients being treated for low back pain in a tertiary care teaching hospital participated in the study. Patients were asked to decide which of three health states they were currently experiencing as well as which of the three health states was the worst experienced during their lifetime. A time-tradeoff analysis was performed, during which patients were asked the amount of time in each of the health states they would exchange for complete resolution of symptoms. We correlated (1) subjects' current health state with reported utility and (2) degree of previous low back pain with results of time-tradeoff measurements. RESULTS All patients were willing to trade a greater number of life-years for resolution of symptoms given a more severe perceived health state. Utility decreased as severity of back pain scenarios increased, with an average utility of 0.93 +/- 0.11 for mild, 0.65 +/- 0.21 for moderate, and 0.18 +/- 0.17 for severe pain. No significant difference in time-tradeoff among subjects was identified based upon current health state on the day of interview. A statistically significant difference was seen in patients' willingness to trade time among those who had actually experienced severe pain versus those who had not. Kendall's correlation revealed that subjects who had experienced severe back pain exhibited significantly lower utilities (P < 0.01) compared with subjects who had never experienced severe pain. CONCLUSIONS As expected, patients with severe low back pain were willing to sacrifice more potential years of life for resolution of symptoms, suggesting time-tradeoff can accurately reflect patient utility. 2. However, we found no correlation between a subject's current health state and reported utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny C Lai
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Johnson JA, Luo N, Shaw JW, Kind P, Coons SJ. Valuations of EQ-5D health states: are the United States and United Kingdom different? Med Care 2005; 43:221-8. [PMID: 15725978 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-200503000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to compare directly elicited valuations for EQ-5D health states between the US and UK general adult populations. METHODS We analyzed data from 2 EQ-5D valuation studies where, using similar time trade-off protocols, values for 42 common health states were elicited from representative samples of the US and UK general adult populations. First, US and UK population mean valuations were estimated and compared for each health state. Second, random-effect models were used to compare the US and UK valuations while adjusting for known predictors of EQ-5D valuations (ie, age, sex, health state descriptors) and to investigate whether and how the valuations differ. RESULTS Population mean valuations of the 42 health states ranged from -0.38 to 0.88 for the United States and from -0.54 to 0.88 for the United Kingdom, with the US mean scores being numerically higher than the UK for 39 health states (mean difference: 0.11; range: -0.01 to 0.25). After adjusting for the main effects of known predictors, the average difference in valuations was 0.10 (P < 0.001). The magnitude of the difference in the US and UK valuations was not constant across EQ-5D health states; greater differences in valuations were present in health states characterized by extreme problems. CONCLUSIONS Meaningful differences exist in directly elicited TTO valuations of EQ-5D health states between the US and UK general populations. Therefore, EQ-5D index scores generated using valuations from the US general population should be used for studies aiming to reflect health state preferences of the US general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Johnson
- Institute of Health Economics and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Gerson LB, Ullah N, Hastie T, Triadafilopoulos G, Goldstein M. Patient-derived health state utilities for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:524-33. [PMID: 15743346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease that adversely affects health-related quality of life. The purpose of this study was to derive health state utilities for patients with chronic heartburn symptoms. METHODS We used a custom-designed computer program in order to elicit utilities with the time-tradeoff and standard-gamble techniques. Patients with chronic (more than 6 months) symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease entered the study. Two interviews were performed in random sequence either initially on medications for heartburn that adequately controlled symptoms, or off of medications for 1 wk while the patient was symptomatic. We also collected data using visual-analog scales, quality of life in reflux and dyspepsia (QOLRAD), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores. RESULTS We invited 222 patients to participate; 158 (71%) patients (129 men, 29 women) completed the study. Barrett's esophagus was present in 40 (25%), erosive disease in 17 (11%), and 118 (74%) had comorbid conditions. The mean (+/-SD) utility ratings were 0.94 +/- 0.09 on medical therapy and 0.90 +/- 0.12 off medications for patients with reflux alone using time tradeoff (p= 0.004), and 0.94 +/- 8.0 both on and off of antireflux medications with standard-gamble assessment (p= 0.96). Mean time-tradeoff scores were also significantly lower off of medications for patients with other comorbid conditions (p= 0.002). There was no significant difference between mean utility scores for patients with or without Barrett's esophagus or erosive disease. CONCLUSION Gastroesophageal reflux disease adversely affects health-related quality of life. Time-tradeoff utility for patients with reflux disease is substantially higher when patients are on medication than off medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Shafazand S, Goldstein MK, Doyle RL, Hlatky MA, Gould MK. Health-related quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2005; 126:1452-9. [PMID: 15539712 DOI: 10.1378/chest.126.5.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) often present with dyspnea and severe functional limitations, but their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been studied extensively. This study describes HRQOL in a cohort of patients with PAH. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A tertiary care, university hospital-based, pulmonary hypertension (PH) clinic. PARTICIPANTS We studied HRQOL in 53 patients with PAH (mean age, 47 years; median duration of disease, 559 days). Eighty-three percent were women, 53% received epoprostenol, and 72% reported moderate-to-severe functional limitations with a New York Heart Association class 3 or 4 at enrollment. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We examined HRQOL by administering the Nottingham Health Profile, Congestive Heart Failure Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We used the Visual Analog Scale and standard gamble (SG) techniques to measure preferences for current health (utilities). Compared with population norms, participants reported moderate-to-severe impairment in multiple domains of HRQOL, including physical mobility, emotional reaction, pain, energy, sleep, and social isolation. Mean SG utilities were 0.71, suggesting that, on average, participants were willing to accept a 29% risk of death in order to be cured of PH. CONCLUSIONS PAH is a devastating condition that affects predominately young women in the prime of their life. Understanding HRQOL and preferences are important in the care and management of these patients. Compared with population norms, patients with PAH have substantial functional and emotional limitations that adversely affect their HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shafazand
- The George Washington University, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Stein K, Fry A, Round A, Milne R, Brazier J. What value health?: A review of health state values used in early technology assessments for NICE. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2005; 4:219-28. [PMID: 16466273 DOI: 10.2165/00148365-200504040-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to review the methods used to obtain quality-of-life (utility) weights reported in assessments carried out for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).The design of the review was a cross-sectional survey. Health technology assessment (HTA) reports published on the NICE website up to May 2003 were reviewed. Data were extracted on the following: the approach to utility estimation (direct or indirect), how health states were described for indirect estimation, valuation techniques used (standard gamble [SG], time trade-off [TTO], visual analogue scale [VAS], etc.), whether uncertainty in utility estimates was explored in cost-utility analyses, and whether utility values were identified as a priority for further research by assessment authors.Fifty-six assessments were reviewed, of which 28 reported 45 cost-utility analyses. There was striking variation in the values used to describe different health states. Data from patients were used in 15 (33%) analyses, from the general public in 10 (22%) and from clinicians in 4 (9%). In 16 (36%) cases, the source for utility estimates was unclear. Health states were described using a range of generic and disease-specific measures, although the EQ-5D was used most frequently. In 25 analyses (56%), the valuation technique used was not reported. TTO was used in 11 (24%), SG in 3 (7%), magnitude estimation in 5 (11%) and VAS in 1 (2%). Sensitivity analyses based on utility values were reported in 25 cases (56%), more commonly in reports of analyses carried out by independent teams than technology sponsors although this may be subject to reporting bias. Further research into quality of life was recommended in 17 (61%) of the 28 assessment reports that contained at least one cost-utility analysis. Greater transparency and consistency are required in reporting the methods used to obtain quality-of-life weights in cost-utility analyses, and better sources of data are required. Methodological variation results in important differences in values. Therefore, caution must be exercised when comparing the results of different cost-utility analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Stein
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group, Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, Exeter, England.
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Arnesen T, Trommald M. Are QALYs based on time trade-off comparable?--A systematic review of TTO methodologies. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2005; 14:39-53. [PMID: 15386674 DOI: 10.1002/hec.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of methods is used to elicit quality-of-life weights of different health states to generate 'Quality-adjusted life years' (QALYs). The comparability between different types of health outcomes at a numerical level is the main advantage of using a 'common currency for health' such as the QALY. It has been warned that results of different methods and perspectives should not be directly compared in QALY league tables. But do we know that QALYs are comparable if they are based on the same method and perspective?The Time trade-off (TTO) consists in a hypothetical trade-off between living shorter and living healthier. We performed a literature review of the TTO methodology used to elicit quality-of-life weights for own, current health. Fifty-six journal articles, with quality-of-life weights assigned to 102 diagnostic groups were included. We found extensive differences in how the TTO question was asked. The time frame varied from 1 month to 30 years, and was not reported for one-fourth of the weights. The samples in which the quality-of-life weights were elicited were generally small with a median size of 53 respondents. Comprehensive inclusion criteria were given for half the diagnostic groups. Co-morbidity was described in less than one-tenth of the groups of respondents. For two-thirds of the quality-of-life weights, there was no discussion of the influence of other factors, such as age, sex, employment and children. The different methodological approaches did not influence the TTO weights in a predictable or clear pattern. Whether or not it is possible to standardise the TTO method and the sampling procedure, and whether or not the TTO will then give valid quality-of-life weights, remains an open question.This review of the TTO elicited on own behalf, shows that limiting cost-utility analysis to include only quality life weights from one method and one perspective is not enough to ensure that QALYs are comparable.
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Chen SC, Bayoumi AM, Soon SL, Aftergut K, Cruz P, Sexton SA, McCall CO, Goldstein MK. A catalog of dermatology utilities: a measure of the burden of skin diseases. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2004; 9:160-8. [PMID: 15083784 DOI: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Utilities are measures of quality of life that reflect the strength of individuals' preferences or values for a particular health outcome. As such, utilities represent a measure of disease burden. The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of utilities to the dermatology community and to present a catalog of dermatology utilities obtained from direct patient interviews. Our data are based on 236 total subjects from Grady Hospital (Atlanta, GA), Stanford Medical Center (Palo Alto, CA), and Parkland Hospital (Dallas, TX). The mean time trade-off utilities ranged from 0.640 for blistering disorders to 1.000 for alopecia, cosmetic, and urticaria. The mean utility across all diagnoses was 0.943. We present utilities for 17 diagnostic categories and discuss the underlying reasons for the significant disease burden that these utilities represent. We also present these dermatology categories relative to noncutaneous diseases to place the cutaneous utilities in perspective and to compare the burden of disease. We have demonstrated that skin diseases have considerable burden of disease and provided a preliminary repository of utility data for future researchers and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suephy C Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Center for Outcomes Research, University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Knight SJ, Nathan DP, Siston AK, Kattan MW, Elstein AS, Collela KM, Wolf MS, Slimack NS, Bennett CL, Golub RM. Pilot Study of a Utilities-Based Treatment Decision Intervention for Prostate Cancer Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002; 1:105-14. [PMID: 15046701 DOI: 10.3816/cgc.2002.n.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study evaluates a shared decision-making approach to individual decision making in localized prostate cancer care. The approach is based on a decision analytic model that incorporates patient utilities, ie, patient preferences among possible health states that might occur with prostate cancer treatments. Data on comorbidities, histologic grade of the biopsy, and age were obtained for 13 patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer who received care in a Veterans Administration medical center. Using a standard gamble technique, interviewers obtained patient utilities for 5 distinct health states related to prostate cancer treatment. Utilities and patient clinical and pathologic characteristics were incorporated into the decision analytic model, and the derived quality-adjusted life expectancies were shared with the treating urologist before the first patient-physician discussion about treatment options. The results of the pilot study raised 2 major concerns. First, 4 patients had utility scores of 1.0 for all of the possible health states, and 7 patients had inconsistent utilities in which they rated both impotence and incontinence as a better health state than having just one of these problems. Second, the model recommended radiation therapy to individuals with a broad range of clinical characteristics, pathologic findings, and utility scores. Many of the patients who were recommended radiation therapy by the model received discordant recommendations from the treating urologist. Future refinements of both the utility assessment exercise and decision analytic model may be needed before the feasibility of the model in the clinical setting can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Knight
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
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