1
|
Huang X, Yuan Sun MM, Zhang XY. Prevalence and clinical correlates of abnormal lipid metabolism in older Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:534. [PMID: 39054520 PMCID: PMC11270971 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older major depressive disorder (MDD) patients have more complex clinical symptoms and higher abnormal lipid metabolism (ALM) rates. This study aimed to compare clinical differences between those with and without ALM in a sample of older first-episode drug naïve (FEDN) patients. METHODS We recruited 266 older MDD patients. Socio-demographic variables, clinical data, and lipid parameters were obtained. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-P) were conducted to evaluate patients' depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms, respectively. RESULTS In this study, we found that the prevalence of comorbid ALM was 86.1% in older MDD patients. Compared with the non-abnormal lipid metabolism (NALM) group, the ALM group had a higher duration of illness, higher clinical global impression of severity scale (CGI-S) and HAMD scores, higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and glucose levels. Logistic regression analysis indicated that duration of illness (OR = 1.11, P = 0.023, 95%CI = 1.015-1.216) and CGI-S score (OR = 2.28, P = 0.014, 95%CI = 1.18-4.39) were associated with ALM in older MDD patients. CONCLUSION The importance of regular lipid assessment in older MDD patients needs to be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chaoyang Distinct, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - M M Yuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Hefei Fourth People's Hospital; Anhui Mental Health Center, 316 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qu Z, Zheng Y, Wu S, Bing Y, Sun Z, Zhu S, Li W, Zou X. Two Omics Methods Expose Anti-Depression Mechanism of Raw and Vinegar-Baked Bupleurum Scorzonerifolium Willd. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301733. [PMID: 38217462 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd. (BS) and its vinegar-baked product (VBS) has been frequently utilized for depression management in clinical Chinese medicine. This paper aims to elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of BS and VBS from the perspectives of metabonomics and gut microbiota. A rat model of depression was established by CUMS combined with feeding alone to evaluate the antidepressant effects of BS and VBS. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing of rat feces were applied and the correlation of differential metabolic markers and intestinal floras was analyzed. The result revealed that BS and VBS significantly improved depression-like behaviors and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in CUMS rats. There were 27 differential endogenous metabolites between CUMS and normal rats, which were involved in 8 metabolic pathways. Whereas, BS and VBS could regulate 18 and 20 metabolites respectively, wherein fifteen of them were shared metabolites. On the genus level, BS and VBS could regulate twenty-five kinds of intestinal floras in CUMS rats, that is, they increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria. In conclusion, both BS and VBS exert excellent antidepressant effects by regulating various metabolic pathways and ameliorating intestinal microflora dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yifan Bing
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shiru Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Ha Er Bin Shi, 150076, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Ha Er Bin Shi, 150076, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halvorson BD, Bao Y, Singh KK, Frisbee SJ, Hachinski V, Whitehead SN, Melling CWJ, Chantler PD, Goldman D, Frisbee JC. Thromboxane-induced cerebral microvascular rarefaction predicts depressive symptom emergence in metabolic disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:122-140. [PMID: 37969083 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the loss of microvessel density in the peripheral circulation with evolving metabolic disease severity represents a significant contributor to impaired skeletal muscle oxygenation and fatigue-resistance. Based on this and our recent work, we hypothesized that cerebral microvascular rarefaction was initiated from the increased prooxidant and proinflammatory environment with metabolic disease and is predictive of the severity of the emergence of depressive symptoms in obese Zucker rats (OZRs). In male OZR, cerebrovascular rarefaction followed the emergence of elevated oxidant and inflammatory environments characterized by increased vascular production of thromboxane A2 (TxA2). The subsequent emergence of depressive symptoms in OZR was associated with the timing and severity of the rarefaction. Chronic intervention with antioxidant (TEMPOL) or anti-inflammation (pentoxifylline) therapy blunted the severity of rarefaction and depressive symptoms, although the effectiveness was limited. Blockade of TxA2 production (dazmegrel) or action (SQ-29548) resulted in a stronger therapeutic effect, suggesting that vascular production and action represent a significant contributor to rarefaction and the emergence of depressive symptoms with chronic metabolic disease (although other pathways clearly contribute as well). A de novo biosimulation of cerebrovascular oxygenation in the face of progressive rarefaction demonstrates the increased probability of generating hypoxic regions within the microvascular networks, which could contribute to impaired neuronal metabolism and the emergence of depressive symptoms. The results of the present study also implicate the potential importance of aggressive prodromic intervention in reducing the severity of chronic complications arising from metabolic disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY With clinical studies linking vascular disease risk to depressive symptom emergence, we used obese Zucker rats, a model of chronic metabolic disease, to identify potential mechanistic links between these two negative outcomes. Depressive symptom severity correlated with the extent of cerebrovascular rarefaction, after increased vascular oxidant stress/inflammation and TxA2 production. Anti-TxA2 interventions prevasculopathy blunted rarefaction and depressive symptoms, while biosimulation indicated that cerebrovascular rarefaction increased hypoxia within capillary networks as a potential contributing mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brayden D Halvorson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C W James Melling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Rol MA. Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction: Implications for Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 38247459 PMCID: PMC10812647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been proposed as an alternative source of melatonin, suggesting that this antioxidant indoleamine could act as a sort of messenger between the gut microbiota and the host. This review analyses the available scientific literature about possible mechanisms involved in this mediating role, highlighting its antioxidant effects and influence on this interaction. In addition, we also review the available knowledge on the effects of melatonin on gut microbiota composition, as well as its ability to alleviate dysbiosis related to sleep deprivation or chronodisruptive conditions. The melatonin-gut microbiota relationship has also been discussed in terms of its role in the development of different disorders, from inflammatory or metabolic disorders to psychiatric and neurological conditions, also considering oxidative stress and the reactive oxygen species-scavenging properties of melatonin as the main factors mediating this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akwu NA, Lekhooa M, Deqiang D, Aremu AO. Antidepressant effects of coumarins and their derivatives: A critical analysis of research advances. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175958. [PMID: 37543158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins and their derivatives are non-flavonoids polyphenols with diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depressant effects. This study systematically examines the antidepressant effects of coumarins and their derivatives in relation to time series of research progress in the pharmacological pathways, association with other diseases, toxicity and bibliometric analysis. The review was approached using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) coupled with R package involving Biblioshiny, a web interface for Bibliometrix analysis and VOSviewer software analytic tools. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from the inception through January 21, 2023. Coumarins, depression, coumarin derivatives and treatment were the main search terms used which resulted in the inclusion of 46 eligible publications. Scopoletin, psoralen, 7-hydroxycoumarin, meranzin hydrate, osthole, esculetin/umbelliferone were the most studied coumarins with antidepressant effects. Coumarins and their derivatives exerted antidepressant effects with a stronger affinity for monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition and, their inhibitory effect via neurotransmitter pathway on MAO is well-studied. However, epigenetic modification, neuroendocrine, neurotrophic pathways are understudied. Recent research focuses on their antidepressant effects which targeted cytokines and fibromyalgia. There is a link between the gut microbiome, the brain, and depression; meranzin hydrate exerts an antidepressant activity by remodelling the gastrointestinal system. We established that empirical data on some coumarins and their derivatives to support their antidepressant effects are limited. Likewise, the safe dose range for several coumarins and their derivatives is yet to be fully determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Augustina Akwu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790, South Africa; Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Makhotso Lekhooa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Dou Deqiang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life one Road, DD port, Dalian Economic and Technical Development Zone, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sridhar GR, Lakshmi G. Editorial: Diabetes and depression. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1221640. [PMID: 37435572 PMCID: PMC10332312 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1221640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Sridhar
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - G. Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology, Visakhapatnam, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borovcanin MM, Vesic K, Petrovic I, Jovanovic IP, Mijailović NR. Diabetes mellitus type 2 as an underlying, comorbid or consequent state of mental disorders. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:481-493. [PMID: 37273248 PMCID: PMC10236997 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic disturbances that occur in parallel with psychiatric diseases are a major challenge in clinical practice. Various factors contribute to the development of mental and somatic disorders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes in adults is increasing. The comorbidity of diabetes and mental disorders is very common. By sharing a bidirectional link, both T2DM and mental disorders influence each other in various manners, but the exact mechanisms underlying this link are not yet elucidated. The potential mechanisms of both mental disorders and T2DM are related to immune and inflammatory system dysfunction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. Moreover, diabetes is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction that can range from subtle diabetes-associated cognitive decline to pre-dementia and dementia. A complex re-lationship between the gut and the brain also represents a new therapeutic approach since gut-brain signalling pathways regulate food intake and hepatic glucose production. The aim of this minireview is to summarize and present the latest data on mutual pathogenic pathways in these disorders, emphasizing their complexity and interweaving. We also focused on the cognitive performances and changes in neurodegenerative disorders. The importance of implementing integrated approaches in treating both of these states is highlighted, along with the need for individual therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivica Petrovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nataša R Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen YH, Wang HN, Lang XE, Zhang XY. Prevalence and clinical correlates of abnormal glucose metabolism in young, first- episode and medication-naïve outpatients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2023; 325:115250. [PMID: 37207542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The high co-morbidity of abnormal glucose metabolism in depressed patients has been extensively studied, but few studies have explored abnormal glucose metabolism in young patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to examine the prevalence and clinical correlates of abnormal glucose metabolism in young patients with first-episode medication-naïve (FEMN) MDD. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1289 young Chinese outpatients with FEMN MDD. All subjects were assessed on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and their sociodemographic information was collected, and blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid and thyroid hormone levels were measured. RESULTS The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism was 12.57% in young FEMN MDD outpatients. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and HAMA scale scores were associated with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with FEMN MDD (P<0.05), and TSH could differentiate patients with abnormal normal glucose metabolism from those without abnormal glucose metabolism (Area Under Curve of 0.774). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a high prevalence of comorbid glucose metabolism abnormalities in young FEMN MDD outpatients. TSH may be a promising biomarker of abnormal glucose metabolism in young patients with FEMN MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pharmacological, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying the Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113551. [PMID: 35684488 PMCID: PMC9182416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from plants, such as Passiflora coerulea, Passiflora incarnata, and Matricaria chamomilla. This natural molecule exerts diverse pharmacological effects, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects. Additionally, in brain structures, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, raphe nucleus, and striatum, involved in the physiopathology of anxiety and depression disorders, several neuropharmacological activities, including the activation of neurotransmitter systems (GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic), neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the nerve growth factor, and some signaling pathways are affected. The results showed that the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of chrysin occurs through its interaction with specific neurotransmitter systems, principally the GABAergic and the serotonergic, and activation of other neurotrophic factors. However, it is not possible to discard the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of chrysin while producing its anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Although these results have been obtained principally from pre-clinical research, they consistently demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of flavonoid chrysin as an anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Therefore, this flavonoid could be considered as a promising novel therapy for anxiety and depression disorders.
Collapse
|