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Foddai SG, Radin M, Barinotti A, Cecchi I, Rubini E, Arbrile M, Mantello E, Menegatti E, Roccatello D, Sciascia S. New Frontiers in Autoimmune Diagnostics: A Systematic Review on Saliva Testing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20105782. [PMID: 37239511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Immunological laboratory testing is known to be complex, and it is usually performed in tertiary referral centers. Many criticalities affect diagnostic immunological testing, such as limited availability, the need for specifically trained laboratory staff, and potential difficulties in collecting blood samples, especially in the most vulnerable patients, i.e., the elderly and children. For this reason, the identification of a new feasible and reliable methodology for autoantibody detection is urgently needed. (2) Methods: We designed a systematic review to investigate the available literature on the utilization of saliva samples for immunological testing. (3) Results: A total of 170 articles were identified. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, accounting for 1059 patients and 671 controls. The saliva collection method was mostly represented by passive drooling (11/18, 61%), and the most frequently described methodology for antibody detection was ELISA (12/18, 67%). The analysis included 392 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 161 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 131 with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 116 with primary biliary cholangitis, 100 with pemphigus vulgaris, 50 with bullous pemphigoids, 49 with Sjogren syndrome, 39 with celiac disease, 10 with primary antiphospholipid syndromes, 8 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 2 with systemic sclerosis, and 1 with autoimmune thyroiditis. The majority of the reviewed studies involved adequate controls, and saliva testing allowed for a clear distinction of patients (10/12 studies, 83%). More than half of the papers showed a correlation between saliva and serum results (10/18, 55%) for autoantibody detection, with varying rates of correlation, sensitivity, and specificity. Interestingly, many papers showed a correlation between saliva antibody results and clinical manifestations. (4) Conclusions: Saliva testing might represent an appealing alternative to serum-based testing for autoantibody detection, considering the correspondence with serum testing results and the correlation with clinical manifestations. Nonetheless, standardization of sample collection processing, maintenance, and detection methodology has yet to be fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grazietta Foddai
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Radin
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Barinotti
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Cecchi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Rubini
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Arbrile
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Ester Mantello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
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Asokan S, Pollachi Ramakrishnan G, Ranganatham KV, Viswanath S, Sivasamy S. Stress amongst paediatric dental postgraduate students in India: A mixed-method approach. Eur J Dent Educ 2022; 26:629-638. [PMID: 34904332 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental profession is one of the most stressful healthcare occupations. Paediatric dental postgraduates face multifaceted challenges in their everyday practice. This study aimed to determine the sources of stress amongst paediatric dental postgraduate students in India using a mixed-method approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sequential mixed-methods approach was employed. In the quantitative phase, a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey was conducted amongst paediatric dental postgraduates in India using the "Google Forms application" link. Based on the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire, the stress PACT questionnaire which includes 35 items was framed and validated. This validated questionnaire was used in the survey. In the qualitative phase, one-on-one, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted amongst 12 postgraduates. RESULTS A total of 422 participants took part in the quantitative survey. Academic and specialty-related domains were found to be the significant causes of stress amongst the five domains (p < .001). The top three stressful factors were as follows: getting an ideal case for clinical exams (68.2%), financial resources for conferences, dissertation, short studies and publications (53.2%) and fear of unemployment after graduation (52.3%). Based on qualitative interviews, four themes were derived, namely choice of paediatric dentistry, postgraduate life experience, stress management and expected changes in postgraduate life. CONCLUSION Psychological well-being of the student is an important factor that influences the overall performance of students. Identifying the stress factors and using appropriate coping strategies can help postgraduates achieve personal, academic and professional success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Asokan
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, India
| | | | | | - Sudhandra Viswanath
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Shyam Sivasamy
- Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Irshad L, Faustini S, Evans L, Drayson MT, Campbell JP, Heaney JLJ. Salivary free light chains as a new biomarker to measure psychological stress: the impact of a university exam period on salivary immunoglobulins, cortisol, DHEA and symptoms of infection. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104912. [PMID: 33086142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Measurement of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in saliva can serve as a non-invasive biomarker in health and behavioural research. FLCs have been explored in relation to physiological stress but FLC responses to psychological stress and their relationship with infections remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exam period stress on salivary FLCs alongside other established biomarkers of stress and whether FLCs relate to symptoms of infection. METHODS 58 healthy adults studying at university completed saliva samples and questionnaires in a period without exams (baseline), and again prior to the start of an exam period. Saliva samples were assessed for FLCs, IgA, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Measures of life events stress, perceived stress, anxiety and depression were completed. Students also reported incidence and severity of symptoms of infection and rated general well-being at baseline, prior to, during and after the exam period. Exercise, sleep and alcohol consumption were also assessed at both timepoints. RESULTS FLCs secretion rates were significantly lower at the exam period compared to baseline (p < .01), with reductions of 26% and 25% for κ FLC and λ FLC, respectively. In agreement, salivary IgA secretion rate was lower at exams (non-significant trend, p = .07). Cortisol concentration significantly increased at exams (p < .05) while DHEA did not change, leading to an increase in the cortisol:DHEA ratio (p = .06). Depression (p < .05) and anxiety increased from baseline to exams and life stress reported in the build up to the exam period was higher compared with baseline (p < .001). Well-being significantly decreased from baseline to exams (p < .01). The proportion of participants reporting infection symptoms (70%) was unchanged between baseline and prior to exams. No significant relationships were found between FLCs or other saliva parameters and infection symptoms, well-being or stress/psychological measures. Changes in saliva parameters between timepoints were independent of health behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Salivary FLCs are responsive to life events stress and corroborate with IgA. This preliminary study highlights the potential utility of FLCs as a new salivary biomarker in stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lylah Irshad
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sian Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Lili Evans
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Dental education is a challenging experience that places significant demands on students' intellectual, financial, and psychosocial well-being. Dental students who simultaneously experience physical illness, emotional upset, or interpersonal difficulty may be at greater risk of experiencing negative academic consequences. It is well documented that stress affects student learning, however, the impact of other health concerns on academic success is less understood. The purpose of this manuscript is to document the prevalence and perceived academic impact of 24 health concerns on the academic performance of a sample of 130 undergraduate dental students as measured by the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Health concerns that were most prevalent among dental students were generally also perceived to be most detrimental to their learning. These included upper respiratory infections (cold, flu, sore throat), interpersonal concerns (concerns about a troubled friend or family member, and relationship difficulty), and mental health issues (depression/anxiety/seasonal affective disorder, and stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Kernan
- a Department of Public Health , William Paterson University , Wayne , NJ , USA
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Ulmer-Yaniv A, Djalovski A, Priel A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Maternal depression alters stress and immune biomarkers in mother and child. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1145-1157. [PMID: 30133052 DOI: 10.1002/da.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to maternal depression bears long-term negative consequences for children's well-being. Yet, no study has tested the joint contribution of maternal and child's hypothalamic pituitary axis and immune systems in mediating the effects of maternal depression on child psychopathology. METHODS We followed a birth cohort over-represented for maternal depression from birth to 10 years (N = 125). At 10 years, mother and child's cortisol (CT) and secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), biomarkers of the stress and immune systems, were assayed, mother-child interaction observed, mothers and children underwent psychiatric diagnosis, and children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms reported. RESULTS Depressed mothers had higher CT and s-IgA levels and displayed more negative parenting, characterized by negative affect, intrusion, and criticism. Children of depressed mothers exhibited more Axis-I disorders, higher s-IgA levels, and greater social withdrawal. Structural equation modeling charted four paths by which maternal depression impacted child externalizing and internalizing symptoms: (a) increasing maternal CT, which linked with higher child CT and behavior problems; (b) augmenting maternal and child's immune response, which were associated with child symptoms; (c) enhancing negative parenting that predicted child social withdrawal and symptoms; and (d), via a combined endocrine-immune pathway suppressing symptom formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, the first to test stress and immune biomarkers in depressed mothers and their children in relation to social behavior, describe mechanisms of endocrine synchrony in shaping children's stress response and immunity, advocate the need to follow the long-term effects of maternal depression on children's health throughout life, and highlight maternal depression as an important public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Ulmer-Yaniv
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzlia, Israel.,The Gonda Multidisciplinary Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Djalovski
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzlia, Israel.,Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Avital Priel
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Orna Zagoory-Sharon
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzlia, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzlia, Israel.,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ulmer-Yaniv A, Djalovski A, Yirmiya K, Halevi G, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Maternal immune and affiliative biomarkers and sensitive parenting mediate the effects of chronic early trauma on child anxiety. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1020-1033. [PMID: 28889808 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic early trauma alters children's stress reactivity and increases the prevalence of anxiety disorders; yet the neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms underpinning this effect are not fully clear. Animal studies indicate that the mother's physiology and behavior mediate offspring stress in a system-specific manner, but few studies tested this external-regulatory maternal role in human children exposed to chronic stress. METHODS We followed a unique cohort of children exposed to continuous wartime trauma (N = 177; exposed; N = 101, controls; N = 76). At 10 years, maternal and child's salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and oxytocin (OT), biomarkers of the immune and affiliation systems, were assayed, maternal and child relational behaviors observed, mother and child underwent psychiatric diagnosis, and child anxiety symptoms assessed. RESULTS War-exposed mothers had higher s-IgA, lower OT, more anxiety symptoms, and their parenting was characterized by reduced sensitivity. Exposed children showed higher s-IgA, more anxiety disorders and post traumatic stress disorder, and more anxiety symptoms. Path analysis model defined three pathways by which maternal physiology and behavior impacted child anxiety; (a) increasing maternal s-IgA, which led to increased child s-IgA, augmenting child anxiety; (b) reducing maternal OT, which linked with diminished child OT and social repertoire; and (c) increasing maternal anxiety, which directly impacted child anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, the first to measure immune and affiliation biomarkers in mothers and children, detail their unique and joint effects on children's anxiety in response to stress; highlight the relations between chronic stress, immune activation, and anxiety in children; and describe how processes of biobehavioral synchrony shape children's long-term adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ulmer-Yaniv
- The Gonda Brain Sciences Center,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,Israel
| | - A Djalovski
- Department of Psychology,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,Israel
| | - K Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,Israel
| | - G Halevi
- Department of Psychology,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,Israel
| | - O Zagoory-Sharon
- The Gonda Brain Sciences Center,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,Israel
| | - R Feldman
- The Gonda Brain Sciences Center,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,Israel
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Pani SC, Al Khabbaz HJ, Bin Enayeg SH, Bin Zouman AH. The relationship between examination-related academic stress, salivary antioxidant capacity and exercise patterns of final-year Saudi dental students. Eur J Dent Educ 2017; 21:e83-e88. [PMID: 27393734 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the impact of examination stress on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of senior dental students and compare changes in TAC between students who exercise regularly and those who do not. METHODS A questionnaire designed to evaluate physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI) and academic performance was distributed to 325 senior dental students. Of the 312 who responded, a total of 70 were enrolled in the study, of whom 60 completed the study. The students were composed of a low-activity group (n = 30), who had a Goddard-Sheppard (GS) exercise score of <25, and a high-exercise group (n = 30), who had a GS score >60. Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaires and salivary samples were collected at the first week of the semester and at the week of the examinations. Salivary TAC was measured using a commercially available Radical Absorbance Antioxidant Assay measurement kit (Zen-Bio ORAC™, AMS Biotechnology, Abington UK). A total of 60 students completed the study. RESULTS A significant increase in DES values and a significant reduction in salivary TAC values were observed in the week of the examination compared to baseline scores. Although no differences were observed in the DES scores between the high-exercise and low-exercise groups, the high-exercise group showed a significantly lower reduction in examination week salivary TAC compared to their counterparts in the low-exercise group. Regression models showed a significant association between the TAC, exercise scores and DES scores in the week of the examinations. CONCLUSION Regular exercise may help protect students against the oxidative stress associated with academic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pani
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H J Al Khabbaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S H Bin Enayeg
- Intern, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Bin Zouman
- Intern, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Marinova S, Nenkov P, Markova R, Nikolaeva S, Kostadinova R, Mitov I, Vretenarska M. Cellular and Humoral Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses Stimulated by an Oral Polybacterial Immunomodulator in Patients with Chronic Urinary Tract Infections. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:457-473. [PMID: 16164822 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An oral polybacterial immunomodulator Urostim (U), composed of killed cells and their lysates from E. coli expressing type 1 and P-pili, E. coli Re mutant, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis was created for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of urinary tract infections (UTIs). In experimental animal models, the stimulating effect of U on lymphocyte functional activity, macrophage phagocytosis and antibody producing cells, was established. In this study the immuno-modulating effects of U on the proliferating capacity and ultrastructural morphologic changes of lymphocytes, cytokine production and specific systemic humoral and mucosal immune responses in patients with UTIs have been evaluated. Patients enrolled in the study, received orally 50 mg U daily for a period of three months. On days 0,30 and 90 a quantitative analysis was performed on lymphoproliferative responses to polyclonal mitogens, IL-2 and the specific antigen U, the production of specific serum and saliva IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies to all components of U and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There was significant improvement of non-specific and specific lymphoproliferative responses on days 30 and 90 after the onset of treatment with U, confirmed by electron-microscopic studies. The highest concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were registered at baseline followed by a decrease until the end of the observation period. This finding correlates with the gradual decrease of immune activation as measured by the spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation. Data from the production of specific antibacterial antibodies in serum and saliva show two types of reactions. The first type was registered in patients with low pre-treatment levels in whom the concentration of specific antibodies increased on days 30 and 90. The second type of reaction was observed in patients with high pre-treatment levels, which dropped on day 30 and were usually followed by an increase at the end of the study. These results provide evidence for the immuno-modulating effect of U. Our data show that the oral administration of the polybacterial immunomodulator Urostim stimulates adequate cellular and humoral systemic and mucosal immune responses in patients with chronic UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marinova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
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Phillips AC, Carroll D, Drayson MT, Der G. Salivary Immunoglobulin A Secretion Rate Is Negatively Associated with Cancer Mortality: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145083. [PMID: 26699127 PMCID: PMC4689578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are essential for combating infectious disease although very high levels can indicate underlying pathology. The present study examined associations between secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva and mortality rates in the general population. Participants were 639 adults from the eldest cohort of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study aged 63 years at the time of saliva sampling in 1995. From unstimulated 2-minute saliva samples, saliva volume and S-IgA concentration were measured, and S-IgA secretion rate determined as their product. Mortality data were tracked for 19 years. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to compute hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality from sIgA secretion rate. Associations were adjusted for gender, assay batch, household occupational group, smoking, medication usage, and self-reported health. There was a negative association between log sIgA secretion rate and all-cause mortality, HR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.73–0.91, p < .001. Further analysis of specific causes of mortality revealed that the all-cause association was due to an underlying association with cancer mortality and in particular with cancers other than lung cancer. The HR for non-lung cancer was 0.68 (95%CI = 0.54 to 0.85) implying a 32% reduction in mortality risk per standard deviation rise in log sIgA secretion rate. Effects were stronger for men than women. For deaths from respiratory diseases, sIgA secretion had a non-linear relationship with mortality risk whereby only the very lowest levels of secretion were associated with elevated risk. SIgA concentration revealed a similar but weaker pattern of association. In the present study, higher secretion rates of sIgA were associated with a decreased risk of death from cancer, specifically non-lung cancer, as well as from respiratory disease. Thus, it appears that sIgA plays a protective role among older adults, and could serve as a marker of mortality risk, specifically cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Phillips
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
- * E-mail:
| | - Douglas Carroll
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Clinical Immunology Service, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Geoff Der
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawazin W. Elani
- Oral Health and Society Unit, Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University at the time of this study
| | | | | | - Laura Mancini
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University at the time of this study
| | | | - Christophe Bedos
- Oral Health and Society Unit, Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University
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Divaris K, Polychronopoulou A, Villa-Torres L, Mafla AC, Moya GA, González-Martínez F, Vila-Sierra LA, Fortich-Mesa N, Gómez-Scarpetta RÁ, Duque-Restrepo LM. Extracurricular Factors Influence Perceived Stress in a Large Cohort of Colombian Dental Students. J Dent Educ 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.2.tb05672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; United States
| | - Argy Polychronopoulou
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry; University of Athens School of Dentistry; Athens Greece
| | - Laura Villa-Torres
- Department of Health Behavior; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; United States
| | - Ana Cristina Mafla
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia-Pasto School of Dentistry; Pasto Colombia
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Hamuro K, Kotani Y, Toba M, Kakumoto K, Kohda N. Comparison of salivary IgA secretion rate collected by the aspiration method and swab method. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2013; 32:107-12. [PMID: 24936369 PMCID: PMC4034363 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.32.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) is used as an immunity marker, as saliva can be easily
collected, noninvasively with little stress. However, several saliva collection methods
can be used. Our comparison between samples collected using different methods demonstrated
that the salivary IgA secretion rate in samples collected using an aspiration method was
significantly correlated with that in samples collected using a swab method. Moreover, the
significant circadian variation in salivary IgA secretion rate in the aspirated saliva
suggested that the aspiration method does not suppress salivary IgA secretion rate
variability compared with the swab method. Therefore, the aspiration method should be
considered as the preferable saliva collection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hamuro
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-31-13 Saigawa Otsu, Shiga 520-0002, Japan ; Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-31-13 Saigawa Otsu, Shiga 520-0002, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kotani
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-31-13 Saigawa Otsu, Shiga 520-0002, Japan ; Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-31-13 Saigawa Otsu, Shiga 520-0002, Japan
| | - Masamichi Toba
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-31-13 Saigawa Otsu, Shiga 520-0002, Japan
| | - Keiji Kakumoto
- Information Management Office, Drug Safety Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kohda
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-31-13 Saigawa Otsu, Shiga 520-0002, Japan
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Molony RD, Rice JM, Yuk JS, Shetty V, Dey D, Lawrence DA, Lynes MA. Mining the salivary proteome with grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging and surface plasmon coupled emission microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 18:Unit 18.16.1-19. [PMID: 22896008 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1816s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological indicators have numerous and widespread utility in personalized medicine, but the measurement of these indicators also poses many technological and practical challenges. Blood/plasma has typically been used as the sample source with which to measure these indicators, but the invasiveness associated with sample procurement has led to increased interest in saliva as an attractive alternative. However, there are unique issues associated with the measurement of saliva biomarkers. These issues are compounded by the imperfect correlation between saliva and plasma with respect to biomarker profiles. In this manuscript, we address the technical challenges associated with saliva biomarker quantification. We describe a high-content microarray assay that employs both grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging and surface plasmon-coupled emission modalities in a highly sensitive assay with a large dynamic range. This powerful approach provides the tools to map the proteome of saliva, which in turn should greatly enhance the utility of salivary biomarker profiles in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Molony
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Jeong SC, Koyyalamudi SR, Pang G. Dietary intake of Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom accelerates salivary immunoglobulin A secretion in healthy volunteers. Nutrition 2012; 28:527-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune function alterations; however, few studies have simultaneously investigated these systems in participants with PTSD. In this study, HPA axis and immune function in 26 women with PTSD with and without major depressive disorder was compared to 24 traumatized controls and to 21 nontraumatized controls. Posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with low cortisol and higher levels of DHEA and greater production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to traumatized and healthy controls. Women with PTSD and depression exhibited greater production of IL-6 and higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) than those with PTSD, but without depression. These findings suggest dysregulated HPA axis and immune function in women with PTSD, and that comorbid depression may contribute to these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gill
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1506, USA.
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Gallagher S, Phillips AC, Evans P, Der G, Hunt K, Carroll D. Caregiving is associated with low secretion rates of immunoglobulin A in saliva. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:565-72. [PMID: 18178376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the chronic stress of caring for a sick/disabled relative has been associated with poorer immunity using a range of outcomes, its impact on secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in saliva has yet to be examined. Three hypotheses were tested in analyses of data from a large community sample: first, caregivers would have lower S-IgA secretion rates than non-caregivers; second, the impact of caregiving on S-IgA would be particularly apparent in older participants; third, for caregivers, caregiving burden would be negatively associated with S-IgA. The sample comprised three distinct age cohorts, one young (N=623), one middle aged (N=639), and the other elderly (N=582). Participants were classified as caregivers if they regularly cared for somebody other than routine childcare. Caregiving strain was measured and a caregiving burden index was then derived as the composite of the number of people being cared for, the type of care provided, and the residential status of the person being cared for. From 2-min saliva samples, S-IgA secretion rate was measured. There was a significant caregiver status by age cohort interaction; caregivers in the eldest cohort had lower S-IgA secretion rates than their non-caregiving counterparts. Caregiving strain and burden and S-IgA were related, such that caregivers who experienced greater strain and burden had lower S-IgA secretion rates. These findings resonate with those from other studies using different immune outcomes. Considered together, it is clear that that the chronic stress of caregiving has widespread effects on immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gallagher
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soo-Quee Koh
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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