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Rochel D, Abadie J, Robveille C, Déqueant B, Dagher E, Roux F, Jaillardon L. Thrombocytosis and central nervous system involvement in a case of canine acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:363-367. [PMID: 30024652 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This case report presents a 14-month-old female Poodle mix with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia based on a marked thrombocytosis, abnormal platelet morphology, circulating dwarf megakaryocytes, and blast cells in the blood. Bone marrow abnormalities included dysmegakaryopoiesis dygranulopoiesis, and an increased number of blast cells was observed in the blood. Extensive leukemic involvement was also found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The cytopathologic features of the abnormal circulating cells were highly suggestive of being megakaryocytic in origin, which was supported by negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive von Willebrand factor staining on immunocytochemistry (ICC). The neoplastic cells were also CD61 positive and had variable von Willebrand factor expression on ICC. Although there were only 25% blast cells in the bone marrow, which theoretically supported myelodysplastic syndrome, the hypothesis that this case represented acute myeloid leukemia of megakaryoblastic origin was confirmed by the continuous increase in circulating blast cell numbers during follow-up visits and the extensive leukemic involvement of parenchymal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Rochel
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Robveille
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Bérengère Déqueant
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Elie Dagher
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Roux
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,Oniris, Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Jaillardon
- Oniris, Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France.,LabOniris - Veterinary Biological Laboratory, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes Angers, Nantes, France
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Park HM, Doster AR, Tashbaeva RE, Lee YM, Lyoo YS, Lee SJ, Kim HJ, Sur JH. Clinical, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings in a Case of Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:287-91. [PMID: 16789720 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical, hematological, and histopathologic features of megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) were investigated in a 10-year-old female Shih-Tzu dog. Megakaryoblastic leukemia was diagnosed using anti-human platelet glycoprotein (GP IIIa) and anti-human von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibodies. The expression of CD antigen on megakaryoblasts was also assessed using a CD79a monoclonal antibody. Immunological markers allowed visualization of neoplastic megakaryocytes. Antibodies against platelet GP IIIa were demonstrated to be the most useful for the diagnosis of megakaryoblastic leukemia of paraffin-embedded canine tissues. Hematological and histological data coupled with immunohistochemical reactivity for platelet GP IIIa, vWF, and CD79a antigen in blast cells confirmed a diagnosis of M7 megakaryoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Myung Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, KwangJin-Ku 143-701, Korea
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ferreira HM, Smith SH, Schwartz AM, Milne EM. Myeloperoxidase-positive acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:530-537. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M.T. Ferreira
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sionagh H. Smith
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Anita M. Schwartz
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Elspeth M. Milne
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Valentini F, Tasca S, Gavazza A, Lubas G. Use of CD9 and CD61 for the characterization of AML-M7 by flow cytometry in a dog*. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:312-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ameri M, Wilkerson MJ, Stockham SL, Almes KM, Patton KM, Jackson T. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a German Shepherd dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 39:39-45. [PMID: 19793230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed-female German Shepherd dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kansas State University with a history of weight loss, anorexia, depression, and lethargy for 2-3 weeks. Radiographic examination revealed a mass in the spleen and several round radiodense foci in the liver. CBC results included normocytic normochromic anemia, marked thrombocytopenia, and low numbers of neoplastic cells that frequently had cytoplasmic projections or blebs. A bone marrow aspirate contained about 80% neoplastic megakaryoblasts with the same microscopic features as those observed in peripheral blood. Using flow cytometry, cells of large size were identified in peripheral blood that expressed CD41/61, CD45, CD61, and CD62P (P-selectin) and were negative for markers of T cells, B cells, monocyte/macrophages, and dendritic cells. Because of the poor prognosis, euthanasia and subsequently necropsy were performed. On histopathologic examination, neoplastic megakaryoblasts were identified in spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, and the pulmonary vasculature. Using immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic megakaryoblasts weakly expressed von Willebrand factor. Based on microscopic and immunophenotypic findings, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMegL in a domestic animal in which immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and a panel of antibodies against CD41/61, CD61, and CD62P were used to support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ameri
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Abstract
A clinically normal, 5-year-old intact female German Shepherd dog was presented to the local veterinarian to be spayed. Results of a preoperative CBC included mild nonregenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and 17% unclassified cells. On cytologic examination of aspirates from the dog's enlarged spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, a population of primitive round cells that occasionally resembled megakaryocytes was observed. A bone marrow aspirate specimen was markedly hypercellular with approximately 65% of marrow cells comprising a homogeneous population of immature hematopoietic cells similar to those found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Using immunocytochemical stains with canine-specific antibodies, all neoplastic cells strongly expressed cytoplasmic CD41 and 20-70% of the neoplastic cells expressed CD34 weakly to moderately. Rare (<0.5%) neoplastic cells weakly expressed vWF. The cells were negative for all other markers. Based on these results and the morphology of the neoplastic cells, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. In spite of treatment, results of a CBC performed 1 week later indicated progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia, and the dog was euthanized. To our knowledge, this report documents the first case of canine AMegL diagnosed with both anti-canine CD34 and CD41 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Suter
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Canfield PJ, Church DB, Russ IG. Myeloproliferative disorder involving the megakaryocytic line. J Small Anim Pract 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The clinical, hematologic, and histologic features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia are described for an 8-year-old female Domestic Shorthair cat, a 3-year-old female mixed-breed dog, and a 3-year-old male German Shepherd Dog. The neoplastic cells were characterized as belonging to the megakaryocytic lineage. The following techniques were used: electron microscopy; detection of antibodies against human von Willebrand factor (vWF) and human platelet glycoprotein GP IIIa using a modified avidin biotin peroxidase complex technique on formalin-fixed paraffin sections; and enzyme histochemical methods on plastic sections for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, naphthol AS acetate esterase, and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. In addition, benign megakaryocytic cells, platelets, and neoplastic cells were labeled with lectins that have partially been shown to bind to platelet glycoproteins of other species. In healthy cats and dogs, the megakaryocytes and platelets reacted with lectins PSA, LCA, PHA-L, and WGA. Megakaryocytes and platelets from healthy cats were also labeled by lectin PNA. The lectins PHA-L and WGA reacted with neoplastic cells from the cat and both dogs. Lectin PNA bound to neoplastic cells from the cat, and lectins PSA, LCA, and SBA bound to neoplastic cells from both dogs. For the retrospective examination of paraffin-embedded material, the detection of vWF and GP IIIa appears to be the most reliable method for the identification of megakaryocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Colbatzky
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Munich, Germany
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Simpson JW, Else RW, Honeyman P. Successful treatment of suspected essential thrombo-cythaemia in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Messick J, Carothers M, Wellman M. Identification and characterization of megakaryoblasts in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. Vet Pathol 1990; 27:212-4. [PMID: 2112804 DOI: 10.1177/030098589002700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Messick
- Ohio State University, Department of Pathobiology, Columbus 43210-1092
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Bolon B, Buergelt CD, Harvey JW, Meyer DJ, Kaplan-Stein D. Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Dog. Vet Clin Pathol 1989; 18:69-74. [PMID: 15156514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.1989.tb00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bolon
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Hopper PE, Mandell CP, Turrel JM, Jain NC, Tablin F, Zinkl JG. Probable essential thrombocythemia in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 1989; 3:79-85. [PMID: 2715960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1989.tb03083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) in an 11-year-old dog was characterized by persistently high platelet counts (range, 4.19 X 10(6)/microliters to 4.95 X 10(6)/microliters, abnormal platelet morphology, marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow, absence of circulating megakaryoblasts, and history of splenomegaly and gastrointestinal bleeding. Increased numbers of megakaryocytes and megakaryoblasts (15% to 20%) in the bone marrow were confirmed by a positive acetylcholinesterase reaction. Another significant finding was the presence of a basophilia in blood (4,836/microliters) and bone marrow. The marked persistent thrombocytosis, absence of reactive (secondary) thrombocytosis, abnormal platelet morphology, and quantitative and qualitative changes in the megakaryocytic series in the bone marrow suggested the presence of a myeloproliferative disease. Cytochemical and ultrastructural findings aided in the diagnosis of ET. The dog was treated with radiophosphorus. The results was a rapid decline in the numbers of megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and platelets and basophils in the peripheral blood. The dog died unexpectedly of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus before a complete remission was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Hopper
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Service, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
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Kawakami T, Cain G, Taylor N. Establishment and partial characterization of a radiation-induced canine monocytic leukemic cell line (RK9ML-1). Leuk Res 1989; 13:709-14. [PMID: 2796377 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(89)90060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A myeloid leukemic cell line, designated RK9ML-1, was established from a dog with acute radiation-induced monocytic leukemia. Based on cytochemical stains which reacted positively only with nonspecific esterase, morphological and ultrastructural characteristics which indicated the presence of phagocytic vacuoles and lysosomal bodies, and cell surface properties which indicated the presence of Fc receptors, all the findings support that RK9ML-1 is of monocytic lineage. Chromosomal analysis of the cell line indicated the cells to be hypodiploid with acrocentric autosomes characteristic of canine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawakami
- University of California, Davis Laboratory for Energy-Related Research 95616
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