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Fessl T, Majellaro M, Bondar A. Microscopy and spectroscopy approaches to study GPCR structure and function. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38087925 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The GPCR signalling cascade is a key pathway responsible for the signal transduction of a multitude of physical and chemical stimuli, including light, odorants, neurotransmitters and hormones. Understanding the structural and functional properties of the GPCR cascade requires direct observation of signalling processes in high spatial and temporal resolution, with minimal perturbation to endogenous systems. Optical microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are uniquely suited to this purpose because they excel at multiple spatial and temporal scales and can be used in living objects. Here, we review recent developments in microscopy and spectroscopy technologies which enable new insights into GPCR signalling. We focus on advanced techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution, single-molecule methods, labelling strategies and approaches suitable for endogenous systems and large living objects. This review aims to assist researchers in choosing appropriate microscopy and spectroscopy approaches for a variety of applications in the study of cellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Fessl
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alexey Bondar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Histology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Hua Y, Song M, Guo Q, Luo Y, Deng X, Huang Y. Antiseizure Properties of Histamine H 3 Receptor Antagonists Belonging 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1 H)-Ones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083408. [PMID: 37110645 PMCID: PMC10144301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
H3R is becoming an attractive and promising target for epilepsy treatment as well as the discovery of antiepileptics. In this work, a series of 6-aminoalkoxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones was prepared to screen their H3R antagonistic activities and antiseizure effects. The majority of the target compounds displayed a potent H3R antagonistic activity. Among them, compounds 2a, 2c, 2h, and 4a showed submicromolar H3R antagonistic activity with an IC50 of 0.52, 0.47, 0.12, and 0.37 μM, respectively. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model screened out three compounds (2h, 4a, and 4b) with antiseizure activity. Meanwhile, the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure test gave a result that no compound can resist the seizures induced by PTZ. Additionally, the anti-MES action of compound 4a fully vanished when it was administrated combined with an H3R agonist (RAMH). These results showed that the antiseizure role of compound 4a might be achieved by antagonizing the H3R receptor. The molecular docking of 2h, 4a, and PIT with the H3R protein predicted their possible binding patterns and gave a presentation that 2h, 4a, and PIT had a similar binding model with H3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua
- Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Mingxia Song
- Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Yiqin Luo
- Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Xianqing Deng
- Health Science Center, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Zimmermann T, Thomas L, Baader-Pagler T, Haebel P, Simon E, Reindl W, Bajrami B, Rist W, Uphues I, Drucker DJ, Klein H, Santhanam R, Hamprecht D, Neubauer H, Augustin R. BI 456906: Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a novel GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101633. [PMID: 36356832 PMCID: PMC9679702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and its associated comorbidities represent a global health challenge with a need for well-tolerated, effective, and mechanistically diverse pharmaceutical interventions. Oxyntomodulin is a gut peptide that activates the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and reduces bodyweight by increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake in humans. Here we describe the pharmacological profile of the novel glucagon receptor (GCGR)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) dual agonist BI 456906. METHODS BI 456906 was characterized using cell-based in vitro assays to determine functional agonism. In vivo pharmacological studies were performed using acute and subchronic dosing regimens to demonstrate target engagement for the GCGR and GLP-1R, and weight lowering efficacy. RESULTS BI 456906 is a potent, acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid as a half-life extending principle to support once-weekly dosing in humans. Pharmacological doses of BI 456906 provided greater bodyweight reductions in mice compared with maximally effective doses of the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide. BI 456906's superior efficacy is the consequence of increased energy expenditure and reduced food intake. Engagement of both receptors in vivo was demonstrated via glucose tolerance, food intake, and gastric emptying tests for the GLP-1R, and liver nicotinamide N-methyltransferase mRNA expression and circulating biomarkers (amino acids, fibroblast growth factor-21) for the GCGR. The dual activity of BI 456906 at the GLP-1R and GCGR was supported using GLP-1R knockout and transgenic reporter mice, and an ex vivo bioactivity assay. CONCLUSIONS BI 456906 is a potent GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zimmermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Leo Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Tamara Baader-Pagler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Peter Haebel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Ingo Uphues
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Holger Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Rakesh Santhanam
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Dieter Hamprecht
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia, Via Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Robert Augustin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
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Akhmedov D, Rajendran K, Mendoza-Rodriguez MG, Berdeaux R. Knock-in Luciferase Reporter Mice for In Vivo Monitoring of CREB Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158274. [PMID: 27336479 PMCID: PMC4940169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is induced during fasting in the liver, where it stimulates transcription of rate-limiting gluconeogenic genes to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Adenoviral and transgenic CREB reporters have been used to monitor hepatic CREB activity non-invasively using bioluminescence reporter imaging. However, adenoviral vectors and randomly inserted transgenes have several limitations. To overcome disadvantages of the currently used strategies, we created a ROSA26 knock-in CREB reporter mouse line (ROSA26-CRE-luc). cAMP-inducing ligands stimulate the reporter in primary hepatocytes and myocytes from ROSA26-CRE-luc animals. In vivo, these animals exhibit little hepatic CREB activity in the ad libitum fed state but robust induction after fasting. Strikingly, CREB was markedly stimulated in liver, but not in skeletal muscle, after overnight voluntary wheel-running exercise, uncovering differential regulation of CREB in these tissues under catabolic states. The ROSA26-CRE-luc mouse line is a useful resource to study dynamics of CREB activity longitudinally in vivo and can be used as a source of primary cells for analysis of CREB regulatory pathways ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Akhmedov
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kavitha Rajendran
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria G. Mendoza-Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cell and Regulatory Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Durham TB, Blanco MJ. Target Engagement in Lead Generation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:998-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Walker CS, Sundrum T, Hay DL. PACAP receptor pharmacology and agonist bias: analysis in primary neurons and glia from the trigeminal ganglia and transfected cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1521-33. [PMID: 24303997 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A major challenge in the development of new medicines targeting GPCRs is the ability to quantify drug action in physiologically relevant models. Primary cell models that closely resemble the clinically relevant in vivo site of drug action are important translational tools in drug development. However, pharmacological studies in these models are generally very limited due to the methodology used. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a neuropeptide system to demonstrate the applicability of using highly sensitive signalling assays in primary cells. We quantified the action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-38, PACAP-27 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in primary cultures of neurons and glia derived from rat trigeminal ganglia (TG), comparing our observations to transfected cells. KEY RESULTS PACAP-responsive receptors in rat trigeminal neurons, glia and transfected PAC1n receptors were pharmacologically distinct. PACAP-38, but not PACAP-27, activated ERK in glia, while both forms stimulated cellular cAMP production. PACAP(6-38) also displayed cell-type-dependent, agonist-specific, antagonism. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The complexity of PACAP pharmacology in the TG may help to direct, more effectively, the development of disease treatments targeting the PACAP receptor. We suggest that these methodologies are broadly applicable to other primary cell types of human or animal origin, and that our approach may allow more thorough characterization of ligand properties in physiologically relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Calabretta MM, Calabria D, Roda A. Exploiting in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence for the implementation of the three Rs principle (replacement, reduction, and refinement) in drug discovery. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5531-9. [PMID: 24908412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence-based analytical tools are suitable for high-throughput and high-content screening assays, finding widespread application in several fields related to the drug discovery process. Cell-based bioluminescence assays, because of their peculiar advantages of predictability, possibility of automation, multiplexing, and miniaturization, seem the most appealing tool for the high demands of the early stages of drug screening. Reporter gene technology and the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer principle are widely used, and receptor binding studies of new agonists/antagonists for a variety of human receptors expressed in different cell lines can be performed. Moreover, bioluminescence can be used for in vitro and in vivo real-time monitoring of pathophysiological processes within living cells and small animals. New luciferases and substrates have recently arrived on the market, further expanding the spectrum of applications. A new generation of probes are also emerging that promise to revolutionize the preclinical imaging market. This formidable toolbox is demonstrated to facilitate the implementation of the three Rs principle in the early drug discovery process, in compliance with ethical and responsible research to reduce cost and improve the reliability and predictability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy,
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