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Dubery IA, Nephali LP, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA. Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings. Metabolites 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38393004 PMCID: PMC10891503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are produced via discrete metabolic pathways. These small molecules play significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as defense against environmental stresses. These include damping off or seedling blight at a post-emergence stage. Targeted metabolomics was followed to gain insights into metabolome changes characteristic of different developmental stages of sorghum seedlings. Metabolites were extracted from leaves at seven time points post-germination and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with chemometric tools, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, were applied for data exploration and to reduce data dimensionality as well as for the selection of potential discriminant biomarkers. Changes in metabolome patterns of the seedlings were analyzed in the early, middle, and late stages of growth (7, 14, and 29 days post-germination). The metabolite classes were amino acids, organic acids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, hormones, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, with the latter representing the largest class of metabolites. In general, the metabolite content showed an increase with the progression of the plant growth stages. Most of the differential metabolites were derived from tryptophan and phenylalanine, which contribute to innate immune defenses as well as growth. Quantitative analysis identified a correlation of apigenin flavone derivatives with growth stage. Data-driven investigations of these metabolomes provided new insights into the developmental dynamics that occur in seedlings to limit post-germination mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (L.P.N.); (F.T.); (P.A.S.)
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2
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Oselusi SO, Dube P, Odugbemi AI, Akinyede KA, Ilori TL, Egieyeh E, Sibuyi NR, Meyer M, Madiehe AM, Wyckoff GJ, Egieyeh SA. The role and potential of computer-aided drug discovery strategies in the discovery of novel antimicrobials. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107927. [PMID: 38184864 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become more of a concern in recent decades, particularly in infections associated with global public health threats. The development of new antibiotics is crucial to ensuring infection control and eradicating AMR. Although drug discovery and development are essential processes in the transformation of a drug candidate from the laboratory to the bedside, they are often very complicated, expensive, and time-consuming. The pharmaceutical sector is continuously innovating strategies to reduce research costs and accelerate the development of new drug candidates. Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) has emerged as a powerful and promising technology that renews the hope of researchers for the faster identification, design, and development of cheaper, less resource-intensive, and more efficient drug candidates. In this review, we discuss an overview of AMR, the potential, and limitations of CADD in AMR drug discovery, and case studies of the successful application of this technique in the rapid identification of various drug candidates. This review will aid in achieving a better understanding of available CADD techniques in the discovery of novel drug candidates against resistant pathogens and other infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson O Oselusi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Phumuzile Dube
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Adeshina I Odugbemi
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Kolajo A Akinyede
- Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry Unit, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B.5351, Ado Ekiti, 360231, Nigeria
| | - Tosin L Ilori
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Nicole Rs Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Abram M Madiehe
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Gerald J Wyckoff
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64110-2446, United States
| | - Samuel A Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.
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3
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McNelly A, Langan A, Bear DE, Page A, Martin T, Seidu F, Santos F, Rooney K, Liang K, Heales SJ, Baldwin T, Alldritt I, Crossland H, Atherton PJ, Wilkinson D, Montgomery H, Prowle J, Pearse R, Eaton S, Puthucheary ZA. A pilot study of alternative substrates in the critically Ill subject using a ketogenic feed. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8345. [PMID: 38102152 PMCID: PMC10724188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic failure caused by impaired utilisation of glucose and fatty acids contributes to organ dysfunction across multiple tissues in critical illness. Ketone bodies may form an alternative substrate source, but the feasibility and safety of inducing a ketogenic state in physiologically unstable patients is not known. Twenty-nine mechanically ventilated adults with multi-organ failure managed on intensive care units were randomised (Ketogenic n = 14, Control n = 15) into a two-centre pilot open-label trial of ketogenic versus standard enteral feeding. The primary endpoints were assessment of feasibility and safety, recruitment and retention rates and achievement of ketosis and glucose control. Ketogenic feeding was feasible, safe, well tolerated and resulted in ketosis in all patients in the intervention group, with a refusal rate of 4.1% and 82.8% retention. Patients who received ketogenic feeding had fewer hypoglycaemic events (0.0% vs. 1.6%), required less exogenous international units of insulin (0 (Interquartile range 0-16) vs.78 (Interquartile range 0-412) but had slightly more daily episodes of diarrhoea (53.5% vs. 42.9%) over the trial period. Ketogenic feeding was feasible and may be an intervention for addressing bioenergetic failure in critically ill patients. Clinical Trials.gov registration: NCT04101071.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McNelly
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anne Langan
- Department of Dietetics, Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Danielle E Bear
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS, London, UK
| | | | - Tim Martin
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fatima Seidu
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Filipa Santos
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Department of Critical Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Kaifeng Liang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Heales
- Genetic & Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tomas Baldwin
- Developmental Biology & Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Alldritt
- Centre of Metabolism, Aging & Physiology (COMAP), MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hannah Crossland
- Centre of Metabolism, Aging & Physiology (COMAP), MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Aging & Physiology (COMAP), MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- Centre of Metabolism, Aging & Physiology (COMAP), MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- University College London (UCL), London, UK
- UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, UK
| | - John Prowle
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rupert Pearse
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology & Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Zudin A Puthucheary
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
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Huang Y, Wan X, Zhao Z, Liu H, Wen Y, Wu W, Ge X, Zhao C. Metabolomic analysis and pathway profiling of paramylon production in Euglena gracilis grown on different carbon sources. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125661. [PMID: 37399871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) produced by Euglena gracilis displays antioxidant, antitumor, and hypolipidaemic functions. The biological properties of paramylon production by E. gracilis can be understood by elucidating the metabolic changes within the algae. In this study, the carbon sources in AF-6 medium were replaced with glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, or ethanol, and the paramylon yield was measured. Adding 0.1260 g/L glucose to the culture medium resulted in the highest paramylon yield of 70.48 %. The changes in metabolic pathways in E. gracilis grown on glucose were assessed via non-targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We found that glucose, as a carbon source, regulated some differentially expressed metabolites, including l-glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and l-aspartic acid. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes further showed that glucose regulated the carbon and nitrogen balance through the GABA shunt, which enhanced photosynthesis, regulated the flux of carbon and nitrogen into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoted glucose uptake, and increased the accumulation of paramylon. This study provides new insights into E. gracilis metabolism during paramylon synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zexu Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Silva CAM, Graham BG, Webb K, Islam MN, Harton M, de Mello Marques MA, de Carvalho FM, Pinheiro RO, Spencer J, Sarno EN, Pereira GM, Pessolani MCV, de Macedo CS, Belisle JT. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators as Potential Biomarkers for Leprosy Among Individuals with Asymptomatic Mycobacterium leprae Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1458-1469. [PMID: 37428112 PMCID: PMC10700021 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Intra-household contacts (HCs) of leprosy patients are at increased risk of infection by Mycobacterium leprae and about ∼5-10% will develop active disease. A prognostic tool to identify HCs with the greatest risk of progressing to active disease would enhance early leprosy diagnosis and optimize prophylactic intervention. Previous metabolomics studies suggest that host lipid mediators derived from ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potential biomarkers for leprosy. In this study, we investigated retrospective sera of leprosy HCs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunoassay to determine whether circulating levels of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA metabolites were altered in HCs that developed leprosy (HCDL) in comparison to those that did not (HCNDL). Sera were collected from HCs at the time of index case diagnosis and before clinical signs/symptoms of leprosy. Our findings showed that HCDL sera exhibited a distinct metabolic profile in comparison to HCDNL. Specifically, arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4, 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, prostaglandin D2, and lipoxin A4 were elevated in HCDL. In contrast, prostaglandin E2 levels were reduced in HCDL. The ω-3 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and the docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvin D1 and maresin-1 were also elevated in HCDL individuals compared to HCNDL. Principal component analyses provided further evidence that lipid mediators could serve as an early biomarker for progression to active leprosy. A logistic model identified resolvin D1 and D2, and prostaglandin D2 as having the greatest potential for early detection of HCs that will manifest leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. M. Silva
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
| | - Barbara G. Graham
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
| | - Kristofor Webb
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
| | - Marisa Harton
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
| | - Maria Angela de Mello Marques
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
| | - Fernanda Marques de Carvalho
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
| | - John Spencer
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
| | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
| | - Geraldo M.B. Pereira
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
| | - Maria Cristina Vidal Pessolani
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
| | - Cristiana Santos de Macedo
- Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-360
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil, 21040-361
| | - John T. Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523
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Tan TH, Li SW, Chang CW, Chen YC, Liu YH, Ma JT, Chang CP, Liao PC. Rat Hair Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Perturbations of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Phenylalanine, and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathways Are Associated with Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4373-4395. [PMID: 37095368 PMCID: PMC10293421 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Hair is a noninvasive valuable biospecimen for the long-term assessment of endogenous metabolic disturbance. Whether the hair is suitable for identifying biomarkers of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process remains unknown. We aim to investigate the metabolism changes in hair after β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) exposure in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted methods. Thirty-five days after Aβ1-42 induction, rats displayed significant cognitive deficits, and forty metabolites were changed, of which twenty belonged to three perturbed pathways: (1) phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis-L-phenylalanine, phenylpyruvate, ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and phenyllactic acid are up-regulated; (2) arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism-leukotriene B4 (LTB4), arachidonyl carnitine, and 5(S)-HPETE are upregulation, but ARA, 14,15-DiHETrE, 5(S)-HETE, and PGB2 are opposite; and (3) unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), FA 18:3 + 1O, and FA 18:3 + 2O are downregulated. Linoleic acid metabolism belonging to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid includes the upregulation of 8-hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic acid, 13-oxoODE, and FA 18:2 + 4O, and downregulation of 9(S)-HPODE and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. In addition, cortisone and dehydroepiandrosterone belonging to steroid hormone biosynthesis are upregulated. These three perturbed metabolic pathways also correlate with cognitive impairment after Aβ1-42 stimulation. Furthermore, ARA, DHA, EPA, L-phenylalanine, and cortisone have been previously implicated in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients and show a similar changing trend in Aβ1-42 rats' hair. These data suggest hair can be a useful biospecimen that well reflects the expression of non-polar molecules under Aβ1-42 stimulation, and the five metabolites have the potential to serve as novel AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hoe Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.1, Nantai St., Yungkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Liu Y, Ma L, Cheng J, Su J. Effects of Omeprazole on Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Caused by ST81 Strains and Their Potential Mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0022123. [PMID: 37223895 PMCID: PMC10269155 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00221-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with high recurrence rates that have substantial effects on patients' quality of life. To investigate the risk factors and potential mechanisms contributing to recurrent CDI (rCDI), a total of 243 cases were enrolled in this study. The history of omeprazole (OME) medication and ST81 strain infection were considered the two independent risks with the highest odds ratios in rCDI. In the presence of OME, we detected concentration-dependent increases in the MIC values of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against ST81 strains. Mechanically, OME facilitated ST81 strain sporulation and spore germination by blocking the pathway of purine metabolism and also promoted an increase in cell motility and toxin production by turning the flagellar switch to the ON state. In conclusion, OME affects several biological processes during C difficile growth, which have fundamental impacts on the development of rCDI caused by ST81 strains. Programmed OME administration and stringent surveillance of the emerging ST81 genotype are matters of considerable urgency and significance in rCDI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Morales-Cano D, Izquierdo-García JL, Barreira B, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Callejo M, Pandolfi R, Villa-Valverde P, Rodríguez I, Cogolludo A, Ruiz-Cabello J, Perez-Vizcaino F, Moreno L. Impact of a TAK-1 inhibitor as a single or as an add-on therapy to riociguat on the metabolic reprograming and pulmonary hypertension in the SUGEN5416/hypoxia rat model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1021535. [PMID: 37063275 PMCID: PMC10090662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1021535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite increasing evidence suggesting that pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease involving vasoconstriction, thrombosis, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation and vascular proliferation, all the drugs approved for PAH mainly act as vasodilating agents. Since excessive TGF-β signaling is believed to be a critical factor in pulmonary vascular remodeling, we hypothesized that blocking TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1), alone or in combination with a vasodilator therapy (i.e., riociguat) could achieve a greater therapeutic benefit.Methods: PAH was induced in male Wistar rats by a single injection of the VEGF receptor antagonist SU5416 (20 mg/kg) followed by exposure to hypoxia (10%O2) for 21 days. Two weeks after SU5416 administration, vehicle, riociguat (3 mg/kg/day), the TAK-1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OXO, 3 mg/kg/day), or both drugs combined were administered for 7 days. Metabolic profiling of right ventricle (RV), lung tissues and PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) extracts were performed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the differences between groups analyzed by multivariate statistical methods.Results:In vitro, riociguat induced potent vasodilator effects in isolated pulmonary arteries (PA) with negligible antiproliferative effects and metabolic changes in PASMCs. In contrast, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol effectively inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs characterized by a broad metabolic reprogramming but had no acute vasodilator effects. In vivo, treatment with riociguat partially reduced the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), RV hypertrophy (RVH), and pulmonary vascular remodeling, attenuated the dysregulation of inosine, glucose, creatine and phosphocholine (PC) in RV and fully abolished the increase in lung IL-1β expression. By contrast, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol significantly reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and attenuated the metabolic shifts of glucose and PC in RV but had no effects on PAP or RVH. Importantly, combined therapy had an additive effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling and induced a significant metabolic effect over taurine, amino acids, glycolysis, and TCA cycle metabolism via glycine-serine-threonine metabolism. However, it did not improve the effects induced by riociguat alone on pulmonary pressure or RV remodeling. None of the treatments attenuated pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness to serotonin in isolated PA.Conclusion: Our results suggest that inhibition of TAK-1 induces antiproliferative effects and its addition to short-term vasodilator therapy enhances the beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV metabolic reprogramming in experimental PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-García
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Callejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachele Pandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Villa-Valverde
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Moreno,
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9
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Aghila Rani KG, Soares NC, Rahman B, Al-Hroub HM, Semreen MH, Al Kawas S. Effects of medwakh smoking on salivary metabolomics and its association with altered oral redox homeostasis among youth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1870. [PMID: 36725974 PMCID: PMC9891755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of alternative tobacco products, particularly medwakh, has expanded among youth in the Middle East and around the world. The present study is conducted to investigate the biochemical and pathophysiological changes caused by medwakh smoking, and to examine the salivary metabolomics profile of medwakh smokers. Saliva samples were collected from 30 non-smokers and 30 medwakh smokers and subjected to metabolomic analysis by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. The CRP and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 activity levels in the study samples were quantified by ELISA and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by TAC assay kits. Statistical measurements and thorough validation of data obtained from untargeted metabolomics identified 37 uniquely and differentially abundant metabolites in saliva of medwakh smokers. The levels of phthalate, L-sorbose, cytosine, uridine, alpha-hydroxy hippurate, and L-nicotine were noticeably high in medwakh smokers. Likewise, 20 metabolic pathways were differentially altered in medwakh smokers. This study identified a distinctive saliva metabolomics profile in medwakh smokers associated with altered redox homeostasis, metabolic pathways, antioxidant system, and CRP levels. The impact of the altered metabolites in medwakh smokers and their diagnostic utility require further research in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Aghila Rani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Betul Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamza M Al-Hroub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Pancoro A, Karima E, Apriyanto A, Effendi Y. 1H NMR metabolomics analysis of oil palm stem tissue infected by Ganoderma boninense based on field severity Indices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21087. [PMID: 36473892 PMCID: PMC9726981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal stem rot disease (BSR) caused by G. boninense affects most oil palm plants in Southeast Asia. This disease can be fatal to palm oil production. BSR shows no signs on the tree in the early stages of infection. Therefore, it is essential to find an approach that can detect BSR disease in oil palm, especially at any level of disease severity in the field. This study aims to identify biomarkers of BSR disease in oil palm stem tissue based on various disease severity indices in the field using 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis. The crude extract of oil palm stem tissue with four disease severity indices was analyzed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Approximately 90 metabolites from oil palm stem tissue were identified.Twenty of these were identified as metabolites that significantly differentiated the four disease severity indices. These metabolites include the organic acid group, the carbohydrate group, the organoheterocyclic compound group, and the benzoid group. In addition, different tentative biomarkers for different disease severity indices were also identified. These tentative biomarkers consist of groups of organic acids, carbohydrates, organoheterocyclic compounds, nitrogenous organic compounds, and benzene. There are five pathways in oil palm that are potentially affected by BSR disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Pancoro
- grid.434933.a0000 0004 1808 0563School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132 Indonesia
| | - Elfina Karima
- grid.434933.a0000 0004 1808 0563School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132 Indonesia
| | - Ardha Apriyanto
- Astra Agro Lestari Tbk, Research and Development, Jakarta, 13920 Indonesia
| | - Yunus Effendi
- grid.9581.50000000120191471Biological Science Department, Al-Azhar Indonesia University, Jakarta, 12110 Indonesia
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11
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Peach JT, Mueller RC, Skorupa DJ, Mesle MM, Kanta S, Boltinghouse E, Sharon B, Copié V, Bothner B, Peyton BM. Longitudinal analysis of the Five Sisters hot springs in Yellowstone National Park reveals a dynamic thermoalkaline environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18707. [PMID: 36333441 PMCID: PMC9636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on microbial populations of thermoalkaline springs has been driven in a large part by the lure of discovering functional enzymes with industrial applications in high-pH and high temperature environments. While several studies have focused on understanding the fundamental ecology of these springs, the small molecule profiles of thermoalkaline springs have largely been overlooked. To better understand how geochemistry, small molecule composition, and microbial communities are connected, we conducted a three-year study of the Five Sisters (FS) springs that included high-resolution geochemical measurements, 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal community, and mass spectrometry-based metabolite and extracellular small molecule characterization. Integration of the four datasets facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the interwoven thermoalkaline spring system. Over the course of the study, the microbial population responded to changing environmental conditions, with archaeal populations decreasing in both relative abundance and diversity compared to bacterial populations. Decreases in the relative abundance of Archaea were associated with environmental changes that included decreased availability of specific nitrogen- and sulfur-containing extracellular small molecules and fluctuations in metabolic pathways associated with nitrogen cycling. This multi-factorial analysis demonstrates that the microbial community composition is more closely correlated with pools of extracellular small molecules than with the geochemistry of the thermal springs. This is a novel finding and suggests that a previously overlooked component of thermal springs may have a significant impact on microbial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T. Peach
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Rebecca C. Mueller
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA ,grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Dana J. Skorupa
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA ,grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Margaux M. Mesle
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA ,grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Sutton Kanta
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Eric Boltinghouse
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Bailey Sharon
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Valerie Copié
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA ,grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Brent M. Peyton
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA ,grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA ,grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
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12
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Jumpa T, Beckles DM, Songsri P, Pattanagul K, Pattanagul W. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Gac Leaf ( Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.) to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2447. [PMID: 36235312 PMCID: PMC9572180 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gac is a carotenoid-rich, healthful tropical fruit; however, its productivity is limited by soil salinity, a growing environmental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on key physiological traits and metabolites in 30-day-old gac seedling leaves, treated with 0, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 150-mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for four weeks to identify potential alarm, acclimatory, and exhaustion responses. Electrolyte leakage increased with increasing NaCl concentrations (p < 0.05) indicating loss of membrane permeability and conditions that lead to reactive oxygen species production. At 25 and 50 mM NaCl, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, starch content, and total soluble sugar increased. Chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll increased at 25 mM NaCl but decreased at higher NaCl concentrations indicating salinity-induced thylakoid membrane degradation and chlorophyllase activity. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased (p < 0.05) at all NaCl treatments, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were highest at 150 mM NaCl. GC-MS-metabolite profiling showed that 150 mM NaCl induced the largest changes in metabolites and was thus distinct. Thirteen pathways and 7.73% of metabolites differed between the control and all the salt-treated seedlings. Salinity decreased TCA cycle intermediates, and there were less sugars for growth but more for osmoprotection, with the latter augmented by increased amino acids. Although 150 mM NaCl level decreased SOD activity, the APX and GPX enzymes were still active, and some carbohydrates and metabolites also accumulated to promote salinity resistance via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwan Jumpa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95615, USA
| | - Patcharin Songsri
- Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Pattanagul
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattana Pattanagul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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13
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Sikorski C, Azab S, de Souza RJ, Shanmuganathan M, Desai D, Teo K, Atkinson SA, Morrison K, Gupta M, Britz-McKibbin P, Anand SS. Serum metabolomic signatures of gestational diabetes in South Asian and white European women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:e002733. [PMID: 35450870 PMCID: PMC9024260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to identify serum metabolomic signatures associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to examine if ethnic-specific differences exist between South Asian and white European women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study with a nested case-control analysis of 600 pregnant women from two Canadian birth cohorts; using an untargeted approach, 63 fasting serum metabolites were measured and analyzed using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted overall and by cohort. RESULTS The proportion of women with GDM was higher in South Asians (27.1%) compared with white Europeans (17.9%). Several amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid pathways related to GDM were common to South Asian and white European women. Elevated circulating concentrations of glutamic acid, propionylcarnitine, tryptophan, arginine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid were associated with higher odds of GDM, while higher glutamine, ornithine, oxoproline, cystine, glycine with lower odds of GDM. Per SD increase in glucose concentration, the odds of GDM increased (OR=2.07, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.71), similarly for metabolite ratios: glucose to glutamine (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.80), glucose to creatinine (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.32), and glutamic acid to glutamine (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.83). South Asians had higher circulating ratios of glucose to glutamine, glucose to creatinine, arginine to ornithine, and citrulline to ornithine, compared with white Europeans. CONCLUSIONS We identified a panel of serum metabolites implicated in GDM pathophysiology, consistent in South Asian and white European women. The metabolic alterations leading to larger ratios of glucose to glutamine, glucose to creatinine, arginine to ornithine, and citrulline to ornithine in South Asians likely reflect the greater burden of GDM among South Asians compared with white Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandi Azab
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dipika Desai
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon Teo
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Collaborative Research Network, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Lorente JA, Nin N, Villa P, Vasco D, Miguel-Coello AB, Rodriguez I, Herrero R, Peñuelas O, Ruiz-Cabello J, Izquierdo-Garcia JL. Metabolomic diferences between COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza induced ARDS. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2021; 25:390. [PMID: 34781986 PMCID: PMC8591432 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by lung inflammation and pulmonary edema. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with ARDS in the more severe cases. This study aimed to compare the specificity of the metabolic alterations induced by COVID-19 or Influenza A pneumonia (IAP) in ARDS. METHODS Eighteen patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 and twenty patients with ARDS due to IAP, admitted to the intensive care unit. ARDS was defined as in the American-European Consensus Conference. As compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with IAP were younger and received more often noradrenaline to maintain a mean arterial pressure > 65 mm Hg. Serum samples were analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Multivariate Statistical Analyses were used to identify metabolic differences between groups. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed to identify the most relevant pathways involved in ARDS development. RESULTS ARDS due to COVID-19 or to IAP induces a different regulation of amino acids metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycolysis, and anaplerotic metabolism. COVID-19 causes a significant energy supply deficit that induces supplementary energy-generating pathways. In contrast, IAP patients suffer more marked inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The classificatory model discriminated against the cause of pneumonia with a success rate of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the concept that ARDS is associated with a characteristic metabolomic profile that may discriminate patients with ARDS of different etiologies, being a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Angel Lorente
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Palmira Villa
- Centro de Asistencia a La Investigación Bioimagen Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dovami Vasco
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Miguel-Coello
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en CC. Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Peñuelas
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Departamento de Química en CC. Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Izquierdo-Garcia
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII, 1, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Química en CC. Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Gunda V, Chhonker YS, Natesh NS, Raut P, Muniyan S, Wyatt TA, Murry DJ, Batra SK, Rachagani S. Nuclear factor kappa-B contributes to cigarette smoke tolerance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through cysteine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112312. [PMID: 34678726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective studies revealed that cigarette smoking enhances risk of incidence and worsens prognosis in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Poor prognosis in smoker cohort of PC patients indicates prevalence of cigarette smoke stimulated survival mechanisms yet to be explored in PC. In this study, cigarette smoke induced metabolic pathways were explored and targeted in PC. METHODS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell (PDAC) lines, genetically engineered mice models (GEMMs), mass spectrometry based heavy isotope-based metabolite analysis, cytotoxicity assays and Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) targeting were utilized in this study. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared fresh each day by bubbling cell culture media with the smoke emitted from 85 mm, filtered, Code 1R6F reference cigarettes and used for in vitro procedures. High dose cigarette smoke exposure of GEMMs was achieved by daily exposure of animals to similar cigarettes, 6 h/day for a total period of 180 days. FINDINGS We observed that PDAC cells upregulate glutathione anabolism through cysteine uptake and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), supporting survival, upon CSE exposure. In vivo, cigarette smoke exposure leads to concomitant upregulation of GCLM and activated NF-kB in the PDAC consistent with in vitro, in CSE-exposed PDAC. Finally, either inhibition of NF-kB or depletion of cysteine impaired PDAC cell survival in cigarette smoke exposed conditions through suppression of glutathione and ROS enhancement, reverted by glutathione supplementation. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate scope for targeting smoke induced, NF-kB mediated, cysteine and glutathione metabolism for improving the survival of smoke addicted PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Gunda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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16
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Liu G, Lin CJ, Yates CR, Prasad GL. Metabolomic Analysis Identified Reduced Levels of Xenobiotics, Oxidative Stress, and Improved Vitamin Metabolism in Smokers Switched to Vuse Electronic Nicotine Delivery System. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1133-1142. [PMID: 33165576 PMCID: PMC8274285 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Switching to noncombustible tobacco products presents an opportunity for
cigarette smokers to potentially reduce the health risks associated with
smoking. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) are one such product
because the vapor produced from ENDS contains far fewer toxicants than
cigarette smoke. To investigate the biochemical effects of switching from
smoking to an ENDS, we assessed global metabolomic profiles of smokers in a
7-day confinement clinical study. Methods In the first 2 days of this clinical study, the subjects used their usual
brand of cigarettes and then switched to exclusive ENDS ad libitum use for 5
days. Urine and plasma samples were collected at baseline and 5 days after
switching. The samples were analyzed using a mass spectrometry-based
metabolomic platform. Results Random forest analyses of urine and plasma metabolomic data revealed
excellent predictive accuracy (>97%) of a 30-metabolite signature that
can differentiate smokers from 5-day ENDS switchers. In these signatures,
most biomarkers are nicotine-derived metabolites or xenobiotics. They were
significantly reduced in urine and plasma, suggesting a decreased xenobiotic
load on subjects. Our results also show significantly decreased levels of
plasma glutathione metabolites after switching, which suggests reduced
levels of oxidative stress. In addition, increased urinary and plasma levels
of vitamins and antioxidants were identified, suggesting enhanced
bioavailability due to discontinuation of cigarette smoking and switching to
Vuse ENDS use. Conclusions Our results suggest reduced toxicant exposure, reduced oxidative stress, and
potential beneficial changes in vitamin metabolism within 5 days in smokers
switching to Vuse ENDS. Implications Switching from smoking to exclusive ENDS use in clinical confinement settings
results in significant reduction of nicotine metabolites and other
cigarette-related xenobiotics in urine and plasma of subjects. Significantly
decreased oxidative stress-related metabolites and increased urinary and
plasma levels of vitamin metabolites and antioxidants in 5-day short-term
ENDS switchers suggest less toxic physiological environment for consumers of
ENDS products and potential health benefits if such changes persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC
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Gillenwater LA, Kechris KJ, Pratte KA, Reisdorph N, Petrache I, Labaki WW, O’Neal W, Krishnan JA, Ortega VE, DeMeo DL, Bowler RP. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Sex Specific Associations with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Emphysema. Metabolites 2021; 11:161. [PMID: 33799786 PMCID: PMC7999201 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility and progression of lung disease, as well as response to treatment, often differ by sex, yet the metabolic mechanisms driving these sex-specific differences are still poorly understood. Women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have less emphysema and more small airway disease on average than men, though these differences become less pronounced with more severe airflow limitation. While small studies of targeted metabolites have identified compounds differing by sex and COPD status, the sex-specific effect of COPD on systemic metabolism has yet to be interrogated. Significant sex differences were observed in 9 of the 11 modules identified in COPDGene. Sex-specific associations by COPD status and emphysema were observed in 3 modules for each phenotype. Sex stratified individual metabolite associations with COPD demonstrated male-specific associations in sphingomyelins and female-specific associations in acyl carnitines and phosphatidylethanolamines. There was high preservation of module assignments in SPIROMICS (SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study) and similar female-specific shift in acyl carnitines. Several COPD associated metabolites differed by sex. Acyl carnitines and sphingomyelins demonstrate sex-specific abundances and may represent important metabolic signatures of sex differences in COPD. Accurately characterizing the sex-specific molecular differences in COPD is vital for personalized diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Gillenwater
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Katerina J. Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Katherine A. Pratte
- Division of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (K.A.P.); (I.P.); (R.P.B.)
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (K.A.P.); (I.P.); (R.P.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wassim W. Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Wanda O’Neal
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jerry A. Krishnan
- Breathe Chicago Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA;
| | - Victor E. Ortega
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russell P. Bowler
- Division of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (K.A.P.); (I.P.); (R.P.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Aguilar MA, McGuigan J. Semi-automated NMR Pipeline for Environmental Exposures: New Insights on the Metabolomics of Smokers versus Non-smokers. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2021; 26:316-327. [PMID: 33691028 PMCID: PMC8900656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure pathophysiology related to smoking can yield metabolic changes that are difficult to describe in a biologically informative fashion with manual proprietary software. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy detects compounds found in biofluids yielding a metabolic snapshot. We applied our semi-automated NMR pipeline for a secondary analysis of a smoking study (MTBLS374 from the MetaboLights repository) (n = 112). This involved quality control (in the form of data preprocessing), automated metabolite quantification, and analysis. With our approach we putatively identified 79 metabolites that were previously unreported in the dataset. Quantified metabolites were used for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis that replicated 1 enriched pathway with the original study as well as 3 previously unreported pathways. Our pipeline generated a new random forest (RF) classifier between smoking classes that revealed several combinations of compounds. This study broadens our metabolomic understanding of smoking exposure by 1) notably increasing the number of quantified metabolites with our analytic pipeline, 2) suggesting smoking exposure may lead to heterogenous metabolic responses according to random forest modeling, and 3) modeling how newly quantified individual metabolites can determine smoking status. Our approach can be applied to other NMR studies to characterize environmental risk factors, allowing for the discovery of new biomarkers of disease and exposure status.
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Differences in biomarkers of inflammation and immune responses in chronic smokers and moist snuff users. Cytokine 2020; 137:155299. [PMID: 33011400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and other diseases. While smoking induces chronic inflammation and aberrant immune responses, the effects of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) on immune responses is less clear. Here we evaluated markers related to immune regulation in smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC) to better understand the effects of chronic tobacco use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several markers associated with immune regulation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SMK (n = 40), MSC (n = 40), and NTC (n = 40) by flow cytometry. RESULTS Relative to NTC, seven markers were significantly suppressed in SMK, whereas in MSC, only one marker was significantly suppressed. In a logistic regression model, markers including granzyme B+ lymphocytes, perforin+ lymphocytes, granzyme B+ CD8+T cells, and KLRB1+ CD8+ T cells remained as statistically significant predictors for classifying the three cohorts. Further, cell-surface receptor signaling pathways and cell-cell signaling processes were downregulated in SMK relative to MSC; chemotaxis and LPS-mediated signaling pathways, were upregulated in SMK compared to MSC. A network of the tested markers was constructed to visualize the immunosuppression in SMK relative to MSC. CONCLUSION Moist snuff consumption is associated with significantly fewer perturbations in inflammation and immune function biomarkers relative to smoking. IMPACT This work identifies several key immunological biomarkers that differentiate the effects of chronic smoking from the use of moist snuff. Additionally, a molecular basis for aberrant immune responses that could render smokers more susceptible for infections and cancer is provided.
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Protective Effect of Ocotillol, the Derivate of Ocotillol-Type Saponins in Panax Genus, against Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072577. [PMID: 32276345 PMCID: PMC7177626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Finding a natural drug with a gastroprotective effect is needed. Ocotillol, the derivate of ocotillol-type saponins in the Panax genus, possesses good anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of ocotillol on acetic acid-induced GU rats. The serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), the gastric mucosa levels of epidermal growth factor, superoxide dismutase and NO were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa for pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, epidermal growth factor receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways were identified. The study helps us to understand the pathogenesis of GU and to provide a potential natural anti-ulcer agent.
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