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DiGiovanni AM, Peters BJ, Tudder A, Gresham AM, Bolger N. Physiological synchrony in supportive discussions: An examination of co-rumination, relationship type, and heterogeneity. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14554. [PMID: 38561858 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
During times of stress, we look to close others for support. Social support conversations are critical for relationship maintenance and well-being. Yet, certain ways of talking about problems-such as co-ruminating-can exacerbate stress. Since social support and co-rumination are both dyadic processes, it is important to examine physiological responses during these conversations in a dyadic manner. Little research has examined physiological synchrony of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during social support conversations or co-ruminative conversations. The current research capitalizes on an experimental manipulation of co-rumination using a sample of close friends (147 dyads) and romantic partners (113 dyads) to examine physiological covariation in the context of support. Across both samples, dyads exhibited significant physiological covariation in pre-ejection period reactivity (PEP). Contrary to our hypothesis, dyads in the co-rumination condition did not show more covariation. Close friend dyads did, however, exhibit more covariation as compared to romantic dyads. We also found significant variability in physiological covariation across dyads, with a minority of dyads exhibiting negative covariation of PEP reactivity. The homogeneity of the samples limits the generalizability of the findings and highlights the need for more diverse samples in future work. These findings underline the need for further exploration into the mechanisms that contribute to distinct patterns of physiological synchrony, the conditions in which negative synchrony occurs, and what predicts especially strong positive synchrony. This work extends our understanding of physiological synchrony of the sympathetic nervous system during support conversations and emphasizes the importance of considering heterogeneity in physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M DiGiovanni
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brett J Peters
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley Tudder
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Niall Bolger
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Lin XY, Lachman ME. Social Media Use and Daily Well-Being: The Role of Quantity and Quality of Social Support. Res Aging 2024; 46:287-301. [PMID: 38217507 PMCID: PMC11039377 DOI: 10.1177/01640275241227575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
There have been mixed findings on whether social media use is positively or negatively related to well-being. Using the Midlife in the United States Refresher study (N = 782, age 25-75), multilevel structural equation modeling examined social support quantity (time giving and receiving) and quality of as mediators at both the within- (intraindividual) and between-person (interindividual) levels. Giving support significantly mediated at within- and between-person levels: more social media use was associated with more time giving support and worse well-being. Receiving support significantly mediated at the between-person level: more social media use was associated with more time receiving support and worse well-being. When examining social support quality as a mediator, findings showed that more social media use to contact family/friends was related to better social support quality and better well-being. Results added to our understanding of the relationship between social media use and well-being by considering the role of social support quantity/quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao Lin
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
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Peng C, Yuan Y, Burr JA, Mutchler JE, Song Q, Lapane KL. Social Contact, Social Participation, and Emotional Well-Being Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Giving and Receiving Social Support. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:373-394. [PMID: 37735920 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231202396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether social contact, social participation, and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with depression and anxiety. Data were taken from the 2020 COVID-19 Supplement of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 2,778). Depression and anxiety were regressed on social contact frequency, social participation, and social support. Path analyses were also performed. The results showed that in-person contact was related to lower levels of depression, while in-person contact and attending religious services were related to lower levels of anxiety. Giving and receiving support were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Giving support mediated the link between virtual contact, volunteering, and depression, while receiving support mediated the link between virtual contact and depression. Receiving and giving support mediated the association between virtual social contact, volunteering, and anxiety. During the pandemic, being socially connected provided some benefits in terms of emotional well-being, but in some cases being socially connected did not provide salubrious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Peng
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiyang Yuan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan E Mutchler
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate L Lapane
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Schafer KM, Campione M, Joiner T. Quality of Life and Loneliness Among American Military Veterans. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024:00005053-990000000-00161. [PMID: 38573736 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Quality of life and loneliness are closely associated with mental and physical health outcomes. This relationship is particularly important in Veterans who experience elevated rates of disabilities, comorbidities, and chronic health conditions as compared with non-Veterans. In the present project, we use data from the Military Health and Well-Being Project (n = 1469, 67.2% men, 32.3% women, 0.5% transgender, nonbinary, prefer not to say) to investigate the link between five domains of quality of life (i.e., general quality of life, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) with loneliness in American Military Veterans. Findings indicated that every domain of quality of life was negatively and significantly associated with loneliness (r's < -0.45, p's < 0.001), such that quality of life decreased as loneliness increased. We further found, using linear regression, that quality social relationships (β = -0.385, t = -13.23), psychological functioning (β = -0.196, t = -5.28), and physical health (β = -0.133, t = -4.174) were related to low levels of loneliness. Taken together, these findings indicate that in this sample of Veterans 1) general quality of life, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment are all strongly connected with loneliness, and 2) of these, social relationships, psychological health, and physical health seem to protect most against loneliness, with large robust effect sizes. We recommend that intervention and policy researchers continue to investigate and develop feasible, acceptable, and cost-effective ways to promote social relationships, psychological health, and physical health among Veterans. Data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may limit generalizability of these findings.
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Scharf N, Benita M, Benish-Weisman M. Emotion regulation styles and Adolescent adjustment following a COVID-19 lockdown. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3274. [PMID: 37195084 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of emotion regulation styles - integrative emotion regulation (IER), suppressive emotion regulation, and dysregulation-on adolescents' psychosocial adjustment following a Covid-19-related lockdown. 114 mother-adolescent dyads were surveyed after lockdown and at two additional time points (three and six months later). Adolescents were aged 10-16 years, 50.9% females. Adolescents reported on their emotion regulation styles. Mothers and adolescents reported on adolescents' well-being (depressive symptoms, negative and positive emotions) and social behaviour (aggression and prosocial behaviour). Results of multilevel linear growth models showed IER predicted optimal well-being and social behaviour reported by both mothers and adolescents at baseline and a self-reported reduction in prosocial behaviours over time. Suppressive emotion regulation predicted reduced self-reported well-being after lockdown, evident in higher levels of negative affect and depressive symptoms and reductions in mother-reported prosocial behaviour over time. Dysregulation predicted reduced well-being and impaired social behaviour after lockdown, reported by both mothers and adolescents, and a reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms over time. Results suggest adolescents' adjustment to lockdown was affected by their habitual emotion regulation styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Scharf
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Benita
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Chen Y. Better to give? A systematic review of prosocial spending and happiness. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:838-848. [PMID: 37377115 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research has amassed a plethora of evidence indicating that prosocial spending has a consistently positive effect on individual happiness. Nevertheless, this effect may be subject to various influencing factors that researchers have yet to systematically examine. The purpose of this systematic review is twofold: first, to document the empirical evidence of the relationship between prosocial spending and happiness, and second, to systematically categorize the influential factors affecting this relationship from the perspective of mediators and moderators. To achieve this goal, this systematic review incorporates the influential factors identified by researchers into an intra-individual, inter-individual, and methodological framework. Ultimately, this review includes 14 empirical studies that have effectively fulfilled the aforementioned two objectives. The systematic review concludes that engaging in prosocial spending consistently demonstrates a positive effect on individual happiness, irrespective of cultural or demographic factors, although the complexity of this relationship necessitates consideration of mediating and moderating factors, as well as methodological nuances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Chen
- Department of Human Development, Warner School of Education, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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González Casanova I, Martínez Rodriguez DL, Ortiz Brunel J, Rangel Gómez MG, de Groot M, Fernández A. Barriers and facilitators to mental health promotion for Mexican immigrants in the U.S. through the Ventanillas de Salud program. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1268253. [PMID: 37841719 PMCID: PMC10569420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health promotion and screenings are recommended as part of standard preventive care. Mexican immigrants in the U.S. are at high risk for mental health illness especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, however access to mental health prevention for this population has been limited, which results in important implementation and equity gaps. The Ventanilla de Salud (VDS) program provides preventive services through Mexican consulates in the U.S. Objective The objective of this study was to assess capability, opportunity, and motivation for promotores to implement mental health programming through the VDS, leveraging early experiences of ongoing mental health prevention efforts. Methods This was a qualitative study using the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation for Behavior Change model (COM-B). We conducted 9 focus groups with 40 VDS promotores and 6 semi-structured interviews with program stakeholders. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive coding. Results We found high levels of interest from the leadership, partners, and promotores to provide mental health services through the VDS. Early implementation of a mental health strategy that included training sessions for promotores and mental health promotion, screenings and referrals for VDS users was ongoing. We identified facilitators and barriers that could affect capability, opportunity, and motivation to provide mental health services. Facilitators included promotores' extensive knowledge about the importance of mental health, promotores service mindset and commitment to provide services to VDS users, and general support from the VDS network and partners. Barriers included promotores' turnover, need for additional economic compensation, burnout, competing priorities, and lack of mental health professionals to provide clinical services or supervision. Additional investments are recommended to support promotores' well-being. Conclusion The main lesson learned from this study was that investing in VDS promotores' training, resources, and well-being is key to their capability, opportunity and motivation to provide mental health services for Mexican immigrants in the US. Results from this study can be applied to improve the ongoing VDS mental health strategy and increase its impact on the mental health of Mexican immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González Casanova
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Julissa Ortiz Brunel
- Department of Sciences of Human Movement, University Center for Health Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Mary de Groot
- Division of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alicia Fernández
- San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Xin Z. The association between social support provision, psychological capital, subjective well-being and sense of indebtedness among undergraduates with low socioeconomic status. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:291. [PMID: 37759226 PMCID: PMC10523805 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support consists of receipt and provision in the interpersonal exchange process. Many studies have explored and verified the effect of received social support. This study focuses on whether and when social support provision can benefit the providers' positive psychological capital and subjective well-being. METHODS A sample of 732 Chinese undergraduates with low socioeconomic status completed questionnaires on social support provision, psychological capital, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and sense of indebtedness. RESULTS The correlation and regression analyses showed that impoverished college students' social support provision was positively associated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and psychological capital and negatively associated with negative affect. The interaction between the sense of indebtedness and social support provision was negatively associated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and psychological capital, not significantly associated with negative affect. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that giving social support can be as beneficial as receiving social support, and the sense of indebtedness can limit the benefits. Individuals with a lower sense of indebtedness are more likely to benefit from social support provision. The findings have implications for marginalized groups' subjective well-being and positive psychological capital and show the necessity of guiding individuals to provide social support while maintaining their autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Xin
- Faculty of Education Science, Shaanxi Xue Qian Normal University, No.101Shenhe 2Nd Road, Chang An District, Xi'an, 710100, China.
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9
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Córdoba-Salgado O, Andrews AR, Davidson TM, Galea S, Ruggiero KJ. Longitudinal and bidirectional associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and emotional support among disaster-affected men and women. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:727-737. [PMID: 37309234 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated a negative association between social support and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This has been interpreted as a protective influence of social support against the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Research on the opposite association is more limited, but findings suggest that PTSS have a negative impact on social support. There is conflicting evidence that these effects are moderated by gender. Few studies have assessed both associations and gender moderation in a postdisaster context. We examined the longitudinal and bidirectional effects of emotional support and PTSS and whether gender moderates these effects among U.S. survivors of the 2017-2018 season. Participants (N = 1,347) were assessed at four time points over 1 year. Bidirectional effects were assessed using cross-lagged, autoregressive analyses with the combined sample (Model 1) and grouped by gender (Model 2) to assess gender moderation. The results supported small bidirectional negative effects of social support and PTSS on one another from one assessment point (e.g. Wave 1) to the subsequent point (e.g., Wave 2) for all waves, βs = -.07-.15, p < .001-p = .040. Multigroup analyses suggested the effects were not significantly different by gender. Overall, the results suggest that social support and PTSS may mutually diminish one another. Such effects may result in a positive or negative cascade wherein high PTSS may lead to lower social support and, therefore, even higher PTSS and vice versa. These findings support the importance of including social support in interventions to promote PTSS prevention and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur R Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tatiana M Davidson
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Ruggiero
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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10
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Inagaki TK, Alvarez GM, Orehek E, Ferrer RA, Manuck SB, Abaya NM, Muscatell KA. Support-Giving Is Associated With Lower Systemic Inflammation. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:499-507. [PMID: 37036113 PMCID: PMC10413322 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Support-giving has emerged as a health-relevant social behavior, such that giving more support is associated with better physical health. However, biological mechanisms by which support-giving and health are linked remain unclear. Whether support-giving uniquely relates to health relative to other psychosocial factors is also an open research question. PURPOSE Two studies test the hypothesis that support-giving is uniquely (over-and-above other psychosocial factors) related to lower systemic inflammation, a biological correlate of health. METHODS Cross-sectional associations of support-giving with markers of systemic inflammation (i.e., interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein [CRP]) were examined in two independent samples of midlife adults (Study 1, n = 746; Study 2, n = 350). RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses, giving to more social targets (to family and friends, and also volunteering for various causes), but not receiving support from similar targets, was associated with lower IL-6. In conceptual replication and extension with a different measure of support-giving, higher frequency of support-giving behavior was associated with lower IL-6, even after adjusting for social network size and individual differences in social desirability. There were no associations between support-giving and CRP in either sample. CONCLUSIONS Future research needs to establish causality and directly test mechanistic pathways, but together, findings reaffirm the health-relevance of support-giving behavior and shed light on a promising biological mechanism by which such effects may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen K Inagaki
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella M Alvarez
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edward Orehek
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole M Abaya
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Reich SM, Dahlin M, Tulagan N, Kerlow M, Cabrera N, Piroutek MJ, Heyming T. Caregivers' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Children's Behavior. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2023; 44:1093-1112. [PMID: 36941899 PMCID: PMC10009501 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211055511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has financial and emotional impacts on families. We explored how caregivers' financial strain and mental health are associated with changes in their young children's behavior during the pandemic. We additionally considered whether having a sense of purpose moderated these associations. Caregivers (n = 300) in the emergency department of a children's hospital were surveyed anonymously about changes to their employment (e.g., reduced/increased hours and job loss), ability to pay for expenses and whether their child's behavior had changed. Aligned with the Family Stress Model, caregivers' financial strain was associated with poor mental health, inconsistent sleep routines, and changes in children's problematic and prosocial behaviors. A sense of purpose buffered some of these relationships. Families are differently affected by the pandemic and our findings underscore the need for supporting caregivers' mental health and connecting them with resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Dahlin
- UCI School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nestor Tulagan
- UCI School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Theodore Heyming
- CHOC Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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Lüscher J, Scholz U, Bierbauer W. Social support, distress and well-being in individuals experiencing Long-COVID: a cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067166. [PMID: 36948566 PMCID: PMC10039976 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasingly attention of the COVID-19 pandemic is directed towards its long-term effects, also known as Long-COVID. So far, Long-COVID was examined mainly from a medical perspective, leaving psychosocial effects of Long-COVID understudied. The present study advances the current literature by examining social support in the context of Long-COVID. The study not only examines received support reported by individuals with Long-COVID, but also provided support reported by relatives of individuals with Long-COVID. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted from June to October 2021 in Austria, Germany and the German-speaking part of Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS We examined 256 individuals with Long-COVID (MAge=45.05 years, 90.2% women) and 50 relatives of individuals with Long-COVID (MAge=48.34 years, 66.1% female) in two separate online surveys, assessing social support, well-being and distress. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were positive and negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms and perceived stress. RESULTS For individuals with Long-COVID, receiving emotional support was related to higher well-being (positive affect: b=0.29, p<0.01; negative affect: b=-0.31, p<0.05) and less distress (anxiety: b=-1.45, p<0.01; depressive symptoms: b=-1.04, p<0.05; perceived stress: b=-0.21, p<0.05) but no effects emerged for receiving practical support. For relatives of individuals with Long-COVID, providing emotional support was only related to lower depressive symptoms (b=-2.57, p<0.05). Again, provided practical support was unrelated to the outcomes considered. CONCLUSIONS Emotional support is likely to play an important role in well-being and distress of patients and relatives, whereas practical support does not seem to make a difference. Future research should clarify under what conditions different kinds of support unfold their positive effects on well-being and distress in the context of Long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bierbauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Otto AK, Vadaparampil ST, Heyman RE, Ellington L, Reblin M. Spouse caregivers' identification of the patient as their primary support person is associated with better patient psychological well-being. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023; 41:137-149. [PMID: 35486591 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2022.2067804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Examine the impact of the primary-support person (PSP) role on advanced cancer patient and spouse caregiver psychological well-being, above and beyond the effects of relationship satisfaction. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire data. 88 advanced cancer patient/spouse-caregiver dyads. Patients and caregivers independently completed measures assessing depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and relationship satisfaction, and identified their PSP. Patient and caregiver psychological well-being outcomes were regressed on patient and caregiver PSP variables in an actor-partner interdependence model. Half of patients identified their caregiver as PSP; 9% of caregivers identified their patient as PSP. When caregivers identified their patient as PSP, the patient reported better outcomes. No associations were seen for patient identification of caregiver as PSP or caregiver well-being. Clinicians can encourage patients to find ways to continue to focus on their relationship with the caregiver and help caregivers connect with other sources of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Otto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Richard E Heyman
- Family Translational Research Group, New York University Faculty of Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lee Ellington
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maija Reblin
- Department of Family Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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14
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Chandler KR, Krueger KL, Forest AL, Orehek E. Interested and Instrumental: An Examination of Instrumentality Regulation With Potential Romantic Partners. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023; 49:197-214. [PMID: 34964374 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211061942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Instrumentality-the extent to which one facilitates another person's goal progress-has been described as the Rosetta Stone of attraction, and promotes closeness in ongoing relationships. Yet prior work has not examined whether people might regulate their instrumentality in contexts in which they desire (vs. do not desire) attraction or closeness with others. Four studies, employing imagined online scenario and in-lab experimental paradigms, examined whether people strive to be more instrumental to potential romantic partners (targets) under conditions that lead them to be more (vs. less) romantically interested in those targets. Single participants were more romantically interested in romantically available versus unavailable targets, which in turn, was associated with greater willingness to be instrumental. Results for romantically involved participants were less consistent. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Conroy É, Kennedy P, Heverin M, Hardiman O, Galvin M. Care, burden and self-described positive aspects of caring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an exploratory, longitudinal, mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064254. [PMID: 36669844 PMCID: PMC9872468 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore factors associated with care burden and the self-described positive aspects of caring for a person living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) over time. DESIGN Exploratory longitudinal mixed-methods study. SETTING A national multidisciplinary tertiary clinic in Dublin, Ireland. PARTICIPANTS Participants were informal caregivers of people living with ALS (plwALS) attending the national ALS/motor neuron disease Clinic Dublin. This study focuses on informal caregivers who completed five consecutive interviews (n = 17) as part of a larger multisite study, over the course of 2.5 years. Participants were over the age of 18. Formal paid caregivers were not included. OUTCOME MEASURES Data were collected on demographic and well-being measures and an open-ended question asked about positive aspects of caregiving. Relevant statistical analysis was carried out on quantitative data and qualitative data were analysed thematically. RESULTS The caregivers in this study were predominantly female and spouse/partners of the plwALS. Hours of care provided and self-assessed burden increased substantially over time, psychological distress reached clinical significance and quality of life remained relatively stable. Positive aspects identified were thematised as meaning in life and personal satisfaction and varied in relative frequency across phases of the caregiving trajectory. CONCLUSIONS The co-occurrence of negative and positive factors influences the experiences of informal caregivers in ALS. It is important to explore and acknowledge positive aspects, how they develop and are sustained in order to inform supportive services. The cyclical adaptation identified in this study provides evidence for time sensitive targeted supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éilís Conroy
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Polly Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Heverin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Galvin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Gallagher S, Haugh C, Castro Solano A, de la Iglesia G, McMahon J. Social support imbalance and depressive symptoms in young adolescents: the negative effect of giving but not receiving. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2151715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Chloe Haugh
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Castro Solano
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departament of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe de la Iglesia
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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Harris MW, Byrne KA, Liu Y, Ghaiumy Anaraky R. The Cost of Giving: Examining the Relationship between Narcissistic, Self-Sacrificing, and Empathetic Traits on Effortful versus Effortless Prosocial Behavior. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Mbuthia K, Mwangi S, Owino G. Implications of providing social support to close network members on the social well-being of older people in Kitui County, Kenya. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:897508. [DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.897508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social support is a strong predictor of social well-being. Older people are key providers of social support to others, but an overemphasis on received social support in gerontological literature portrays them as mere recipients. We examined the association between social support provided by older people and its influence on their social well-being. Data were collected from 369 respondents residing in rural dwellings in Kitui County using mixed methods and were analyzed for association using chi-square statistics. Instrumental, emotional, and information support provision was determined by asking four questions in each category about whether the respondents provided social support to close network members. The subjective experience of support provision using a satisfaction question for each domain of social support was used to determine the influence of providing social support on the social well-being of older people. Provision of social support across the three domains was found to be significantly associated with social well-being. The level of statistical significance was highest for emotional and information support compared to instrumental support. Older people are important providers of social support. The majority of those who provided social support reported being satisfied. Therefore, offering social support, especially emotional and information support, is an important contributor to satisfaction with these aspects of social well-being.
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Arbel R, Szpiro SF, Sagi J, Khuri M, Berkovits L, Cohen N. Reappraising negative emotions reduces distress during the COVID-19 outbreak. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36124046 PMCID: PMC9476464 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, we examined the utility of intrinsic (i.e., self) versus extrinsic (i.e., other) reappraisal training for distress reduction during two consecutive COVID-19 lockdowns in Israel. In both Study 1 (n = 104) and Study 2 (n = 181), participants practiced the use of reappraisal for eight sessions across three weeks. Participants were trained to reappraise either a personal event (self-reappraisal group) or an incident presumably written by another participant (other-reappraisal group). Study 2 also included an untrained control group. Outcome measures were daily negative mood and psychological distress immediately at post-training and at a two-month follow-up. The results demonstrate a benefit for training compared to no training in lowering immediate post-training distress and daily negative emotions. However, this advantage disappeared at the two-month follow-up. In both studies, intrinsic reappraisal was associated with lower post-training distress than extrinsic reappraisal. Findings suggest reappraising negative experiences may lower distress at times of major contextual stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03642-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reout Arbel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, The Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit F.A. Szpiro
- Department of Special Education, Haifa, Israel
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Lior Berkovits
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noga Cohen
- Department of Special Education, Haifa, Israel
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Lukman NA, Merry L. Religion, support and self-care experiences: A qualitative descriptive study with Indonesian adults with the chronic disease living in Montreal, Canada. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1765-1777. [PMID: 35975318 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore and describe the chronic illness self-care experiences of Indonesian immigrants living in Montreal, Canada and to gain a better understanding of how religion and support shaped these experiences. DESIGN Qualitative description. METHODS Data were collected from January to March 2020 via semi-structured interviews. Eight men and women participated. The data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Major themes identified were (1) religion, (2) being helpful to others, (3) family support, (4) transnational family support, (5) community support and (6) being in Indonesia versus Canada. Religion and faith were sources of motivation for self-care and provided guidance and strength to heal and accept the illness, mainly through the practice of prayer. 'Being helpful to others' (collectivism), including aiding others to avoid getting sick or giving 'health tips', and also just generally taking care of family also contributed to overall well-being. Spouses were the main source of assistance with disease monitoring and management and health maintenance, whereas support from the Indonesian community was minimal and mostly consisted of informational and social support. Transnational relationships with family members in Indonesia, however, provided an additional means for obtaining emotional support, advice and access to traditional medicines. Overall, there was little expectation that family or the community offer or provide support with self-care. These low expectations may partially be explained by the different cultural and social contexts in Canada compared with Indonesia. CONCLUSION Religious, cultural, social and family factors may be carried over from the home country and/or may be altered post-migration, and this may impact how Indonesian immigrants with chronic illness engage in self-care. IMPACT Cultural factors (collectivism, traditional medicines), religious beliefs and support networks, both locally and transnationally should be assessed and considered during care to better support and promote self-care among immigrants living with chronic diseases. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Two Indonesian community organizations facilitated recruitment and data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akidah Lukman
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, CIUSSS West-Central Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisa Merry
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,SHERPA, The University Institute with Regards to Cultural Communities, CIUSSS West-Central Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,InterActions, Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs, CIUSSS North Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Dungan JA, Munguia Gomez DM, Epley N. Too Reluctant to Reach Out: Receiving Social Support Is More Positive Than Expressers Expect. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1300-1312. [PMID: 35802611 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221082942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receiving social support is critical for well-being, but concerns about a recipient's reaction could make people reluctant to express such support. Our studies indicate that people's expectations about how their support will be received predict their likelihood of expressing it (Study 1, N = 100 online adults), but these expectations are systematically miscalibrated. Participants who sent messages of support to others they knew (Study 2, N = 120 students) or who expressed support to a new acquaintance in person (Study 3, N = 50 adult pairs) consistently underestimated how positively their recipients would respond. A systematic perspective gap between expressers and recipients may explain miscalibrated expectations: Expressers may focus on how competent their support seems, whereas recipients may focus on the warmth it conveys (Study 4, N = 300 adults). Miscalibrated concerns about how to express support most competently may make people overly reluctant to reach out to someone in need.
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22
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Guan SSA, Jimenez G, Cabrera J, Cho A, Ullah O, Den Broeder R. Providing Support Differentially Affects Asian American and Latinx Psychosocial and Physiological Well-Being: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869715. [PMID: 35693501 PMCID: PMC9179640 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial evidence suggests receiving social support has positive implications for well-being, less is known about how providing support can confer benefits, particularly for Asian American and Latinx individuals who are more likely to come from interdependent cultures that emphasize family obligation. Asian American and Latinx college students (N = 48; Mage = 21.44, SD = 2.61; 68.75% female) reported on anxiety before taking part in a modified laboratory task that elicited a physiological stress response as measured by total cortisol output. They were randomly assigned to write (a) a supportive note to a family member, (b) a supportive note to a close friend, or (c) about their day in a control condition after the mild lab stressor and reported on psychosocial well-being (i.e., post-task anxiety and self-esteem). Those who provided support to a family member experienced higher self-esteem compared to those in the control condition. However, there was variation in Asian American and Latinx participants’ physiological stress response (i.e., total cortisol output). The findings suggest that providing support to close others, particularly family members, can be differentially meaningful for individuals from diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Sha Angie Guan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shu-Sha Angie Guan,
| | - Gabriela Jimenez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Cabrera
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Anna Cho
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Omar Ullah
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Ruben Den Broeder
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
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Prosocial Behavior and Aggression in the Daily School Lives of Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1636-1652. [PMID: 35478303 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research has not adequately addressed a possible mutual co-regulatory influence of prosocial and aggressive behaviors in adolescents' daily lives. This study explored bidirectional within-person associations between prosocial and aggressive behaviors in the daily school lives of early adolescents. The sample included 242 sixth-graders [Mage = 11.96 (SD = 0.18), 50% girls] and their teachers. Adolescents reported on daily prosocial behavior and reactive and proactive aggression for ten consecutive days. Teachers and adolescents reported on adolescents' overall prosocial behaviors. Across-day prosocial behaviors increased after days when adolescents exhibited more reactive aggression but not among self-reported low-prosocial adolescents. Increased prosocial behaviors did not mitigate aggression the next day. The findings suggest prosocial behaviors are a plausible compensatory strategy after daily aggressive reactions.
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Nolan MT, Diefendorff J, Erickson RJ, Lee MT. Psychological compassion climate: Examining the nomological network of perceptions of work group compassion. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zanjari N, Momtaz YA, Kamal SHM, Basakha M, Ahmadi S. The Influence of Providing and Receiving Social Support on Older Adults' Well-being. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792112241. [PMID: 37274857 PMCID: PMC10156029 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Social support is a leading contributing factor for older adults' well-being. The present study aimed to compare the impact of two-way (providing and receiving) social support on the well-being of Iranian older adults. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1280 community-dwelling older adults in Tehran, Iran, 2020. The researcher used the clustered sampling method and the 2-way Social Support Scale (SSS) to collect samples and measure social support, respectively. The well-being was measured by the self-reported World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to compare the effects of social support aspects on well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of the respondents was 70.90 (SD=8.07), and about 70% of the sample was married. The mean scores of taking and providing social support were 20.70 ±7.52 and 17.71 ±7.82, respectively. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that providing social support is significantly associated with the well-being of older adults beyond and over receiving social support and possible contributing factors (∆F=30.25; ∆R2= 0.39, p<0.05). Conclusion The results showed that providing social support is more important than receiving it. Older adults should participate in social activities to provide social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Zanjari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mehdi Basakha
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ahmadi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sartore GM, Pourliakas A, Lagioia V. Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 12:CD010618. [PMID: 34923624 PMCID: PMC8684823 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010618.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents and family carers of children with complex needs experience a high level of pressure to meet children's needs while maintaining family functioning and, as a consequence, often experience reduced well-being and elevated psychological distress. Peer support interventions are intended to improve parent and carer well-being by enhancing the social support available to them. Support may be delivered via peer mentoring or through support groups (peer or facilitator led). Peer support interventions are widely available, but the potential benefits and risks of such interventions are not well established. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of peer support interventions (compared to usual care or alternate interventions) on psychological and psychosocial outcomes, including adverse outcomes, for parents and other family carers of children with complex needs in any setting. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following resources. • Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; latest issue: April 2014), in the Cochrane Library. • MEDLINE (OvidSP) (1966 to 19 March 2014). • Embase (OvidSP) (1974 to 18 March 2014). • Journals@OVID (22 April 2014). • PsycINFO (OvidSP) (1887 to 19 March 2014). • BiblioMap (EPPI-Centre, Health Promotion Research database) (22 April 2014). • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (26 May 2014). • metaRegister of Controlled Trials (13 May 2014). We conducted a search update of the following databases. • MEDLINE (OvidSP) (2013 to 20 February 2018) (search overlapped to 2013). • PsycINFO (ProQuest) (2013 to 20 February 2018). • Embase (Elsevier) (2013 to 21 February 2018). We handsearched the reference lists of included studies and four key journals (European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 31 March 2015; Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders: 30 March 2015; Diabetes Educator: 7 April 2015; Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: 13 April 2015). We contacted key investigators and consulted key advocacy groups for advice on identifying unpublished data. We ran updated searches on 14 August 2019 and on 25 May 2021. Studies identified in these searches as eligible for full-text review are listed as "Studies awaiting classification" and will be assessed in a future update. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and cluster randomised controlled trials (RCTs and cluster RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Controlled before-and-after and interrupted time series studies were eligible for inclusion if they met criteria set by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Review Group. The comparator could be usual care or an alternative intervention. The population eligible for inclusion consisted of parents and other family carers of children with any complex needs. We applied no restriction on setting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Inclusion decisions were made independently by two authors, with differences resolved by a third author. Extraction to data extraction templates was conducted independently by two authors and cross-checked. Risk of bias assessments were made independently by two authors and were reported according to Cochrane guidelines. All measures of treatment effect were continuous and were analysed in Review Manager version 5.3. GRADE assessments were undertaken independently by two review authors, with differences resolved by discussion. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 studies (21 RCTs, 1 quasi-RCT) of 2404 participants. Sixteen studies compared peer support to usual care; three studies compared peer support to an alternative intervention and to usual care but only data from the usual care arm contributed to results; and three studies compared peer support to an alternative intervention only. We judged risk of bias as moderate to high across all studies, particularly for selection, performance, and detection bias. Included studies contributed data to seven effect estimates compared to usual care: psychological distress (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.32 to 0.11; 8 studies, 864 participants), confidence and self-efficacy (SMD 0.04, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.21; 8 studies, 542 participants), perception of coping (SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.21; 3 studies, 293 participants), quality of life and life satisfaction (SMD 0.03, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.38; 2 studies, 143 participants), family functioning (SMD 0.15, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.38; 4 studies, 272 participants), perceived social support (SMD 0.31, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.77; 4 studies, 191 participants), and confidence and skill in navigating medical services (SMD 0.05, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.28; 4 studies, 304 participants). In comparisons to alternative interventions, one pooled effect estimate was possible: psychological distress (SMD 0.2, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.79; 2 studies, 95 participants). No studies reported on adverse outcomes. All narratively synthesised data for psychological distress (compared to usual care - 2 studies), family functioning (compared to usual care - 1 study; compared to an alternative intervention - 1 study), perceived social support (compared to usual care - 2 studies), and self-efficacy (compared to alternative interventions - 1 study) were equivocal. Comparisons with usual care showed no difference between intervention and control groups (perceived social support), some effect over time for both groups but more effect for intervention (distress), or mixed effects for intervention (family function). Comparisons with alternative interventions showed no difference between the intervention of interest and the alternative. This may indicate similar effects to the intervention of interest or lack of effect of both, and we are uncertain which option is likely. We found no clear evidence of effects of peer support interventions on any parent outcome, for any comparator; however, the certainty of evidence for each outcome was low to very low, and true effects may differ substantially from those reported here. We found no evidence of adverse events such as mood contagion, negative group interactions, or worsened psychological health. Qualitative data suggest that parents and carers value peer support interventions and appreciate emotional support. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Parents and carers of children with complex needs perceive peer support interventions as valuable, but this review found no evidence of either benefit or harm. Currently, there is uncertainty about the effects of peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs. However, given the overall low to very low certainty of available evidence, our estimates showing no effects of interventions may very well change with further research of higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Pourliakas
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vince Lagioia
- Parenting Research Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
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Hawkley L, Wroblewski K, Cagney KA, Waite LJ. Resilience and Social Support-Giving Scales: Conceptual and Empirical Validation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S238-S250. [PMID: 34918150 PMCID: PMC8678431 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report introduces National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) data users to 2 new measures-one that assesses older adults' resilience, defined as personal attributes that indicate an adaptive reserve that can be drawn on during adversity, and a second that expands on existing measures of social support received from others to also assess social support given to close others. METHOD Data from 4,604 NSHAP respondents born 1920-1965 were used to conduct psychometric analyses and validation of our measures of resilience and social support-giving. RESULTS Scale reliabilities were acceptable for the 4-item resilience scale, and the 2-item scales for family support-giving and friend support-giving. The 2 spousal support-giving items did not cohere well as a single scale. The resilience scale exhibited significant correlations with criterion validation variables, even after adjusting for correlated personality traits. The support-giving scales, and the spousal support-giving items, also exhibited significant correlations with criteria, and with the resilience scale, even after adjusting for social support receipt. Scale means exhibited demographic differences. DISCUSSION The resilience and social support-giving measures have acceptable psychometric characteristics (with the exception of spousal support-giving), convergent validity, and predictive utility net of related variables. NSHAP data users are offered several suggestions (key points) in the use of these measures in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hawkley
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kathleen A Cagney
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda J Waite
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Whitmore L, Schulte T, Bovbjerg K, Hartstein M, Austin J, Luta G, McFarland L, Rowley SD, Nyirenda T, Lewis-Thames M, Stanton AL, Valdimarsdottir H, Graves K, Rini C. Efficacy of expressive helping in adult hematologic cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplant: protocol for the Writing for Insight, Strength, and Ease (WISE) study's two-arm randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:722. [PMID: 34670600 PMCID: PMC8527764 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During, shortly after, and sometimes for years after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, a large proportion of hematological cancer patients undergoing transplant report significant physical and psychological symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life. To address these survivorship problems, we developed a low-burden, brief psychological intervention called expressive helping that includes two theory- and evidence-based components designed to work together synergistically: emotionally expressive writing and peer support writing. Building on evidence from a prior randomized control trial showing reductions in physical symptoms and distress in long-term transplant survivors with persistent survivorship problems, the Writing for Insight, Strength, and Ease (WISE) trial will evaluate the efficacy of expressive helping when used during transplant and in the early post-transplant period, when symptoms peak, and when intervention could prevent development of persistent symptoms. Methods WISE is a multi-site, two-arm randomized controlled efficacy trial. Adult hematological cancer patients scheduled for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant will complete baseline measures and then, after hospitalization but prior to transplant, they will be randomized to complete either expressive helping or a time and attention “neutral writing” task. Both expressive helping and neutral writing involve four brief writing sessions, beginning immediately after randomization and ending approximately 4 weeks after hospital discharge. Measures of symptom burden (primary outcome), distress, health-related quality of life, and fatigue (secondary outcomes) will be administered in seven assessments coinciding with medically relevant time points from baseline and to a year post-intervention. Discussion The steady and continuing increase in use of stem cell transplantation has created growing need for efficacious, accessible interventions to reduce the short- and long-term negative physical and psychosocial effects of this challenging but potentially life-saving treatment. Expressive helping is a psychological intervention that was designed to fill this gap. It has been shown to be efficacious in long-term transplant survivors but could have even greater impact if it is capable of reducing symptoms during and soon after transplant. The WISE study will evaluate these benefits in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.govNCT03800758. Registered January 11, 2019
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Whitmore
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.
| | - Taylor Schulte
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katrin Bovbjerg
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madison Hartstein
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane Austin
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - George Luta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lily McFarland
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Scott D Rowley
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Themba Nyirenda
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Marquita Lewis-Thames
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Community Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annette L Stanton
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heiddis Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Sinai School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristi Graves
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christine Rini
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Caprariello PA, Reis HT. “This one’s on me!”: Differential well-being effects of self-centered and recipient-centered motives for spending money on others. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Providing support is easier done than said: Support providers' perceptions of touch and verbal support provision requests. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The balance of giving versus receiving social support and all-cause mortality in a US national sample. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024770118. [PMID: 34099550 PMCID: PMC8214686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024770118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While numerous studies exist on the benefits of social support (both receiving and giving), little research exists on how the balance between the support that individuals regularly give versus that which they receive from others relates to physical health. In a US national sample of 6,325 adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, participants were assessed at baseline on hours of social support given and received on a monthly basis, with all-cause mortality data collected from the National Death Index over a 23-y follow-up period. Participants who were relatively balanced in the support they gave compared to what they received had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who either disproportionately received support from others (e.g., received more hours of support than they gave each month) or disproportionately gave support to others (e.g., gave many more hours of support a month than they received). These findings applied to instrumental social support (e.g., help with transportation, childcare). Additionally, participants who gave a moderate amount of instrumental social support had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who either gave very little support or those who gave a lot of support to others. Associations were evident over and above demographic, medical, mental health, and health behavior covariates. Although results are correlational, one interpretation is that promoting a balance, in terms of the support that individuals regularly give relative to what they receive in their social relationships, may not only help to strengthen the social fabric of society but may also have potential physical health benefits.
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Wang MT, Scanlon CL, Hua M, Del Toro J. Safely Social: Promoting and Sustaining Adolescent Engagement in Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:1059-1066. [PMID: 33858762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents are at risk for violating COVID-19 social distancing measures owing to salient developmental needs for autonomy and relatedness. This intensive longitudinal study investigated the initiation and sustainment of adolescents' daily social distancing behaviors. METHODS Focus group and daily-diary approaches were used to collect 6,216 assessments from a nationwide American adolescent sample (n = 444; Mage = 15.1; 40% male; 42% black/African American, 40% white/European American, 10% Latinx, 6% Asian American, 2% Native American) over the course of 14 days at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS When adolescents were motivated by preventing others from getting sick, they were more likely to engage in social distancing (same day: B = .50, SE = .09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.32, .68] p < .001; next day: B = .49, SE = .09, 95% CI [.31, .67] p < .001). Daily social support from friends (same day: B = .04, SE = .02, 95% CI [.01, .08] p < .05; next day: B = .08, SE = .02, 95% CI [.05, .12] p < .001), connectedness with friends via technology (same day: B = .23, SE = .04, 95% CI [.14, .32] p < .001; next day: B = .12, SE = .05, 95% CI [.03, .21] p < .001), and practical knowledge about ways to prevent contracting and transmitting COVID-19 (same day: B = .12, SE = .02, 95% CI [.08, .17] p < .001; next day: B = .05, SE = .02, 95% CI [.01, .10] p < .05) positively predicted adolescents' same- and next-day engagement in social distancing. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who were motivated by the desire to protect others were more likely to engage in social distancing. In addition, adolescents who learned about preventative health behaviors for mitigating COVID-19, received peer support, and remained virtually connected with friends were more likely to engage in daily social distancing at the onset of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Te Wang
- School of Education, Department of Psychology, and Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Christina L Scanlon
- School of Education, Department of Psychology, and Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Meng Hua
- School of Education, Department of Psychology, and Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan Del Toro
- School of Education, Department of Psychology, and Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ballard PJ, Daniel SS, Anderson G, Nicolotti L, Caballero Quinones E, Lee M, Koehler AN. Incorporating Volunteering Into Treatment for Depression Among Adolescents: Developmental and Clinical Considerations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:642910. [PMID: 34025511 PMCID: PMC8131855 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volunteering, or taking part in unpaid work for the benefit of others, can be a powerful positive experience with returns to both individual well-being and community projects. Volunteering is positively associated with mental health in observational studies with community samples but has not been systematically examined as a potential part of treatment interventions with clinical adolescent samples. In this manuscript, we review the empirical evidence base connecting volunteerism to mental health and well-being, outline potential mechanisms based in the theoretical literature from developmental science, and discuss the existing clinical approaches that support community volunteering as a part of treatment. Drawing on this review, we propose that including volunteering as a component of clinical treatment approaches for adolescent depression can be a powerful intervention for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa J Ballard
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie S Daniel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Grace Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Linda Nicolotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Aubry N Koehler
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Gallagher S, O'Súilleabháin PS, Smith MA. The cardiovascular response to acute psychological stress is related to subjectively giving and receiving social support. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 164:95-102. [PMID: 33741367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathways linking giving and receiving emotional and instrumental social support, and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) are not yet fully understood. Eight-two healthy young adults completed psychometric measures of giving and receiving emotional and instrumental social support and participated in a standardised laboratory stress task. Cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters were monitored throughout. Both giving and receiving emotional support were positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), such that those reporting giving and receiving more emotional support had higher reactivity. Only receiving instrumental was associated with DBP, with those receiving more instrumental support having higher reactivity. Moreover, while the significant association between giving social support and CVR withstood adjustment for several confounding factors (e.g., BMI, sex) it was abolished when receiving support was controlled for. These findings are novel and extend the literature on social support and CVR. Taken together, these findings suggest that receipt of support, rather than giving, may be more influential in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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Lestari SK, de Luna X, Eriksson M, Malmberg G, Ng N. A longitudinal study on social support, social participation, and older Europeans' Quality of life. SSM Popul Health 2021; 13:100747. [PMID: 33644292 PMCID: PMC7892994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between quality of life (QoL) and social relationships is well established. This paper further analyses whether and how participation in social activities as well as providing and receiving social support, independently, are associated with QoL among the older population in 16 European countries. QoL was measured using the CASP-12 scale. The baseline data came from Wave 6 and the outcome from Wave 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The associations of interest were analysed using multivariable linear regression. The effect of possible non-ignorable dropout was tested. Then, doubly robust estimation and sensitivity analyses for unobserved confounding were performed to evaluate the possible causal interpretation of the associations found. Our findings show that participation in at least one of the socially productive activities was positively associated with QoL at two-year follow-up (Average Causal Effect, ACE: 0.474; 95%CI: 0.361, 0.587). The association was stronger among women, people aged 75+, and those in the Southern European region. Providing social support had a positive association with QoL, but only among people aged 75+ (ACE: 0.410; 95%CI: 0.031, 0.789). Conversely, receiving social support had a negative association (ACE: -0.321; 95%CI: -0.448, -0.195) with QoL, especially for men, people aged 75+, and those in Eastern European countries. Sensitivity analyses for unobserved confounders showed that the associations found cannot be attributed to causal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Septi Kurnia Lestari
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Xavier de Luna
- Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Malin Eriksson
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Malmberg
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
- Department of Geography, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Nawi Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
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Berli C, Schwaninger P, Scholz U. "We Feel Good": Daily Support Provision, Health Behavior, and Well-Being in Romantic Couples. Front Psychol 2021; 11:622492. [PMID: 33536986 PMCID: PMC7848131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.622492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partners are an important source of support when pursuing health goals. A vast amount of literature documents the role of social support in alleviating recipients’ distress and facilitating health behaviors. Less studied is the phenomenon that providing support may entail a benefit for the provider, particularly in the context of health behavior change. In the present study, we investigated whether providing social support in daily life would be associated with more health behavior, and emotional and relational well-being that same day, using a sample of romantic couples aiming to become more physically active. Ninety-nine inactive and overweight heterosexual romantic couples (=198 individuals) participated in this dyadic daily diary study. Both partners reported on the provision of social support, positive and negative affect, and relationship satisfaction in electronic end-of-day diaries across 14 consecutive days. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively assessed via triaxial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+). Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), dyadic data analyses indicated that providing support to the partner was associated with higher own MVPA, more own positive affect, less own negative affect, and more own relationship satisfaction (actor effects), over and above the effect of support provision on outcomes in the other partner (partner effects). The present findings suggest that the provision of daily social support in couples is strongly associated with enhanced well-being not only at a personal level but also at a relational level. Providing social support may also serve the function of relationship maintenance. Thus, shifting the focus away from the recipient to examine beneficial effects of social support in providers is highly relevant. Future research should address the question of when, why, and how giving support is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Berli
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schwaninger
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Austin MK, Drage JN, Dezil J, Siliezar R, Chen E. The Relationship Between Disproportionate Social Support and Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers: Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Context. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:177-186. [PMID: 33534435 PMCID: PMC7863584 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines the association of disproportionate social support (the relative balance of support given versus received) on metabolic and inflammatory outcomes and whether effects vary by socioeconomic context. METHODS We enrolled a sample of 307 parental caregivers living with a child with a chronic illness. Parents were assessed on four dimensions of social support: emotional support received, instrumental support received, emotional support given, and instrumental support given. Disproportionate social support was calculated as the difference between support received and support given. Participants provided sociodemographic information, were interviewed about financial stress, and were assessed on metabolic (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body fat percent, and body mass index) and inflammatory (interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein) outcomes. RESULTS More disproportionate instrumental and emotional support was associated with higher inflammation (b = 0.10, SE = 0.04, p = .014; b = 0.0.09, SE = 0.05, p = .042, respectively). We observed significant interactions between disproportionate social support and income (b = -0.04, SE = 0.02, p = .021). Parents from lower-income households who gave more emotional support than they received had higher inflammation compared with those from higher-income households. We also observed a significant interaction between disproportionate instrumental support and income (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, p = .006). Parents from lower-income households who received more instrumental support than they gave had worse metabolic outcomes compared with parents from higher-income households. Parallel interaction patterns were observed using an interview-based measure of financial stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that disproportionate social support has implications for physical health, particularly for caregivers from socioeconomically disadvantaged households.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane N. Drage
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Johanna Dezil
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Rebekah Siliezar
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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Armstrong-Carter E, Guassi Moreira JF, Ivory SL, Telzer EH. Daily Links Between Helping Behaviors and Emotional Well-Being During Late Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:943-955. [PMID: 32776635 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated daily associations between helping behaviors and emotional well-being during late adolescence, examining whether these links depend on the recipient of help (i.e., friend vs. roommate), type of help (i.e., instrumental vs. emotional), and individual differences in the helper (i.e., gender and empathy). First-year college students (N = 411, 63.5% women, Mage = 18.62 years) completed diary checklists for eight days, reporting whether they provided instrumental and emotional support to a friend or roommate, and positive and negative emotions. On days that adolescents provided instrumental assistance to friends they felt more positive affect, but men also felt more negative affect. Providing instrumental and emotional support to roommates and providing emotional support to friends did not predict daily emotions.
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Inagaki TK, Meyer ML. Individual differences in resting-state connectivity and giving social support: implications for health. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:1076-1085. [PMID: 31269205 PMCID: PMC7657449 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the health benefits of giving support, though variability in such behavior exists. Based on the possibility that the dorsomedial (DMPFC) default network subsystem is associated with social thinking and behavior, integrity of this subsystem may facilitate giving support to others. The current study tested associations between DMPFC subsystem connectivity at rest and tendencies related to giving support. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging session, 45 participants completed an emotional social cues task, a resting-state scan and self-report measures of social support. Supportive behavior during the month following the scan was also assessed. Greater DMPFC subsystem connectivity at rest was associated with greater support giving (though not receiving or perceiving support) at the time of the scan and one month later. Results held after adjusting for extraversion. In addition, greater resting-state DMPFC subsystem connectivity was associated with attenuated dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula and amygdala activity to others’ negative emotional social cues, suggesting that DMPFC subsystem integrity at rest is also associated with the dampened withdrawal response proposed to facilitate care for others in need. Together, results begin to hint at an additional role for the ‘default’ social brain: giving support to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen K Inagaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Lestari SK, de Luna X, Eriksson M, Malmberg G, Ng N. Changes in the provision of instrumental support by older adults in nine European countries during 2004-2015: a panel data analysis. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:436. [PMID: 33129257 PMCID: PMC7603660 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing support to others has been shown to be beneficial to older adults. As people age, their health and social relationships change. These changes may also relate to changes in social support provision. We examined the trajectory of instrumental support provision by older people in three European regions throughout 11 years of follow-up. We then examined the extent to which age at baseline, sex, and region (representing welfare state regime) influenced the variations in the trajectory. METHODS Data collected from 8354 respondents who had completed at least waves 1 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was analysed. Instrumental support provision was determined from asking a single question regarding whether the respondent provided help personally for people outside their household. Region, sex, and age at baseline were the main predictors tested. We used growth modelling to address the aims of this study. RESULTS The northern European region (Sweden and Denmark) had the highest odds ratio of instrumental support provision. The likelihood of being involved in providing instrumental support decreased by 8% annually (OR: 0.916, 95%CI: 0.893,0.940) over the 11 years of follow-up. Older respondents were less likely to provide instrumental support and their trajectories declined faster than those of the younger respondents. Sex difference in instrumental support provision was more apparent among younger-older people in the southern European region. CONCLUSIONS Older European adults are an important source of instrumental support, especially for their families. The probability of instrumental support provision by European older adults declines over time. Age, sex, and welfare state regime predict this trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lestari
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - X de Luna
- Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Eriksson
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Malmberg
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Geography, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - N Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kohrt BA, Ottman K, Panter-Brick C, Konner M, Patel V. Why we heal: The evolution of psychological healing and implications for global mental health. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101920. [PMID: 33126037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Why do humans heal one another? Evolutionary psychology has advanced our understanding of why humans suffer psychological distress and mental illness. However, to date, the evolutionary origins of what drives humans to alleviate the suffering of others has received limited attention. Therefore, we draw upon evolutionary theory to assess why humans psychologically support one another, focusing on the interpersonal regulation of emotions that shapes how humans heal and console one another when in psychosocial distress. To understand why we engage in psychological healing, we review the evolution of cooperation among social species and the roles of emotional contagion, empathy, and self-regulation. We discuss key aspects of human biocultural evolution that have contributed to healing behaviors: symbolic logic including language, complex social networks, and the long period of childhood that necessitates identifying and responding to others in distress. However, both biological and cultural evolution also have led to social context when empathy and consoling are impeded. Ultimately, by understanding the evolutionary processes shaping why humans psychologically do or do not heal one another, we can improve our current approaches in global mental health and uncover new opportunities to improve the treatment of mental illness across cultures and context around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Katherine Ottman
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine Panter-Brick
- Jackson Institute of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, and Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Melvin Konner
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
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Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207413. [PMID: 33053738 PMCID: PMC7601487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The confinement imposed by measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic may in the short and medium term have psychological and psychosocial consequences affecting the well-being and mental health of individuals. This study aims to explore the role played by group membership and social and personal identities as coping resources to face the experience of the COVID-19 confinement and radical disruption of social, work, family and personal life in a sample of 421 people who have experienced a month of strict confinement in the Region of Madrid. Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. These results, in addition to providing relevant information about the psychological consequences of this experience, constitute a solid basis for the design of psychosocial interventions based on group memberships and social identity as coping resources.
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Sleep, emotional supportiveness, and socially straining behavior: A multidimensional approach. Sleep Health 2020; 7:49-55. [PMID: 33036952 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations of emotional supportiveness toward others and engagement in socially straining (negative) behavior toward others across close relationships with multiple dimensions of sleep health. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Community sample from the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS). PARTICIPANTS Four-hundred and thirty-five participants from the MIDUS II Biomarker Project aged 35-85. MEASUREMENTS Self-report assessments of being emotionally supportive and engaging in socially straining behavior toward friends, family, and romantic partners; self-report assessments of demographic and other psychological and health variables; 7 nights of wrist actigraphy and sleep diary. RESULTS Being emotionally supportive and engagement in socially straining behavior were associated with multiple dimensions of sleep health. The inclusion of demographic, health, and psychological covariates reduced but did not eliminate these associations. Based on analyses adjusting for these covariates, being more emotionally supportive toward close others was most robustly related to higher daytime alertness, and engaging in more socially straining behavior was most robustly related to less sleep regularity, quality, and efficiency. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate sleep health as a substantive correlate of being emotionally supportive toward and imposing social strain on others. They show that both daytime and nighttime dimensions of sleep health are important for social functioning across close relationships and highlight the need to examine both positive and negative aspects of relationships in relation to sleep.
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Eller J, Simpson JA. Theoretical Boundary Conditions of Partner Buffering in Romantic Relationships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186880. [PMID: 32967095 PMCID: PMC7558565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attachment insecurity is consequential for both personal and relationship wellbeing. Some research has documented that partner buffering can downregulate insecure individuals’ immediate feelings of distress, allowing them to feel more secure at least temporarily. The benefits of partner buffering, however, may be limited by several contextual factors. In this article, we identify boundary conditions that may curb or amplify the benefits of partner buffering for both targets (those who receive buffering) and agents (those who enact buffering). We suggest that motivation, ability, and timing may all affect partner buffering outcomes for targets and agents. If partner buffering is delivered in an adaptive way that does not reinforce the target’s insecure tendencies, it may help insecure targets learn that they can trust and depend on their partners (agents), which may facilitate greater security in targets. We recommend that future research consider these contextual factors and examine partner buffering as an inherently dyadic relationship process capable of enhancing attachment security.
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On the benefits and costs of extrinsic emotion regulation to the provider: Toward a neurobehavioral model. Cortex 2020; 130:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marigold DC, Cavallo JV, Hirniak A. Subjective perception or objective reality? How recipients’ self-esteem influences perceived and actual provider responsiveness in support contexts. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1652681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin V. Cavallo
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Alexandra Hirniak
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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Walumbwa FO, Christensen-Salem A, Perrmann-Graham J, Kasimu P. An Identification Based Framework Examining How and When Salient Social Exchange Resources Facilitate and Shape Thriving at Work. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1534484320946208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drawing upon social exchange and social identity theories, this study proposes a model to explain how resources produced from salient social exchanges at work influence employee thriving. To advance the literature and provide a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between social exchange resources and thriving at work, we examined resources produced from exchanges with two salient groups: supervisors and coworkers. We propose that leader–member exchange (LMX) and coworker helping and support relate to employee thriving at work through organizational identification and coworker relational identification, respectively. We also suggest that LMX and coworker helping and support moderate the influence of thriving on three facets of employee performance: task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and workplace deviance. Our work extends existing theory on relational resources and thriving at work by showing the mechanisms through which LMX and coworker helping and support relate to thriving, and how they enhance or inhibit the relationships between thriving and work-related outcomes.
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Inagaki TK, Brietzke S, Meyer ML. The Resting Brain Sets Support-Giving in Motion: Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Momentary Rest Primes Supportive Responding. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa081. [PMID: 34296139 PMCID: PMC8152835 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans give support, care, and assistance to others on a daily basis. However, the brain mechanisms that set such supportive behavior in motion are unknown. Based on previous findings demonstrating that activity in a portion of the brain’s default network—the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC)—during brief rest primes social thinking and behavior, momentary fluctuations in this brain region at rest may prime supportive responding. To test this hypothesis, 26 participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they alternated between deciding whether to give support to a close other in financial need, receive support for themselves, and make arbitrary decisions unrelated to support. Decisions were interleaved with brief periods of rest. Results showed that, within participants, spontaneous activity in the DMPFC during momentary periods of rest primed supportive-responding: greater activity in this region at the onset of a brief period of rest predicted, on a trial-by-trial basis, faster decisions to give support to the close other. Thus, activating the DMPFC as soon as our minds are free from external demands to attention may help individuals “default” to support-giving. Implications for understanding the prosocial functions of the resting brain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen K Inagaki
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Brietzke
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Kashihara J, Sakamoto S. Exploring perceived costs and benefits of first aid for youth with depression: a qualitative study of Japanese undergraduates. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:34. [PMID: 32489419 PMCID: PMC7247138 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early interventions for depression among youth are greatly needed. Although Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) program has been developed to teach the public how to help young people with mental disorders, including depression, it has assumed human altruism and overlooked the possibility that participants would experience conflict between the costs and benefits of helping behaviors. The present qualitative study, therefore, initially explored content of the costs and benefits perceived by youth in terms of helping their peers with depression. METHODS A total of 56 Japanese undergraduates (32 female, 24 male; M age = 20.20, SD = 1.09) participated in the face-to-face survey. They were provided with basic knowledge about helping behaviors and were presented with a vignette describing an undergraduate with depression. Then, they left free descriptive comments on their views of the costs/benefits of helping/not helping the person in the vignette. As supplemental quantitative analyses, we statistically compared numbers of labels (n = 624), which were obtained from participants' comments, across two (costs/benefits) × two (helping/not helping) domains. Finally, we conducted a qualitative content analysis that combined inductive and deductive methods to categorize these labels. RESULTS The supplemental quantitative analyses (i.e., ANOVA and post hoc analyses) on the numbers of labels highlighted that the participants perceived suppressors (i.e., costs of helping, benefits of not helping) as well as motivators (i.e., costs of not helping) in making decision to help peers with depression. The qualitative content analysis mainly showed that: (i) the categories in each domain covered multiple facets of costs and benefits, including negative/positive effects on the participants themselves, the person in the vignette, and interpersonal relationships; and that (ii) the participants perceived the conflicts of costs and benefits regardless of whether they help their peers with depression. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for how young people experience the conflicts between the costs and benefits of helping behaviors toward their peers with depression and reveal specific content of these costs and benefits. These findings could serve as a basis for extending YMHFA programs and designing educational content to promote public helping behaviors in realistic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kashihara
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550 Japan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan
- Present Address: Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University, 5-28-20 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8606 Japan
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550 Japan
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Collier E, Meyer ML. Memory of Others' Disclosures Is Consolidated during Rest and Associated with Providing Support: Neural and Linguistic Evidence. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1672-1687. [PMID: 32379001 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Social scientists have documented the power of being heard: Disclosing emotional experiences to others promotes mental and physical health. Yet, far less is known about how listeners digest the sensitive information people share with them. We combined brain imaging and text analysis methods with a naturalistic emotional disclosure paradigm to assess how listeners form memories of others' disclosures. Neural and linguistic evidence support the hypothesis that listeners consolidate memories for others' disclosures during rest after listening and that their ability to do so facilitates subsequently providing the speakers with support. In Study 1, brain imaging methods showed that functional connectivity between the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network and frontoparietal control network increased during rest after listening to others' disclosures and predicted subsequent memory for their experiences. Moreover, graph analytic methods demonstrated that the left anterior temporal lobe may function as a connector hub between these two networks when consolidating memory for disclosures. In Study 2, linguistic analyses revealed other-focused thought increased during rest after listening to others' disclosures and predicted not only memory for the information disclosed but also whether listeners supported the speakers the next day. Collectively, these findings point to the important role of memory consolidation during rest in helping listeners respond supportively to others' disclosures. In our increasingly busy lives, pausing to briefly rest may not only help us care for ourselves but also help us care for others.
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