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Bin Ibrahim MZ, Wang Z, Sajikumar S. Synapses tagged, memories kept: synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis in brain health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230237. [PMID: 38853570 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The synaptic tagging and capture (STC) hypothesis lays the framework on the synapse-specific mechanism of protein synthesis-dependent long-term plasticity upon synaptic induction. Activated synapses will display a transient tag that will capture plasticity-related products (PRPs). These two events, tag setting and PRP synthesis, can be teased apart and have been studied extensively-from their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties to the molecular events involved. Consequently, the hypothesis also permits interactions of synaptic populations that encode different memories within the same neuronal population-hence, it gives rise to the associativity of plasticity. In this review, the recent advances and progress since the experimental debut of the STC hypothesis will be shared. This includes the role of neuromodulation in PRP synthesis and tag integrity, behavioural correlates of the hypothesis and modelling in silico. STC, as a more sensitive assay for synaptic health, can also assess neuronal aberrations. We will also expound how synaptic plasticity and associativity are altered in ageing-related decline and pathological conditions such as juvenile stress, cancer, sleep deprivation and Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zijun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Li H, Zhao Z, Fassini A, Lee HK, Green RJ, Gomperts SN. Impaired Hippocampal Reactivation Preceding Robust Aβ Deposition in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595168. [PMID: 38853978 PMCID: PMC11160633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) target amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils and high molecular weight protofibrils associated with plaques, but other bioactive species may directly contribute to neural systems failure in AD. Employing hippocampal electrophysiological recordings and dynamic calcium imaging across the sleep-wake cycle in young mice expressing human Aβ and Aβ oligomers, we reveal marked impairments of hippocampal function long before amyloid plaques predominate. In slow wave sleep (SWS), Aβ increased the proportion of hypoactive cells and reduced place-cell reactivation. During awake behavior, Aβ impaired theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and drove excessive synchronization of place cell calcium fluctuations with hippocampal theta. Remarkably, the on-line impairment of hippocampal theta-gamma PAC correlated with the SWS impairment of place-cell reactivation. Together, these results identify toxic effects of Aβ on memory encoding and consolidation processes before robust plaque deposition and support targeting soluble Aβ-related species to treat and prevent AD.
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Shi X, Shen G, Zhao Z, Yu J, Chen M, Cai H, Gao J, Zhao L, Yao Z, Hu B. Decreased structural pathways mediating functional connectivity in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2024; 116:96-104. [PMID: 38437782 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep breathing disorder that is often accompanied by changes in structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC). However, the current understanding of the interaction between SC and FC in OSA is still limited. METHODS The aim of this study is to integrate complementary neuroimaging modalities into a unified framework using multi-layer network analysis methods and to reveal their complex interrelationships. We introduce a new graph metric called SC-FC bandwidth, which measures the throughput of SC mediating FC in a multi-layer network. The bandwidth differences between two groups are evaluated using the network-based statistics (NBS) method. Additionally, we traced and analyzed the SC pathways corresponding to the abnormal bandwidth. RESULTS In both the healthy control and patients with OSA, the majority offunctionally synchronized nodes were connected via SC paths of length 2. With the NBS method, we observed significantly lower bandwidth between the right Posterior cingulate gyrus and right Cuneus, bilateral Middle frontal gyrus, bilateral Gyrus rectus in OSA patients. By tracing the high-proportion SC pathways, it was found that OSA patients typically exhibit a decrease in direct SC-FC, SC-FC triangles, and SC-FC quads intra- and inter-networks. CONCLUSION Complex interrelationship changes have been observed between the SC and FC in patients with OSA, which might leads to abnormal information transmission and communication in the brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Shi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guo Shen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Ziyang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiandong Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongmin Cai
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Function, The Second Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Lianping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhijun Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Joint Research Center for Cognitive Neurosensor Technology of Lanzhou University & Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Santamaria L, Kashif I, McGinley N, Lewis PA. Memory reactivation in slow wave sleep enhances relational learning in humans. Commun Biol 2024; 7:288. [PMID: 38459227 PMCID: PMC10923908 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep boosts the integration of memories, and can thus facilitate relational learning. This benefit may be due to memory reactivation during non-REM sleep. We set out to test this by explicitly cueing reactivation using a technique called targeted memory reactivation (TMR), in which sounds are paired with learned material in wake and then softly played during subsequent sleep, triggering reactivation of the associated memories. We specifically tested whether TMR in slow wave sleep leads to enhancements in inferential thinking in a transitive inference task. Because the Up-phase of the slow oscillation is more responsive to cues than the Down-phase, we also asked whether Up-phase stimulation is more beneficial for such integration. Our data show that TMR during the Up-Phase boosts the ability to make inferences, but only for the most distant inferential leaps. Up-phase stimulation was also associated with detectable memory reinstatement, whereas Down-phase stimulation led to below-chance performance the next morning. Detection of memory reinstatement after Up-state stimulation was negatively correlated with performance on the most difficult inferences the next morning. These findings demonstrate that cueing memory reactivation at specific time points in sleep can benefit difficult relational learning problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Santamaria
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ibad Kashif
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Niall McGinley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Spruyt K. Neurocognitive Effects of Sleep Disruption in Children and Adolescents. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:27-45. [PMID: 38302211 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A main childhood task is learning. In this task, the role of sleep is increasingly demonstrated. Although most literature examining this role focuses on preadolescence and middle adolescence, some studies apply napping designs in preschoolers. Studies overall conclude that without proper sleep a child's cognitive abilities suffer, but questions on how and to what extent linger. Observational studies show the hazards of potential confounders such as an individual's resilience to poor sleep as well as developmental risk factors (eg, disorders, stressors). A better understanding of cognitive sleep neuroscience may have a big impact on pediatric sleep research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Spruyt
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM - NeuroDiderot, Paris, France.
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Satchell M, Fry B, Noureddine Z, Simmons A, Ognjanovski NN, Aton SJ, Zochowski MR. Neuromodulation via muscarinic acetylcholine pathway can facilitate distinct, complementary, and sequential roles for NREM and REM states during sleep-dependent memory consolidation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.19.541465. [PMID: 38293183 PMCID: PMC10827095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Across vertebrate species, sleep consists of repeating cycles of NREM followed by REM. However, the respective functions of NREM, REM, and their stereotypic cycling pattern are not well understood. Using a simplified biophysical network model, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential and critical roles in memory consolidation primarily regulated, based on state-specific changes in cholinergic signaling. Within this network, decreasing and increasing muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) signaling during bouts of NREM and REM, respectively, differentially alters neuronal excitability and excitatory/inhibitory balance. During NREM, deactivation of inhibitory neurons leads to network-wide disinhibition and bursts of synchronized activity led by firing in engram neurons. These features strengthen connections from the original engram neurons to less-active network neurons. In contrast, during REM, an increase in network inhibition suppresses firing in all but the most-active excitatory neurons, leading to competitive strengthening/pruning of the memory trace. We tested the predictions of the model against in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus during active sleep-dependent memory storage. Consistent with modeling results, we find that functional connectivity between CA1 neurons changes differentially at transition from NREM to REM sleep during learning. Returning to the model, we find that an iterative sequence of state-specific activations during NREM/REM cycling is essential for memory storage in the network, serving a critical role during simultaneous consolidation of multiple memories. Together these results provide a testable mechanistic hypothesis for the respective roles of NREM and REM sleep, and their universal relative timing, in memory consolidation. Significance statement Using a simplified computational model and in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential roles in memory consolidation. The specific neurophysiological features of the two sleep states allow for expansion of memory traces (during NREM) and prevention of overlap between different memory traces (during REM). These features are likely essential in the context of storing more than one new memory simultaneously within a brain network.
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Horváth C, Ulbert I, Fiáth R. Propagating population activity patterns during spontaneous slow waves in the thalamus of rodents. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120484. [PMID: 38061688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Slow waves (SWs) represent the most prominent electrophysiological events in the thalamocortical system under anesthesia and during deep sleep. Recent studies have revealed that SWs have complex spatiotemporal dynamics and propagate across neocortical regions. However, it is still unclear whether neuronal activity in the thalamus exhibits similar propagation properties during SWs. Here, we report propagating population activity in the thalamus of ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized rats and mice visualized by high-density silicon probe recordings. In both rodent species, propagation of spontaneous thalamic activity during up-states was most frequently observed in dorsal thalamic nuclei such as the higher order posterior (Po), lateral posterior (LP) or laterodorsal (LD) nuclei. The preferred direction of thalamic activity spreading was along the dorsoventral axis, with over half of the up-states exhibiting a gradual propagation in the ventral-to-dorsal direction. Furthermore, simultaneous neocortical and thalamic recordings collected under anesthesia demonstrated that there is a weak but noticeable interrelation between propagation patterns observed during cortical up-states and those displayed by thalamic population activity. In addition, using chronically implanted silicon probes, we detected propagating activity patterns in the thalamus of naturally sleeping rats during slow-wave sleep. However, in comparison to propagating up-states observed under anesthesia, these propagating patterns were characterized by a reduced rate of occurrence and a faster propagation speed. Our findings suggest that the propagation of spontaneous population activity is an intrinsic property of the thalamocortical network during synchronized brain states such as deep sleep or anesthesia. Additionally, our data implies that the neocortex may have partial control over the formation of propagation patterns within the dorsal thalamus under anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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Simpson BK, Rangwani R, Abbasi A, Chung JM, Reed CM, Gulati T. Disturbed laterality of non-rapid eye movement sleep oscillations in post-stroke human sleep: a pilot study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1243575. [PMID: 38099067 PMCID: PMC10719949 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1243575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is known to promote recovery post-stroke. However, there is a paucity of data profiling sleep oscillations in the post-stroke human brain. Recent rodent work showed that resurgence of physiologic spindles coupled to sleep slow oscillations (SOs) and concomitant decrease in pathological delta (δ) waves is associated with sustained motor performance gains during stroke recovery. The goal of this study was to evaluate bilaterality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep-oscillations (namely SOs, δ-waves, spindles, and their nesting) in post-stroke patients vs. healthy control subjects. We analyzed NREM-marked electroencephalography (EEG) data in hospitalized stroke-patients (n = 5) and healthy subjects (n = 3). We used a laterality index to evaluate symmetry of NREM oscillations across hemispheres. We found that stroke subjects had pronounced asymmetry in the oscillations, with a predominance of SOs, δ-waves, spindles, and nested spindles in affected hemisphere, when compared to the healthy subjects. Recent preclinical work classified SO-nested spindles as restorative post-stroke and δ-wave-nested spindles as pathological. We found that the ratio of SO-nested spindles laterality index to δ-wave-nested spindles laterality index was lower in stroke subjects. Using linear mixed models (which included random effects of concurrent pharmacologic drugs), we found large and medium effect size for δ-wave nested spindle and SO-nested spindle, respectively. Our results in this pilot study indicate that considering laterality index of NREM oscillations might be a useful metric for assessing recovery post-stroke and that factoring in pharmacologic drugs may be important when targeting sleep modulation for neurorehabilitation post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Simpson
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rohit Rangwani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aamir Abbasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Chung
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chrystal M. Reed
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanuj Gulati
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Sharman R, Kyle SD, Espie CA, Tamm S. Associations between self-reported sleep, overnight memory consolidation, and emotion perception: A large-scale online study in the general population. J Sleep Res 2023:e14094. [PMID: 38009410 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest that short or disrupted sleep impairs memory consolidation, mood, and perception of emotional stimuli. However, studies have chiefly relied on laboratory-based study designs and small sample sizes. The aim of this fully online and pre-registered study was to investigate the association between sleep and overnight memory consolidation, emotion perception, and affect in a large, self-selected UK sample. A total of 1646 participants (473 completed) took part in an online study, where they completed a declarative (word-pairs) memory task, emotion perception task (valence ratings of images), and rated their affect within 2 h of bed-time. The following morning, participants reported on their state affect, sleep for the previous night, completed a cued recall task for the previously presented word-pairs, rated the valence of previously viewed images, and completed a surprise recognition task. Demographic data and habitual sleep quality and duration (sleep traits) were also recorded. Habitual sleep traits were associated with immediate recall for the word-pairs task, while self-reported sleep parameters for the specific night were not associated with overnight memory consolidation. Neither habitual sleep traits, nor nightly sleep parameters were associated with unpleasantness ratings to negative stimuli or overnight habituation. Habitual poor sleep was associated with less positive and more negative affect, and morning affect was predicted by the specific night's sleep. This study suggests that overnight emotional processing and declarative memory may not be associated with self-reported sleep across individuals. More work is needed to understand how findings from laboratory-based studies extrapolate to real-world samples and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sharman
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Tamm
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Simpson BK, Rangwani R, Abbasi A, Chung JM, Reed CM, Gulati T. Disturbed laterality of non-rapid eye movement sleep oscillations in post-stroke human sleep: a pilot study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.01.23289359. [PMID: 37205348 PMCID: PMC10187327 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.23289359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is known to promote recovery post-stroke. However, there is a paucity of data profiling sleep oscillations post-stroke in the human brain. Recent rodent work showed that resurgence of physiologic spindles coupled to sleep slow oscillations(SOs) and concomitant decrease in pathological delta(δ) waves is associated with sustained motor performance gains during stroke recovery. The goal of this study was to evaluate bilaterality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep-oscillations (namely SOs, δ-waves, spindles and their nesting) in post-stroke patients versus healthy control subjects. We analyzed NREM-marked electroencephalography (EEG) data in hospitalized stroke-patients (n=5) and healthy subjects (n=3) from an open-sourced dataset. We used a laterality index to evaluate symmetry of NREM oscillations across hemispheres. We found that stroke subjects had pronounced asymmetry in the oscillations, with a predominance of SOs, δ-waves, spindles and nested spindles in one hemisphere, when compared to the healthy subjects. Recent preclinical work classified SO-nested spindles as restorative post-stroke and δ-wave-nested spindles as pathological. We found that the ratio of SO-nested spindles laterality index to δ-wave-nested spindles laterality index was lower in stroke subjects. Using linear mixed models (which included random effects of concurrent pharmacologic drugs), we found large and medium effect size for δ-wave nested spindle and SO-nested spindle, respectively. Our results indicate considering laterality index of NREM oscillations might be a useful metric for assessing recovery post-stroke and that factoring in pharmacologic drugs may be important when targeting sleep modulation for neurorehabilitation post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Rangwani
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aamir Abbasi
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey M Chung
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chrystal M Reed
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tanuj Gulati
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Petit D, Touchette E, Pennestri MH, Paquet J, Côté S, Tremblay RE, Boivin M, Montplaisir JY. Nocturnal sleep duration trajectories in early childhood and school performance at age 10 years. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13893. [PMID: 36973015 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Sleep plays a fundamental role in brain development and resultant functions. The aim was to verify whether nocturnal sleep duration during early childhood has long-term associations with academic achievement at age 10 years. The present study is part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a representative cohort of infants born in 1997-1998 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Children with known neurological conditions were excluded from this cohort. Four trajectories of parent-reported nocturnal sleep duration at ages 2.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were determined using a SAS procedure named PROC TRAJ. Sleep duration at age 10 years was also reported. Teachers provided data on academic performance when the children were age 10 years. These data were available for 910 children (430 boys, 480 girls; 96.6% Caucasians). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed using SPSS. Children who slept less than 8 hr per night at 2.5 years but normalized later on (Traj1) had three-five times the odds of having grades below the class average in reading, writing, mathematics and science compared with children who slept sufficiently (Traj3-4: 10-11 hr per night). Children who slept about 9 hr per night throughout childhood (Traj2) had two-three times the odds of being below the class average in mathematics and science. Sleep duration at age 10 years was not correlated with the academic performance. These results point to the presence of a very important early period during which sufficient sleep is needed to fine-tune the functions necessary for academic achievement later on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Petit
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evelyne Touchette
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Pennestri
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Paquet
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hamel A, Mary A, Rauchs G. Sleep and memory consolidation in aging: A neuroimaging perspective. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:658-666. [PMID: 37586942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently acquired information is strengthened and consolidated during sleep. For hippocampus-dependent memory, this process is assumed to occur mainly during slow wave sleep. Changes in sleep patterns in older adults can contribute to the disruption of the consolidation process during sleep and thus lead to cognitive impairment. Current findings suggest that reduced gray matter volume, particularly in frontal areas, Aβ and tau accumulation in combination with age-related changes of specific oscillations during sleep may contribute to memory deficits. This non-exhaustive review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the associations between sleep changes and memory consolidation in aging, mainly based on neuroimaging studies. Overall, data confirm the utmost importance of sleep for healthy aging and the need to develop interventions aiming at improving sleep to reduce cognitive decline observed with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Inserm, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Neuropresage Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France; UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Mary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Rauchs
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Inserm, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Neuropresage Team, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France.
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13
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De Alcubierre D, Ferrari D, Mauro G, Isidori AM, Tomlinson JW, Pofi R. Glucocorticoids and cognitive function: a walkthrough in endogenous and exogenous alterations. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:1961-1982. [PMID: 37058223 PMCID: PMC10514174 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis exerts many actions on the central nervous system (CNS) aside from stress regulation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in affecting several cognitive functions through the effects on both glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR). In this review, we aim to unravel the spectrum of cognitive dysfunction secondary to derangement of circulating levels of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids. METHODS All relevant human prospective and retrospective studies published up to 2022 in PubMed reporting information on HPA disorders, GCs, and cognition were included. RESULTS Cognitive impairment is commonly found in GC-related disorders. The main brain areas affected are the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex, with memory being the most affected domain. Disease duration, circadian rhythm disruption, circulating GCs levels, and unbalanced MR/GR activation are all risk factors for cognitive decline in these patients, albeit with conflicting data among different conditions. Lack of normalization of cognitive dysfunction after treatment is potentially attributable to GC-dependent structural brain alterations, which can persist even after long-term remission. CONCLUSION The recognition of cognitive deficits in patients with GC-related disorders is challenging, often delayed, or mistaken. Prompt recognition and treatment of underlying disease may be important to avoid a long-lasting impact on GC-sensitive areas of the brain. However, the resolution of hormonal imbalance is not always followed by complete recovery, suggesting irreversible adverse effects on the CNS, for which there are no specific treatments. Further studies are needed to find the mechanisms involved, which may eventually be targeted for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Alcubierre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Ferrari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Mauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - J W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - R Pofi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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14
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Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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15
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Park S, Zhunis A, Constantinides M, Aiello LM, Quercia D, Cha M. Social dimensions impact individual sleep quantity and quality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9681. [PMID: 37322226 PMCID: PMC10272146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While sleep positively impacts well-being, health, and productivity, the effects of societal factors on sleep remain underexplored. Here we analyze the sleep of 30,082 individuals across 11 countries using 52 million activity records from wearable devices. Our data are consistent with past studies of gender and age-associated sleep characteristics. However, our analysis of wearable device data uncovers differences in recorded vs. self-reported bedtime and sleep duration. The dataset allowed us to study how country-specific metrics such as GDP and cultural indices relate to sleep in groups and individuals. Our analysis indicates that diverse sleep metrics can be represented by two dimensions: sleep quantity and quality. We find that 55% of the variation in sleep quality, and 63% in sleep quantity, are explained by societal factors. Within a societal boundary, individual sleep experience was modified by factors like exercise. Increased exercise or daily steps were associated with better sleep quality (for example, faster sleep onset and less time awake in bed), especially in countries like the U.S. and Finland. Understanding how social norms relate to sleep will help create strategies and policies that enhance the positive impacts of sleep on health, such as productivity and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkyu Park
- Department of AI Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Data Science Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Assem Zhunis
- Data Science Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Luca Maria Aiello
- IT University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Pioneer Centre for AI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniele Quercia
- Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
- Centre for Urban Science and Progress, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Meeyoung Cha
- Data Science Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
- School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Tagliabue CF, Varesio G, Assecondi S, Vescovi M, Mazza V. Age-related effects on online and offline learning in visuo-spatial working memory. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:486-503. [PMID: 35313784 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2054926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Learning results from online (within-session) and offline (between-sessions) changes. Heterogeneity of age-related effects in learning may be ascribed to aging differentially affecting these two processes. We investigated the contribution of online and offline consolidation in visuo-spatial working memory (vWM). Younger and older participants performed a vWM task on day one and after nine days, allowing us to disentangle online and offline learning effects. To test whether offline consolidation needs continuous practice, two additional groups of younger and older adults performed the same vWM task in between the two assessments. Similarly to other cognitive domains, older adults improved vWM through online (during session one) but not through offline learning. Practice was necessary to improve vWM between sessions in older participants. Younger adults instead exhibited only offline improvement, regardless of practice. The findings suggest that while online learning remains efficient in aging, practice is instead required to support more fragile offline mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Varesio
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (Cimec), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Sara Assecondi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (Cimec), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Massimo Vescovi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (Cimec), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Veronica Mazza
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (Cimec), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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17
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Cohen H, Ephraim‐Oluwanuga OT, Akintunde OT, Gureje O, Matar MA, Todder D, Zohar J. The potential beneficial effect of sleep deprivation following traumatic events to preventing PTSD: Review of current insight regarding sleep, memory, and trauma resonating with ancient rituals-Àìsùn Oku (African) and Tsuya (Japanese). Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:2-11. [PMID: 36622038 PMCID: PMC10009425 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep figures in numerous ancient texts, for example, Epic of Gilgamesh, and has been a focus for countless mystical and philosophical texts. Even in the present century, sleep remains one of the most complex behaviors whose function still remains to be further explored. Current hypotheses suggest that among other functions, sleep contributes to memory processes. Memory is a core topic of study in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related phenomena. It is widely accepted that sleep plays a major role in the consolidation of newly encoded hippocampus-dependent memories to pre-existing knowledge networks. Conversely, sleep deprivation disrupts consolidation and impairs memory retrieval. Along this line, sleep deprivation following a potentially traumatic event may interfere with the consolidation of event-related memories and, thereby, may reduce long-term post-traumatic stress-related symptoms. This review consolidates clinical and animal studies on the relationships between sleep, sleep deprivation, memory processes, and trauma exposure while introducing new contemporary insights into an ancient African tribal ritual (Àìsùn Oku) and Japanese ceremony ritual (Tsuya). We propose that these findings, focusing specifically on the effects of sleep deprivation in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events, may be explored as a possible therapeutic measure. Along with a summary of the field questions on whether sleep is performed "to remember" or "to forget" we lay the rationale for using sleep deprivation as a clinical tool. A tool that may partially prevent the long-term persistence of these traumatic events' memory and thereby, at least partly, attenuating the development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Orunmuyi T. Akintunde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Health Sciences University of AbujaAbujaNigeria
| | - Michael A. Matar
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Doron Todder
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post‐Trauma Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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18
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Kim J, Joshi A, Frank L, Ganguly K. Cortical-hippocampal coupling during manifold exploration in motor cortex. Nature 2023; 613:103-110. [PMID: 36517602 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systems consolidation-a process for long-term memory stabilization-has been hypothesized to occur in two stages1-4. Whereas new memories require the hippocampus5-9, they become integrated into cortical networks over time10-12, making them independent of the hippocampus. How hippocampal-cortical dialogue precisely evolves during this and how cortical representations change in concert is unknown. Here, we use a skill learning task13,14 to monitor the dynamics of cross-area coupling during non-rapid eye movement sleep along with changes in primary motor cortex (M1) representational stability. Our results indicate that precise cross-area coupling between hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and M1 can demarcate two distinct stages of processing. We specifically find that each animal demonstrates a sharp increase in prefrontal cortex and M1 sleep slow oscillation coupling with stabilization of performance. This sharp increase then predicts a drop in hippocampal sharp-wave ripple (SWR)-M1 slow oscillation coupling-suggesting feedback to inform hippocampal disengagement and transition to a second stage. Notably, the first stage shows significant increases in hippocampal SWR-M1 slow oscillation coupling in the post-training sleep and is closely associated with rapid learning and variability of the M1 low-dimensional manifold. Strikingly, even after consolidation, inducing new manifold exploration by changing task parameters re-engages hippocampal-M1 coupling. We thus find evidence for dynamic hippocampal-cortical dialogue associated with manifold exploration during learning and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyung Kim
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abhilasha Joshi
- HHMI and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loren Frank
- HHMI and Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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Mushtaq M, Marshall L, Bazhenov M, Mölle M, Martinetz T. Differential thalamocortical interactions in slow and fast spindle generation: A computational model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277772. [PMID: 36508417 PMCID: PMC9744318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamocortical sleep spindles are two prominent EEG rhythms of slow wave sleep. These EEG rhythms play an essential role in memory consolidation. In humans, sleep spindles are categorized into slow spindles (8-12 Hz) and fast spindles (12-16 Hz), with different properties. Slow spindles that couple with the up-to-down phase of the SO require more experimental and computational investigation to disclose their origin, functional relevance and most importantly their relation with SOs regarding memory consolidation. To examine slow spindles, we propose a biophysical thalamocortical model with two independent thalamic networks (one for slow and the other for fast spindles). Our modeling results show that fast spindles lead to faster cortical cell firing, and subsequently increase the amplitude of the cortical local field potential (LFP) during the SO down-to-up phase. Slow spindles also facilitate cortical cell firing, but the response is slower, thereby increasing the cortical LFP amplitude later, at the SO up-to-down phase of the SO cycle. Neither the SO rhythm nor the duration of the SO down state is affected by slow spindle activity. Furthermore, at a more hyperpolarized membrane potential level of fast thalamic subnetwork cells, the activity of fast spindles decreases, while the slow spindles activity increases. Together, our model results suggest that slow spindles may facilitate the initiation of the following SO cycle, without however affecting expression of the SO Up and Down states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Lübeck, Germany
- University Clinic Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias Mölle
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Martinetz
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Qin H, Fu L, Jian T, Jin W, Liang M, Li J, Chen Q, Yang X, Du H, Liao X, Zhang K, Wang R, Liang S, Yao J, Hu B, Ren S, Zhang C, Wang Y, Hu Z, Jia H, Konnerth A, Chen X. REM sleep-active hypothalamic neurons may contribute to hippocampal social-memory consolidation. Neuron 2022; 110:4000-4014.e6. [PMID: 36272414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal CA2 region plays a key role in social memory. The encoding of such memory involves afferent activity from the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) to CA2. However, the neuronal circuits required for consolidation of freshly encoded social memory remain unknown. Here, we used circuit-specific optical and single-cell electrophysiological recordings in mice to explore the role of sleep in social memory consolidation and its underlying circuit mechanism. We found that SuM neurons projecting to CA2 were highly active during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep but not during non-REM sleep or quiet wakefulness. REM-sleep-selective optogenetic silencing of these neurons impaired social memory. By contrast, the silencing of another group of REM sleep-active SuM neurons that projects to the dentate gyrus had no effect on social memory. Therefore, we provide causal evidence that the REM sleep-active hypothalamic neurons that project to CA2 are specifically required for the consolidation of social memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengru Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Haoran Du
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuancheng Ren
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhian Hu
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
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21
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Season is related to the slow wave and sigma activity of infants and toddlers. Sleep Med 2022; 100:364-377. [PMID: 36201888 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Slow wave activity (SWA) and sigma frequency activity (SFA) are hallmarks of NREM sleep EEG and important indicators of neural plasticity, development of the central nervous system, and cognition. However, little is known about the factors that modulate these sleep EEG activities, especially in small children. PATIENTS/METHODS We analyzed the power spectral densities of SWA (1-4 Hz) and SFA range (10-15 Hz) from six EEG derivations of 56 infants (8 months) and 60 toddlers (24 months) during their all-night sleep and during the first and the last half of night sleep. The spectral values were compared between the four seasons. RESULTS In the spring group of infants, compared with the darker seasons, SFA was lower in the centro-occipital EEG derivations during both halves of the night. The SWA findings of the infants were restricted to the last half of the night (SWA2) and frontally, where SWA2 was higher during winter than spring. The toddlers presented less frontal SWA2 during winter compared with autumn. Both age groups showed a reduction in both SWA and SFA towards the last half of the night. CONCLUSIONS The sleep EEG spectral power densities are more often associated with seasons in infants' SFA range. The results might stem from seasonally changing light exposure, but the exact mechanism warrants further study. Moreover, contrary to the adult-like increment of SFA, the SFA at both ages was lower at the last part of the night sleep. This suggests different regulation of spindle activity in infants and toddlers.
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22
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Robbins R, Beebe DW, Byars KC, Grandner M, Hale L, Tapia IE, Wolfson AR, Owens JA. Adolescent sleep myths: Identifying false beliefs that impact adolescent sleep and well-being. Sleep Health 2022; 8:632-639. [PMID: 36180345 PMCID: PMC9772111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Commonly held beliefs about sleep unsupported by scientific evidence (ie, myths) among adolescents and their parents/caregivers may adversely influence sleep-related attitudes and behaviors among adolescents. Thus, identifying such myths with the goal of developing effective evidence-based counter-messages has the potential to improve sleep health in adolescents. METHOD We identified myths with a panel of adolescent sleep health experts (n = 12) using the Delphi method in three sequential steps: (1) focus groups; (2) online discussion; and (3) closed-ended questionnaires with which the experts rated myths on: (1) falseness and (2) public health significance using 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (not at all false/important for public health) to 5 (extremely false/important for public health). Next, we explored the prevalence of the myths among a demographically diverse sample of parents/caregivers of adolescents in the United States. Finally, we report the counterevidence to refute each myth. RESULTS Ten myths about adolescent sleep were identified by the experts using the Delphi method. The most prevalent myths were the beliefs that (1) "Going to bed and waking up late on the weekends is no big deal for adolescents, as long as they get enough sleep during that time," reported by 74% of parents/caregivers; (2) "If school starts later, adolescents will stay up that much later," reported by 69% of parents/caregivers; and (3) "Melatonin supplements are safe for adolescents because they are natural," reported by 66% of parents/caregivers. CONCLUSION Parents/caregivers have the potential to serve as sleep health advocates for their adolescent and support their adolescent's sleep health behaviors. Our study found that many parents/caregivers endorse myths about adolescent sleep that may hinder their ability to support their adolescent's sleep health. Future research may explore methods for promoting evidence-based beliefs about adolescent sleep among parents/caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly C Byars
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio E Tapia
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith A Owens
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Temperature-robust rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep in the lizard Laudakia vulgaris. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1310. [PMID: 36446903 PMCID: PMC9709036 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During sleep our brain switches between two starkly different brain states - slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. While this two-state sleep pattern is abundant across birds and mammals, its existence in other vertebrates is not universally accepted, its evolutionary emergence is unclear and it is undetermined whether it is a fundamental property of vertebrate brains or an adaptation specific to homeotherms. To address these questions, we conducted electrophysiological recordings in the Agamid lizard, Laudakia vulgaris during sleep. We found clear signatures of two-state sleep that resemble the mammalian and avian sleep patterns. These states switched periodically throughout the night with a cycle of ~90 seconds and were remarkably similar to the states previously reported in Pogona vitticeps. Interestingly, in contrast to the high temperature sensitivity of mammalian states, state switches were robust to large variations in temperature. We also found that breathing rate, micro-movements and eye movements were locked to the REM state as they are in mammals. Collectively, these findings suggest that two-state sleep is abundant across the agamid family, shares physiological similarity to mammalian sleep, and can be maintain in poikilothems, increasing the probability that it existed in the cold-blooded ancestor of amniotes.
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24
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Mutlu-Burnaz O, Yulug B, Oncul M, Celik E, Atasoy NS, Cankaya S, Hanoglu L, Velioglu HA. Chemogenetic inhibition of MCH neurons does not alter memory performance in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Wołyńczyk-Gmaj D, Majewska A, Bramorska A, Różańska-Walędziak A, Ziemka S, Brzezicka A, Gmaj B, Czajkowski K, Wojnar M. Cognitive Function Decline in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy Is Associated with Sleep Fragmentation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195607. [PMID: 36233473 PMCID: PMC9573284 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During late pregnancy, sleep deterioration is regularly observed. In concert with these observations, in previous studies by other researchers, a slight objective cognitive decline in pregnant women has been found. Sleep is essential for memory consolidation. The hypothesis of the study was that cognitive impairment could be related to sleep deterioration during pregnancy. The study included 19 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy (28−40 weeks, median 33 weeks (IQR 32−37)) recruited at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Warsaw, and 20 non-pregnant women as controls. The assessment was performed using the vocabulary subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), D2 Test of Attention, OSPAN task (Operational Span Task) to assess cognitive performance, actigraphy to examine sleep parameters, and a set of self-report instruments: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress (FIRST), Regenstein Hyperarousal Scale (HS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Although there were no differences between the groups in WAIS (p = 0.18), pregnant women had worse scores in working memory capacity (overall number of remembered letters: p = 0.012, WM span index: p = 0.004) and a significantly lower score in attention (p = 0.03). Pregnant women also had lower sleep efficiency (p = 0.001), more awakenings from sleep (p = 0.001), longer average awakenings (p < 0.0001), longer wake after sleep onset (WASO, p < 0.0001), and longer total time in bed (p < 0.0001). In psychological assessment, pregnant women had only a higher FIRST score (p = 0.02). Using mediation analysis, we found that frequent awakening might be the major factor contributing to deterioration in working memory performance, explaining almost 40% of the total effect. In conclusion, sleep fragmentation in the third trimester of pregnancy may impair working memory consolidation. Pregnant women often complain about poor daily performance as well as non-restorative sleep. In this study, we showed that there is a relationship between lower sleep quality in pregnancy and worse cognitive functioning. We can expect a cognitive decline in women with sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the treatment of sleep disorders in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wołyńczyk-Gmaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Majewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bramorska
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Różańska-Walędziak
- Department of Human Physiology and Patophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Simon Ziemka
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Brzezicka
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gmaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Afferni P, Cascino-Milani F, Mattera A, Baldassarre G. A neuro-inspired computational model of life-long learning and catastrophic interference, mimicking hippocampus novelty-based dopamine modulation and lateral inhibitory plasticity. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:954847. [PMID: 36157843 PMCID: PMC9500484 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.954847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain has a remarkable lifelong learning capability to acquire new experiences while retaining previously acquired information. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this capability, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we propose a neuro-inspired firing-rate computational model involving the hippocampus and surrounding areas, that encompasses two key mechanisms possibly underlying this capability. The first is based on signals encoded by the neuromodulator dopamine, which is released by novel stimuli and enhances plasticity only when needed. The second is based on a homeostatic plasticity mechanism that involves the lateral inhibitory connections of the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. These mechanisms tend to protect neurons that have already been heavily employed in encoding previous experiences. The model was tested with images from the MNIST machine learning dataset, and with more naturalistic images, for its ability to mitigate catastrophic interference in lifelong learning. The results show that the proposed biologically grounded mechanisms can effectively enhance the learning of new stimuli while protecting previously acquired knowledge. The proposed mechanisms could be investigated in future empirical animal experiments and inspire machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Afferni
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pierangelo Afferni
| | - Federico Cascino-Milani
- Department of Genetics and Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mattera
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldassarre
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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27
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DiCola NM, Lacy AL, Bishr OJ, Kimsey KM, Whitney JL, Lovett SD, Burke SN, Maurer AP. Advanced age has dissociable effects on hippocampal CA1 ripples and CA3 high frequency events in male rats. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 117:44-58. [PMID: 35665647 PMCID: PMC9392897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sharp wave/ripples/high frequency events (HFEs) are transient bursts of depolarization in hippocampal subregions CA3 and CA1 that occur during rest and pauses in behavior. Previous studies have reported that CA1 ripples in aged rats have lower frequency than those detected in young animals. While CA1 ripples are thought to be driven by CA3, HFEs in CA3 have not been examined in aged animals. The current study obtained simultaneous recordings from CA1 and CA3 in young and aged rats to examine sharp wave/ripples/HFEs in relation to age. While CA1 ripple frequency was reduced with age, there were no age differences in the frequency of CA3 HFEs, although power and length were lower in old animals. While there was a proportion of CA1 ripples that co-occurred with a CA3 HFE, none of the age-related differences in CA1 ripples could be explained by alterations in CA3 HFE characteristics. These findings suggest that age differences in CA1 are not due to altered CA3 activity, but instead reflect distinct mechanisms of ripple generation with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. DiCola
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexa L. Lacy
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Omar J. Bishr
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Kimsey
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jenna L. Whitney
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah D. Lovett
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara N. Burke
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Corresponding author at: University of Florida, Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, P.O. Box 100244, 1149 Newell Dr, RM L1-100G, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. (S.N. Burke)
| | - Andrew P. Maurer
- Evelyn F. McKnight McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Corresponding author at: McKnight Brain Institute, 1149 Newell Dr, RM L1-100E, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. (A.P. Maurer)
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28
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Veldman MP, Dolfen N, Gann MA, Van Roy A, Peeters R, King BR, Albouy G. Somatosensory targeted memory reactivation enhances motor performance via hippocampal-mediated plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3734-3749. [PMID: 35972408 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that reactivation of newly acquired memory traces during postlearning wakefulness plays an important role in memory consolidation. Here, we sought to boost the reactivation of a motor memory trace during postlearning wakefulness (quiet rest) immediately following learning using somatosensory targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of the reactivation process as well as the effect of the TMR intervention on brain responses elicited by task practice on 24 healthy young adults. Behavioral data of the post-TMR retest session showed a faster learning rate for the motor sequence that was reactivated as compared to the not-reactivated sequence. Brain imaging data revealed that motor, parietal, frontal, and cerebellar brain regions, which were recruited during initial motor learning, were specifically reactivated during the TMR episode and that hippocampo-frontal connectivity was modulated by the reactivation process. Importantly, the TMR-induced behavioral advantage was paralleled by dynamical changes in hippocampal activity and hippocampo-motor connectivity during task practice. Altogether, the present results suggest that somatosensory TMR during postlearning quiet rest can enhance motor performance via the modulation of hippocampo-cortical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno P Veldman
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Nina Dolfen
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Mareike A Gann
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Roy
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Ronald Peeters
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bradley R King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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29
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Abstract
Spontaneous synchronization over large networks is ubiquitous in nature, ranging from inanimate to biological systems. In the human brain, neuronal synchronization and de-synchronization occur during sleep, with the greatest degree of neuronal synchronization during slow wave sleep (SWS). The current sleep classification schema is based on electroencephalography and provides common criteria for clinicians and researchers to describe stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These sleep stage classifications have been based on convenient heuristic criteria, with little consideration of the accompanying normal physiological changes across those same sleep stages. To begin to resolve those inconsistencies, first focusing only on NREM sleep, we propose a simple cluster synchronization model to explain the emergence of SWS in healthy people without sleep disorders. We apply the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis to quantify slow wave activity in electroencephalograms, and provide quantitative evidence to support our model. Based on this synchronization model, NREM sleep can be classified as SWS and non-SWS, such that NREM sleep can be considered as an intrinsically bistable process. Finally, we develop an automated algorithm for SWS classification. We show that this new approach can unify brain wave dynamics and their corresponding physiologic changes.
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30
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Pereira SIR, Tsimpanouli ME, Hutchison I, Schneider J, Anderson IM, McFarquhar M, Elliott R, Lewis PA. Cueing emotional memories during slow wave sleep modulates next-day activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119120. [PMID: 35331867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional memories are preferentially consolidated during sleep, through the process of memory reactivation. Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) has been shown to boost memory consolidation during sleep, but its neural correlates remain unclear, particularly for emotional memories. Here, we aimed to examine how TMR of emotional material during slow wave sleep (SWS) impacts upon neural processing during a subsequent arousal rating task. Participants were trained on a spatial memory task including negative and neutral pictures paired with semantically matching sounds. The picture-sound pairs were rated for emotional arousal before and after the spatial memory task. Then, half of the sounds from each emotional category (negative and neutral) were cued during SWS. The next day, participants were retested on both the arousal rating and the spatial memory task inside an MRI scanner, followed by another retest session a week later. Memory consolidation and arousal processing did not differ between cued and non-cued items of either emotional category. We found increased responses to emotional stimuli in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and a cueing versus emotion interaction in the OFC, whereby cueing neutral stimuli led to an increase in OFC activity, while cueing negative stimuli led to decreased OFC activation. Interestingly, the effect of cueing on amygdala activation was modulated by time spent in REM sleep. We conclude that SWS TMR impacts OFC activity, while REM sleep plays a role in mediating the effect of such cueing on amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Hutchison
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jules Schneider
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ian M Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Martyn McFarquhar
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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31
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Koroma M, Elbaz M, Léger D, Kouider S. Learning New Vocabulary Implicitly During Sleep Transfers With Cross-Modal Generalization Into Wakefulness. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:801666. [PMID: 35356055 PMCID: PMC8959773 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.801666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New information can be learned during sleep but the extent to which we can access this knowledge after awakening is far less understood. Using a novel Associative Transfer Learning paradigm, we show that, after hearing unknown Japanese words with sounds referring to their meaning during sleep, participants could identify the images depicting the meaning of newly acquired Japanese words after awakening (N = 22). Moreover, we demonstrate that this cross-modal generalization is implicit, meaning that participants remain unaware of this knowledge. Using electroencephalography, we further show that frontal slow-wave responses to auditory stimuli during sleep predicted memory performance after awakening. This neural signature of memory formation gradually emerged over the course of the sleep phase, highlighting the dynamics of associative learning during sleep. This study provides novel evidence that the formation of new associative memories can be traced back to the dynamics of slow-wave responses to stimuli during sleep and that their implicit transfer into wakefulness can be generalized across sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Koroma
- Brain and Consciousness Group (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- École Doctorale Cerveau Cognition Comportement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Elbaz
- Université de Paris, APHP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Damien Léger
- Université de Paris, APHP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Sid Kouider
- Brain and Consciousness Group (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
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32
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Kim J, Guo L, Hishinuma A, Lemke S, Ramanathan DS, Won SJ, Ganguly K. Recovery of consolidation after sleep following stroke-interaction of slow waves, spindles, and GABA. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110426. [PMID: 35235787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is known to promote recovery after stroke. Yet it remains unclear how stroke affects neural processing during sleep. Using an experimental stroke model in rats along with electrophysiological monitoring of neural firing and sleep microarchitecture, here we show that sleep processing is altered by stroke. We find that the precise coupling of spindles to global slow oscillations (SOs), a phenomenon that is known to be important for memory consolidation, is disrupted by a pathological increase in "isolated" local delta waves. The transition from this pathological to a physiological state-with increased spindle coupling to SO-is associated with sustained performance gains during recovery. Interestingly, post-injury sleep could be pushed toward a physiological state via a pharmacological reduction of tonic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Together, our results suggest that sleep processing after stroke is impaired due to an increase in delta waves and that its restoration can be important for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyung Kim
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - April Hishinuma
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stefan Lemke
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dhakshin S Ramanathan
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Seok Joon Won
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Neurology and Rehabilitation Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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33
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DiNuzzo M, Mangia S, Giove F. Manipulations of sleep‐like slow‐wave activity by noninvasive brain stimulation. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1218-1225. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- Magnetic Resonance for Brain Investigation Laboratory Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Federico Giove
- Magnetic Resonance for Brain Investigation Laboratory Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi Rome Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysics and Neuroimaging Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS Rome Italy
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34
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Rakowska M, Abdellahi MEA, Bagrowska P, Navarrete M, Lewis PA. Long term effects of cueing procedural memory reactivation during NREM sleep. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118573. [PMID: 34537384 PMCID: PMC8591408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single night of TMR benefits procedural memories up to 10 days later. Spindle density and SO-spindle coupling strength increase immediately upon cue onset. Time spent in N2 but not N3 predicts cueing benefit.
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) has recently emerged as a promising tool to manipulate and study the sleeping brain. Although the technique is developing rapidly, only a few studies have examined how the effects of TMR develop over time. Here, we use a bimanual serial reaction time task (SRTT) to investigate whether the difference between the cued and un-cued sequence of button presses persists long-term. We further explore the relationship between the TMR benefit and sleep spindles, as well as their coupling with slow oscillations. Our behavioural analysis shows better performance for the dominant hand. Importantly, there was a strong effect of TMR, with improved performance on the cued sequence after sleep. Closer examination revealed a significant benefit of TMR at 10 days post-encoding, but not 24 h or 6 weeks post-encoding. Time spent in stage 2, but not stage 3, of NREM sleep predicted cueing benefit. We also found a significant increase in spindle density and SO-spindle coupling during the cue period, when compared to the no-cue period. Together, our results demonstrate that TMR effects evolve over several weeks post-cueing, as well as emphasising the importance of stage 2, spindles and the SO-spindle coupling in procedural memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Rakowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Mahmoud E A Abdellahi
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Paulina Bagrowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Miguel Navarrete
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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35
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Axelsson EL, Swinton J, Jiang IY, Parker EV, Horst JS. Prior Exposure and Toddlers' Sleep-Related Memory for Novel Words. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101366. [PMID: 34679430 PMCID: PMC8534215 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Children can easily link a novel word to a novel, unnamed object—something referred to as fast mapping. Despite the ease and speed with which children do this, their memories for novel fast-mapped words can be poor unless they receive memory supports such as further exposure to the words or sleep. Axelsson, Swinton, Winiger, and Horst (2018) found that 2.5-year-old children who napped after fast mapping had better retention of novel words than children who did not nap. Retention declined for those who did not nap. The children received no memory supports and determined the word-object mappings independently. Previous studies report enhanced memories after sleeping in children and adults, but the napping children’s retention in the Axelsson et al. study remained steady across time. We report a follow-up investigation where memory supports are provided after fast mapping to test whether memories would be enhanced following napping. Children’s retention of novel words improved and remained greater than chance; however, there was no nap effect with no significant difference between the children who napped and those who did not. These findings suggest that when memory supports are provided, retention improves, and the word–object mappings remain stable over time. When memory traces are weak and labile, such as after fast mapping, without further memory supports, sleeping soon after helps stabilise and prevent decay of word–object mappings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Axelsson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Jaclyn Swinton
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Isabel Y Jiang
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Emma V Parker
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Jessica S Horst
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
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Scelles C, Bulnes LC. EMDR as Treatment Option for Conditions Other Than PTSD: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644369. [PMID: 34616328 PMCID: PMC8488430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The technique is known to facilitate reprocessing of maladaptive memories that are thought to be central to this pathology. Here we investigate if EMDR therapy can be used in other conditions. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. We searched for published empirical findings on EMDR, excluding those centred on trauma and PTSD, published up to 2020. The results were classified by psychiatric categories. Ninety articles met our research criteria. A positive effect was reported in numerous pathological situations, namely in addictions, somatoform disorders, sexual dysfunction, eating disorders, disorders of adult personality, mood disorders, reaction to severe stress, anxiety disorders, performance anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), pain, neurodegenerative disorders, mental disorders of childhood and adolescence, and sleep. Some studies reported that EMDR was successful in usually uncooperative (e.g., Dementia) or unproductive cases (e.g., aphasia). Moreover, in some severe medical conditions, when psychological distress was an obstacle, EMDR allowed the continuation of treatment-as-usual. Furthermore, the effects observed in non-pathological situations invite for translational research. Despite a generally positive outlook of EMDR as an alternative treatment option, more methodologically rigorous studies are needed. We discuss the advantages and limitations and possible implications for the hypothesised mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Scelles
- Adult Psychiatry Department, Université Catholique de Louvain – Saint Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- La Métairie Clinic, Nyon, Switzerland
- Adult Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Carlo Bulnes
- Brain, Body and Cognition Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Cleary AM, McNeely-White KL, Hausman H, Dawson J, Kuhn S, Osborn RM, Huebert AM, Rhodes MG. Wearable Technology for Automatizing Science-Based Study Strategies: Reinforcing Learning Through Intermittent Smartwatch Prompting. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sousouri G, Krugliakova E, Skorucak J, Leach S, Snipes S, Ferster ML, Da Poian G, Karlen W, Huber R. Neuromodulation by means of phase-locked auditory stimulation affects key marker of excitability and connectivity during sleep. Sleep 2021; 45:6347149. [PMID: 34373925 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The propagating pattern of sleep slow waves (high-amplitude oscillations < 4.5 Hz) serves as a blueprint of cortical excitability and brain connectivity. Phase-locked auditory stimulation is a promising tool for the modulation of ongoing brain activity during sleep; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, eighteen healthy young adults were measured with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) in three experimental conditions; one with no stimulation, one with up- and one with down-phase stimulation; ten participants were included in the analysis. We show that up-phase auditory stimulation on a right prefrontal area locally enhances cortical involvement and promotes traveling by increasing the propagating distance and duration of targeted small-amplitude waves. On the contrary, down-phase stimulation proves more efficient at perturbing large-amplitude waves and interferes with ongoing traveling by disengaging cortical regions and interrupting high synchronicity in the target area as indicated by increased traveling speed. These results point out to different underlying mechanisms mediating the effects of up- and down-phase stimulation and highlight the strength of traveling analysis as a sensitive and informative method for the study of connectivity and cortical excitability alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sousouri
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Krugliakova
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Skorucak
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Leach
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Laura Ferster
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Da Poian
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Karlen
- Mobile Health Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Centre and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ladenbauer J, Ladenbauer J, Külzow N, Flöel A. Memory-relevant nap sleep physiology in healthy and pathological aging. Sleep 2021; 44:6066546. [PMID: 33406266 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Aging is associated with detrimental changes in sleep physiology, a process accelerated in Alzheimer's disease. Fine-tuned temporal interactions of non-rapid eye movement slow oscillations and spindles were shown to be particularly important for memory consolidation, and to deteriorate in healthy older adults. Whether this oscillatory interaction further decline in early stages of Alzheimer's disease such as mild cognitive impairment has not been investigated to date, but may have important therapeutic implications. METHODS Here, we assessed differences in sleep architecture and memory-relevant slow oscillation, sleep spindles and their functional coupling during a 90-min nap between healthy young and older adults, and in older patients with mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, associations of nap-sleep characteristics with sleep-dependent memory performance change were evaluated. RESULTS We found significant differences between young and older healthy adults, and between young adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment, but not between healthy older adults and patients for several sleep metrics, including slow oscillation-spindle coupling. Moreover, sleep-dependent retention of verbal memories was significantly higher in young healthy adults versus older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment, but no difference between the two older groups was observed. Associations with sleep metrics were only found for pre-nap memory performances. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicate changes in nap sleep physiology and sleep-related memory consolidation in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. Thus, interventions targeted at improving sleep physiology may help to reduce memory decline in both groups, but our study does not indicate additional benefits for patients with mild cognitive impairment. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION Effects of Brain Stimulation During Daytime Nap on Memory Consolidation in Younger, Healthy Subjects: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01840865; NCT01840865. Effects of Brain Stimulation During a Daytime Nap on Memory Consolidation in Older Adults; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01840839?term=01840839&draw=2&rank=1; NCT01840839. Effects of Brain Stimulation During a Daytime Nap on Memory Consolidation in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01782365?term=01782365&draw=2&rank=1; NCT01782365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ladenbauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Ladenbauer
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, INSERM U960, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Külzow
- Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Neurologische Rehabilitation, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Byron N, Semenova A, Sakata S. Mutual Interactions between Brain States and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: A Focus on Gamma and Slow Oscillations. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:707. [PMID: 34439940 PMCID: PMC8389330 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain state varies from moment to moment. While brain state can be defined by ongoing neuronal population activity, such as neuronal oscillations, this is tightly coupled with certain behavioural or vigilant states. In recent decades, abnormalities in brain state have been recognised as biomarkers of various brain diseases and disorders. Intriguingly, accumulating evidence also demonstrates mutual interactions between brain states and disease pathologies: while abnormalities in brain state arise during disease progression, manipulations of brain state can modify disease pathology, suggesting a therapeutic potential. In this review, by focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, we provide an overview of how brain states change in AD patients and mouse models, and how controlling brain states can modify AD pathology. Specifically, we summarise the relationship between AD and changes in gamma and slow oscillations. As pathological changes in these oscillations correlate with AD pathology, manipulations of either gamma or slow oscillations can modify AD pathology in mouse models. We argue that neuromodulation approaches to target brain states are a promising non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Byron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anna Semenova
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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41
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The Biology and Psychology of Surgical Learning. Surg Clin North Am 2021; 101:541-554. [PMID: 34242598 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Surgical education requires proficiency with multiple types of learning to create capable surgeons. This article reviews a conceptual framework of learning that starts with the biological basis of learning and how neural networks encode memory. We then focus on how information can be absorbed, organized, and recalled, discussing concepts such as cognitive load, knowledge retrieval, and adult learning. Influences on memory and learning such as stress, sleep, and unconscious bias are explored. This overview of the biological and psychological aspects to learning provides a foundation for the articles to follow.
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Kishore K, Cusimano MD. The Fundamental Need for Sleep in Neurocritical Care Units: Time for a Paradigm Shift. Front Neurol 2021; 12:637250. [PMID: 34220667 PMCID: PMC8248989 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.637250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive neurological assessments in neurocritical care settings for unduly prolonged period result in profound sleep deprivation in those patients that confounds the true neurological status of these patients, and the mounting apprehension in providers can beget a vicious cycle of even more intensive neurological assessments resulting in further sleep deprivation from being constantly woken up to be “assessed.” This iatrogenic state drives these patients into deep sleep stages that impact spontaneous breathing trials, weaken immunity, and lead to unwarranted investigations and interventions. There is dwindling value of prolonged frequent neurochecks beyond the initial 24–48 h of an intracranial event. We insist that sleep must be considered on at least an equal par to other functions that are routinely assessed. We reason that therapeutic sleep must be allowed to these patients in suitable amounts especially beyond the first 36–48 h to achieve ideal and swift recovery. This merits a paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kislay Kishore
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Examination of Initial Evidence for EMDR as a Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. JOURNAL OF EMDR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1891/emdr-d-21-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychological condition that impacts millions of people globally. The front-line psychological intervention for OCD is exposure/response prevention (ERP), however, many individuals do not respond to this treatment approach. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new therapeutic option which could be effective in treating OCD. This review examined the initial evidence for the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing OCD symptoms. Nine studies were included in the review, including six case studies and three group studies. Results indicate that EMDR is a promising candidate for treating OCD, with all studies showing EMDR therapy resulted in reduced symptoms from baseline. Results also indicated that EMDR may be as effective as ERP, and more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating OCD.
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Abstract
This review will explore the role of memory consolidation in speech-motor learning. Existing frameworks of speech-motor control account for the protracted time course of building the speech-motor representation. These perspectives converge on the speech-motor representation as a multimodal unit that is comprised of auditory, motor, and linguistic information. Less is known regarding the memory mechanisms that support the emergence of a generalized speech-motor unit from instances of speech production. Here, we consider the broader learning and memory consolidation literature and how it may apply to speech-motor learning. We discuss findings from relevant domains on the stabilization, enhancement, and generalization of learned information. Based on this literature, we provide our predictions for the division of labor between conscious and unconscious memory systems in speech-motor learning, and the subsequent effects of time and sleep to memory consolidation. We identify both the methodological challenges, as well as the practical importance, of advancing this work empirically. This discussion provides a foundation for building a memory-based framework for speech-motor learning.
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45
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Hussain SJ, Vollmer MK, Stimely J, Norato G, Zrenner C, Ziemann U, Buch ER, Cohen LG. Phase-dependent offline enhancement of human motor memory. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:873-883. [PMID: 34048939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skill learning engages offline activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Sensorimotor cortical activity oscillates between excitatory trough and inhibitory peak phases of the mu (8-12 Hz) rhythm. We recently showed that these mu phases influence the magnitude and direction of neuroplasticity induction within M1. However, the contribution of M1 activity during mu peak and trough phases to human skill learning has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of phase-dependent TMS during mu peak and trough phases on offline learning of a newly-acquired motor skill. METHODS On Day 1, three groups of healthy adults practiced an explicit motor sequence learning task with their non-dominant left hand. After practice, phase-dependent TMS was applied to the right M1 during either mu peak or mu trough phases. The third group received sham TMS during random mu phases. On Day 2, all subjects were re-tested on the same task to evaluate offline learning. RESULTS Subjects who received phase-dependent TMS during mu trough phases showed increased offline skill learning compared to those who received phase-dependent TMS during mu peak phases or sham TMS during random mu phases. Additionally, phase-dependent TMS during mu trough phases elicited stronger whole-brain broadband oscillatory power responses than phase-dependent TMS during mu peak phases. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that sensorimotor mu trough phases reflect brief windows of opportunity during which TMS can strengthen newly-acquired skill memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Hussain
- Movement and Cognitive Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mary K Vollmer
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Stimely
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina Norato
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Zrenner
- Department of Neurology and Stroke and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ethan R Buch
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mullins AE, Williams MK, Kam K, Parekh A, Bubu OM, Castillo B, Roberts ZJ, Rapoport DM, Ayappa I, Osorio RS, Varga AW. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on human spatial navigational memory processing in cognitively normal older individuals. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:939-948. [PMID: 33399067 PMCID: PMC8320476 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence increases with age, but whether OSA-related sleep disruption could interrupt the processing of previously encoded wake information thought to normally occur during sleep in cognitively normal older adults remains unknown. METHODS Fifty-two older (age = 66.9 ± 7.7 years, 56% female), community-dwelling, cognitively normal adults explored a 3-D maze environment and then performed 3 timed trials before (evening) and after (morning) sleep recorded with polysomnography with a 20-minute morning psychomotor vigilance test. RESULTS Twenty-two (22) participants had untreated OSA [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI4%) ≥ 5 events/h] where severity was mild on average [median (interquartile range); AHI4% = 11.0 (20.7) events/h] and 30 participants had an AHI4% < 5 events/h. No significant differences were observed in overnight percent change in completion time or in the pattern of evening presleep maze performance. However, during the morning postsleep trials, there was a significant interaction between OSA group and morning trial number such that participants with OSA performed worse on average with each subsequent morning trial, whereas those without OSA showed improvements. There were no significant differences in morning psychomotor vigilance test performance, suggesting that vigilance is unlikely to account for this difference in morning maze performance. Increasing relative frontal slow wave activity was associated with better overnight maze performance improvement in participants with OSA (r = .51, P = .02) but not in those without OSA, and no differences in slow wave activity were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS OSA alters morning performance in spatial navigation independent of a deleterious effect on morning vigilance or evening navigation performance. Relative frontal slow wave activity is associated with overnight performance change in older participants with OSA, but not those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Mullins
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Masrai K. Williams
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Korey Kam
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ankit Parekh
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Omonigho M. Bubu
- Center for Sleep and Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bresne Castillo
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zachary J. Roberts
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David M. Rapoport
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Indu Ayappa
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Center for Sleep and Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andrew W. Varga
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Deciphering the Interacting Mechanisms of Circadian Disruption and Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1603-1617. [PMID: 33871799 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the crucial causative factors for progressive dementia. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in cortical and limbic regions of the human brain. The circadian system is one of the many affected physiological processes in AD, the dysfunction of which may reflect in the irregularity of the sleep/wake cycle. The interplay of circadian and sleep disturbances inducing AD progression is bidirectional. Sleep-associated pathological alterations are frequently evident in AD. Understanding the interrelation between circadian disruption and AD may allow for earlier identification of AD pathogenesis as well as better suited approaches and potential therapies to combat dementia. In this article, we examine the existing literature related to the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and interacting mechanisms of circadian disruption and AD pathogenesis.
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Schneider J, Lewis PA, Koester D, Born J, Ngo HVV. Susceptibility to auditory closed-loop stimulation of sleep slow oscillations changes with age. Sleep 2021; 43:5850478. [PMID: 32562487 PMCID: PMC7734479 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Cortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamocortical sleep spindles hallmark slow wave sleep and facilitate memory consolidation, both of which are reduced with age. Experiments utilizing auditory closed-loop stimulation to enhance these oscillations showed great potential in young and older subjects. However, the magnitude of responses has yet to be compared between these age groups. We examined the possibility of enhancing SOs and performance on different memory tasks in a healthy middle-aged population using this stimulation and contrast effects to younger adults. Methods In a within-subject design, 17 subjects (55.7 ± 1.0 years) received auditory stimulation in synchrony with SO up-states, which was compared to a no-stimulation sham condition. Overnight memory consolidation was assessed for declarative word-pairs and procedural finger-tapping skill. Post-sleep encoding capabilities were tested with a picture recognition task. Electrophysiological effects of stimulation were compared to a previous younger cohort (n = 11, 24.2 ± 0.9 years). Results Overnight retention and post-sleep encoding performance of the older cohort revealed no beneficial effect of stimulation, which contrasts with the enhancing effect the same stimulation protocol had in our younger cohort. Auditory stimulation prolonged endogenous SO trains and induced sleep spindles phase-locked to SO up-states in the older population. However, responses were markedly reduced compared to younger subjects. Additionally, the temporal dynamics of stimulation effects on SOs and spindles differed between age groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the susceptibility to auditory stimulation during sleep drastically changes with age and reveal the difficulties of translating a functional protocol from younger to older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Schneider
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Corresponding authors. Hong-Viet V. Ngo, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Penelope A. Lewis, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dominik Koester
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Corresponding authors. Hong-Viet V. Ngo, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Penelope A. Lewis, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Spencer RMC. The role of naps in memory and executive functioning in early childhood. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 60:139-158. [PMID: 33641791 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While sleep, including naps, has been shown to benefit many cognitive functions in adults, understanding whether naps are beneficial in early childhood has important translational implications. Here we review recent studies which, collectively, suggest that naps indeed benefit cognition at this age. Specifically, declarative, motor, and emotional memory are better if a nap follows learning. Executive functions such as attention and emotion processing are likewise better following sleep. However, a better understanding of the mechanism supporting these benefits and the generalizability to other forms of learning and executive functions is necessary. It is important for future research to extend such findings, which may promote the use of naps to support early education, particularly for learning-impaired children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
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Sulkamo S, Hagström K, Huupponen E, Isokangas S, Lapinlampi AM, Alakuijala A, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Himanen SL. Sleep Spindle Features and Neurobehavioral Performance in Healthy School-Aged Children. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 38:149-155. [PMID: 31800466 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In adults, central fast-frequency sleep spindles are involved in learning and memory functions. The density of local spindles is higher than global spindles, emphasizing the importance of local plastic neural processes. In children, findings on the association of spindles with cognition are more variable. Hence, we aim to study whether the local spindles are also important for neurobehavioral performance in children. METHODS We studied the correlations between local (occurring in only one channel: Fp1, Fp2, C3, or C4), bilateral, and diffuse (occurring in all four channels) spindles and neurobehavioral performance in 17 healthy children (median age 9.6 years). RESULTS Local spindles were not as frequent as bilateral spindles (P-values < 0.05). Central spindle types had significant correlations with sensorimotor and language functions (e.g., the density of bilateral central spindles correlated positively with the Object Assembly in NEPSY, r = 0.490). Interestingly, frontopolar spindles correlated with behavior (e.g., the more bilateral the frontopolar spindles, the less hyperactive the children, r = -0.618). CONCLUSIONS In children, the local spindles, but also more widespread central spindles, seem to be involved in the cognitive processes. Based on our findings, it is important that ageadjusted frequency limits are used in studies evaluating the frequencies of spindles in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saramia Sulkamo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Hagström
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Huupponen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sirkku Isokangas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Lapinlampi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina Alakuijala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ; and
| | | | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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