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Kreutzfeldt N, Browne N. Cryoglobulinaemia in a Thoroughbred gelding with multicentric lymphoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nimet Browne
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USA
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2
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García‐Lacy F, Craig L, Trigo‐Tavera FJ, Schumacher J, Rodríguez‐Monterde A. Multicentric T‐cell lymphoma in a 21‐year‐old Tennessee walking horse mare. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García‐Lacy
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, College of Veterinary Medicine (FMVZ‐UNAM) Mexico City Mexico
| | - Linden Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Francisco José Trigo‐Tavera
- Pathology Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico College of Veterinary Medicine Mexico City Mexico
| | - Jim Schumacher
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez‐Monterde
- Equine Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics (FMVZ‐UNAM) Mexico City Mexico
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3
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Camacho‐Luna P, Andrews FM, Dehghanpir SD, Gaunt SD, Kim K, Wakamatsu N, Garcia H. Bicavitary effusion in a horse with multicentric lymphoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Camacho‐Luna
- Equine Health Studies Program Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton RougeUSA
| | - F. M. Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton RougeUSA
| | - S. D. Dehghanpir
- Clinical Pathology Comparative Biomedical Sciences Baton Rouge USA
| | - S. D. Gaunt
- Clinical Pathology Comparative Biomedical Sciences Baton Rouge USA
| | - K. Kim
- Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA
| | - N. Wakamatsu
- Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA
| | - H. Garcia
- Kleinpeter and Associates Prairieville Louisiana USA
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4
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Martabano BB, Brooks DE, Whitley RD, Proietto LR, Conway JA, Zoll WM, Plummer CE. Recurrent adnexal lymphoma in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Martabano
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - D. E. Brooks
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - R. D. Whitley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - L. R. Proietto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
| | - J. A. Conway
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - W. M. Zoll
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - C. E. Plummer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA
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Meyer J, Delay J, Bienzle D. Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathologic Features of Equine Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:914-24. [PMID: 17099148 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, laboratory and tissue findings from 37 horses with lymphoma were investigated. Horses ranged in age from 0.3 to 20.5 years (median 5.0 years) and included 18 females and 19 males. Weight loss ( n = 25) and ventral edema ( n = 21) were the most common historical and physical abnormalities. The most common laboratory abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia ( n = 26), hypoalbuminemia ( n = 19), anemia ( n = 19), leukemia ( n = 14), hyperglobulinemia ( n = 13), and thrombocytopenia ( n = 13). Thirty-four tumors involved multiple lymphoid tissues and abdominal or thoracic organs, and 3 tumors were restricted to cutaneous and subcutaneous sites. Histopathologically, all tumors diffusely effaced normal lymph node architecture. Tumor cell morphology was heterogeneous in 17 tumors, and 8 tumors had marked histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell infiltrates. Extensive necrosis or focal fibrosis was present in 22 and 4 lymphomas, respectively. Staining of tumor sections with antibodies against CD3 and CD79α molecules resulted in classification of T-cell ( n = 26) or B-cell ( n = 7) origin. Four tumors could not be classified. Most T-cell tumors comprised small to medium CD3+ lymphocytes, whereas 5 of 7 B-cell tumors were infiltrated by numerous small T lymphocytes and classified as T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma. Neither estrogen nor progesterone receptor expression was consistently identified by immunochemical assessment of tumor tissues. Fresh tumor cells from 6 horses bound antibodies reactive with equine CD4, CD5, CD8, CD21, or major histocompatibility class II molecules, confirming T-cell ( n = 5) or B-cell origin ( n = 1). These findings suggest that T-cell lymphoma is more common than B-cell lymphoma in horses and that inflammation, possibly from tumor cytokine production, is frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meyer
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Gustafsson K, Jahns H, Lee A, Duggan VE. Multicentric lymphoma in a pony presented as a case of metastatic strangles. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Gustafsson
- UCD Veterinary HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Hanne Jahns
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Alison Lee
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Vivienne E Duggan
- UCD Veterinary HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
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7
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Foote AK, Ricketts SW, Whitwell KE. A racing start in life? The hurdles of equine feto-placental pathology. Equine Vet J 2012:120-9. [PMID: 22594040 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in understanding and monitoring the causes of equine abortion over past decades. However, not all in utero pathology results in abortion. It has long been recognised that some in utero pathology, such as twinning or chronic placentitis, can result in the birth of live but growth-retarded foals and there is historical evidence that birth weight may influence future athletic performance. Clinical experience (e.g. from twins) and experimental studies (pony-Thoroughbred embryo transfer) have highlighted the importance of reduced functional placental area in limiting growth in utero in horses. Many other nonfatal in utero pathologies (e.g. umbilical cord-related circulatory compromise) can potentially affect either placental function or other organ systems. Their influence on the short- and long-term health of the foal and its future athletic performance is in many cases poorly documented or understood. This review summarises the main causes of in utero pathology and reflects on how these may potentially affect the foal if born alive, highlighting the need for long-term studies on this important subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Foote
- Beaufort Cottage Laboratories, Rossdale and Partners, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
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Madron MS, Caston SS, Reinertson EL, Tracey AK, Hostetter JM. Diagnosis and treatment of a primary splenic lymphoma in a mule. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muñoz A, Riber C, Trigo P, Castejón F. Hematopoietic neoplasias in horses: myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. J Equine Sci 2010; 20:59-72. [PMID: 24833969 PMCID: PMC4013965 DOI: 10.1294/jes.20.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, i.e., the neoplasia of one or more cell lines of the bone marrow, although less common than in other species, it is also reported in horses. Leukemia can be classified according to the affected cells (myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders), evolution of clinical signs (acute or chronic) and the presence or lack of abnormal cells in peripheral blood (leukemic, subleukemic and aleukemic leukemia). The main myeloproliferative disorders in horses are malignant histiocytosis and myeloid leukemia, the latter being classified as monocytic and myelomonocytic, granulocytic, primary erythrocytosis or polycythemia vera and megakaryocytic leukemia. The most common lymphoproliferative disorders in horses are lymphoid leukemia, plasma cell or multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in horses and usually involves lymphoid organs, without leukemia, although bone marrow may be affected after metastasis. Lymphoma could be classified according to the organs involved and four main clinical categories have been established: generalized-multicentric, alimentary-gastrointestinal, mediastinal-thymic-thoracic and cutaneous. The clinical signs, hematological and clinical pathological findings, results of bone marrow aspirates, involvement of other organs, prognosis and treatment, if applicable, are presented for each type of neoplasia. This paper aims to provide a guide for equine practitioners when approaching to clinical cases with suspicion of hematopoietic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain ; Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Riber
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain ; Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Trigo
- Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Castejón
- Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Martin JM, Valentine BA, Cebra CK, Bildfell RJ, Löhr CV, Fischer KA. Malignant round cell neoplasia in llamas and alpacas. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:288-98. [PMID: 19261642 DOI: 10.1354/vp.46-2-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant round cell neoplasia was identified in 12 llamas and 12 alpacas aged 0-23 years. Mean age of affected alpacas (3.1 years) was significantly less than that of affected llamas (8.0 years). Tumor cell morphology varied from large and often pleomorphic (11 tumors) to small and often homogeneous (13 tumors). Neoplastic lesions were multicentric in 12 cases. Other sites were gastric (5 cases), intra-abdominal (perirenal; 4 cases), intrathoracic (2 cases), and cervical (1 case). Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to CD79alpha, BLA36, and CD3 identified B-cell lymphoma (12 cases) and T-cell lymphoma (6 cases). Six tumors did not express any lymphoid marker and were further immunostained for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and chromogranin A. All 6 of these tumors were negative for GFAP and chromogranin A but expressed 1 or more of the neural markers NSE, synaptophysin, and S-100 and were classified as primitive malignant round cell tumors (PMRCT). Tumor types could not be distinguished on the basis of animal age, gross pathologic appearance, tumor morphology, or tumor location. All animals with lymphoma and 5 with PMRCT died or were euthanatized. One alpaca with a focal cervical PMRCT lived for at least 20 months after diagnosis. Results of this study indicate that malignant round cell tumors in llamas and alpacas are a heterogeneous group that cannot be distinguished on the basis of signalment, postmortem findings, or routine light microscopic findings. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable diagnostic procedure when evaluating malignant round cell neoplasia in llamas and alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Martin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall 142, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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De Clercq D, van Loon G, Lefère L, Deprez P. Ultrasound-guided biopsy as a diagnostic aid in three horses with a cranial mediastinal lymphosarcoma. Vet Rec 2004; 154:722-6. [PMID: 15214516 DOI: 10.1136/vr.154.23.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasound examination of the thorax of three horses which were performing poorly or had mild signs of colic showed that they had a cranial mediastinal mass and a pleural effusion. A cytological examination of the pleural fluid showed that it did not contain neoplastic cells. A histological examination of an ultrasound-guided core biopsy of the cranial mediastinal mass showed that in each of the three horses it was a lymphosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Clercq
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Abstract
The literature on congenital tumours and tumour-like lesions in horses was reviewed. Included were embryonic tumours and teratomas. Special attention was paid to the ubiquitous adenomatous hyperplasia of the placenta. It appears that temporal teratomas, interstitial hamartomas and placental adenomatous hyperplasia are unique in the horse. Benign teratoma of the undescended testis is far more frequent in the horse than in other species. In horses, as in calves and pigs, congenital skin tumours were of papillomatous, vascular and melanocytic types. The sporadic occurrence of congenital tumours in the horse did not provide an etiologic or pathogenetic clue. The possibility of oncogenic viruses in cases of congenital skin papilloma or malignant lymphoma could neither be proven, nor be excluded. Hereditary tumours were not encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Misdorp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Twenty-two horses with colic, referred to the University of Liverpool Equine Hospital (1992-1998), were found at laparotomy to have a partial obstruction of the large colon caused by a segmental mural lesion located in the left dorsal colon. The decision to take the horses to surgery was based on rectal examination findings of secondary impaction and mural oedema of the large colon and turbid peritoneal fluid containing large numbers of neutrophils obtained by paracentesis. The affected segment of colon showed oedema and serosal changes varying from erythema to well-defined necrosis. These pathological changes were considered to be sufficiently severe in 16 horses to merit partial resection of the left colon. Histology revealed varying degrees of mucosal necrosis, marked submucosal oedema and infiltration with large numbers of eosinophilic leucocytes. No cause was identified for the lesions. Sixteen of the 18 horses discharged from the hospital were alive 3 months to 7 years after surgery and have returned to their previous type of work and level of performance. The remaining 2 horses were subjected to euthanasia because of a recurrence of colic but no autopsy was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Edwards
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
Leukoproliferative disorders reported in horses include lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia, plasma cell myeloma, granulocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, myelomonocytic leukemia, and eosinophilic leukemia. Lymphoma affects horses of all ages, whereas leukemias often occur in younger horses. Clinical signs are often nonspecific including depression, anorexia, fever, and weight loss. Specialized diagnostic techniques such as cytochemistry and immunophenotyping better define the cellular origin of leukoproliferative disorders, which is essential for developing appropriate therapeutic protocols and rendering an accurate prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Abstract
Nomenclature regarding neoplasia of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in the horse is confusing. This article will clarify terminology, and discuss the individual lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders recognized in the horse. Diagnostic techniques that are useful in cases in which hematopoietic or lymphoid tissue neoplasia are suspected include histochemical staining profiles, bone marrow aspiration, and bone marrow biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Savage
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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Kelley LC, Mahaffey EA. Equine malignant lymphomas: morphologic and immunohistochemical classification. Vet Pathol 1998; 35:241-52. [PMID: 9684967 DOI: 10.1177/030098589803500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gross lesions, microscopic appearance, and immunophenotyping are reported in a retrospective study of 31 cases of equine malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Monoclonal antibodies to surface glycoprotein BLA.36 and intracytoplasmic domains of mb-1 and B29 were used to document the presence of B lymphocytes in the equine tumors. Polyclonal antibody to CD3 and monoclonal antibodies to T-lymphocyte markers CD3 and CD5 revealed the presence of variable numbers of T cells within the equine lymphomas. The neoplastic component of the equine lymphomas was determined through morphologic evaluation, immunophenotyping, and the use of proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Equine malignant lymphomas were composed of a heterogeneous cell population. Most tumors contained B and T lymphocytes. Twenty-four horses had diffuse lymphomas derived from B lymphocytes. Thirteen of these lymphomas contained primarily neoplastic B lymphocytes. Eleven additional cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contained from 40% to 80% nonneoplastic T lymphocytes and were classified as T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphomas. This is the first description of T-cell-rich, B-cell lymphoma in the horse. Six tumors with a diffuse architecture were derived from T lymphocytes. Four T-cell tumors were large-cell tumors, 1 was a small-cell tumor, and in 1 tumor the size of the cells could not be determined accurately because of autolytic change in the tissues. One diffuse large-cell lymphoma did not react with either B- or T-cell markers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Female
- Horse Diseases/immunology
- Horse Diseases/pathology
- Horses
- Immunoenzyme Techniques/veterinary
- Immunophenotyping/veterinary
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/veterinary
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/veterinary
- Male
- Retrospective Studies
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Kelley
- Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA
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