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Sing ABE, Naselli G, Huang D, Watson K, Colman PG, Harrison LC, Wentworth JM. Feasibility and Validity of In-Home Self-Collected Capillary Blood Spot Screening for Type 1 Diabetes Risk. Diabetes Technol Ther 2024; 26:87-94. [PMID: 37976038 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Self-collection of a blood sample for autoantibody testing has potential to facilitate screening for type 1 diabetes risk. We sought to determine the feasibility and acceptability of this approach and the performance of downstream antibody assays. Methods: People living with type 1 diabetes and their family members (N = 97) provided paired capillary blood spot and serum samples collected, respectively, by themselves and a health worker. They provided feedback on the ease, convenience, and painfulness of blood spot collection. Islet antibodies were measured in blood spots by antibody detection by agglutination PCR (ADAP) or multiplex enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and in serum by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or ELISA. Results: Using serum RIA and ELISA to define antibody status, 50 antibody-negative (Abneg) and 47 antibody-positive (Abpos) participants enrolled, of whom 43 and 47, respectively, returned testable blood spot samples. The majority indicated that self-collection was easier, more convenient, and less painful than formal venesection. The sensitivity and specificity for detection of Abpos by blood spot were, respectively, 85% and 98% for ADAP and 87% and 100% for multiplex ELISA. The specificities by ADAP for each of the four antigen specificities ranged from 98% to 100% and areas under the receiver operator curve from 0.841 to 0.986. Conclusions: Self-collected blood spot sampling is preferred over venesection by research participants. ADAP and multiplex ELISA are highly specific assays for islet antibodies in blood spots with acceptable performance for use alone or in combination to facilitate screening for type 1 diabetes risk. Clinical Trial Registration number: ACTRN12620000510943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B E Sing
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dexing Huang
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kelly Watson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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2
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Ma X, Cao L, Raneri M, Wang H, Cao Q, Zhao Y, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Harrison LC, Hawthorne WJ, Hu M, Yi S, O’Connell PJ. Human HLA-DR+CD27+ regulatory T cells show enhanced antigen-specific suppressive function. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e162978. [PMID: 37874660 PMCID: PMC10795828 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and graft rejection. Antigen specificity and functional stability are considered critical for their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, expansion of human Tregs in the presence of porcine PBMCs (xenoantigen-expanded Tregs, Xn-Treg) allowed the selection of a distinct Treg subset, coexpressing the activation/memory surface markers HLA-DR and CD27 with enhanced proportion of FOXP3+Helios+ Tregs. Compared with their unsorted and HLA-DR+CD27+ double-positive (DP) cell-depleted Xn-Treg counterparts, HLA-DR+CD27+ DP-enriched Xn-Tregs expressed upregulated Treg function markers CD95 and ICOS with enhanced suppression of xenogeneic but not polyclonal mixed lymphocyte reaction. They also had less Treg-specific demethylation in the region of FOXP3 and were more resistant to conversion to effector cells under inflammatory conditions. Adoptive transfer of porcine islet recipient NOD/SCID IL2 receptor γ-/- mice with HLA-DR+CD27+ DP-enriched Xn-Tregs in a humanized mouse model inhibited porcine islet graft rejection mediated by 25-fold more human effector cells. The prolonged graft survival was associated with enhanced accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs and upregulated expression of Treg functional genes, IL10 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, but downregulated expression of effector Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine genes, within surviving grafts. Collectively, human HLA-DR+CD27+ DP-enriched Xn-Tregs expressed a specific regulatory signature that enabled identification and isolation of antigen-specific and functionally stable Tregs with potential as a Treg-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ma
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Martina Raneri
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuanfei Zhao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naiara G. Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne J. Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shounan Yi
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J. O’Connell
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bediaga NG, Garnham AL, Naselli G, Bandala-Sanchez E, Stone NL, Cobb J, Harbison JE, Wentworth JM, Ziegler AG, Couper JJ, Smyth GK, Harrison LC. Cytotoxicity-Related Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Define a Subset of CD4+ T Cells That Mark Progression to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:566-577. [PMID: 35007320 PMCID: PMC8893947 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes in children is heralded by a preclinical phase defined by circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens. How islet autoimmunity is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes remains poorly understood. Only one study has reported gene expression in specific immune cells of children at risk associated with progression to islet autoimmunity. We analyzed gene expression with RNA sequencing in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B cells, and chromatin accessibility by assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) in CD4+ T cells, in five genetically at risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes over a median of 3 years ("progressors") compared with five children matched for sex, age, and HLA-DR who had not progressed ("nonprogressors"). In progressors, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were largely confined to CD4+ T cells and enriched for cytotoxicity-related genes/pathways. Several top-ranked DEGs were validated in a semi-independent cohort of 13 progressors and 11 nonprogressors. Flow cytometry confirmed that progression was associated with expansion of CD4+ cells with a cytotoxic phenotype. By ATAC-seq, progression was associated with reconfiguration of regulatory chromatin regions in CD4+ cells, some linked to differentially expressed cytotoxicity-related genes. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells play a role in promoting progression to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara G. Bediaga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Stone
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanna Cobb
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Harbison
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John M. Wentworth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer J. Couper
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Corresponding author: Leonard C. Harrison,
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4
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Oakey H, Penno MAS, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Ngui KM, Smith AD, Huang D, Zozaya-Valdes E, Thomson RL, Brown JD, Vuillermin PJ, Barry SC, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Morahan G, Sinnott RO, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison LC. Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a progressive increase in gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109189. [PMID: 35051423 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies of the gut microbiome have focused on its bacterial composition. We aimed to characterize the gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) across pregnancy in women with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS Faecal samples (n = 162) were collected from 70 pregnant women (45 with and 25 without type 1 diabetes) across all trimesters. Fungi were analysed by internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing. Markers of intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin) and intestinal epithelial integrity (serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein; I-FABP), and serum antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) were measured. RESULTS Women with type 1 diabetes had decreased fungal alpha diversity by the third trimester, associated with an increased abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was inversely related to the abundance of the anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Women with type 1 diabetes had higher concentrations of calprotectin, I-FABP and ASCA. CONCLUSIONS Women with type 1 diabetes exhibit a shift in the gut mycobiome across pregnancy associated with evidence of gut inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. The relevance of these findings to the higher rate of pregnancy complications in type 1 diabetes warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Roth-Schulze
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena Oakey
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Megan A S Penno
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina M Ngui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alannah D Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dexing Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrique Zozaya-Valdes
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James D Brown
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Faculty of School of Medicine, Deakin University and Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne and Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Services, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Keenan CR, Mlodzianoski MJ, Coughlan HD, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Lucas EC, Wang Q, de Graaf CA, Hilton DJ, Harrison LC, Smyth GK, Rogers KL, Boudier T, Allan RS, Johanson TM. Chromosomes distribute randomly to, but not within, human neutrophil nuclear lobes. iScience 2021; 24:102161. [PMID: 33665577 PMCID: PMC7905186 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximity pattern and radial distribution of chromosome territories within spherical nuclei are random and non-random, respectively. Whether this distribution pattern is conserved in the partitioned or lobed nuclei of polymorphonuclear cells is unclear. Here we use chromosome paint technology to examine the chromosome territories of all 46 chromosomes in hundreds of single human neutrophils - an abundant and famously polymorphonuclear immune cell. By comparing the distribution of chromosomes to randomly shuffled controls and validating with orthogonal chromosome conformation capture technology, we show for the first time that human chromosomes randomly distribute to neutrophil nuclear lobes, while maintaining a non-random radial distribution within these lobes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chromosome length correlates with three-dimensional volume not only in neutrophils but other human immune cells. This work demonstrates that chromosomes are largely passive passengers during the neutrophil lobing process but are able to subsequently maintain their macro-level organization within lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R. Keenan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J. Mlodzianoski
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hannah D. Coughlan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Naiara G. Bediaga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Erin C. Lucas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qike Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Carolyn A. de Graaf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Douglas J. Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Rogers
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Boudier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rhys S. Allan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy M. Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Corresponding author
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6
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Neale AM, Harrison LC. Siglec-10 expression is up-regulated in activated human CD4 + T cells. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:101-104. [PMID: 32046870 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) suppress immune cell function but are expressed at low levels on human T cells. We found that soluble CD52 inhibited T cell signalling by ligating Siglec-10, but the presence of Siglec-10 on human T cells has been questioned. To address this concern, we examined the expression of Siglec-10 at the RNA and protein level in human CD4+ T cells. Analysis by RNAseq, qPCR and flow cytometry demonstrated that, in contrast to other Siglecs, after activation of CD4+ T cells Siglec-10 was selectively upregulated in a subset of cells also high for CD52 expression. This observation is consistent with a homeostatic role for Siglec-10 in human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - N G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Neale
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - L C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Gupta A, Naselli G, Carew D, Fung C, Nelson D, Lu P, Newcomb A, Wilson A. 630 Triglyceride-Glucose index as a novel biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease in metabolically healthy individuals. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Fung C, Lu P, Gupta A, Naselli G, Wilson A, Newcomb A. 632 Waist/Hip Circumference and Ratio are Better Predictive Measures of Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Than Body Mass Index. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Gupta A, Naselli G, Carew D, Fung C, Nelson D, Lu P, Newcomb A, Wilson A. 626 The Paradoxical Association of Preoperative PLR as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Naselli G, Gupta A, Carew D, Fung C, Lu P, Nelson D, Newcomb A, Wilson A. 621 Preoperative Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor for Readmission to ICU and ICU Length of Stay in Patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Johanson TM, Coughlan HD, Lun ATL, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Garnham AL, Harrison LC, Smyth GK, Allan RS. Genome-wide analysis reveals no evidence of trans chromosomal regulation of mammalian immune development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007431. [PMID: 29883495 PMCID: PMC6010296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that interactions between mammalian chromosomes, or transchromosomal interactions (also known as kissing chromosomes), regulate gene expression and cell fate determination. Here we aimed to identify novel transchromosomal interactions in immune cells by high-resolution genome-wide chromosome conformation capture. Although we readily identified stable interactions in cis, and also between centromeres and telomeres on different chromosomes, surprisingly we identified no gene regulatory transchromosomal interactions in either mouse or human cells, including previously described interactions. We suggest that advances in the chromosome conformation capture technique and the unbiased nature of this approach allow more reliable capture of interactions between chromosomes than previous methods. Overall our findings suggest that stable transchromosomal interactions that regulate gene expression are not present in mammalian immune cells and that lineage identity is governed by cis, not trans chromosomal interactions. It is a widely held belief that, in the darkness of the nucleus, strands of DNA that make up different chromosomes frequently meet to ‘kiss’. These kisses, or transchromosomal interactions, are thought to be important for the expression of genes and thus cell development. Here, we aimed to identify novel transchromosomal interactions in mouse and human immune cells by high-resolution genome-wide chromosome conformation capture methods. Although we readily identified stable interactions within chromosomes and also between centromeres and telomeres on different chromosomes, surprisingly we identified no gene regulatory transchromosomal interactions in either mouse or human cells, including those previously described. Overall our findings suggest that stable transchromosomal interactions that regulate gene expression are not present in mammalian immune cells and that chromosomes are doing far less kissing than was previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hannah D. Coughlan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Aaron T. L. Lun
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Naiara G. Bediaga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rhys S. Allan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Zhang Y, Maksimovic J, Huang B, De Souza DP, Naselli G, Chen H, Zhang L, Weng K, Liang H, Xu Y, Wentworth JM, Huntington ND, Oshlack A, Gong S, Kallies A, Vuillermin P, Yang M, Harrison LC. Cord Blood CD8 + T Cells Have a Natural Propensity to Express IL-4 in a Fatty Acid Metabolism and Caspase Activation-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2018; 9:879. [PMID: 29922282 PMCID: PMC5996926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How T cells differentiate in the neonate may critically determine the ability of the infant to cope with infections, respond to vaccines and avert allergies. Previously, we found that naïve cord blood CD4+ T cells differentiated toward an IL-4-expressing phenotype when activated in the presence of TGF-β and monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokines, the latter are more highly secreted by infants who developed food allergy. Here, we show that in the absence of IL-2 or IL-12, naïve cord blood CD8+ T cells have a natural propensity to differentiate into IL-4-producing non-classic TC2 cells when they are activated alone, or in the presence of TGF-β and/or inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, non-classic TC2 development is associated with decreased expression of IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25) and glycolysis, and increased fatty acid metabolism and caspase-dependent cell death. Consequently, the short chain fatty acid, sodium propionate (NaPo), enhanced IL-4 expression, but exogenous IL-2 or pan-caspase inhibition prevented IL-4 expression. In children with endoscopically and histologically confirmed non-inflammatory bowel disease and non-infectious pediatric idiopathic colitis, the presence of TGF-β, NaPo, and IL-1β or TNF-α promoted TC2 differentiation in vitro. In vivo, colonic mucosa of children with colitis had significantly increased expression of IL-4 in CD8+ T cells compared with controls. In addition, activated caspase-3 and IL-4 were co-expressed in CD8+ T cells in the colonic mucosa of children with colitis. Thus, in the context of colonic inflammation and limited IL-2 signaling, CD8+ T cells differentiate into non-classic TC2 that may contribute to the pathology of inflammatory/allergic diseases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jovana Maksimovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bing Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Peter De Souza
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Huan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Weng
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanquan Liang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sitang Gong
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axel Kallies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Wentworth JM, Zhang JG, Bandala-Sanchez E, Naselli G, Liu R, Ritchie M, Smyth GK, O'Brien PE, Harrison LC. Interferon-gamma released from omental adipose tissue of insulin-resistant humans alters adipocyte phenotype and impairs response to insulin and adiponectin release. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1782-1789. [PMID: 28769120 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory factors derived from adipose tissue have been implicated in mediating insulin resistance in obesity. We sought to identify these using explanted human adipose tissue exposed to innate and adaptive immune stimuli. METHODS Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue from obese, insulin-resistant donors was cultured in the presence of macrophage and T-cell stimuli, and the conditioned medium tested for its ability to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. The nature of the inhibitory factor in conditioned medium was characterized physicochemically, inferred by gene microarray analysis and confirmed by antibody neutralization. RESULTS Conditioned medium from omental adipose tissue exposed to a combination of macrophage- and T-cell stimuli inhibited insulin action and adiponectin secretion in SGBS adipocytes. This effect was associated with a pronounced change in adipocyte morphology, characterized by a decreased number of lipid droplets of increased size. The bioactivity of conditioned medium was abolished by trypsin treatment and had a molecular weight of 46 kDa by gel filtration. SGBS adipocytes exposed to a bioactive medium expressed multiple gene transcripts regulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Recombinant human IFN-γ recapitulated the effects of the bioactive medium and neutralizing antibody against IFN-γ but not other candidate factors abrogated medium bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ released from inflamed omental adipose tissue may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities seen in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wentworth
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J-G Zhang
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - E Bandala-Sanchez
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - G Naselli
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R Liu
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Ritchie
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - G K Smyth
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P E O'Brien
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L C Harrison
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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14
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Zhang Y, Feng ZP, Naselli G, Bell F, Wettenhall J, Auyeung P, Ellis JA, Ponsonby AL, Speed TP, Chong MM, Harrison LC. Corrigendum to ‘MicroRNAs in CD4+ T cell subsets are markers of disease risk and T cell dysfunction in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes’ [J. Autoimmun. 68C (2016) 52–61]. J Autoimmun 2016; 73:130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Collier F, Naselli G, Saffery R, Tang MLK, Allen KJ, Ponsonby AL, Harrison LC, Vuillermin P. Cord blood monocyte–derived inflammatory cytokines suppress IL-2 and induce nonclassic “T
H
2-type” immunity associated with development of food allergy. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Infants who develop food allergy display hyperresponsive innate immunity at birth that promotes nonclassical T
H
2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Fiona Collier
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mimi LK. Tang
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Allen
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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16
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Augstein P, Naselli G, Loudovaris T, Hawthorne WJ, Campbell P, Bandala-Sanchez E, Rogers K, Heinke P, Thomas HE, Kay TW, Harrison LC. Localization of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) to human pancreatic ducts and islet alpha cells. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 110:291-300. [PMID: 26515908 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM DPP-4/CD26 degrades the incretins GLP-1 and GIP. The localization of DPP-4 within the human pancreas is not well documented but is likely to be relevant for understanding incretin function. We aimed to define the cellular localization of DPP-4 in the human pancreas from cadaveric organ donors with and without diabetes. METHODS Pancreas was snap-frozen and immunoreactive DPP-4 detected in cryosections using the APAAP technique. For co-localization studies, pancreas sections were double-stained for DPP-4 and proinsulin or glucagon and scanned by confocal microscopy. Pancreata were digested and cells in islets and in islet-depleted, duct-enriched digests analyzed for expression of DPP-4 and other markers by flow cytometry. RESULTS DPP-4 was expressed by pancreatic duct and islet cells. In pancreata from donors without diabetes or with type 2 diabetes, DPP-4-positive cells in islets had the same location and morphology as glucagon-positive cells, and the expression of DPP-4 and glucagon overlapped. In donors with type 1 diabetes, the majority of residual cells in islets were DPP-4-positive. CONCLUSION In the human pancreas, DPP-4 expression is localized to duct and alpha cells. This finding is consistent with the view that DPP-4 regulates exposure to incretins of duct cells directly and of beta cells indirectly in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Augstein
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, 1G Royal Parade, Victoria, Australia; The Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch", 17440 Karlsburg, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, 1G Royal Parade, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 3056 Fitzroy, 41 Victoria Parade, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- University of Sydney, Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter Campbell
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 3056 Fitzroy, 41 Victoria Parade, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, 1G Royal Parade, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kelly Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, 1G Royal Parade, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter Heinke
- The Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch", 17440 Karlsburg, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 3056 Fitzroy, 41 Victoria Parade, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Thomas W Kay
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 3056 Fitzroy, 41 Victoria Parade, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, 1G Royal Parade, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Harrison LC, Wentworth JM, Zhang Y, Bandala-Sanchez E, Böhmer RM, Neale AM, Stone NL, Naselli G, Bosco JJ, Auyeung P, Rashidi M, Augstein P, Morahan G. Antigen-based vaccination and prevention of type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:616-23. [PMID: 23888323 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent or type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a paradigm for prevention of autoimmune disease: Pancreatic β-cell autoantigens are defined, at-risk individuals can be identified before the onset of symptoms, and autoimmune diabetes is preventable in rodent models. Intervention in asymptomatic individuals before or after the onset of subclinical islet autoimmunity places a premium on safety, a requirement met only by lifestyle-dietary approaches or autoantigen-based vaccination to induce protective immune tolerance. Insulin is the key driver of autoimmune β-cell destruction in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D and is an early autoimmune target in children at risk for T1D. In the NOD mouse, mucosal administration of insulin induces regulatory T cells that protect against diabetes. The promise of autoantigen-specific vaccination in humans has yet to be realized, but recent trials of oral and nasal insulin vaccination in at-risk humans provide grounds for cautious optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard C Harrison
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia,
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18
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Holland AM, Garcia S, Naselli G, MacDonald RJ, Harrison LC. The Parahox gene Pdx1 is required to maintain positional identity in the adult foregut. Int J Dev Biol 2013; 57:391-8. [DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.120048ah] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Banakh I, Gonez LJ, Sutherland RM, Naselli G, Harrison LC. Adult pancreas side population cells expand after β cell injury and are a source of insulin-secreting cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48977. [PMID: 23152835 PMCID: PMC3494669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreas stem cells are a potential source of insulin-producing β cells for the therapy of diabetes. In adult tissues the ‘side population’ (SP) of cells that effluxes the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 through ATP-binding cassette transporters has stem cell properties. We hypothesised therefore that the SP would expand in response to β cell injury and give rise to functional β cells. SP cells were flow sorted from dissociated pancreas cells of adult mice, analysed for phenotype and cultured with growth promoting and differentiation factors before analysis for hormone expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. SP cell number and colony forming potential (CFP) increased significantly in models of type diabetes, and after partial pancreatectomy, in the absence of hyperglycaemia. SP cells, ∼1% of total pancreas cells at 1 week of age, were enriched >10-fold for CFP compared to non-SP cells. Freshly isolated SP cells contained no insulin protein or RNA but expressed the homeobox transcription factor Pdx1 required for pancreas development and β cell function. Pdx1, along with surface expression of CD326 (Ep-Cam), was a marker of the colony forming and proliferation potential of SP cells. In serum-free medium with defined factors, SP cells proliferated and differentiated into islet hormone-expressing cells that secreted insulin in response to glucose. Insulin expression was maintained when tissue was transplanted within vascularised chambers into diabetic mice. SP cells in the adult pancreas expand in response to β cell injury and are a source of β cell progenitors with potential for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Banakh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonel J. Gonez
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Sutherland
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wentworth JM, Naselli G, Brown WA, Doyle L, Phipson B, Smyth GK, Wabitsch M, O'Brien PE, Harrison LC. Pro-inflammatory CD11c+CD206+ adipose tissue macrophages are associated with insulin resistance in human obesity. Diabetes 2010; 59:1648-56. [PMID: 20357360 PMCID: PMC2889764 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. We aimed to characterize macrophage phenotype and function in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in relation to insulin resistance in obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adipose tissue was obtained from lean and obese women undergoing bariatric surgery. Metabolic markers were measured in fasting serum and ATMs characterized by immunohistology, flow cytometry, and tissue culture studies. RESULTS ATMs comprised CD11c(+)CD206(+) cells in "crown" aggregates and solitary CD11c(-)CD206(+) cells at adipocyte junctions. In obese women, CD11c(+) ATM density was greater in subcutaneous than omental adipose tissue and correlated with markers of insulin resistance. CD11c(+) ATMs were distinguished by high expression of integrins and antigen presentation molecules; interleukin (IL)-1beta, -6, -8, and -10; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; and CC chemokine ligand-3, indicative of an activated, proinflammatory state. In addition, CD11c(+) ATMs were enriched for mitochondria and for RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial, proteasomal, and lysosomal proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, and T-cell chemoattractants, whereas CD11c(-) ATMs were enriched for transcripts involved in tissue maintenance and repair. Tissue culture medium conditioned by CD11c(+) ATMs, but not CD11c(-) ATMs or other stromovascular cells, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by human adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify proinflammatory CD11c(+) ATMs as markers of insulin resistance in human obesity. In addition, the machinery of CD11c(+) ATMs indicates they metabolize lipid and may initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Wentworth
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Commercial Road, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy A. Brown
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Commercial Road, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Doyle
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Commercial Road, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Phipson
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul E. O'Brien
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Commercial Road, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author: Leonard C. Harrison,
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21
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Mannering SI, Pang SH, Williamson NA, Naselli G, Reynolds EC, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Purcell AW, Harrison LC. The A-chain of insulin is a hot-spot for CD4+ T cell epitopes in human type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:226-31. [PMID: 19292763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by T cell-mediated destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. While the role of CD4(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of T1D is accepted widely, the epitopes recognized by pathogenic human CD4(+) T cells remain poorly defined. None the less, responses to the N-terminal region of the insulin A-chain have been described. Human CD4(+) T cells from the pancreatic lymph nodes of subjects with T1D respond to the first 15 amino acids of the insulin A-chain. We identified a human leucocyte antigen-DR4-restricted epitope comprising the first 13 amino acids of the insulin A-chain (A1-13), dependent upon generation of a vicinal disulphide bond between adjacent cysteines (A6-A7). Here we describe the analysis of a CD4(+) T cell clone, isolated from a subject with T1D, which recognizes a new HLR-DR4-restricted epitope (KRGIVEQCCTSICS) that overlaps the insulin A1-13 epitope. This is a novel epitope, because the clone responds to proinsulin but not to insulin, T cell recognition requires the last two residues of the C-peptide (Lys, Arg) and recognition does not depend upon a vicinal disulphide bond between the A6 and A7 cysteines. The finding of a further CD4(+) T cell epitope in the N-terminal A-chain region of human insulin underscores the importance of this region as a target of CD4(+) T cell responses in human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Mannering
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Australia.
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22
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Góñez LJ, Naselli G, Banakh I, Niwa H, Harrison LC. Pancreatic expression and mitochondrial localization of the progestin-adipoQ receptor PAQR10. Mol Med 2008; 14:697-704. [PMID: 18769639 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00072.gonez] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones induce changes in gene expression by binding to intracellular receptors that then translocate to the nucleus. Steroids have also been shown to rapidly modify cell function by binding to surface membrane receptors. We identified a candidate steroid membrane receptor, the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) 10, a member of the PAQR family, in a screen for genes differentially expressed in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. PAQR10 gene expression was tissue restricted compared with other PAQRs. In the mouse embryonic pancreas, PAQR10 expression mirrored development of the endocrine lineage, with PAQR10 protein expression confined to endocrine islet-duct structures in the late embryo and neonate. In the adult mouse pancreas, PAQR10 was expressed exclusively in islet cells except for its reappearance in ducts of maternal islets during pregnancy. PAQR10 has a predicted molecular mass of 29 kDa, comprises seven transmembrane domains, and, like other PAQRs, is predicted to have an intracellular N-terminus and an extracellular C-terminus. In silico analysis indicated that three members of the PAQR family, PAQRs 9, 10, and 11, have a candidate mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) at the N-terminus. We showed that PAQR10 has a functional N-terminal MLS and that the native protein localizes to mitochondria. PAQR10 is structurally related to some bacterial hemolysins, pore-forming virulence factors that target mitochondria and regulate apoptosis. We propose that PAQR10 may act at the level of the mitochondrion to regulate pancreatic endocrine cell development/survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jorge Góñez
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Holland AM, Góñez LJ, Naselli G, Macdonald RJ, Harrison LC. Conditional expression demonstrates the role of the homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1 in maintenance and regeneration of beta-cells in the adult pancreas. Diabetes 2005; 54:2586-95. [PMID: 16123346 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1 is essential for pancreas development. To investigate the role of Pdx1 in the adult pancreas, we employed a mouse model in which transcription of Pdx1 could be reversibly repressed by administration of doxycycline. Repression of Pdx1 in adult mice impaired expression of insulin and glucagon, leading to diabetes within 14 days. Pdx1 repression was associated with increased cell proliferation predominantly in the exocrine pancreas and upregulation of genes implicated in pancreas regeneration. Following withdrawal of doxycycline and derepression of Pdx1, normoglycemia was restored within 28 days; during this period, Pdx1(+)/Ins(+) and Pdx(+)/Ins(-) cells were observed in association with the duct epithelia. These findings confirm that Pdx1 is required for beta-cell function in the adult pancreas and indicate that in the absence of Pdx1 expression, a regenerative program is initiated with the potential for Pdx1-dependent beta-cell neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Holland
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Johnston AM, Naselli G, Niwa H, Brodnicki T, Harrison LC, Góñez LJ. Harp (harmonin-interacting, ankyrin repeat-containing protein), a novel protein that interacts with harmonin in epithelial tissues. Genes Cells 2004; 9:967-82. [PMID: 15461667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2004.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the triple PDZ domain-containing protein harmonin have been identified as the cause of Usher deafness syndrome type 1C. Independently, we identified harmonin in a screen for genes expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we show that the first PDZ domain of harmonin interacts with a novel protein, designated harp for harmonin-interacting, ankyrin repeat-containing protein. This interaction was confirmed in an over-expression system and in mammalian cells, and shown to be mediated by the three C-terminal amino acids of harp. Harp is expressed in many of the same epithelia as harmonin and co-localization of native harp and harmonin was demonstrated by confocal microscopy in pancreatic duct epithelium and in a pancreatic beta-cell line. Harp, predicted molecular mass 48 kDa, has a domain structure which includes three ankyrin repeats and a sterile alpha motif. Human harp maps to chromosome 16, and its mouse homologue to chromosome 7. Sequences with similarity to harp include the sans gene, mutations of which are responsible for deafness in the Jackson shaker 2 (js) mutant mouse and in human Usher syndrome type 1G. The functional domain structures of harp and harmonin, their interaction under native conditions and their co-localization suggest they constitute a scaffolding complex to facilitate signal transduction in epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Johnston
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Tissue function is regulated by the extracellular microenvironment including cell basement membranes, in which laminins are a major component. Previously, we found that laminin-1 promotes differentiation and survival of pancreatic islet cells. Here we characterize the expression pattern of laminins and their integrin receptors in adult pancreas. Although they are expressed in the basement membrane of acinar cells and duct epithelium, no laminin chains examined were detected extracellularly in the pancreatic islets. In contrast to laminin beta(1)- and gamma(1)-chains, the alpha(1)-chain, unique to laminin-1, was not detected. Laminin-10 (alpha(5)beta(1)gamma(1)) was expressed in acinar tissue, whereas laminins-2 (alpha(2)beta(1)gamma(1)) and -10 were expressed in the blood vessels. The laminin connector molecule, nidogen-1, had a distribution similar to that of laminin beta(1) and gamma(1), whereas fibulin-1 and -2, which compete with nidogen-1, were mostly confined to blood vessels. Integrin subunits alpha(6) and alpha(3) were detected in acinar cells and duct epithelial cells, but alpha(6) was absent in islet cells. Integrin alpha(6)beta(4) was detected only in duct cells, alpha(6)beta(1) in both acinar and ductal cells, and alpha(3)beta(1) in acinar, duct, and islet cells. These findings are a basis for further investigation of the role of extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors in pancreas function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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26
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Abstract
We have cloned a member of the STE20/SPS1 protein kinase family from a transformed rat pancreatic beta cell line. SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related, proline alanine-rich kinase) belongs to the SPS1 subfamily of STE20 kinases and is highly conserved between species. SPAK is expressed ubiquitously, although preferentially in brain and pancreas. Biochemical characterization of SPAK catalytic activity demonstrates that is a serine/threonine kinase that can phosphorylate itself and an exogenous substrate in vitro. SPAK is immunoprecipitated from transfected mammalian cells as a complex with another, as yet uncharacterized, serine/threonine kinase which is capable of phosphorylating catalytically-inactive SPAK and myelin basic protein in an in vitro kinase assay. SPAK specifically activates the p38 pathway in cotransfection assays. Like MST1 and MST2, SPAK contains a putative caspase cleavage site at the junction of the catalytic domain and the C-terminal region. Full-length SPAK is expressed in the cytoplasm in transfected cells, while a mutant corresponding to caspase-cleaved SPAK is expressed predominantly in the nucleus. The similarity of SPAK to other SPS1 family members, its ability to activate the p38 pathway, in addition to its putative caspase cleavage site, provide evidence that SPAK may act as a novel mediator of stress-activated signals. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4290 - 4297
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Johnston
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
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Naselli G, Deaizpurua HJ, Thomas HE, Johnston AM, Kay TWH. Lack of expression of Gp-130 makes pancreatic beta cell lines unresponsive to the IL-6 family of cytokines. Int J Exp Diabetes Res 2000; 1:239-48. [PMID: 11467415 PMCID: PMC2477742 DOI: 10.1155/edr.2000.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine receptors from the IL-6 receptor family are comprised of ligand specific alpha chains and a common signalling chain, gp-130, which is also required for high affinity binding. A cDNA library generated from the beta-TC3 SV40 T-antigen transformed insulinoma cell line was screened for members of this receptor family potentially relevant to both beta cell development and autoimmunity. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers to a consensus region of these receptors were used and the IL-11 receptor alpha chain was identified. Despite confirmation of IL-11 receptor mRNA expression, iodinated bioactive IL-11 did not bind specifically to beta-TC3 cells and gp-130-dependent cytokines did not elicit signalling events in beta cell lines. This was explained by absence of gp-130 protein or mRNA in the beta cell lines tested and in primary islets. We conclude from these results that the previously recognised effects of IL-6 family member cytokines on pancreatic islets must be indirect via other non-beta cells within the islet, rather than due to direct effects on beta cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Naselli
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation DivisionWalter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal Parade, ParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Henry J. Deaizpurua
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation DivisionWalter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal Parade, ParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation DivisionWalter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal Parade, ParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Anne M. Johnston
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation DivisionWalter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal Parade, ParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Thomas W. H. Kay
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation DivisionWalter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal Parade, ParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall InstituteP.O Royal Melbourne HospitalVictoria3050Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report the use of an aortic endograft to treat a ruptured false aneurysm at the anastomosis of an aortofemoral bypass graft. METHODS AND RESULTS A 68-year-old man with a 30-year-old aorto-right femoral bypass and multiple comorbidities was admitted to the hospital complaining of acute abdominal pain. Imaging identified a 60-mm ruptured aortic false aneurysm with associated retroperitoneal hematoma, a 9-cm right femoral false aneurysm, and a calcified 23-mm left common iliac aneurysm. Two slightly overlapping Vanguard straight stent-grafts were implanted in the aorta and left common iliac artery in an emergency procedure owing to the patient's high surgical risk. The anastomotic false aneurysm and the bypass were excluded. A left-to-right femorofemoral bypass was performed to re-establish flow to the right femoral artery with ligation of the external iliac artery. The patient recovered uneventfully. He remained well with a successful repair until his death of a myocardial infarction 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular grafting can be used successfully for the urgent treatment of aortic false aneurysm rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schönholz
- Abraxas Medica-CEALTE-I.C.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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DeAizpurua HJ, Cram DS, Naselli G, Devereux L, Dorow DS. Expression of mixed lineage kinase-1 in pancreatic beta-cell lines at different stages of maturation and during embryonic pancreas development. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:16364-73. [PMID: 9195943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Events controlling differentiation to insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreas are not well understood, although beta-cells are thought to arise from pluripotent ductal precursor cells. To search for signaling proteins that might be involved in beta-cell maturation, we analyzed protein kinase expression in two developmentally and functionally distinct pancreatic beta-cell lines, RIN-5AH and RIN-A12, by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A number of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases were identified in both lines. One protein kinase, mixed lineage kinase-1 (MLK-1), was expressed at both the RNA and protein levels in RIN-5AH cells, which display an immature beta-cell phenotype, but was not detected in the more mature RIN-A12 cells. Furthermore, levels of MLK-1 mRNA and protein were increased after brief stimulation of RIN-5AH cells with either the differentiation inducer, sodium butyrate, or with serum after serum starvation. These increases in expression were independent of phenotypic markers such as insulin secretion or surface expression of major histocompatibility class I- and A2B5-reactive ganglioside. In addition, increases in MLK-1 expression in the stimulated RIN-5AH cells were accompanied by phosphorylation of MLK-1 on serine but not tyrosine. Antisense oligonucleotides to two distinct regions of MLK-1 caused RIN-5AH cells, but not RIN-A12 cells, to adopt a highly undifferentiated morphology, with a reduction in DNA synthesis and MLK-1 protein levels and elevated glucagon mRNA levels, but with no effect on insulin mRNA. In an immunohistochemical survey of embryonic mouse tissues, we found that temporal expression of MLK-1 was regulated in a tissue-specific manner. In the embryonic pancreas, MLK-1 expression was evident in ductal cells from day 13 to 16 but was not detected in late stage gestation or neonatal pancreas. These data suggest that MLK-1 is regulated in immature pancreatic beta-cells and their ductal precursors at the level of functional maturity and may therefore play a role in beta-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J DeAizpurua
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia.
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Whittingham S, Naselli G, Harrison LC, Boyd AW, Cebon J, Jack I. Cytokine production in response to Epstein-Barr virus infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Immunol Cell Biol 1993; 71 ( Pt 4):259-64. [PMID: 8225395 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1993.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a better understanding of the immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we measured the cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha/beta, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the conditioned medium of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 healthy adults before and at 48 h and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks following infection in vitro with EBV. Cultures were examined for regression of outgrowths of nascent virus-transformed B cells, and populations of cells in the cultures were analysed by flow cytometry. TNF-alpha/beta was not detected in infected or non-infected cultures. In infected cultures assayed at the nominated times, the highest levels of IL-2 were detected at 48 hours, IFN-gamma at 1 week, IL-6 at 2 weeks and GM-CSF between 2 and 4 weeks. IL-6 and GM-CSF, but not IL-2 or IFN-gamma, were detected in non-infected cultures but at lower levels than in infected cultures. Nine of the 10 healthy adults showed regression of outgrowths of virus-transformed B cells and, of these, seven had antibodies to the EBV capsid antigen (VCA). Strong regression was associated with sequential increases in IL-2, IFN-gamma, and low levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF. Absent or weak regression was associated with an undetectable level of IL-2, a low level of IFN-gamma, high levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF and an increased frequency of cells bearing the phenotype CD20 and HLA-DR in the final weeks of culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Whittingham
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
Between May 1978 and March 1990, 700 patients were operated on with direct coronary surgery without extracorporeal circulation (ECC): 529 (76 percent) were male and 171 (24 percent) were female. The average age was 64 years (range, 35 to 86 years), 454 (65 percent) had unstable angina, 163 (23 percent) had stable angina, 51 (7 percent) had postmyocardial infarction angina, and 32 (5 percent) had acute myocardial infarction at the moment of the operation. In this series of patients, all branches of the coronary arteries were bypassed; the mammary artery was used in 40 percent of the cases, the average bypass per patient was 2.2 (range, 1 to 5), and 26 percent had associated disease of high risk to undergo ECC. The morbidity was 4 percent and the mortality for this series of patients was 1 percent; the probability of survival at seven years was 90 percent. This experience shows us that this surgery is an alternative in the treatment of coronary disease, especially for aged patients with associated disease, in some cases of acute transmural infarction, and also for patients who need coronary angioplasty. Also, it can improve the relation cost/benefit in coronary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Benetti
- Cardiovascular Surgical Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Benetti FJ, Naselli G, Barone A. A new surgical technique for fibrosed interventricular septum. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1990; 31:36-40. [PMID: 2182641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new surgical technique for the treatment of fibrosed interventricular septum, with or without left ventricular aneurysm. It is designed for patients whose ventriculograms revealed important septal dysfunction. Eleven patients ranging from 37 to 66 years of age were operated upon between 1984 and 1988. The left ventricle was opened through the aneurysm or the anterior wall when only anterior septal fibrosis was present. In patients with large aneurysms, two purse-string sutures were placed on the inside surface of the intact ventricle, around its limits, for approximation. The fibrosed septum was thus excluded from the new ventricular cavity. A patch was placed between the fibrosed and the healthy septum, reaching to the ventricular wall, all around the transitional edge. Both, ventricular geometry and function were improved. All patients were asymptomatic after one year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Benetti
- Clinica La Sagrada Familia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Sera from 120 patients with suspected autoimmune rheumatic disease and antinuclear antibodies of anti-SS-B/La specificity were examined by Western blotting for reactivity with the SS-B/La polypeptide of HeLa cells and recombinant SS-B/La derived from a 1.4 kilobase (kb) cDNA encoding approximately 90% of the SS-B/La molecule. All sera reacted with the HeLa cell and the recombinant SS-B/La. One hundred and fourteen (95%) reacted with a set of three Staph. aureus V8 protease-resistant peptides of Mr 30,000, 29,00 and 28,000 from a methionine-rich region of HeLa cell SS-B/La designated the X domain, and 98 (82%) reacted with another set of two protease-resistant peptides of Mr 24,000 and 23,000 from a phosphorylated region of HeLa cell La designated the Y domain. One reacted weakly with the Y domain only. All sera that reacted with X and Y reacted more strongly with X, suggesting that X was the major epitope. Antibodies affinity purified from the X domain reacted strongly with the X peptides but not with the Y peptides and conversely, antibodies affinity purified from the Y domain reacted with the Y peptides but not with the X peptides. Both antibodies reacted with a fusion protein comprising 102 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus of the SS-B/La molecule. This protein contained no methionine, demonstrating that methionines were not involved in the antibody-binding site. Over 80% of patients whose only criteria for selection was the presence of anti-SS-B/La had the clinical, histologic, serologic and phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome whilst the remaining 20% had at least two of the features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Whittingham
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Mulhall BP, Naselli G, Whittingham S. Anticardiolipin antibodies in homosexual men: prevalence and lack of association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. J Clin Immunol 1989; 9:208-13. [PMID: 2768431 DOI: 10.1007/bf00916816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tests for anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) on sera from 100 male homosexuals and 60 male heterosexuals showed that 57% of the homosexuals, in contrast to none of the heterosexuals, were ACL positive. The ACL were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G isotype and, in a high proportion of cases tested (82%), were reactive with other phospholipids, especially those with a negative charge. ACL were not related to the clinical status of the homosexuals, being evenly distributed among 40 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 20 with AIDS-related complex (ARC), 20 with asymptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or lymphadenopathy syndrome, and 20 who were HIV-antibody negative. Nor were they associated with thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, neurologic disease, a biological false-positive test for syphilis (BFP), or antibodies to DNA. It is concluded that factors other than infection with HIV are responsible for ACL positivity in homosexual males and that the epitopes recognized by ACL in this group are distinct from those associated with thromboembolism or the BFP reaction or cross-reactive with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Mulhall
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Whittingham S, Naselli G, McNeilage LJ, Coppel RL, Sturgess AD. Serological diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome by means of human recombinant La (SS-B) as nuclear antigen. Lancet 1987; 2:1-3. [PMID: 2885503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human recombinant La nucleoprotein was purified from cultures of Escherichia coli containing a vector with a 1.4 kilobase cDNA encoding La; the nucleoprotein was used to test for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) to La. Serum samples from 260 patients with autoimmune diseases associated with ANA and 100 healthy subjects were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples from 47 (94%) of 50 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 1 (7%) of 14 patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome reacted with the recombinant La. No reactivity was demonstrated in 196 patients with other ANA-associated autoimmune diseases or in 100 healthy subjects. The study confirms the high correlation between ANA, anti-La, and primary Sjögren's syndrome and shows how gene cloning can provide large quantities of human autoantigens for use in highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays.
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