1
|
Chen Y, Lin J, Xiao L, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang M, Li L. Gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus: A fuse and a solution. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102867. [PMID: 35932662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut commensals help shape and mold host immune system and deeply influence human health. The disease spectrum of mankind that gut microbiome may associate with is ever-growing, but the mechanisms are still enigmas. Characterized by loss of self-tolerance and sustained self-attack, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is labeled with chronic inflammation, production of autoantibodies and multisystem injury, which so far are mostly incurable. Gut microbiota and their metabolites, now known as important environmental triggers of local/systemic immune responses, have been proposed to be involved in SLE development and progression probably through the following mechanisms: translocation beyond their niches; molecular mimicry to cross-activate immune response targeting self-antigens; epitope spreading to expand autoantibodies spectrum; and bystander activation to promote systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota which varies between individuals may also influence the metabolism and bio-transformation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, thus associated with the efficacy and toxicity of these drugs, adding another explanation for heterogenic therapeutic responses. Modulation of gut microbiota via diet, probiotics/prebiotics, antibiotics/phages, fecal microbiota transplantation, or helminth to restore immune tolerance and homeostasis is expected to be a promising neoadjuvant therapy for SLE. We reviewed the advances in this territory and discussed the application prospect of modulating gut microbiota in controlling SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, Penno MAS, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Ngui KM, Smith AD, Huang D, Zozaya-Valdes E, Thomson RL, Brown JD, Vuillermin PJ, Barry SC, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Morahan G, Sinnott RO, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison LC. Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109189. [PMID: 35051423 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies of the gut microbiome have focused on its bacterial composition. We aimed to characterize the gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) across pregnancy in women with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS Faecal samples (n = 162) were collected from 70 pregnant women (45 with and 25 without type 1 diabetes) across all trimesters. Fungi were analysed by internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing. Markers of intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin) and intestinal epithelial integrity (serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein; I-FABP), and serum antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) were measured. RESULTS Women with type 1 diabetes had decreased fungal alpha diversity by the third trimester, associated with an increased abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was inversely related to the abundance of the anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Women with type 1 diabetes had higher concentrations of calprotectin, I-FABP and ASCA. CONCLUSIONS Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a shift in the gut mycobiome across pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. The relevance of these findings to the higher rate of pregnancy complications in type 1 diabetes warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Roth-Schulze
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena Oakey
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Megan A S Penno
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina M Ngui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alannah D Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dexing Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrique Zozaya-Valdes
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James D Brown
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Faculty of School of Medicine, Deakin University and Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne and Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Services, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng L, Li L, Liu C, Yan S, Li Y. Meta-analysis of anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies as diagnostic markers of Behçet's disease with gastrointestinal involvement. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033880. [PMID: 33028542 PMCID: PMC7539584 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to common exposure to yeast in the alcoholic and baking industry, positive rate of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) is reportedly high in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) who have gastrointestinal symptoms (gastrointestinal BD (GIBD)). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic value of ASCA in differentiating patients with BD from those with other chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS The meta-analysis is presented with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Relevant studies that investigated ASCA levels in patients with BD were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library on 12 July 2019; the search was rerun on 12 February 2020. Stata/SE V.12.0 and Meta-DiSc V.1.4 were used to perform the meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis, disaggregated by isotypes of ASCA. RESULTS Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed a strong association between ASCA and GIBD, especially ASCA-IgG (OR=5.50 (95% CI 2.58 to 11.55), p=0.000) and ASCA-IgG+IgA (OR=5.36 (95% CI 1.40 to 20.45), p=0.014). The positivity rate of ASCA in GIBD was significantly higher than that in ulcerative colitis (UC): IgA (OR=2.13 (95% CI 1.30 to 3.50), p=0.003); IgG+IgA (OR=2.19 (95% CI 1.03 to 4.66), p=0.042); IgG/IgA ((=2.03 (95% CI 1.30 to 3.17), p=0.002). However, the frequency of ASCA-IgG was significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease than GIBD (OR=0.48 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.83), p=0.009). There was no significant difference in ASCA positivity between BD without gastrointestinal involvement and healthy controls and between GIBD and intestinal tuberculosis (iTB) (p>0.05). CONCLUSION ASCA may play a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal involvement. Negative result of IgG favours the diagnosis of GIBD/BD when differentiated from Crohn's disease. ASCA-IgA showed moderate diagnostic performance in distinguishing GIBD and UC and the diagnostic performance was better in combination with IgG. However, ASCA may not be a useful serologic marker distinguishing GIBD and iTB. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020115245.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liubing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kappler K, Hennet T. Emergence and significance of carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Genes Immun 2020; 21:224-239. [PMID: 32753697 PMCID: PMC7449879 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-specific antibodies are widespread among all classes of immunoglobulins. Despite their broad occurrence, little is known about their formation and biological significance. Carbohydrate-specific antibodies are often classified as natural antibodies under the assumption that they arise without prior exposure to exogenous antigens. On the other hand, various carbohydrate-specific antibodies, including antibodies to ABO blood group antigens, emerge after the contact of immune cells with the intestinal microbiota, which expresses a vast diversity of carbohydrate antigens. Here we explore the development of carbohydrate-specific antibodies in humans, addressing the definition of natural antibodies and the production of carbohydrate-specific antibodies upon antigen stimulation. We focus on the significance of the intestinal microbiota in shaping carbohydrate-specific antibodies not just in the gut, but also in the blood circulation. The structural similarity between bacterial carbohydrate antigens and surface glycoconjugates of protists, fungi and animals leads to the production of carbohydrate-specific antibodies protective against a broad range of pathogens. Mimicry between bacterial and human glycoconjugates, however, can also lead to the generation of carbohydrate-specific antibodies that cross-react with human antigens, thereby contributing to the development of autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kappler K, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Opitz L, Hennet T. Increased Antibody Response to Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Fucose-Carrying Bacteroides Species in Crohn's Disease. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1553. [PMID: 32765449 PMCID: PMC7381230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and with elevated antibody production toward microbial epitopes. The underlying processes linking the gut microbiota with inflammation are still unclear. Considering the constant induction of antibodies by gut microbial glycans, the aim of this study was to address whether the repertoire of carbohydrate-specific antibodies is altered in Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. IgG and IgM reactivities to oligosaccharides representative of mucosal glycans were tested in blood serum from 20 healthy control subjects, 17 ulcerative colitis patients, and 23 Crohn's disease patients using glycan arrays. An increased IgG and IgM reactivity toward fucosylated oligosaccharides was detected in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis. To address the antibody reactivity to the gut microbiota, IgG binding to members of a complex intestinal microbiota was measured and observed to be increased in sera of patients with Crohn's disease. Based on the elevated reactivity to fucosylated oligosaccharides, gut bacteria were tested for recognition by the fucose-binding Aleuria aurantia lectin. Bacteroides stercoris was detected in IgG- and lectin-positive fractions and reactivity of A. aurantia lectin was demonstrated for additional Bacteroides species. IgG reactivity to these Bacteroides species was significantly increased in inflammatory bowel disease patients, indicating that the increased reactivity to fucosylated oligosaccharides detected in Crohn's disease may be induced by fucose-carrying intestinal bacteria. Enhanced antibody response to fucosylated epitopes may have systemic effects by altering the binding of circulating antibodies to endogenous glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David F. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mazzoleni A, Mallet JM, Rovero P, Papini AM. Glycoreplica peptides to investigate molecular mechanisms of immune-mediated physiological versus pathological conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:44-53. [PMID: 30594643 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the role of saccharides and glycoconjugates in mechanisms of immune-mediated physiological and pathological conditions is a hot topic. In fact, in many autoimmune diseases cross-reactivity between sugar moieties exposed on exogenous pathogens and self-molecules has long been hinted. Several peptides have been reported as mimetics of glycans specifically interacting with sugar-binding antibodies. The seek for these glycoreplica peptides is instrumental in characterizing antigen mimicry pathways and their involvement in triggering autoimmunity. Therefore, peptides mimicking glycan-protein interactions are valuable molecular tools to overcome the difficulties of oligosaccharide preparations. The clinical impact of peptide-based probes for autoimmune diseases diagnosis and follow-up is emerging only recently as just the tip of the iceberg of an overlooked potential. Here we provide a brief overview of the relevance of the structural and functional aspects of peptide probes and their mimicry effect in autoimmunity mechanisms for promising applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mazzoleni
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceuticals, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Platform of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology - PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benito-León J, Laurence M. The Role of Fungi in the Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:535. [PMID: 29085329 PMCID: PMC5650687 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Infectious triggers of MS are being actively investigated. Substantial evidence supports the involvement of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), though other viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi are also being considered. Many links between fungi and diseases involving chronic inflammation have been found recently. Evidence linking MS and fungi is reviewed here. The HLA-DRB1*15 allele group is the most important genetic risk factor of MS, and is a risk factor in several other conditions linked to fungal infections. Many biomarkers of MS are consistent with fungal infections, such as IL-17, chitotriosidase, and antibodies against fungi. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), first used as an industrial fungicide, was recently repurposed to reduce MS symptoms. Its mechanisms of action in MS have not been firmly established. The low risk of MS during childhood and its moderate association with herpes simplex virus type 2 suggest genital exposure to microbes (including fungi) should be investigated as a possible trigger. Molecular and epidemiological evidence support a role for infections such as EBV in MS. Though fungal infections have not been widely studied in MS, many lines of evidence are consistent with a fungal etiology. Future microbiome and serological studies should consider fungi as a possible risk factor for MS, and future clinical studies should consider the effect of fungicides other than DMF on MS symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salamati S, Martins C, Kulseng B. Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) antigen in obese and normal weight subjects. Clin Obes 2015; 5:42-7. [PMID: 25611585 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell wall components have been used as one of the alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in the feed industry. Antibodies to cell wall mannan of this yeast (ASCA) have been traditionally used in the study of Crohn's disease (CD). We applied ASCA in relation to obesity. This study aims (i) to determine the concentration of ASCA (immunoglobulin A [IgA] and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) in obese compared with normal weight individuals and (ii) to determine if there is a correlation between ASCA concentrations, obesity indices and C-reactive protein. Forty obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg m(-2) ) and 18 healthy (BMI < 25 kg m(-2) ) volunteers participated in this case-control study. Binding activity of serum IgA and IgG to the cell wall mannan of S. cerevisiae was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. More than one-third of the obese individual (35%) showed elevated titres of ASCA compared with the control group (5%). This antibody was positively associated with weight (P = 0.01), BMI (P = 0.02) and waist circumference (P = 0.02), but not with C-reactive protein. It seems that ASCA are not only specific for CD but are also associated with obesity. S. cerevisiae or a related antigen may play a role in the matrix of this complex condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Salamati
- Center for Obesity, Department of Surgery, St. Olav Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kelkka T, Kienhöfer D, Hoffmann M, Linja M, Wing K, Sareila O, Hultqvist M, Laajala E, Chen Z, Vasconcelos J, Neves E, Guedes M, Marques L, Krönke G, Helminen M, Kainulainen L, Olofsson P, Jalkanen S, Lahesmaa R, Souto-Carneiro MM, Holmdahl R. Reactive oxygen species deficiency induces autoimmunity with type 1 interferon signature. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2231-45. [PMID: 24787605 PMCID: PMC4224049 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the phagocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NOX2 enzyme complex and characterized by recurrent infections associated with hyperinflammatory and autoimmune manifestations. A translational, comparative analysis of CGD patients and the corresponding ROS-deficient Ncf1(m1J) mutated mouse model was performed to reveal the molecular pathways operating in NOX2 complex deficient inflammation. RESULTS A prominent type I interferon (IFN) response signature that was accompanied by elevated autoantibody levels was identified in both mice and humans lacking functional NOX2 complex. To further underline the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related autoimmune process, we show that naïve Ncf1(m1J) mutated mice, similar to SLE patients, suffer from inflammatory kidney disease with IgG and C3 deposits in the glomeruli. Expression analysis of germ-free Ncf1(m1J) mutated mice reproduced the type I IFN signature, enabling us to conclude that the upregulated signaling pathway is of endogenous origin. INNOVATION Our findings link the previously unexplained connection between ROS deficiency and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity by the discovery that activation of IFN signaling is a major pathway downstream of a deficient NOX2 complex in both mice and humans. CONCLUSION We conclude that the lack of phagocyte-derived oxidative burst is associated with spontaneous autoimmunity and linked with type I IFN signature in both mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Kelkka
- 1 Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dai H, Dong HL, Gong FY, Sun SL, Liu XY, Li ZG, Xiong SD, Gao XM. Disease Association and Arthritogenic Potential of Circulating Antibodies against the α1,4-Polygalacturonic Acid Moiety. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4533-40. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
11
|
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases: from bread baking to autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 45:152-61. [PMID: 23292495 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is best known as the baker's and brewer's yeast, but its residual traces are also frequent excipients in some vaccines. Although anti-S. cerevisiae autoantibodies (ASCAs) are considered specific for Crohn's disease, a growing number of studies have detected high levels of ASCAs in patients affected with autoimmune diseases as compared with healthy controls, including antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Commensal microorganisms such as Saccharomyces are required for nutrition, proper development of Peyer's aggregated lymphoid tissue, and tissue healing. However, even the commensal nonclassically pathogenic microbiota can trigger autoimmunity when fine regulation of immune tolerance does not work properly. For our purposes, the protein database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) was consulted, comparing Saccharomyces mannan to several molecules with a pathogenetic role in autoimmune diseases. Thanks to the NCBI bioinformation technology tool, several overlaps in molecular structures (50-100 %) were identified when yeast mannan, and the most common autoantigens were compared. The autoantigen U2 snRNP B″ was found to conserve a superfamily protein domain that shares 83 % of the S. cerevisiae mannan sequence. Furthermore, ASCAs may be present years before the diagnosis of some associated autoimmune diseases as they were retrospectively found in the preserved blood samples of soldiers who became affected by Crohn's disease years later. Our results strongly suggest that ASCAs' role in clinical practice should be better addressed in order to evaluate their predictive or prognostic relevance.
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Mankaï A, Thabet Y, Manoubi W, Achour A, Sakly W, Ghedira I. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies are elevated in Graves' disease but not in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocr Res 2013; 38:98-104. [PMID: 22992126 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2012.723293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) had been known to be specific for Crohn's disease, but they had also been found in many other autoimmune diseases. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ASCA in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-seven patients with AITD and 160 healthy controls were included in the study. One hundred and nineteen patients had Graves' disease (GD) and 78 patients had Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). ASCA IgG and IgA were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ASCA IgG were significantly more frequent in patients with GD than in control group (11.8% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.002). In HT, the frequency of ASCA IgG was similar to that of the control group (3.8% and 3.1% respectively). The frequency of ASCA IgA was similar in GD (0.8%), HT (2.6%), and the control group (3.1%). In all GD patients, the frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA (11.8% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.001). These results were also true even in male and female groups (10.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.01 and 14.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.01, respectively). ASCA IgG levels were significantly higher in GD patients (6.7 ± 11.1 vs. 2.2 ± 2.8, p = 3 × 10(-6)) and in HT patients (4.2 ± 4.7 vs. 2.2 ± 2.8, p = 0.0002) than those in the control group. ASCA IgA levels were comparable among patients with GD, HT, and the control group. In GD patients, the mean titer of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA (6.7 ± 11.1 vs. 3.6 ± 4.2, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Patients with GD had a higher frequency of ASCA IgG than controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Mankaï
- Research Unit (03UR/07-02), Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai H, Han XQ, Gong FY, Dong H, Tu PF, Gao XM. Structure elucidation and immunological function analysis of a novel -glucan from the fruit bodies of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1673-83. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
15
|
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:665-9. [PMID: 22527140 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) had been known to be specific for Crohn's disease but it has been found in many other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, cross-reactive epitopes on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found in SLE patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of ASCA in patients with SLE and to compare it with that of anti-β2GPI antibodies (aβ2GPI). Sera of 116 patients with SLE were analyzed in this retrospective study. All patients fulfilled at least 4 criteria of the 1997 American College of Rheumatology updated criteria for the classification of SLE. Sera of 160 blood donors were included as normal controls. ASCA IgA and IgG and aβ2GPI antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The frequency of ASCA (IgG and/or IgA) was significantly higher in SLE patients than in control group (31.9 vs. 3.7 %, p < 10(-6)). ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA were more frequent in SLE patients than in control group (29.3 vs. 3.1 %, p < 10(-6) and 12.1 vs. 0.6 %, p = 10(-4), respectively). The mean level of ASCA IgG was higher than that of ASCA IgA (9.5 vs. 6.4 U/ml) but the difference was not statistically significant. The frequencies of aβ2GPI (IgG and/or IgA) and aβ2GPI IgA were significantly higher than those of ASCA (IgG and/or IgA) and ASCA IgA (54.3 vs. 31.9 %, p = 5 × 10(-4) and 50.9 vs. 12.1 %, p < 10(-6), respectively). Increased ASCA IgG was observed in patients with SLE, suggesting a role of environmental stimuli in its pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dai H, Gao XM. Elevated levels of serum antibodies against alpha-1, 6-glucan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. Protein Cell 2011; 2:739-44. [PMID: 21976063 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate whether levels of anti-alpha-1, 6-glucan antibodies in human sera correlate with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum samples were collected from patients with SLE (n = 30), RA (n = 30) and healthy adult volunteers. IgG, IgA and IgM levels against alpha-1, 6-glucan were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Anti-alpha-1, 6-glucan IgG prevalence was raised in patients with active SLE (73.3%) and RA (60%) compared with healthy controls (13.3%). Strong correlation between anti-alpha-1,6-glucan-IgG levels and anti-perinuclear factor (r = 0.642; p < 0.05) in RA patients or anti-nuclear antibodies (r = 0.675; p < 0.05) in SLE patients was observed. No significant differences in anti-alpha-1,6-glucan-IgA or-IgM levels were noted between different groups. We conclude that anti-alpha-1,6-glucan-IgG levels were significantly elevated in patients with SLE or RA and positively correlated with disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dai
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lakatos PL, Papp M, Rieder F. Serologic antiglycan antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:406-12. [PMID: 21245832 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At diagnosis, the clinical presentation of both entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), can be highly heterogeneous, leading to a delay in correct identification or differentiation between CD and UC in a subgroup of patients. In addition, the natural history of IBD patients is strikingly variable. During the life of a CD patient, in the majority of instances, stricturing or perforating complications occur, leading to surgery. Serologic antiglycan antibodies directed against various microbial carbohydrate epitopes are useful in differentiation of CD vs. UC and are a promising tool for identification of CD patients at risk for rapid progression and need for surgical intervention. Instruments for prediction of CD behavior are critical, as the use of immunomodulators and/or biologicals early in the disease course might be justified for patients with a high hazard for complicated disease behavior.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sakly W, Mankaï A, Sakly N, Thabet Y, Achour A, Ghedira-Besbes L, Jeddi M, Ghedira I. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies are frequent in type 1 diabetes. Endocr Pathol 2010; 21:108-14. [PMID: 20387011 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-010-9118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) have been described in many autoimmune diseases in which there is an increased intestinal permeability. Also in type 1 diabetes (T1D), there is an increased intestinal permeability. Since no data are available about ASCA in T1D, we evaluated, retrospectively, the frequency of ASCA in this disease. ASCA, IgG, and IgA, were determined by ELISA in sera of 224 T1D patients in which coeliac disease has been excluded and 157 healthy control group. The frequency of ASCA (IgG or IgA) was significantly higher in T1D patients than in the control group (24.5% vs. 2.5%, p < 10(-7)). The same observation was found in children and in adult patients when we compare them to healthy children and blood donors group respectively. Compared to children, adult patients with T1D showed significantly higher frequencies of ASCA of any isotype (38% vs. 13.7%, p < 10(-4)), both ASCA IgG and IgA (12% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002), ASCA IgG (35% vs. 9.8%, p < 10(-5)) and ASCA IgA (15% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001). The frequency of ASCA was statistically higher in females of all T1D than in males (30.8% vs.17.7%, p = 0.03), in girls than in boys (22% vs.6.2%, p = 0.017), and significantly higher in men than in boys (35.7% vs. 6.2%, p < 10(-4)). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA in all T1D patients (21% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.002), in all females (26.5% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.002), in women (37.9% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). The frequency of ASCA was significantly higher in all long-term T1D than in an inaugural T1D (29% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.019). The same observation was found in adults (45.8% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.01). In long-term T1D patients, ASCA were significantly more frequent in adults than children (45.8% vs. 14.5%, p < 10(-4)). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher in long-term T1D than in an inaugural T1D (25.2% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.03). Patients with T1D had a high frequency of ASCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahiba Sakly
- Research unit (03UR/07-02), Faculty of Pharmacy, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|