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Prithviraj M, Kado T, Mayfield JA, Young DC, Huang AD, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Siegrist MS, Moody DB, Morita YS. Tuberculostearic Acid Controls Mycobacterial Membrane Compartmentalization. mBio 2023; 14:e0339622. [PMID: 36976029 PMCID: PMC10127668 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03396-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular membrane domain (IMD) is a laterally discrete region of the mycobacterial plasma membrane, enriched in the subpolar region of the rod-shaped cell. Here, we report genome-wide transposon sequencing to discover the controllers of membrane compartmentalization in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The putative gene cfa showed the most significant effect on recovery from membrane compartment disruption by dibucaine. Enzymatic analysis of Cfa and lipidomic analysis of a cfa deletion mutant (Δcfa) demonstrated that Cfa is an essential methyltransferase for the synthesis of major membrane phospholipids containing a C19:0 monomethyl-branched stearic acid, also known as tuberculostearic acid (TBSA). TBSA has been intensively studied due to its abundant and genus-specific production in mycobacteria, but its biosynthetic enzymes had remained elusive. Cfa catalyzed the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase reaction using oleic acid-containing lipid as a substrate, and Δcfa accumulated C18:1 oleic acid, suggesting that Cfa commits oleic acid to TBSA biosynthesis, likely contributing directly to lateral membrane partitioning. Consistent with this model, Δcfa displayed delayed restoration of subpolar IMD and delayed outgrowth after bacteriostatic dibucaine treatment. These results reveal the physiological significance of TBSA in controlling lateral membrane partitioning in mycobacteria. IMPORTANCE As its common name implies, tuberculostearic acid is an abundant and genus-specific branched-chain fatty acid in mycobacterial membranes. This fatty acid, 10-methyl octadecanoic acid, has been an intense focus of research, particularly as a diagnostic marker for tuberculosis. It was discovered in 1934, and yet the enzymes that mediate the biosynthesis of this fatty acid and the functions of this unusual fatty acid in cells have remained elusive. Through a genome-wide transposon sequencing screen, enzyme assay, and global lipidomic analysis, we show that Cfa is the long-sought enzyme that is specifically involved in the first step of generating tuberculostearic acid. By characterizing a cfa deletion mutant, we further demonstrate that tuberculostearic acid actively regulates lateral membrane heterogeneity in mycobacteria. These findings indicate the role of branched fatty acids in controlling the functions of the plasma membrane, a critical barrier for the pathogen to survive in its human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika Prithviraj
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob A. Mayfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C. Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annie D. Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasu S. Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Brandenburg J, Heyckendorf J, Marwitz F, Zehethofer N, Linnemann L, Gisch N, Karaköse H, Reimann M, Kranzer K, Kalsdorf B, Sanchez-Carballo P, Weinkauf M, Scholz V, Malm S, Homolka S, Gaede KI, Herzmann C, Schaible UE, Hölscher C, Reiling N, Schwudke D. Tuberculostearic Acid-Containing Phosphatidylinositols as Markers of Bacterial Burden in Tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1303-1315. [PMID: 35763439 PMCID: PMC9274766 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
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One-fourth of the
global human population is estimated to be infected
with strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Using
lipidomic approaches, we show that tuberculostearic acid (TSA)-containing
phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are molecular markers for infection with
clinically relevant MTBC strains and signify bacterial burden. For
the most abundant lipid marker, detection limits of ∼102 colony forming units (CFUs) and ∼103 CFUs
for bacterial and cell culture systems were determined, respectively.
We developed a targeted lipid assay, which can be performed within
a day including sample preparation—roughly 30-fold faster than
in conventional methods based on bacterial culture. This indirect
and culture-free detection approach allowed us to determine pathogen
loads in infected murine macrophages, human neutrophils, and murine
lung tissue. These marker lipids inferred from mycobacterial PIs were
found in higher levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TB
patients compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, in a small cohort
of drug-susceptible TB patients, elevated levels of these molecular
markers were detected at the start of therapy and declined upon successful
anti-TB treatment. Thus, the concentration of TSA-containing PIs can
be used as a correlate for the mycobacterial burden in experimental
models and in vitro systems and may prospectively also provide a clinically
relevant tool to monitor TB severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Brandenburg
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Marwitz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicole Zehethofer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Lara Linnemann
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Hande Karaköse
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Maja Reimann
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Kranzer
- National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Barbara Kalsdorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Patricia Sanchez-Carballo
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Weinkauf
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Verena Scholz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Sven Malm
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Homolka
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karoline I Gaede
- BioMaterialBank Nord, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Herzmann
- Center for Clinical Studies, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,Division of Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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Beccaria M, Franchina FA, Nasir M, Mellors T, Hill JE, Purcaro G. Investigation of mycobacteria fatty acid profile using different ionization energies in GC–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7987-7996. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wen ZT, Scott-Anne K, Liao S, De A, Luo M, Kovacs C, Narvaez BS, Faustoferri R, Yu Q, Taylor CM, Quivey RG. Deficiency of BrpA in Streptococcus mutans reduces virulence in rat caries model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:353-363. [PMID: 29888871 PMCID: PMC6158100 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that BrpA in Streptococcus mutans plays a critical role in cell envelope biogenesis, stress responses, and biofilm formation. In this study, a 10-species consortium was used to assess how BrpA deficiency influences the establishment, persistence, and competitiveness of S. mutans during growth in a community under conditions typical of the oral cavity. Results showed that, like the wild-type, the brpA mutant was able to colonize and establish on the surfaces tested. Relative to the wild-type, however, the brpA mutant had a reduced ability to persist and grow in the 10-species consortium (P < .001). A rat caries model was also used to examine the effect of BrpA, as well as Psr, a BrpA paralog, on S. mutans cariogenicity. The results showed no major differences in infectivity between the wild-type and the brpA and psr mutants. Unlike the wild-type, however, infection with the brpA mutant, but not the psr mutant, showed no significant differences in both total numbers of carious lesions and caries severity, compared with the control group that received bacterial growth medium (P > .05). Metagenomic and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that S. mutans infection caused major alterations in the composition of the rats' plaque microbiota and that significantly less S. mutans was identified in the rats infected with the brpA mutant compared with those infected with the wild-type and the psr mutant. These results further suggest that BrpA plays a critical role in S. mutans pathophysiology and that BrpA has potential as a therapeutic target in the modulation of S. mutans virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhang T. Wen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Center of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kathy Scott-Anne
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Sumei Liao
- Center of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Arpan De
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher Kovacs
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Roberta Faustoferri
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Robert G. Quivey
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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5
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Alonso-Hearn M, Abendaño N, Ruvira MA, Aznar R, Landin M, Juste RA. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) Fatty Acids Profile Is Strain-Dependent and Changes Upon Host Macrophages Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:89. [PMID: 28377904 PMCID: PMC5359295 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). We previously demonstrated that Map isolates from sheep persisted within host macrophages in lower CFUs than cattle isolates after 7 days of infection. In the current study, we hypothesize that these phenotypic differences between Map isolates may be driven be the fatty acids (FAs) present on the phosphadidyl-1-myo-inositol mannosides of the Map cell wall that mediate recognition by the mannose receptors of host macrophages. FAs modifications may influence Map's envelope fluidity ultimately affecting pathogenicity. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the responses of two Map isolates from cattle (K10 isolate) and sheep (2349/06-1) to the bovine and ovine macrophage environment by measuring the FAs content of extracellular and intracellular bacteria. For this purpose, macrophages cell lines of bovine (BOMAC) and ovine (MOCL-4) origin were infected with the two isolates of Map for 4 days at 37°C. The relative FAs composition of the two isolates recovered from infected BOMAC and MOCL-4 cells was determined by gas chromatography and compared with that of extracellular bacteria and that of bacteria grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium. Using this approach, we demonstrated that the FAs composition of extracellular and 7H9-grown bacteria was highly conserved within each Map isolate, and statistically different from that of intracellular bacteria. Analysis of FAs composition from extracellular bacteria enabled the distinction of the two Map strains based on the presence of the tuberculostearic acid (18:0 10Me) exclusively in the K10 strain of Map. In addition, significant differences in the content of Palmitic acid and cis-7 Palmitoleic acid between both isolates harvested from the extracellular environment were observed. Once the infection established itself in BOMAC and MOCL-4 cells, the FAs profiles of both Map isolates appeared conserved. Our results suggest that the FAs composition of Map might influence its recognition by macrophages and influence the survival of the bacillus within host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Technological Park of Bizkaia Derio, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Technological Park of Bizkaia Derio, Spain
| | - Maria A Ruvira
- Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Parc Científic Universitat de València Paterna, Spain
| | - Rosa Aznar
- Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Parc Científic Universitat de València Paterna, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Technological Park of BizkaiaDerio, Spain; Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Agri-Food Research and Development Regional ServiceVillaviciosa, Spain
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6
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Fykse EM, Tjärnhage T, Humppi T, Eggen VS, Ingebretsen A, Skogan G, Olofsson G, Wästerby P, Gradmark PÅ, Larsson A, Dybwad M, Blatny JM. Identification of airborne bacteria by 16S rDNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS and the MIDI microbial identification system. AEROBIOLOGIA 2015; 31:271-281. [PMID: 32214629 PMCID: PMC7087874 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-015-9363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to collect and identify airborne bacteria in Norway, Sweden and Finland and to compare three different technologies for identifying collected airborne bacterial isolates: the "gold standard" method 16S rDNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS using the MALDI Biotyper 2.0 and the MIDI Sherlock® Microbial Identification System (MIDI MIS system). Airborne bacteria were collected during three different periods from May to October 2009 using air sampling directly on agar plates. A total of 140 isolates were collected during three sampling campaigns, and 74 % (103) of these isolates were analyzed by all three methods. The dominant genera in Norway and Finland were the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus and Staphylococcus, whereas the gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter was the dominant genus in Sweden. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS and MIDI MIS analysis, 83, 79 and 75 %, respectively, of the isolates were identified and assigned to order or higher taxonomic levels. In this study, the MALDI-TOF MS combining with the MALDI Biotyper 2.0 classification tool was demonstrated to be a fast and reliable alternative for identifying the airborne bacterial isolates. These studies have increased knowledge about the airborne bacterial background in outdoor air, which can be useful for evaluating and improving the operational performance of biological detectors in various environments. To our knowledge, this is the first time that 16S rDNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS and MIDI MIS analysis technologies have been compared for their efficiency in identifying airborne bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Fykse
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Tarmo Humppi
- Defence Forces Technical Research Centre, CBRN Defence (PvTT), Lakiala, Finland
| | - Vilde Sørvik Eggen
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Gunnar Skogan
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Pär Wästerby
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marius Dybwad
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Janet Martha Blatny
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
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7
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Velayati AA, Rahideh S, Nezhad ZD, Farnia P, Mirsaeidi M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Middle East: Current situation and future challenges. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:7-17. [PMID: 26655192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of bacterial species that are distributed in the environment. Many of these environmental bacteria can cause disease in humans. The identification of NTM in environmental sources is important for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. In this study, the distribution of NTM species from environmental and clinical samples in the Middle East was reviewed. In order to provide an overview of NTM, as well as recent epidemiological trends, all studies addressing NTM in the Middle East from 1984 to 2014 were reviewed. A total of 96 articles were found, in which 1751 NTM strains were isolated and 1084 of which were obtained from clinical samples, 619 from environmental samples and 48 were cited by case reports. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most common rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) isolated from both clinical (269 out of 447 RGM; 60.1%) and environmental (135 out of 289 RGM; 46.7%) samples. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most common slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolated from clinical samples (140 out of 637 SGM; 21.9%). An increasing trend in NTM isolation from the Middle East was noted over the last 5years. This review demonstrates the increasing concern regarding NTM disease in the Middle East, emphasizing the need for regional collaboration and coordination in order to respond appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Rahideh
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshani Nezhad
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Discrimination of multi-origin chinese herbal medicines using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based fatty acid profiling. Molecules 2013; 18:15329-43. [PMID: 24335614 PMCID: PMC6269696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-origin Chinese herbal medicines, with herbs originating from more than one species of plants, is a common phenomenon but an important issue in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). In the present study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based fatty acid profiling approach to rapidly discriminate multi-origin Chinese medicines in terms of species and medicinal parts was proposed and validated using tuberous roots (Curcumae Radix) and rhizomes (Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) derived from four Curcuma species (e.g., C. wenyujin, C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. longa) as models. Both type and content of fatty acids varied among different species of either tuberous roots or rhizomes, indicating each species has its own fatty acid pattern. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) based on dataset of global fatty acid profiling showed that either tuberous roots or rhizomes samples could be clearly classified into four clusters according to their species. Furthermore, those tested samples could also be discriminated in terms of their medicinal parts (e.g., tuberous root and rhizome). Our findings suggest that the proposed GC-MS-based fatty acid profiling followed by multivariate statistical analysis provides a reliable platform to discriminate multi-origin Chinese herbal medicines according to species and medicinal parts, which will be helpful for ensuring their quality, safety and efficacy.
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9
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Xu M, Wang J, Mou H. Fatty acid profiles ofVibrio parahaemolyticusand its changes with environment. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 55:112-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
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10
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Fatty acid variability in three medicinal herbs of Panax species. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:12. [PMID: 23336351 PMCID: PMC3558370 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid profiling has been widely used in the bacteria species identification, we hypothesized that fatty acid characteristics might discriminate the Panax herbs according to species. To test the hypothesis, fatty acids of Panax species, including Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolius, were characterized and compared using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Results The content of investigated 11 fatty acids, including myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidic acid and eicosadienoic acid, obviously varied among three species, suggesting each species has its own fatty acid pattern. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis according to the absolute and relative contents of fatty acids, showed that 30 tested samples could be clearly differentiated according to the species. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that GC-MS-based fatty acid profiling coupled with multivariate statistical analysis provides reliable platform to classify these three Panax species, which is helpful for ensuring their safety and efficacy.
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11
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Saini V, Raghuvanshi S, Talwar GP, Ahmed N, Khurana JP, Hasnain SE, Tyagi AK, Tyagi AK. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis establishes Mycobacterium indicus pranii as a distinct species. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6263. [PMID: 19606228 PMCID: PMC2707620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), popularly known as Mw, is a cultivable, non-pathogenic organism, which, based on its growth and metabolic properties, is classified in Runyon Group IV along with M. fortuitum, M. smegmatis and M. vaccae. The novelty of this bacterium was accredited to its immunological ability to undergo antigen driven blast transformation of leukocytes and delayed hypersensitivity skin test in leprosy patients, a disease endemic in the Indian sub-continent. Consequently, MIP has been extensively evaluated for its biochemical and immunological properties leading to its usage as an immunomodulator in leprosy and tuberculosis patients. However, owing to advances in sequencing and culture techniques, the citing of new strains with almost 100% similarity in the sequences of marker genes like 16S rRNA, has compromised the identity of MIP as a novel species. Hence, to define its precise taxonomic position, we have carried out polyphasic taxonomic studies on MIP that integrate its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic attributes. Methodology/Principal Findings The comparative analysis of 16S rRNA sequence of MIP by using BLAST algorithm at NCBI (nr database) revealed a similarity of ≥99% with M. intracellulare, M. arosiense, M. chimaera, M. seoulense, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. bohemicum. Further analysis with other widely used markers like rpoB and hsp65 could resolve the phylogenetic relationship between MIP and other closely related mycobacteria apart from M. intracellulare and M. chimaera, which shares ≥99% similarity with corresponding MIP orthologues. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on the concatenation of candidate orthologues of 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB, also substantiated its distinctiveness from all the related organisms used in the analysis excluding M. intracellulare and M. chimaera with which it exhibited a close proximity. This necessitated further analysis of MIP with more sensitive and segregating parameters to ascertain its precise taxonomic position as a new species. The analysis of MIP and its comparison with other mycobacterial reference strains based on cellular and biochemical features, growth characteristics and chemotaxonomic studies like FAME profiling confirmed that MIP is uniquely endowed with diverse metabolic attributes that effectively distinguishes it from all the closely related mycobacteria including M. intracellulare and M. chimaera. Conclusion The results presented in this study coupled with the non-pathogenic nature and different biochemical and immunomodulatory properties of MIP affirm it as a distinct species belonging to M. avium complex (MAC). It is further proposed to use an earlier suggested name Mycobacterium indicus pranii for this newly established mycobacterial species. This study also exemplifies the growing need for a uniform, consensus based broader polyphasic frame work for the purpose of taxonomy and speciation, particularly in the genus Mycobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitendra P. Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E. Hasnain
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh K. Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Analysis of fatty acids in sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry preceded by solid-phase microextraction and post-derivatization on the fiber. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1450-7. [PMID: 19171347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and post-derivatization on the fiber coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the analysis of fatty acids in sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The sputum specimens were digested, hydrolyzed, extracted, derivertized, injected and analyzed without cultivation or isolation of the microorganism. Under optimized conditions, the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=5) for all analytes were below 17% and the limits of detection varied from 1.68 (C(24:0)) to 150.4 microg L(-1) (C(12:0)). Good linearity was observed for all the fatty acids studied except for C(12:0) within a wide concentration range of three orders of magnitudes with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.91 (C(24:0)) to 0.99 (C(14:0)). Fatty acids in sputum specimens from 21 persons were directly analyzed using the proposed method. The results show that in all the sputum specimens from patients, who were clinically diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB), tuberculosis stearic acid (TBSA) was detected, while in all the sputum samples from persons without TB, TBSA was not found. The possibility of using the proposed method to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) via the identification of TBSA in sputum was discussed. The comparison with other methods including sputum culture and microscopy of direct smears indicated that the proposed method is fast and sensitive for the analysis of fatty acids in sputum and offers an alternative for the detection of MTB in sputum.
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Mosca A, Russo F, Miragliotta L, Iodice MA, Miragliotta G. Utility of gas chromatography for rapid identification of mycobacterial species frequently encountered in clinical laboratory. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 68:392-5. [PMID: 17098312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years, the clinical importance of mycobacteria has been raised. In this regard, it is important their identification in order to establish either the clinical significance or the appropriate therapy of the disease. Biochemical tests are usually time consuming until the report of results, that is why more rapid techniques are needed. As an alternative identification method, we have used a commercially available system for microbial identification based on whole cellular fatty acids analysis using gas-chromatography (GC). Sixty-eight strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were clearly identified by their unique fatty acid profile using the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS). The results were in agreement with those obtained with traditional methods. This method is highly automated, rapid, easy to perform with a sample preparation for lipid analysis which is neither time consuming nor requiring a particular expertise. On this basis the MIS-GC method for the identification of some clinically important mycobacteria appears to be suitable for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mosca
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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