1
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Semenza DC, Ziminski D, Anestis MD. Physical Intimate Partner Violence and Emotional Harm in Five U.S. States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2344-2368. [PMID: 38158732 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231218219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and four related aspects of emotional well-being: threat sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, impulse control, and access to resources for emotional regulation. We draw on a transactional model of IPV and emotional regulation to theorize how invalidation and partner threats in relationships can generate harmful emotional outcomes. We used representative data collected for residents living in five U.S. states: Colorado, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Texas. Our analytic sample included individuals who reported having been in a romantic relationship in the past year (N = 2,501). Data were collected using a probability-based web panel, between April 29 and May 15, 2022. Following the presentation of descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations, we developed a series of four multivariate models (ordinary least squares [OLS], negative binomial) to analyze the association between IPV victimization and each emotional outcome. All models adjusted for pertinent demographic and geographic control measures. Physical IPV victimization was associated with increased intolerance of uncertainty and heightened threat sensitivity. IPV victimization also corresponded with poorer impulse control and fewer resources for emotional regulation. Overall, our results demonstrate that experiences of physical IPV victimization are linked to poorer emotional outcomes. These outcomes can be harmful to broader mental health and potentially impact long-term well-being. The findings underscore the importance of mental health screenings that extend beyond assessments of diagnostic-level functions and allocating resources toward alleviating other clinically relevant factors that might arise from or even prompt additional exposure to physical IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Semenza
- Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Devon Ziminski
- Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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2
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Trombetta T, Rollè L. Internalized Homonegativity, Emotion Dysregulation, and Physical Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: A Psychological Mediation Framework-Based Model. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:996-1013. [PMID: 37791491 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231201822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Same-sex intimate partner violence (SSIPV) is still under-investigated despite its spreading. Unique risk factors, such as internalized homonegativity, have been found to be related to physical SSIPV perpetration. However, the mechanisms that regulate this association are still unclear. Drawing from the psychological mediation framework (PMF), this paper aimed to explore the relationship between internalized homonegativity and physical SSIPV perpetration, assessing the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. In all, 139 gay and lesbian participants involved in same-sex relationships participated in the study by completing a self-administered online questionnaire. Mediation analyses were used to assess both the direct and indirect effects. Internalized homonegativity was not directly associated with physical SSIPV perpetration. However, internalized homonegativity was positively associated with emotion dysregulation, which, in turn, was positively associated with physical SSIPV perpetration. The indirect effect of internalized homonegativity on physical SSIPV perpetration through emotion dysregulation was also confirmed. The results that emerged extend the application of the PMF to SSIPV. The data found can inform both preventive interventions and treatments targeting SSIPV perpetrators to reduce the phenomenon and limit recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Rollè
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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3
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Amaoui S, Marín-Morales A, Martín-Pérez C, Pérez-García M, Verdejo-Román J, Morawetz C. Intrinsic neural network dynamics underlying the ability to down-regulate emotions in male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2025-2040. [PMID: 37689595 PMCID: PMC10587320 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has pointed to difficulties in emotion regulation as a risk factor for perpetrating intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). While efforts have been made to understand the brain mechanisms underlying emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal, little is known about the intrinsic neural dynamics supporting this strategy in male perpetrators. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterise the network dynamics underlying reappraisal. Spectral dynamic causal modelling was performed to examine the effective connectivity (EC) within a predefined reappraisal-related brain network. 26 men convicted for an IPVAW crime [male perpetrators] were compared to 29 men convicted of other crimes [other offenders] and 29 men with no criminal records [non-offenders]. The ability to down-regulate emotions in response to IPVAW stimuli was used as a covariate to explore its association with male perpetrators' EC. The analysis revealed that (1) compared to non-offenders, both convicted groups exhibited increased EC within prefrontal areas, enhanced EC from prefrontal to temporoparietal regions and decreased EC in the opposite direction; (2) male perpetrators compared to other offenders showed increased EC from temporoparietal to prefrontal regions and, increased EC from the supplementary motor area to frontal areas; (3) connections involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were found to be potential predictors of the ability to down-regulate emotions. The study provides a deeper characterisation of the brain architecture of the processes that underlie IPVAW. This knowledge could inform the work of adaptive emotion regulation strategies in intervention programmes for male perpetrators in order to reduce the high recidivism rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Amaoui
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agar Marín-Morales
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus María Zambrano. Plaza de la Universidad 1, 40005, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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DeGue S, Singleton R, Kearns M. A Qualitative Analysis of Beliefs about Masculinity and Gender Socialization among US Mothers and Fathers of School-Age Boys. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2023; 25:152-164. [PMID: 38799185 PMCID: PMC11120519 DOI: 10.1037/men0000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Internalization of culturally dominant masculine gender role norms can have harmful impacts on the physical and emotional health of men and boys. Although parents play an important role in influencing gender-related beliefs in their children, limited research has examined how contemporary parents conceptualize masculinity and their role in gender socialization. The current study conducted 13 focus groups with Black, Latino, and White parents (N = 83) of school-age boys from rural and urban areas in a large southeastern state in the US. Parent beliefs about masculinity existed across a spectrum from "rigid" (representing narrow, culturally dominant masculine norms) to "flexible" (defining a broader set of behaviors and attitudes as masculine). In general, more flexible beliefs were expressed by mothers than fathers, and by White than Black and Latino parents. Most parents reacted positively to messages about potential harms associated with restrictive masculinity norms; however, many saw these issues primarily as parenting challenges (e.g., teaching boys to resist negative peer influences) rather than related to gender socialization. Some unique themes also emerged within racial/ethnic groups, with Black parents noting the impact of racial discrimination on societal expectations for Black men and fathers, and Latino parents describing generational shifts towards more equitable gender role attitudes and parenting practices. These findings highlight the need for more complex and nuanced messages about masculinity norms and their relationship to health and well-being and can help inform the development of interventions to promote healthy masculine gender socialization, increase health equity, and prevent injury and violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah DeGue
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Megan Kearns
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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5
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Hammett JF, Chen W, Stappenbeck CA, Davis KC. Preliminary Efficacy of a Cognitive Restructuring Intervention for Intimate Partner Aggression: Emotional Clarity as a Mechanism of Change. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7037-7046. [PMID: 36472360 PMCID: PMC10060061 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221140054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a widespread public health problem, empirically supported interventions for IPA are limited. Furthermore, existing interventions tend to be resource-intensive and may not adequately address the risk factors that serve to maintain IPA, resulting in challenges to intervention dissemination and implementation. Based on theoretical and empirical findings linking emotional clarity and IPA, this study represents a secondary data analysis to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a brief web-based cognitive restructuring (CR) intervention to reduce psychological and physical IPA perpetration intentions by increasing emotional clarity skills. In all, 137 men were randomized into a CR intervention versus control condition and subsequently completed an aggression analog scenario. Results of structural equation modeling analyses showed a significant indirect effect of the intervention on psychological IPA intentions via increased emotional clarity. Specifically, men in the CR intervention condition evidenced greater emotional clarity as compared to men in the control condition, which, in turn, was related to lower intentions to perpetrate psychological IPA. The indirect effect from the CR intervention to physical IPA intentions via emotional clarity was not statistically significant. These findings provide promising initial support for the usefulness of the current CR intervention in reducing psychological IPA. Next steps in this line of research include expansion to a randomized controlled trial that tests intervention effects on real-world IPA perpetration across more diverse samples. Importantly, our findings highlight that CR skills can be delivered via a brief web-based intervention, which decreases potential barriers to dissemination and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Hammett
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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6
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Logoz F, Eggenberger L, Komlenac N, Schneeberger M, Ehlert U, Walther A. How do traditional masculinity ideologies and emotional competence relate to aggression and physical domestic violence in cisgender men? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1100114. [PMID: 36998370 PMCID: PMC10043379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMen are disproportionately often perpetrators of physical domestic violence (DV). Gender role constructs, such as traditional masculinity ideologies (TMI), are broadly accepted as an explanation for this effect. Emotional competence further constitutes an important role in TMI and the prevention of DV. However, the interactions between these constructs remains unclear.ObjectiveThe present study aims to investigate associations of TMI with aggression, DV perpetration, and emotional competence, while also examining emotional competence as a potential moderator.MethodA sample of 428 cisgender men (Mage = 43.9 ± 15.3) from German-speaking countries in Europe completed an anonymous online survey that assessed TMI, aggression, and DV perpetration as well as alexithymia, emotion regulation, and self-compassion as indicators of emotional competence.ResultsStrong TMI were associated with high levels of aggression and overall reduced emotional competence, as reflected by high levels of alexithymia, frequent use of expressive suppression, and low levels of self-compassion. Strong conformity to TMI was associated with a higher likelihood for DV perpetration when considering relevant sociodemographic covariates. Moderation analyses revealed that expressive suppression buffered the association between TMI and DV perpetration.ConclusionMen with strong TMI report high levels of aggression and impaired emotional competence. While strong conformity to TMI was associated with more frequent perpetration of DV, higher expressive suppression seems to buffer the association between TMI and DV perpetration. The present study highlights the importance of addressing gender ideologies when working on aggression, DV perpetration and emotional competence in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Logoz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Eggenberger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Komlenac
- Institute of Diversity in Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Michèle Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Walther
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andreas Walther,
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7
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Ogrodniczuk JS, Sivagurunathan M, Kealy D, Rice SM, Seidler ZE, Oliffe JL. Suicidal ideation among men during COVID-19: Examining the roles of loneliness, thwarted belongingness, and personality impairment. Scand J Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36744862 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal ideation (SI) is a known precursor to suicide among men. While loneliness and thwarted belongingness (TB) have been identified as key factors influencing SI, no study has reported on all three constructs to investigate whether loneliness is associated with SI by way of TB. Furthermore, it is not clear whether personality impairment has a moderating role on this process. The present study examined the impact of loneliness on SI among men and whether TB mediated this relationship. Additionally, the study investigated whether personality impairment (i.e., self-functioning, interpersonal functioning) moderated the relationship between loneliness and TB. Canadian men (N = 434) completed an online survey that included self-report assessments of the study constructs. Conditional process modeling was used to test the indirect effect of loneliness on SI via the mediating effect of TB. Findings indicated a significant association between loneliness and SI that was mediated by TB. Further, impairment in self-functioning moderated the relationship between loneliness and TB, indicating that the relationship was stronger among men with greater difficulties in self-functioning. The findings are important to consider within the COVID-19 context, as they point to the need to reduce the detrimental impacts of loneliness, thereby potentially mitigating male SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marudan Sivagurunathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Berke DS, Moody RL, Grov C, Rendina HJ. Psychosocial Risk Pathways from Childhood Sexual Abuse to Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Men: A Test of the Psychological Mediation Framework of Minority Stress. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3321-3343. [PMID: 35652430 PMCID: PMC9841749 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual minority men experience elevated rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and equal or greater rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization compared to heterosexual individuals, little research has examined mechanisms linking these forms of victimization in this high-need population. We examined general (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties) and sexual minority specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) mediational pathways between CSA and IPV victimization in a longitudinal sample of 940 sexual minority men. Path analyses revealed significant associations between CSA and internalized homophobia, between internalized homophobia and emotion regulation difficulties, and between emotion regulation difficulties and IPV victimization. No indirect effects of CSA on IPV via general or minority specific pathways were observed. Findings suggest that minority stress specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) and general psychological risk factors (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties) co-occur and may function along independent pathways to link CSA to IPV revictimization. Future work is needed to investigate how mitigation of these modifiable pathways may be targeted to inform violence prevention interventions for sexual minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Berke
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christian Grov
- Department of Community Health and Social Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY
| | - H. Jonathon Rendina
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Gender-based violence in Latin America (Ecuador and Argentina): current state and challenges in the development of psychoeducational materials. DISCOVER PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9793367 DOI: 10.1007/s44202-022-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGender-based violence (GBV) is a complex social and public health problem, which represents a human rights violation. Globally, GBV tends to occur in intimate partner relationships. Latin American countries report high rates of this violence. Despite their social and historical differences, Ecuador and Argentina are among Latin countries that aim to dismantle patriarchy. Developing psychoeducation materials is one way in which communities can recognize and prevent GBV. Psycholinguistics can provide useful tools to facilitate learning about this social issue: prior studies suggest that promoting the establishment of discourse connections, the generation of emotion inferences and the emotional involvement of the comprehender facilitate written and spoken discourse comprehension. The aim of this commentary article is to present an overview of the current incidence of GBV in Ecuador and Argentina, and to highlight the contributions that preliminary research on discourse comprehension can make to facilitate learning about GBV prevention strategies. Finally, we will discuss possible research guidelines and future directions. We expect that this manuscript will contribute to highlighting the importance of promoting social awareness of GBV and, therefore, the crucial role of the design and implementation of scientifically based interventions.
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10
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Audet A, Brassard A, Dugal C, Claing A, Daspe MÈ, Savard C, Lafontaine MF, Péloquin K, Godbout N. Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by Men Seeking Help: The Explanatory Roles of Psychological Distress and Affect Dysregulation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22578-NP22599. [PMID: 35128991 PMCID: PMC9679553 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increase in research initiatives and prevention campaigns, intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a public health problem that affects many victims worldwide. The current study aims to examine whether psychological distress symptoms (anger, depression, and anxiety) are indirectly related to the perpetration of IPV (physical assault, psychological abuse, and coercive control) through affect dysregulation (AD) in men seeking help. Online questionnaires assessing psychological distress symptoms, AD, and violent behaviors were completed by 335 adult men entering treatment for IPV. A path analysis model revealed the indirect associations between psychological distress symptoms and higher IPV perpetration through higher AD. Symptoms of anger were indirectly related to the three forms of perpetrated IPV through higher AD. Symptoms of depression were, directly and indirectly, related to the three forms of perpetrated IPV through higher AD. Finally, symptoms of anxiety were directly related to lower physical assault perpetration, and indirectly related to higher physical assault and coercive control perpetration through higher AD. The final model explained 10% of the variance in perpetrated physical assault, 23% of the variance in perpetrated psychological abuse, and 13% of the variance in perpetrated coercive control. These results underline the necessity of assessing and addressing symptoms of psychological distress and AD among men perpetrators in the treatment of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Audet
- Departement of Psychology, Université de
Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Brassard
- Departement of Psychology, Université de
Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Dugal
- Departement of Psychology, Université de
Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Claing
- Departement of Psychology, Université de
Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Daspe
- Departement of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Savard
- Departement of Fundamentals and
Basics in Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Natacha Godbout
- Departement of Sexology, Université du Québec à
Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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11
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Sileo KM, Luttinen R, Muñoz S, Hill TD. Mechanisms Linking Masculine Discrepancy Stress and the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men in the United States. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221119355. [PMID: 36028978 PMCID: PMC9421240 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies show that masculine discrepancy stress (i.e., the intrapsychic
strain associated with failing to meet internalized masculine ideals) is
associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, little is known
about the processes underlying this association. There may be other social
psychological constructs at play that explain this relationship further. The
present study uses recently collected data from a national survey of men living
in the United States (n = 711) to formally test whether the
effects of discrepancy stress on three different forms of IPV perpetration are
mediated by anger, self-esteem, and perceived powerlessness. We find that
discrepancy stress is directly associated with higher levels of anger, lower
levels self-esteem, a sense of powerlessness, and a greater odds of perpetrating
any physical IPV and severe physical IPV resulting in injuries, but not sexual
IPV perpetration in our sample of men. Our mediation analyses confirms that
masculine discrepancy stress is indirectly associated with perpetrating all
three forms of IPV through the mechanism of anger. Self-esteem and perceived
powerlessness are not supported as mediators. These findings add to our
understanding of the link between masculinity and violence perpetration and can
inform IPV reduction interventions. Gender transformative interventions that
reduce discrepancy stress among men by shifting men’s adherence to traditional
masculine norms, and that integrate anger management strategies, should be
explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M. Sileo
- Department of Public Health, The
University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Katelyn M. Sileo, Department of Public
Health, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX
78249, USA.
| | - Rebecca Luttinen
- Department of Demography, The
University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suyapa Muñoz
- Department of Public Health, The
University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terrence D. Hill
- Department of Sociology, The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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12
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Mahlangu P, Gibbs A, Shai N, Machisa M, Nunze N, Sikweyiya Y. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown and link to women and children's experiences of violence in the home in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1029. [PMID: 35597933 PMCID: PMC9123923 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and lockdown remains at an early stage. There is limited research about the impact of hard lockdown restrictions on families, specifically how these restrictions impact on women and children’s experiences of domestic violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse in South Africa. We conducted research among men and women in Gauteng province, South Africa to understand their experiences of the COVID-19 national lockdown and its impact and link to women and children’s experiences of domestic violence. Methods We conducted a qualitative study, using social media to recruit men and women who were 18 years and older, living with a spouse and/or children in Gauteng province, South Africa during the lockdown. To collect the data, we conducted telephone interviews, and analyzed data using the thematic approach. Results The lockdown had unprecedented negative economic impacts on families, and exacerbated some of the risk factors for violence against women and children in the home in South Africa. Some women reported experiences of emotional violence. Experiences of physical violence were mostly amongst children. The risk factors for women and children’s experiences of violence in the home differed by socio-economic class. Job losses and reduction in earnings resulted to food insecurity which was a key driver of violence in most low socio-economic status (SES) families. Confinement in the home with spouses was an unfamiliar and difficult experience, associated with conflict and perpetration of violence by men in high SES families. Participants across socio-economic groups reported high levels of stress with limited psychosocial support available during the lockdown. Conclusions Our finding showing a link between low-socio-economic status and increased risk for domestic violence during the lockdown in South Africa suggests the need for socio-economic interventions to mitigate these risks. Structural and social relief measures need to be strengthened to reduce the loss of jobs and income and to address food insecurity during pandemics. Psychosocial support should be provided to men and women to mitigate the mental health impacts of the pandemics and lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mahlangu
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa. .,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - A Gibbs
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa.,Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - N Shai
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Machisa
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Nunze
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Y Sikweyiya
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Holzman JB, Kennedy SM, Grassie HL, Ehrenreich-May J. Associations between dispositional parental emotion regulation and youth mental health symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 95:102174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Grunewald W, Kinkel-Ram SS, Smith AR. Conformity to masculine norms, masculine discrepancy stress, and changes in muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Body Image 2022; 40:237-248. [PMID: 35066243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a severe psychiatric illness; however, little is known regarding risk factors for MD development. Conformity to masculine norms may represent a risk factor for MD, but research has yet to establish temporal ordering for these relationships. Masculine discrepancy stress (distress at not amounting to masculine stereotypes) could represent a mechanism underlying these relationships. Therefore, the current study examined longitudinal relationships between conformity to masculine norms, masculine discrepancy stress, and MD symptoms. Participants were 272 men displaying elevated MD symptoms who completed self-report questionnaires at three timepoints. An autoregressive cross-lagged mediation model was specified to examine relationships between conformity to masculine norms and MD symptoms and test if masculine discrepancy stress mediated these relationships. Masculine discrepancy stress did not mediate relationships between masculine norms and MD symptoms. However, MD symptoms predicted increased masculine discrepancy stress, and conformity to masculine norms was related to MD symptoms. MD symptoms were both a predictor and outcome of masculine norms, and signs for relationships differed on the masculine norm endorsed. Conformity to masculine norms may represent a risk factor and outcome for MD symptoms. If clinicians provide clients with tools to reduce rigid adherence to masculine identities, this may prevent MD symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grunewald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Shruti S Kinkel-Ram
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Miami University, 90N Patterson Avenue, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - April R Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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15
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Berke DS, Liautaud M, Tuten M. Men's psychiatric distress in context: Understanding the impact of masculine discrepancy stress, race, and barriers to help-seeking. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:946-960. [PMID: 33233965 PMCID: PMC9870072 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320977641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined perceived barriers to help-seeking as mechanisms by which masculinity may generate risk for psychiatric distress in men. An online sample of 558 men completed self-report measures of masculine discrepancy stress (i.e. distress about one's perceived gender nonconformity), barriers to help-seeking, and psychiatric distress. A significant indirect effect of masculine discrepancy stress on psychiatric distress emerged through perceived barriers to help-seeking; notably, this effect was stronger among Men of Color (vs White men). The promotion of optimal psychiatric functioning in men may necessitate interventions that target the effects of masculine socialization and race-related stress on help-seeking attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Berke
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA,The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA
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16
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Jiang X, Moreno J, Ng Z. Examining the interplay of emotion regulation strategies, social stress, and gender in predicting life satisfaction of emerging adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Mesler RM, Leary RB, Montford WJ. The impact of masculinity stress on preferences and willingness-to-pay for red meat. Appetite 2021; 171:105729. [PMID: 34619245 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the effects of masculinity stress-distress arising from a perceived discrepancy with male gender norms-on red meat consumption, which has potentially substantial individual, collective, and ecological consequences. Across three studies, we demonstrate a positive indirect effect of masculinity stress on red meat consumption through beliefs that meat consumption can augment masculinity, an effect which is moderated by one's self-assessed traditional masculinity (study 1). We further demonstrate attenuation of the effect of masculinity stress on red meat preference when a red meat product is associated with an out-group (i.e., women; study 2) and show that this effect does not extend to women. In study 3, we show that the effect of masculinity stress on choice of red meat is attenuated following a masculinity affirmation. We finish with a detailed discussion of implications and directions for future research. Taken together, we provide convergent evidence that masculinity stress is associated with red meat preference, and that this preference can be discouraged by leveraging out-group reference information and masculinity affirmation. In so doing, this research provides a series of contributions to the literatures on meat eating and vegetarianism specifically, as well as gender identity maintenance more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon MacDonnell Mesler
- Institute for Consumer and Social Well-Being, Dhillon School of Business, University of Lethbridge (Calgary Campus), 345 6 Ave SE S6032, Calgary, AB, T2G 4V1, Canada.
| | - R Bret Leary
- College of Business, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - William J Montford
- Davis College of Business, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd North, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA.
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18
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Buunk AP, Massar K. Intimate Partner Violence in Nicaragua: The Role of Possessive Jealousy, Intrasexual Competitiveness, Life History, Mate Value, and Stress. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP8101-NP8123. [PMID: 30973043 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519842854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using an evolutionary perspective, we examined predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Department of the Rio San Juan in Nicaragua. Specifically, we focused on possessive jealousy, intrasexual competitiveness, life history strategy, mate value, and stress. The sample consisted of 199 men and 201 women (mean age = 36.48, SD = 10.47) from the general population who were all personally interviewed. For all variables, validated measures were used. The data were analyzed for men and women separately, using regression analyses. In contrast to previous research and our expectations, possessive jealousy was not related to IPV among men or women. Rather, among men, IPV was independently predicted by (a) intrasexual competitiveness, (b) a fast life history strategy, (c) a low mate value, and (d) stress, together explaining 35% of the variance. Among women, violence against one's partner was only predicted by intrasexual competitiveness (3% explained variance). These results suggest that perpetration of IPV in Nicaragua may have qualitative different roots among men than among women, and that for men, more "triggers" are present which may evoke aggression toward their partners. These results are discussed in light of their relevance for theory and practice.
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19
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Wojciechowski T. The dual mediating roles of impulsivity and emotion regulation of the borderline personality disorder-violence relationship: A structural equation modeling approach. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:2329-2339. [PMID: 34286852 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the past research has indicated that features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) increase the risk for violence, much less research has examined the mediators of this relationship. This study examined the mediating roles that impulsivity and emotion dysregulation may play in explaining the relationship between BPD and violence. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to estimate the direct effect of BPD features on violent offending risk and to examine the mediating roles of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Results indicated that the direct effect of BPD symptoms on violence was mediated to non-significance by key constructs, and the magnitude of the effect was reduced by around 40%. The total indirect effect was significant, and the mediation was attributed mainly to impulsivity. This indicates the importance of structuring treatment programming for BPD patients around impulsivity for reducing violence. Programming focused on improving impulsivity among individuals suffering from BPD may aid in reducing violent offending among this population, particularly those prior histories of involvement with the criminal justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wojciechowski
- Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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20
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Livingston JD, Youssef GJ, StGeorge J, Wynter K, Dowse E, Francis LM, Di Manno L, Teague S, Demmer D, Collins S, Wilford E, Leach L, Melvin GA, Macdonald JA. Paternal coping and psychopathology during the perinatal period: A mixed studies systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102028. [PMID: 33975226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
How fathers cope with stress may be critical to their mental health during the perinatal period. Using a sequential explanatory design for systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify associations and causal relations between higher- and lower-order avoidant and approach coping strategies and paternal psychopathology. We searched five electronic databases and grey literature, and used random-effects models to calculate pooled effects from 11 quantitative studies. Meta-analytic results were integrated with findings from 18 qualitative studies. Fathers' avoidant coping was positively associated with global psychopathology and depression. Approach-oriented coping, particularly problem-solving, was associated with positive affect but not psychopathology. Qualitative findings indicate distressed fathers employ avoidant coping strategies such as suppression, distraction, and social withdrawal. Approach-oriented coping strategies such as problem-solving and cognitive reappraisals appeared to be constructive components of men's coping repertoires supporting adaptation to fatherhood. Different coping strategies and approaches may reflect enactment of constrictive, moderate, or reinterpreted masculine norms. Study designs did not allow conclusions about causal relations between coping and psychopathology. Screening for, and targeting of, high avoidant coping among expectant and new fathers may help detect men at risk of or experiencing mental health difficulties and inform clinical response to psychopathology. Research examining whether different patterns of avoidant and approach coping are associated with psychopathology over time could inform interventions to support men's mental health and adaptation to fatherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne D Livingston
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Karen Wynter
- Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research - Western Health Partnership, St Albans, Australia
| | - Eileen Dowse
- University of Newcastle, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lauren M Francis
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Laura Di Manno
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Samantha Teague
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Demmer
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sam Collins
- Deakin University, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Emily Wilford
- Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Liana Leach
- Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Glenn A Melvin
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal & Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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Adhia A, Gordon AR, Roberts AL, Fitzmaurice GM, Hemenway D, Austin SB. Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Intimate Partner Violence in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP3130-NP3152. [PMID: 29683080 PMCID: PMC9918303 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518770643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood gender nonconformity has been associated with numerous adverse experiences, including peer bullying and homophobic violence. However, little is known about gender nonconformity in the context of intimate relationships, independent of sexual orientation. This study aimed to examine associations between childhood gender nonconformity and intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from the 2007 wave of the U.S. Growing Up Today Study (N = 7,641, mean age = 22.8 years), we estimated risk ratios (RRs) for the association of gender nonconformity up to age 11 years and lifetime IPV victimization and perpetration. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, including sexual orientation identity. We assessed effect modification by gender and examined whether childhood abuse mediated the association between nonconformity and IPV. Males in the top decile of nonconformity were at elevated risk of IPV victimization (RR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.15, 1.71]) and IPV perpetration (RR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.54, 3.56) compared with those below median nonconformity, adjusting for sexual orientation and demographic characteristics. There was no evidence of a similar association for females in the top decile of gender nonconformity. Childhood abuse did not mediate IPV disparities by gender nonconformity. We identify gender nonconformity as an important risk indicator for IPV victimization and perpetration among young adult males, independent of sexual orientation. Findings highlight the vulnerability of boys and men who do not conform to societal gender norms and the importance of studying gender expression as a determinant of violence. IPV prevention efforts may be improved with more explicit focus on socially constructed gender norms and support for diverse gender expressions. Further research into the pathways between nonconformity and IPV and in more diverse populations is needed to build a more comprehensive understanding of the unique experiences gender nonconforming youth face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,
USA
| | | | | | - Garrett M. Fitzmaurice
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,
USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - David Hemenway
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,
USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Acute stress reduces the emotional attentional blink: Evidence from human electrophysiology. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 21:58-73. [PMID: 33263152 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first to examine the time-dependent mechanism of acute stress on emotional attentional blink (EAB) with event-related potential (ERP) measures. We explored the stage characteristics of stress affecting EAB, whether it affects the early selective attention process (marked by early posterior negativity) or the late working memory consolidation (marked by late positive potential). Sixty-one healthy participants were exposed to either a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control condition, and salivary cortisol was measured to reflect the stress effect. ERPs were recorded during an attentional blink (AB) paradigm in which target one (T1) were negative or neutral images. Results showed stress generally reduced AB effects. Specifically, stress promoted the early selective attention process of target two (T2) following a neutral T1 but did not affect T2 consolidation into working memory. Correlational analyses further confirmed the positive effect of cortisol and negative emotional state on AB performance. Moreover, the ERP results of acute stress on AB conformed to the trade-off effect between T1 and T2; that is, stress reduced T1 late working memory consolidation and improved T2 early selective attention process. These findings further demonstrated that stress did not change the central resource limitation of AB. In general, stress generates a dissociable effect on AB early- and late-stage processing; namely, acute stress reduce the AB effect mainly from the improvement of participants' overall ability to select the targets in the early stage.
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23
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Cunningham ML, Rodgers RF, Lavender JM, Nagata JM, Frederick D, Szabo M, Murray SB. 'Big boys don't cry': Examining the indirect pathway of masculinity discrepancy stress and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology through dimensions of emotion dysregulation. Body Image 2020; 34:209-214. [PMID: 32653831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevailing conceptualizations of muscle dysmorphia (MD) have highlighted the role of adherence to stereotypical ideals of masculinity. In addition, the endorsement of masculine norms has been associated with dysfunctional emotional regulation, itself a correlate of body image psychopathology. Building on this, the present study sought to investigate the indirect relationship between masculinity discrepancy stress (i.e., distress related to one's perceived discrepancy in masculinity) and MD symptomatology via different facets of emotion dysregulation among adult men. A sample of 391 university and community men aged 18-50 years completed an online survey measuring the aforementioned constructs. A test of parallel indirect pathways revealed that emotion dysregulation, as a unitary construct, accounted for a substantial proportion (29.3 %) of the total association between masculinity discrepancy stress and MD symptomatology. Further, a significant unique indirect pathway was found through the specific emotion dysregulation facet of lack of access to adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Together, these findings suggest that emotion dysregulation is a particularly important construct to consider in understanding the relationship between perceived discrepancies in masculinity and MD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Marianna Szabo
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Cunningham ML, Nagata JM, Frederick D, Rodgers RF, Lavender JM, Szabo M, Murray SB. Who's the 'bigger' man? Parsing the relationships between masculinity and men's muscularity dissatisfaction. Body Image 2020; 34:94-100. [PMID: 32659680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscularity dissatisfaction is documented to be a pervasive phenomenon among men. While previous studies have examined theoretically relevant predictors of muscularity dissatisfaction, such as adherence to traditional masculine norms, to the best of our knowledge we are not aware of empirical research that has assessed how perceived discrepancies in one's level of masculinity may also be associated with these concerns. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether perceived deficits in masculinity bear predictive utility over and above adherence to traditional masculine norms in the context of muscularity dissatisfaction. An online survey that included measures assessing the aforementioned constructs was completed by 390 university and community adult men. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that while adherence to masculine norms was associated with increased muscularity dissatisfaction, masculine role discrepancy (and attendant stress) were particularly strong predictors of muscularity dissatisfaction. Our findings make a novel contribution to the male body image literature by demonstrating the relative importance of perceived discrepancies in masculinity, and related stress, in the context of muscularity dissatisfaction. Pending replication in relevant clinical samples using prospective designs, this study provides preliminary evidence that masculine role discrepancies may be promising targets to help allay muscularity concerns among men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - David Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, USA
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA; The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, USA
| | - Marianna Szabo
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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25
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Zietz S, Kajula L, McNaughton Reyes HL, Moracco B, Shanahan M, Martin S, Maman S. Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and subsequent risk of interpersonal violence perpetration among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104256. [PMID: 31835233 PMCID: PMC7719339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse and neglect, are consistently found to be predictors of perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) in adulthood. Children are often exposed to patterns of ongoing and/or multiple-type polyvictimization throughout the life course. OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize patterns of ACEs among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and to examine the relationship between these patterns and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) in adulthood. METHODS We used latent class analysis to identify respondents with similar patterns of ACEs. The analysis was conducted with a sample of 987 men. RESULTS We uncovered five distinct classes of men with specific patterns of ACEs. One consisted of nonvictims and four included various forms of polyvictimization. Men in the polyvictimization classes that included non-violent family dysfunction had significantly higher odds of perpetrating psychological IPV compared to the other three classes (AORs 2.33 and 3.04 compared to nonvictims). Men in the polyvictimization classes that included any sexual violence and/or non-violent family dysfunction had significantly higher odds of perpetrating PV compared to the other two classes (AORs 3.54, 6.10, and 7.42 compared to nonvictims). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that distinct patterns of exposure to ACEs among this population are differentially related to perpetration of IPV and PV in adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of child development interventions in low-and middle-income countries, both for the primary prevention of child adversity and for mitigation of the cognitive and emotional effects of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Zietz
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Erwin Square Mill Building, 202 West Main Street, Bay C, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Lusajo Kajula
- UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Martin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Grady G, Hinshaw‐Fuselier S, Friar N. Expanding perspectives: A social inequities lens on intimate partner violence, reproductive justice, and infant mental health. Infant Ment Health J 2019; 40:624-639. [PMID: 31314924 PMCID: PMC6972627 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a threat to the attainment of reproductive justice. Women who experience IPV are limited in their ability to parent their children in a secure and nurturing environment, which can have negative effects on the mother and child immediately and long-term, potentially distressing reproductive well-being across generations. Societal inequities faced by women, particularly women of color, within education, economic, and legal systems are associated with risk factors for IPV. This article will use national- and state-level data with case examples and the lens of reproductive justice to consider the impact of and potential solutions to historical and institutional inequities related to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Grady
- Louisiana Department of HealthOffice of Public HealthBureau of Family HealthNew OrleansLouisiana
| | | | - Norah Friar
- Louisiana Department of HealthOffice of Public HealthBureau of Family HealthNew OrleansLouisiana
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27
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Berke DS, Reidy D, Zeichner A. Masculinity, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: A critical review and integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 66:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Reidy DE, Kernsmith PD, Malone CA, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Smith-Darden JP. Feminine Discrepancy Stress and Psychosocial Maladjustment Among Adolescent Girls. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:176-186. [PMID: 28608020 PMCID: PMC5857956 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Discrepancy stress, stress about being perceived to not conform to one's gender role (i.e., gender role discrepancy), has demonstrated effects on risky sexual and violent behaviors. However, evidence of these effects has been limited to men and boys, neglecting the impact gender role discrepancy and discrepancy stress may have on girls. In addition, no study to date, has assessed the mental health correlates of gender role discrepancy and discrepancy stress. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the relationship between perceived feminine discrepancy and feminine discrepancy stress and psychosocial maladjustment while controlling for trauma symptoms stemming from the potential repercussions of feminine discrepancy. Maladjustment was measured by creating a second-order latent factor derived from four first-order latent constructs: sexual behavior, substance use, mood disorder symptoms, and hopelessness. Data are drawn from a cross-sectional sample of female students in middle and high school (N = 643) who completed self-report questionnaires. Using structural equation modeling, we found girls reporting feminine discrepancy (i.e., less feminine than the average girl) were more likely to report feminine discrepancy stress and trauma symptomatology. Controlling for feminine discrepancy and trauma symptoms, the relationship between discrepancy stress and maladjustment was positive and significant. Additionally, girls reporting feminine discrepancy scored higher on trauma symptomatology, and trauma demonstrated a strong direct effect on psychosocial maladjustment. These data suggest that developing trauma focused prevention strategies that incorporate social norms around gender socialization may have an impact on multiple behavioral and mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Reidy
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | | | - Carolyn A Malone
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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The Influence of Aggression-Evoking Cues on Aggressive Cognitions in Males and Females: Different Procedures – Similar Effects. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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