1
|
Liang JX, Ampuero J, Niu H, Imajo K, Noureddin M, Behari J, Lee DH, Ehman RL, Rorsman F, Vessby J, Lacalle JR, Mózes FE, Pavlides M, Anstee QM, Harrison SA, Castell J, Loomba R, Romero-Gómez M. An individual patient data meta-analysis to determine cut-offs for and confounders of NAFLD-fibrosis staging with magnetic resonance elastography. J Hepatol 2023; 79:592-604. [PMID: 37121437 PMCID: PMC10623141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis to establish stiffness cut-off values for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in staging liver fibrosis and to assess potential confounding factors. METHODS A systematic review of the literature identified studies reporting MRE data in patients with NAFLD. Data were obtained from the corresponding authors. The pooled diagnostic cut-off value for the various fibrosis stages was determined in a two-stage meta-analysis. Multilevel modelling methods were used to analyse potential confounding factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy of MRE in staging liver fibrosis. RESULTS Eight independent cohorts comprising 798 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for MRE in detecting significant fibrosis was 0.92 (sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 89%). For advanced fibrosis, the AUROC was 0.92 (sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 88%). For cirrhosis, the AUROC was 0.94 (sensitivity, 88%, specificity, 89%). Cut-offs were defined to explore concordance between MRE and histopathology: ≥F2, 3.14 kPa (pretest probability, 39.4%); ≥F3, 3.53 kPa (pretest probability, 24.1%); and F4, 4.45 kPa (pretest probability, 8.7%). In generalized linear mixed model analysis, histological steatohepatitis with higher inflammatory activity (odds ratio 2.448, 95% CI 1.180-5.079, p <0.05) and high gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentration (>120U/L) (odds ratio 3.388, 95% CI 1.577-7.278, p <0.01] were significantly associated with elevated liver stiffness, and thus affecting accuracy in staging early fibrosis (F0-F1). Steatosis, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, and body mass index(BMI) were not confounders. CONCLUSIONS MRE has excellent diagnostic performance for significant, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD. Elevated inflammatory activity and GGT level may lead to overestimation of early liver fibrosis, but anthropometric measures such as BMI or the degree of steatosis do not. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS This individual patient data meta-analysis of eight international cohorts, including 798 patients, demonstrated that MRE achieves excellent diagnostic accuracy for significant, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD. Cut-off values (significant fibrosis, 3.14 kPa; advanced fibrosis, 3.53 kPa; and cirrhosis, 4.45 kPa) were established. Elevated inflammatory activity and gamma-glutamyltransferase level may affect the diagnostic accuracy of MRE, leading to overestimation of liver fibrosis in early stages. We observed no impact of diabetes, obesity, or any other metabolic disorder on the diagnostic accuracy of MRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Liang
- Digestive Diseases Unit and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Digestive Diseases Unit and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Hao Niu
- Digestive System and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform-IBIMA (Plataforma BIONAND), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Fatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Comprehensive Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Liver Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine (Gachon University Gil Medical Center), Incheon, South Korea
| | - Richard L Ehman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fredrik Rorsman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Vessby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan R Lacalle
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ferenc E Mózes
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Pavlides
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Javier Castell
- Department of Radiology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Digestive Diseases Unit and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Memaj P, Ouzerara Z, Jornayvaz FR. Role of Oxidative Stress and Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11271. [PMID: 37511031 PMCID: PMC10379080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a widely studied subject due to its increasing prevalence and links to diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has severe complications, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and portal hypertension that can lead to liver transplantation in some cases. To better prevent and treat this pathology, it is important to understand its underlying physiology. Here, we identify two main factors that play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD: oxidative stress and the key role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). We discuss the pathophysiology linking these factors to NAFLD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Plator Memaj
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zayd Ouzerara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miao H, Cui Z, Guo Z, Chen Q, Su W, Sun Y, Sun M, Ma X, Ding R. IDENTIFICATION OF SUBPHENOTYPES OF SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED LIVER DYSFUNCTION USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS. Shock 2023; 59:368-374. [PMID: 36562264 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: We attempted to identify and validate the subphenotypes of sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) using routine clinical information. Design: This article is a retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Patients: We included adult patients (age ≥18 years) who developed SALD within the first 48 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We excluded patients who died or were discharged from the ICU within the first 48 hours of admission. Patients with abnormal liver function before ICU admission were also excluded. Measurements and Main Results: Patients in the MIMIC-IV 1.0 database served as a derivation cohort. Patients in the eICU database were used as validation cohort. We identified four subphenotypes of SALD (subphenotype α, β, γ, δ) using K-means cluster analysis in 5234 patients in derivation cohort. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between the phenotypes using one-way analysis of variance/Kruskal-Wallis test and the χ 2 test. Moreover, we used line charts to illustrate the trend of liver function parameters over 14 days after ICU admission. Subphenotype α (n = 1,055) was the most severe cluster, characterized by shock with multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) group. Subphenotype β (n = 1,179) had the highest median bilirubin level and the highest proportion of patients with underlying liver disease and coexisting coagulopathy (increased bilirubin group). Subphenotype γ (n = 1,661) was the cluster with the highest mean age and had the highest proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (aged group). Subphenotype δ (n = 1,683) had the lowest 28-day and in-hospital mortality (mild group). The characteristics of clusters in the validation cohort were similar to those in the derivation cohort. In addition, we were surprised to find that GGT levels in subphenotype δ were significantly higher than in other subphenotypes, showing a different pattern from bilirubin. Conclusions: We identified four subphenotypes of SALD that presented with different clinical features and outcomes. These results can provide a valuable reference for understanding the clinical characteristics and associated outcomes to improve the management of patients with SALD in the ICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Miao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhaotian Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qianhui Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wantin Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Sun
- Neusoft Corporation, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mu Sun
- Neusoft Corporation, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Renyu Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali Hosseinian S, Mehrzad J, Reza Mirhafez S, Saeedi J, Zhiani R, Sahebkar A. Evaluation of the effect of phytosomal curcuminoids on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in NAFLD: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
5
|
Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity (GGT) Is a Long-Sought Biomarker of Redox Status in Blood Circulation: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 44 Types of Human Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8494076. [PMID: 35707277 PMCID: PMC9192220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8494076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim. Redox equilibria are critical for life, but the biomarkers of redox status are currently unavailable. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is an essential factor for modulating redox equilibrium through glutathione. In clinical practice, increased circulating GGT activity is used as a hepatobiliary disease biomarker. However, increased circulating GGT activities have also been observed in cancers, heart disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, inflammation, renal insufficiency, and other diseases, explained by its role in maintaining redox equilibrium inside and outside cells. Previous studies on GGT were mainly limited to one type of disease at one time. In the current study, we systematically compared the GGT levels in 44 different human diseases to test if it could serve as a redox status biomarker in blood circulation. Methods. The clinical GGT data from 168,858 patients with 44 diseases and 132,357 healthy control in the clinical laboratory of our hospital over the past five years were retrieved. All data were analyzed with SPSS, RStudio V.1.3.1073, and python libraries 3.8. Results. Thirty-eight out of 44 diseases had significantly increased (
) circulating GGT activities, whereas gastric cancer, anemia, renal cyst, cervical cancer, preeclampsia, and knee-joint degenerative diseases had significantly decreased (
) GGT activities compared to the healthy control. ROC analyses showed that GGT was an excellent biomarker for liver cancer (
), pancreatitis (
), or hepatic encephalopathy (
). All pancreas-related diseases had more than 8-fold increases in GGT activity span than the healthy control, while pancreatic cancer had a 12-fold increase (1021 U/L vs. 82 U/L). The knee-joint degenerative disease had the lowest median and narrowest GGT activity range (63 U/L). Furthermore, most diseases’ lowest to highest GGT activities were beyond the healthy control in both directions. Conclusions. Thirty-eight out of 44 diseases were in overall oxidative states defined by the increased GGT median values. In contrast, knee-joint degenerative disease, gastric cancer, anemia, renal cyst, cervical cancer, and preeclampsia were in overall antioxidative states. Moreover, most diseases swing between oxidative and antioxidative states, evidenced by the increased lowest to highest GGT activity ranges than the healthy control. Liver- and pancreas-related abnormalities were responsible for significantly increased GGT activities. Our overall results suggested that circulating GGT was a redox status biomarker.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee KP, Kim K, Yoon E, Baek S, Ahn SH. Pharmacological systemic analysis of gardenia fructus against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and validation of animal models. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:39-45. [PMID: 35510444 PMCID: PMC9081353 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We aimed to investigate the systemic pharmacological analysis of gardenia fructus (GF) and the proof of concepts. We examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in high-fat (HF) diet mice. [Methods] The active compounds of GF and the target genes were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (oral bioavailability ≥ 30%, Caco-2 permeability ≥ -0.4, and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18). The rats were divided into four groups: untreated group, HF group, HF and metformin (17 mg/kg) treated group, and HF and treated with GF (28 mg/kg) for 8 weeks group. Hepatic lesion changes and markers were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry assay. [Results] In the systemic analysis, we identified 14 active compounds including A, B, and C. From these 14 compounds, 242 biological target genes were identified. The top 10 Gene Ontology were analyzed using GO-biological process analysis: removal of superoxide radicals, regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process, and cellular response to lipopolysaccharide. GF extracts in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice models significantly regulated hepatic lesion markers, such as mTOR, 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as well as oxidative stress activities, TGF-β, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. [Conclusion] These results suggest that GF, as an exercise supplement, can alleviate NAFLD disease or fatty liver inflammation. Further studies are required to verify the synergistic effect of GF treatment combined with exercise, which is known to alleviate NAFLD and fatty liver inflammation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Toda-Oti KS, Stefano JT, Cavaleiro AM, Carrilho FJ, Correa-Gianella ML, Oliveira CPMDSD. Association of UCP3 Polymorphisms with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Brazilian Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:114-123. [PMID: 35020496 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the possible association of uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Brazilian patients. Methods: UCP3 SNPs rs1726745, rs3781907, and rs11235972 were genotyped in 158 biopsy-proven NAFLD Brazilian patients. Statistics was performed with JMP, R, and SHEsis softwares. Results: The TT genotype of rs1726745 was associated with less occurrence of MetS (P = 0.006) and with lower body mass index (BMI) in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.01) and in the NASH group (P = 0.02). The rs1726745-T was associated with lower values of AST (P = 0.001), ALT (P = 0.0002), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in the entire NAFLD sample. Between groups, there were lower values of aminotransferases strictly in individuals with NASH (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.0007) and with MetS (AST, P = 0.002; ALT, P = 0.001). The rs3781907-G was associated with lower GGT elevation values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.002), in the NASH group (P = 0.004), and with MetS group (P = 0.003) and with protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The rs11235972-A was associated with lower GGT values in the entire NAFLD sample (P = 0.006) and in the NASH group (P = 0.01) and with MetS group (P = 0.005), with fibrosis absence (P = 0.01) and protection for advanced fibrosis (P = 0.01). The TAA haplotype was protective for NASH (P = 0.002), and TGG haplotype was protective for MetS (P = 0.01). Conclusion: UCP3 gene variants were associated with protection against NASH and MetS, in addition to lower values of liver enzymes, lipid profile, BMI and, lesser fibrosis severity in the studied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sawada Toda-Oti
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Stefano
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercedes Cavaleiro
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Correa-Gianella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pinto Marques de Souza de Oliveira
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Newton KP, Lavine JE, Wilson L, Behling C, Vos MB, Molleston JP, Rosenthal P, Miloh T, Fishbein MH, Jain AK, Murray KF, Schwimmer JB. Alanine Aminotransferase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Predict Histologic Improvement in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2021; 73:937-951. [PMID: 32416645 PMCID: PMC7669708 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Predictive, noninvasive tools are needed to monitor key features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children that relate to improvement in liver histology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between liver chemistries and liver histology using data from the CyNCh (Cysteamine Bitartrate Delayed-Release for the Treatment of NAFLD in Children) clinical trial. APPROACH AND RESULTS This study included 146 children. Improvement in liver histology, defined as decrease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Activity Score ≥2 points without worsening of fibrosis, occurred in 43 participants (30%). There were 46 participants with borderline zone 1 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) at baseline, with resolution in 28% (12 of 46). Multivariate models were constructed using baseline and change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 52 weeks, for improvement in (1) liver histology primary outcome, (2) borderline zone 1 NASH, and (3) fibrosis. For improvement in histology, the model (P < 0.0001) retained baseline and change in GGT (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.87). For borderline zone 1 NASH, the model (P = 0.0004) retained baseline and change in ALT (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93). For fibrosis, the model (P < 0.001) retained baseline and change in ALT (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93). Additional clinical parameters were added to the models using Akaike's information criterion selection, and significantly boosted performance: improvement in histology with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95), borderline zone 1 NASH with AUROC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83-0.99), and fibrosis with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.94). Models were validated using data from the TONIC (Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children) trial. CONCLUSIONS In children with NAFLD, dynamic changes in serum ALT and GGT are associated with change in liver histology and appear to be powerful indicators of histological response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P Newton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCA.,Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of PediatricsRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCA
| | - Joel E Lavine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Laura Wilson
- Department of EpidemiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD.,Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Cynthia Behling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCA.,Department of PathologySharp Medical CenterSan DiegoCA
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA
| | | | - Philip Rosenthal
- Departments of Pediatrics & SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - Tamir Miloh
- Department of PediatricsTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTX
| | - Mark H Fishbein
- Department of PediatricsAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Ajay K Jain
- Department of PediatricsSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMI
| | - Karen F Murray
- Department of PediatricsCleveland Clinic Children's HospitalClevelandOH
| | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCA.,Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of PediatricsRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghassemi M, Hosseinchi S, Seirafianpour F, Dodangeh M, Goodarzi A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver and lipid profile status in patients with melasma: A case-control study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3656-3660. [PMID: 33609335 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are pieces of evidence regarding the association between melasma and metabolic syndrome. To assess the prevalence and grade of nonalcoholic fatty liver and lipid profile status in patients with melasma, we designed this case-control study. METHODS This study was performed on 30 consecutive women with melasma who referred to the dermatology clinic of the hospital as the case group and 34 healthy women. For all participants, serum lipid profiles and liver enzymes were checked. Also, the existence of fatty liver was assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS Except for serum level of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) that was significantly higher in the melasma group than in the healthy group (104.23 ± 25.00 mg/dl versus 89.85 ± 23.00 mg/dl, p = 0.020), the level of other parameters including other lipid profiles, blood sugar, or liver enzymes was similar in both groups. In ultrasonography, the overall prevalence of fatty liver was 23.3% in the melasma group and 20.6% in the control group, and no difference was found between the two groups in grade of fatty liver (p = 0.791). CONCLUSION The study showed a higher serum LDL level in patients with melasma compared to women without melasma, but there was no difference between the groups in prevalence or grade of fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Ghassemi
- Dermatology Department, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnoosh Seirafianpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Dodangeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Dermatology Department, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 PMCID: PMC7791774 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Afolabi PR, Scorletti E, Calder PC, Byrne CD. Factors independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:2998-3007. [PMID: 32706931 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low CRF is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The factors that influence CRF in NAFLD are poorly understood and it has been suggested that reduced hepatic mitochondrial function (HMF) may be linked to low CRF. Therefore, our aim was to determine the factors associated with CRF in NAFLD. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with NAFLD were studied. CRF was assessed by treadmill testing and expressed as maximal O2 consumption (VO2 peak) per lean body mass. HMF was assessed by the 13 C-ketoisocaproate breath test. Multivariable linear regression modelling was undertaken to test the independence of associations with CRF. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 51 (13) years and 61% were men. With CRF as the outcome, age (B coefficient -0.3, 95%CI -0.4, -0.2, P < .0001), total body fat mass (B coefficient -0.2, 95%CI -0.3, -0.05, P = .01), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (B coefficient -3.6, 95%CI -1.1, -6.1, P = .005), smoking status (B coefficient -5.7, 95%CI -1.9, -9.5, P = .004), serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (B coefficient -0.04, 95%CI -0.05, -0.02, P < .0001), HMF (B coefficient -0.5, 95%CI -0.8, -0.1, P = .01) and diastolic function (B coefficient 0.1, 95%CI 0.05, 0.13, P < .0001) were independently associated with CRF. This model explained 60% of the total variance in CRF (R2 = 0.6, P < .0001); and this model with GGT alone explained 24% of the variance in CRF. CONCLUSIONS In patients with NAFLD, HMF is independently associated with CRF and a model with GGT alone explained most of the variance in CRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Afolabi
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip C Calder
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baratta F, Pastori D, Bartimoccia S, Cammisotto V, Cocomello N, Colantoni A, Nocella C, Carnevale R, Ferro D, Angelico F, Violi F, Del Ben M. Poor Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Serum Lipopolysaccharide are Associated with Oxidative Stress in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061732. [PMID: 32531941 PMCID: PMC7352324 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Factors inducing oxidative stress in NAFLD may be several; however, a relationship with the adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-diet) and with serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been poorly investigated in this setting. The aim was to investigate factors associated with impaired oxidative stress in NAFLD, focusing on the potential role of LPS and Med-diet. We enrolled 238 consecutive outpatients from the PLINIO study, in whom we measured the soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp), a marker of systemic oxidative stress, and serum LPS. Adherence to Med-diet was investigated by a nine-item validated dietary questionnaire. Serum sNox2-dp and LPS were higher in patients with NAFLD compared to those without (25.0 vs. 9.0 pg/mL, p < 0.001 and 62.0 vs. 44.9 pg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). In patients with NAFLD, the highest sNox2-dp tertile was associated with the top serum LPS tertile (Odds Ratio (OR): 4.71; p < 0.001), APRI > 0.7 (OR: 6.96; p = 0.005) and Med-diet-score > 6 (OR: 0.14; p = 0.026). Analyzing individual foods, the daily consumption of wine (OR: 0.29, p = 0.046) and the adequate weekly consumption of fish (OR: 0.32, p = 0.030) inversely correlated with the top sNox2-dp tertile. In conclusion, patients with NAFLD showed impaired oxidative stress. Levels of sNox2 correlated with serum LPS and with low adherence to Med-Diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baratta
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Daniele Pastori
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Nicholas Cocomello
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Alessandra Colantoni
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04015 Latina, Italy;
- Mediterranea Cardio Centro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferro
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-997-2249
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
- Mediterranea Cardio Centro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (N.C.); (A.C.); (C.N.); (D.F.); (F.V.); (M.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cai J, Zhang XJ, Ji YX, Zhang P, She ZG, Li H. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pandemic Fuels the Upsurge in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circ Res 2020; 126:679-704. [PMID: 32105577 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Among the major risk factors for CVD, obesity and diabetes mellitus have received considerable attention in terms of public policy and awareness. However, the emerging prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as the most common liver and metabolic disease and a cause of CVD, has been largely overlooked. Currently, the number of individuals with NAFLD is greater than the total number of individuals with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Epidemiological studies have established a strong correlation between NAFLD and an increased risk of CVD and CVD-associated events. Although debate continues over the causal relationship between NAFLD and CVD, many mechanistic and longitudinal studies have indicated that NAFLD is one of the major driving forces for CVD and should be recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD apart from other metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence that supports NAFLD as a risk factor for CVD epidemics and discuss major mechanistic insights regarding the acceleration of CVD in the setting of NAFLD. Finally, we address the potential treatments for NAFLD and their potential impact on CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaliora AC, Gioxari A, Kalafati IP, Diolintzi A, Kokkinos A, Dedoussis GV. The Effectiveness of Mediterranean Diet in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Clinical Course: An Intervention Study. J Med Food 2019; 22:729-740. [PMID: 31290733 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable key factor targeted in prevention and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim was to study the effect of Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) on clinical, biochemical, and inflammatory profile in NAFLD patients with simple steatosis. Potential associations of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) rs2293152 genotype to diet composition and patients' profile were investigated. In this nonrandomized, open-label, 24-week prospective intervention study, 44 untreated NAFLD patients with nonsignificant fibrosis received nutritional counsel to increase adherence to MedDiet. Adherence to MedDiet was estimated with MedDietScore. Furthermore, we genotyped STAT3 rs2293152 single nucleotide polymorphism and performed clinical and inflammatory measurements. In all patients, MedDietScore increased and anthropometric indices improved, whereas liver imaging, liver fibrosis score, blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), visfatin, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels were also significantly ameliorated compared with baseline (P < .05). No association of STAT3 polymorphism with diet composition was found. Comparisons of mean differences between G- and C-carriers at the end point of the trial showed that only visfatin was significantly associated with the STAT3 genotype (-0.0 ± 4.6 vs. -4.2 ± 3.9, P = .04, respectively). Carrying the G-allele was associated with an increase of the visfatin levels (3.4 ± 1.5 ng/mL, P = .028). Our results show amelioration of clinical, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers in NAFLD patients in response to MedDiet. STAT3 rs2293152 G-carriers experienced more beneficial changes at the end of the intervention compared with baseline. An association between visfatin levels and STAT3 genotype has been shown for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriana C Kaliora
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- 2 First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Diolintzi
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kokkinos
- 2 First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George V Dedoussis
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim S, Taskinen MR, Borén J. Crosstalk between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiometabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2019; 20:599-611. [PMID: 30589487 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition characterized by fat accumulation combined with low-grade inflammation in the liver. A large body of clinical and experimental data shows that increased flux of free fatty acids from increased visceral adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis can lead to NAFLD and insulin resistance. Thus, individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia are at the greatest risk of developing NAFLD. Conversely, NAFLD is a phenotype of cardiometabolic syndrome. Notably, researchers have discovered a close association between NAFLD and impaired glucose metabolism and focused on the role of NAFLD in the development of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, recent studies provide substantial evidence for an association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic disorders. Even if NAFLD can progress into severe liver disorders including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, the majority of subjects with NAFLD die from cardiovascular disease eventually. In this review, we propose a potential pathological link between NAFLD/NASH and cardiometabolic syndrome. The potential factors that can play a pivotal role in this link, such as inflammation, insulin resistance, alteration in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, and gut microbiota are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Diabetes & Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim SH, Kwon DY, Kwak JH, Lee S, Lee YH, Yun J, Son TG, Jung YS. Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress is Accompanied with Oxidative Stress via Abrogation of Sulfur Amino Acids Metabolism in the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124114. [PMID: 30567393 PMCID: PMC6321199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the relationship between oxidative stress, another well-known risk factor of NAFLD, and ER stress has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we treated mice with tunicamycin (TM) (2 mg/kg body weight) for 48 h to induce ER stress in the liver and examined the metabolic pathway that synthesizes the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Tunicamycin (TM) treatment significantly increased mRNA levels of CHOP and GRP78, and induced lipid accumulation in the liver. Lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue also increased from TM treatment (CON vs. TM; 3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 11.1 ± 0.8 nmol MDA/g liver, p < 0.001), which reflects an imbalance between the generation of reactive substances and antioxidant capacity. To examine the involvement of GSH synthetic pathway, we determined the metabolomic changes of sulfur amino acids in the liver. TM significantly decreased hepatic S-adenosylmethionine concentration in the methionine cycle. The levels of cysteine in the liver were increased, while taurine concentration was maintained and GSH levels profoundly decreased (CON vs. TM; 8.7 ± 1.5 vs. 5.4 ± 0.9 µmol GSH/g liver, p < 0.001). These results suggest that abnormal cysteine metabolism by TM treatment resulted in a decrease in GSH, followed by an increase in oxidative stress in the liver. In HepG2 cells, decreased GSH levels were examined by TM treatment in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment with TM in HepG2 cells potentiated oxidative cell death, by exacerbating the effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide. In conclusion, TM-induced ER stress was accompanied by oxidative stress by reducing the GSH synthesis, which made the liver more susceptible to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sou Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Do-Young Kwon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA.
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea.
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jieun Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea.
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Division for Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adropin protects against liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via the Nrf2 mediated antioxidant capacity. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101068. [PMID: 30684890 PMCID: PMC6351233 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adropin, a secretory signal peptide, has shown beneficial effects on improving glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia. However, whether this peptide affects nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has remained unclear. In this study, the serum adropin levels, liver injury and oxidative stress were measured in diet-induced NASH mice. Adropin knock-out mice and palmitate treated primary hepatic cells were used to investigate the influence of adropin on liver injury. Our results show that serum adropin levels were decreased and negatively correlated with liver injury in NASH mice. Knockout of adropin significantly exacerbated hepatic steatosis, inflammatory responses and fibrosis in mice after either methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) or western diet (WD) feeding. And the treatment with adropin bioactive peptides ameliorated NASH progression in mice. Adropin alleviated hepatocyte injury by upregulating the expression of Gclc, Gclm, and Gpx1 in a manner dependent on Nrf2 transcriptional activity and by increasing the glutathione (GSH) levels. And adropin significantly increased CBP expression and promoted its binding with Nrf2, which enhanced Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, AAV8-mediated overexpression of hepatic Nrf2 expression functionally restored the liver injury induced by adropin-deficiency MCD-fed mice. These findings provide evidence that adropin activates Nrf2 signaling and plays a protective role in liver injury of NASH and therefore might represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of NASH. The serum adropin levels were lower in the NASH model mice and negatively correlated with oxidative damage and liver injury. Mice lacking adropin (Adropin-KO) exhibited more severe liver injury and accelerated NASH progression. Treatment with adropin alleviated hepatocyte injury by upregulating CBP/Nrf2 mediated antioxidant activity. AAV8-mediated overexpression of hepatic Nrf2 expression ameliorated the NASH progression in Adropin-KO mice.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, Gil F, López-Guarnido O, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood of workers exposed to non-cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:121-128. [PMID: 29990723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In occupational settings workers are often exposed to pesticides at relatively high doses compared to environmental exposures. Long-term exposure to pesticides has been associated with numerous adverse health effects in epidemiological studies, and oxidative stress is often claimed as one of the underlying mechanisms. In fact, different pesticides have been reported to induce oxidative stress due to the generation of free radicals and/or alteration in antioxidant defense enzymes. The present study examined greenhouse workers regularly exposed to diverse pesticides under integrated production system, and a group of controls of the same geographic area without any chemical exposure. Two different periods of the same crop season were assessed, one of high exposure (with greater use of pesticides) and other of low exposure (in which a less use of these compounds was made). Non-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress, e.g. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing ability of serum (FRAS), total thiol groups (SHT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were measured in serum samples from all study subjects, alongside erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results are suggestive of a mild increase in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, which was compensated by an adaptive response to raise the antioxidant defenses and thus counter the detrimental effects of sustained oxidative stress. This response led to significantly increased levels of FRAS, SHT and PON1 in greenhouse workers relative to controls. Furthermore, AChE was decreased likely as a result of oxidative stress as workers did not use organophosphate insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lozano-Paniagua
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | - Olga López-Guarnido
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Spain; CIBERESP, Spain; ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has made nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the most common chronic liver disease. As a consequence, NAFLD and especially its inflammatory form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the fastest increasing etiology of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Physical inactivity is related to the severity of fatty liver disease irrespective of body weight, supporting the hypothesis that increasing physical activity through exercise can improve fatty liver disease. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of physical exercise on NAFLD and NASH. Several clinical trials have shown that both aerobic and resistance exercise reduce the hepatic fat content. From clinical and basic scientific studies, it is evident that exercise affects fatty liver disease through various pathways. Improved peripheral insulin resistance reduces the excess delivery of free fatty acids and glucose for free fatty acid synthesis to the liver. In the liver, exercise increases fatty acid oxidation, decreases fatty acid synthesis, and prevents mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage through a reduction of the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. In conclusion, physical exercise is a proven therapeutic strategy to improve fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J. van der Windt
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vikas Sud
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hongji Zhang
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Allan Tsung
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Q, Niu L, Hua C, Geng Y, Cai L, Tao S, Ni Y, Zhao R. Chronic dexamethasone exposure markedly decreased the hepatic triglyceride accumulation in growing goats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:115-121. [PMID: 29155266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress seriously threatens welfare and health in animals and humans. Consecutive dexamethasone (Dex) injection was used to mimic chronic stress previously. In order to investigate the effect of chronic stress on hepatic lipids metabolism, in this study, 10 healthy male goats were randomly allocated into two groups, one received a consecutive injection of Dex via intramuscularly for 3 weeks (Dex group), the other received the same volume of saline as the control group (Con group). Hepatic health and triglyceride (TG) metabolism were analyzed and compared between two groups. The data showed that a significant decrease of TG in plasma and the liver was significantly decreased by Dex (P < .05), while the hepatic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was increased compared to the Con group (P < .05). Consistent with the decrease of TG level, the activity of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) enzymes activities were significantly enhanced by Dex. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) and acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 (ACSBG1) genes in liver was significantly up-regulated by chronic Dex injection (P < .05), whereas perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA expression was significantly decreased by Dex (P < .05). In addition, no obvious damages were observed in the liver in both Con and Dex groups demonstrating by the sirius red staining, HE staining as well as several biochemical parameters related to the functional status of hepatocytes. Our data indicate that chronic Dex exposure decreases TG levels in the circulation and the liver through activating lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis without causing hepatic damages in the growing goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liqiong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liuping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Spahis S, Delvin E, Borys JM, Levy E. Oxidative Stress as a Critical Factor in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:519-541. [PMID: 27452109 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by liver triacylglycerol build-up, has been growing in the global world in concert with the raised prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipemia. Redox imbalance has been suggested to be highly relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Recent Advances: As a major health problem, NAFLD progresses to the more severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) condition and predisposes susceptible individuals to liver and cardiovascular disease. Although NAFLD represents the predominant cause of chronic liver disorders, the mechanisms of its development and progression remain incompletely understood, even if various scientific groups ascribed them to the occurrence of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and apoptosis. Nevertheless, oxidative stress (OxS) more and more appears as the most important pathological event during NAFLD development and the hallmark between simple steatosis and NASH manifestation. CRITICAL ISSUES The purpose of this article is to summarize recent developments in the understanding of NAFLD, essentially focusing on OxS as a major pathogenetic mechanism. Various attempts to translate reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by antioxidants into experimental and clinical studies have yielded mostly encouraging results. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although augmented concentrations of ROS and faulty antioxidant defense have been associated to NAFLD and related complications, mechanisms of action and proofs of principle should be highlighted to support the causative role of OxS and to translate its concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 519-541.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Schohraya Spahis
- 1 GI-Nutrition Unit, Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- 1 GI-Nutrition Unit, Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Emile Levy
- 1 GI-Nutrition Unit, Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,4 EPODE International Network , Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Irie M, Sohda T, Anan A, Fukunaga A, Takata K, Tanaka T, Yokoyama K, Morihara D, Takeyama Y, Shakado S, Sakisaka S. Reduced Glutathione suppresses Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2016; 6:13-18. [PMID: 29201718 PMCID: PMC5578552 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Insulin resistance and cytokine production are key mechanisms leading to fatty change in the liver and may produce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Oxidative stress may also contribute to clinical progression from simple fatty liver (FL) to NASH. A therapy for insulin resistance and antioxidant has been applied to treat NASH, yet these treatments are not fully established. In the present study, we have evaluated whether an antioxidant agent, glutathione, prevents the development of NASH from FL. Materials and methods Five patients with FL and 10 with NASH were enrolled in the study. Three hundred milligrams per day of glutathione was given orally to patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) every day, and an oxidative stress marker and biochemical tests were analyzed before treatment and 1 and 3 months after starting the treatment. We measured serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Immunohistochemistry for glutathione was performed on formalin fixed liver specimens obtained from liver biopsies. Results Before treatment, the NASH group had higher serum 8-OHdG and lower serum glutathione levels than the FL group. Immunohistochemistry revealed that a strong expression of glutathione was observed in zone 3 in both NASH and FL before treatment. Serum levels of alanine transaminase and 8-OHdG were significantly decreased after treatment in the NASH group. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was decreased after treatment, although the decrease was statistically not significant. Discussion The present pilot study demonstrated that antioxidant therapy with glutathione may reduce the pathological oxidative stress in the liver in NASH, preventing the progression from NAFLD to NASH. How to cite this article Irie M, Sohda T, Anan A, Fukunaga A, Takata K, Tanaka T, Yokoyama K, Morihara D, Takeyama Y, Shakado S, Sakisaka S. Reduced Glutathione suppresses Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2016;6(1):13-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sohda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Anan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Takata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shakado
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Sakisaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Influence of α-Lipoic Acid and Garlic Administration on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rabbits Exposed to Oxidized Nutrition Oils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:827879. [PMID: 26634212 PMCID: PMC4655041 DOI: 10.1155/2015/827879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that addition of substances with antioxidant activity could decrease the concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory process, thus inhibiting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development. We investigated the influence of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and garlic administration on the development of adverse changes in rabbit liver and serum under oxidative stress conditions induced with HFD from oxidized oils. We determined 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates, total oxidant status (TOS), lipid peroxides (LOO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in blood serum, and TNFα and IL-1α genes expression in liver. The results indicate that the intake of dietary ALA and garlic was significantly associated with decreases of 8OHdG and MDA levels in rabbits' liver tissue as well as TOS and LOO levels in rabbits' serum. Similarly, TNFα and IL-1α gene expressions were suppressed due to ALA and garlic supplementation. The histopathological analysis confirmed that HFD results in liver disorder leading to steatosis. This adverse effect of HFD was ameliorated by the supplementation of ALA and garlic. The obtained results indicate a beneficial effect of ALA and garlic administration by reducing the oxidative stress intensity and the levels of some proinflammatory cytokines in rabbits fed HFD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hiura M, Honma Y, Miyagawa K, Oe S, Shimajiri S, Mihara H, Oe M, Sato-Morita M, Katsuki Y, Harada M. Alleviation mechanisms against hepatocyte oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatic disorders. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:1124-35. [PMID: 25581125 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Autophagy induction and Mallory-Denk body (MDB) formation have been considered to have cytoprotective effects from cellular stress in liver diseases. We investigated the relations among oxidative stress, autophagy and MDB formation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to clarify the alleviation mechanisms against oxidative stress of hepatocytes. METHODS First, we treated cultured cells with proteasome inhibitor (PI) or free fatty acid (FFA) and evaluated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, ubiquitinated proteins and p62 by western blotting. Then, we used human liver biopsy samples to evaluate oxidative stress, autophagy and MDB formation by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Treatment with PI or FFA increased ER stress, oxidative stress, ubiquitinated proteins and p62 in cultured cells. Human liver biopsy samples of CHC and NAFLD showed that MDB formed in areas with strong oxidative stress and that the MDB-containing cells circumvented oxidative stress. Keratin 8 (K8) expression was strong in MDB-containing cells in CHC and NAFLD. However, in CHB samples, the expression of K8 was not increased in response to oxidative stress and MDB aggregates did not appear. Aminotransferase values were significantly lower in patients with CHC and NAFLD in whom light chain 3 antibody expression was increased in response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Strong expression of K8 was considered to be important for MDB formation. MDB protect liver cells from oxidative stress at a cellular level and autophagy reduced hepatic damage when it was induced in the hepatocytes exposed to strong oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hiura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Oe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hitomi Mihara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masami Oe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Katsuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi JP, Li SX, Ma ZL, Gao AL, Song YJ, Zhang H. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of tetrandrine in intravenously exposed female BALB/c mice. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:925-931. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
27
|
Impact of the superoxide dismutase 2 Val16Ala polymorphism on the relationship between valproic acid exposure and elevation of γ-glutamyltransferase in patients with epilepsy: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111066. [PMID: 25372290 PMCID: PMC4220988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been accumulating evidence that there are associations among γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) elevation and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the most common and potentially functional polymorphisms of antioxidant enzyme genes, i.e. superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione S-transferase M1 and glutathione S-transferase T1, on the γ-GT elevation during valproic acid (VPA) therapy. METHODS AND FINDINGS This retrospective study included 237 and 169 VPA-treated Japanese patients with epilepsy for population pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses, respectively. A nonlinear mixed-effect model represented the pharmacokinetics of VPA and the relationships between VPA exposure and γ-GT elevation. A one-compartment model of the pharmacokinetic parameters of VPA adequately described the data; while the model for the probability of the γ-GT elevation was fitted using a logistic regression model, in which the logit function of the probability was a linear function of VPA exposure. The SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphism and complication with intellectual disability were found to be significant covariates influencing the intercept of the logit function for the probability of an elevated γ-GT level. The predicted mean percentages of the subjects with γ-GT elevation were about 2- to 3-fold, 3- to 4-fold and 4- to 8-fold greater in patients with the SOD2 Val/Val genotype but without any intellectual disability, those with the SOD2 Val/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype and intellectual disability and those with the SOD2 Val/Val genotype and intellectual disability, respectively, compared to those with the SOD2 Val/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype without intellectual disability. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphism has an impact on the relationship between VPA exposure and γ-GT elevation in patients with epilepsy. These results suggest that determining the SOD2 genotype could be helpful for preventing the VPA-induced γ-GT elevation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Arriazu E, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Cubero FJ, Varela-Rey M, Pérez de Obanos MP, Leung TM, Lopategi A, Benedicto A, Abraham-Enachescu I, Nieto N. Extracellular matrix and liver disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1078-97. [PMID: 24219114 PMCID: PMC4123471 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic microenvironment that undergoes continuous remodeling, particularly during injury and wound healing. Chronic liver injury of many different etiologies such as viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, drug-induced liver injury, obesity and insulin resistance, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune disease is characterized by excessive deposition of ECM proteins in response to persistent liver damage. CRITICAL ISSUES This review describes the main collagenous and noncollagenous components from the ECM that play a significant role in pathological matrix deposition during liver disease. We define how increased myofibroblasts (MF) from different origins are at the forefront of liver fibrosis and how liver cell-specific regulation of the complex scarring process occurs. RECENT ADVANCES Particular attention is paid to the role of cytokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and newly identified matricellular proteins in the regulation of fibrillar type I collagen, a field to which our laboratory has significantly contributed over the years. We compile data from recent literature on the potential mechanisms driving fibrosis resolution such as MF' apoptosis, senescence, and reversal to quiescence. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We conclude with a brief description of how epigenetics, an evolving field, can regulate the behavior of MF and of how new "omics" tools may advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which the fibrogenic response to liver injury occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arriazu
- 1 Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jarcuska P, Janicko M, Drazilová S, Senajová G, Veselíny E, Fedacko J, Siegfried L, Kristian P, Tkác M, Pella D, Mareková M, Gecková AM, Jarcuska P. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level associated with metabolic syndrome and proinflammatory parameters in the young Roma population in eastern Slovakia: a population-based study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22 Suppl:S43-50. [PMID: 24847614 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is present approximately in half of all patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to explore the relationship between GGT and MS or proinflammatory parameters. METHODS Data from the cross-sectional HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 among Roma living in rural communities were used. Participants (n = 446) were divided into 2 groups; those with elevated GGT and those with normal GGT levels. MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria; presence of central obesity and low density lipoproteins (LDL) or high density lipoproteins (HDL), high triglycerides, hypertension, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes. Participants were tested for the presence of MS and its components, and biochemical tests for lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG) and inflammatory parameters (high sensitivity C-reactive protein--hs-CRP and ferritin) were performed. RESULTS Of 446 Roma participants, only 29 (6.5%) had GGT levels above the normal value. After exclusion of patients with viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse, patients with elevated GGT suffered from MS more often (p < 0.001), and patients with more MS components had a higher risk of elevated GGT. We found a significant association between GGT and the individual MS components, except HDL (waist circumference > or = 94 cm in men or 80 cm in women: p < 0.01; BMI > 30: p < 0.001; fasting glucose > or = 5.6 mmol/l: p < 0.001; arterial hypertension: p < 0.05, and TAG > or = 1.7 mmol/l: p < 0.001). Patients with elevated GGT levels had also significantly higher hs-CRP (hs-CRP > 2 mg/l: p < 0.001; hs-CRP > 3 mg/l: p < 0.001) and ferritin (ferritin > 300 mg/l: p < 0.01) levels. CONCLUSION Patients with MS have more significantly elevated levels of GGT. There is a significant association of GGT with individual MS components, except HDL and inflammatory parameters (hs-CRP, ferritin).
Collapse
|
30
|
Ben MD, Polimeni L, Baratta F, Pastori D, Loffredo L, Angelico F. Modern approach to the clinical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8341-8350. [PMID: 25024593 PMCID: PMC4093688 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common and emerging form of chronic liver disease worldwide. It includes a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis, which may progress to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver mortality. Common metabolic diseases, which are well established cardiovascular risk factors, have been associated to NAFLD and cardiovascular disease is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The pathogenesis of NAFLD appears multifactorial and many mechanisms have been proposed as possible causes of fatty liver infiltration. Management of fatty liver has become a major challenge to healthcare systems as the consequence of the increasing rates of obesity worldwide. First-line management focuses on lifestyle modifications. Moderate weight reduction either by dietary restriction or by increased habitual physical activity is safe and highly recommended. Several therapeutic interventions have been proposed. These include insulin sensitizer agents, lipid lowering drugs, antioxidants such as vitamin E and supplementation of vitamin D3. However, therapeutic strategies have been largely empirical so far, and experimental trials have mostly been carried out in uncontrolled settings with small sample sizes. Metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, should be strongly considered and a multidisciplinary approach should be personalized for individual patients. Treatment of co-morbidities should be regarded as of paramount importance in the management of these patients. The purpose of this review is to examine different approaches for the clinical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Taketani H, Sumida Y, Tanaka S, Imajo K, Yoneda M, Hyogo H, Ono M, Fujii H, Eguchi Y, Kanemasa K, Chayama K, Itoh Y, Yoshikawa T, Saibara T, Fujimoto K, Nakajima A. The association of insomnia with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1163-74. [PMID: 23975270 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is suggested that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can be associated with insomnia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The relationship between GERD and insomnia in subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD was investigated. METHODS This study enrolled 123 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Insomnia was assessed by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), a self-assessment psychometric instrument designed to quantify sleep difficulty based on ICD-10 criteria; AIS scores ≥ 6 were considered positive for insomnia. GERD symptoms were evaluated using a frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG); FSSG scores ≥ 8 were considered positive. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of insomnia with GERD, after adjusting for potential confounders. Thirteen patients with GERD were treated with the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole (RPZ; 10 mg/day), for 12 weeks. RESULTS Of the 123 patients, 76 (62%) were female and 87 (71%) were obese, with 34 (28%) having AIS scores ≥ 6 and 31 (25%) having FSSG scores ≥ 8. Liver biopsy revealed that 40 patients (33%) had NAFL and 83 (67%) had NASH. FSSG and AIS scores were similar in the two groups. HOMA-IR, FSSG scores and γGT (GGT) concentrations were significantly higher in insomniacs than in non-insomniacs. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FSSG score and GGT concentration were independently associated with insomnia. RPZ treatment resulted in significantly reductions in both AIS and FSSG scores. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 30% of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD had insomnia, which was related to GGT and GERD and could be relieved by RPZ treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prado-Ochoa MG, Gutiérrez-Amezquita RA, Abrego-Reyes VH, Velázquez-Sánchez AM, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Ramírez-Noguera P, Angeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. Assessment of acute oral and dermal toxicity of 2 ethyl-carbamates with activity against Rhipicephalus microplus in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:956456. [PMID: 24883331 PMCID: PMC4032735 DOI: 10.1155/2014/956456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. The oral LD50 of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50 of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. Clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (P < 0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. These clinical signs were evident from the 300 mg/kg dose and were reversible, whereas the 2000 mg/kg dose caused severe damage and either caused their death or was motive for euthanasia. At necropsy, these rats had dilated stomachs and cecums with diffuse congestion, as well as moderate congestion of the liver. Histologically, the liver showed slight degenerative lesions, binucleated hepatocytes, focal coagulative necrosis, and congestion areas; the severity of the lesions increased with dosage. Furthermore, an slight increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine was observed in the plasma. The dermal application of the maximum dose (5000 mg/kg) of each carbamate did not cause clinical manifestations or liver and skin alterations. This finding demonstrates that the carbamates under study have a low oral hazard and low acute dermal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, DF, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alfonso Gutiérrez-Amezquita
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, DF, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, Mexico
| | - Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, Mexico
| | - Enrique Angeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, Mexico
| | - Fernando Alba-Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Del Ben M, Polimeni L, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Nocella C, Baratta F, Loffredo L, Pignatelli P, Violi F, Angelico F. NOX2-generated oxidative stress is associated with severity of ultrasound liver steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:81. [PMID: 24758604 PMCID: PMC4014405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms responsible for disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, so far, few studies reported increased circulating levels of oxidative stress markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and no study has been performed with newer markers of systemic oxidative stress. The aim was to assess the relationship between urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide and the severity of liver steatosis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Methods The study was performed in 264 consecutive patients referred for suspected metabolic disease. Steatosis was defined according to Hamaguchi ultrasonographic criteria. Oxidative stress was assessed by urinary 8-iso- prostaglandin F2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide levels. Results Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver had higher (p < 0.001) mean values of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and of serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide, alanine aminotransferase, Cytokeratin-18 and homeostasis model of insulin resistance and lower values of serum adiponectin as compared to those without. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of its clinical features was significantly higher in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Same findings were also observed after the exclusion of obese subjects, or subjects with diabetes or with metabolic syndrome and in those not taking statin medication. In addition, the levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α were independent predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver and a strong association of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and of serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide with the severity of steatosis at ultrasound was also observed. Conclusions We demonstrated increased markers of oxidative stress in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide levels were independent from obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome and increased with the severity of liver steatosis at ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Subchronic toxicity study in rats of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:467105. [PMID: 24818142 PMCID: PMC4003847 DOI: 10.1155/2014/467105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Female and male Wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). The evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. However, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations in water consumption, hematocrit, percentages of reticulocytes, plasma proteins, some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, and creatinine activities), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the relative weight of the spleen. Histologically, slight pathological alterations were found in the liver that were consistent with the observed biochemical alterations. The nonobserved adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of the evaluated carbamates were 12.5 mg/kg/day for both the female and male rats. The low severity and reversibility of the majority of the observed alterations suggest that the evaluated carbamates have low subchronic toxicity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dai N, Zou Y, Zhu L, Wang HF, Dai MG. Antioxidant properties of proanthocyanidins attenuate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced steatosis and liver injury in rats via CYP2E1 regulation. J Med Food 2014; 17:663-9. [PMID: 24712752 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis is characterized by lipid dysregulation and fat accumulation in the liver and can lead to oxidative stress in liver. Since proanthocyanidins are present in plant-based foods and have powerful antioxidant properties, we investigated whether proanthocyanidins can prevent oxidative stress and subsequent liver injury. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment can cause steatosis in rats that models both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. We pre-treated rats by oral administration of proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds 7 days prior to intragastrically administering CCl4. Proanthocyanidin treatment continued for an additional 2 weeks, after which time liver and serum were harvested, and mediators of liver injury, oxidative stress, and histological features were evaluated. CCl4-treated rats exhibited significant increases in the following parameters as compared to non-treated rats: fat droplets in the liver, liver injury (ALT, AST), and DNA damage (8-OHdG). Additionally, CCl4 treatment decreased antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, GPX, and CAT in the liver due to their rapid depletion after battling against oxidative stress. Compared to CCl4-treated rats, treatment with proanthocyanidins effectively suppressed lipid accumulation, liver injury, DNA damage, as well as restored antioxidant enzyme levels. Further investigation revealed that proanthocyanidins treatment also inhibited expression of CYP2E1 in liver, which prevented the initial step of generating free radicals from CCl4. The data presented here show that treatment with orally administered proanthocyanidins prevented liver injury in the CCl4-induced steatosis model, likely through exerting antioxidant actions to suppress oxidative stress and inhibiting the free radical-generating CYP2E1 enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dai
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hepatic glucose uptake is increased in association with elevated serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:607-13. [PMID: 24326630 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with fatty liver disease (FLD) can show increased hepatic 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake, but the role of hepatic inflammation has not been explored. AIMS We investigated whether hepatic inflammatory response, as implicated by elevated serum markers, is associated with increased liver FDG uptake in FLD. METHODS Liver sonography and FDG positron emission tomography was performed in 331 asymptomatic men with nonalcoholic FLD (NAFLD), 122 with alcoholic FLD (AFLD), and 349 controls. Mean standard uptake value (SUV) of liver FDG uptake was compared to cardiac risk factors and serum markers of liver injury. RESULTS Hepatic FDG mean SUV was increased in NAFLD (2.40 ± 0.25) and AFLD groups (2.44 ± 0.25) compared to controls (2.28 ± 0.26; both P < 0.001). Both FLD groups also had higher serum γ-glutamylranspeptidase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), hepatic transaminases, and LDL. High GGT and TG levels were independent determinants of increased FDG uptake for both FLD groups. Hepatic mean SUV significantly increased with high compared to low GGT for NAFLD (2.48 ± 0.28 vs. 2.37 ± 0.24), AFLD (2.51 ± 0.27 vs. 2.39 ± 0.23), and control groups (2.39 ± 0.22 vs. 2.26 ± 0.26). High TG increased hepatic mean SUV in AFLD and control groups. Furthermore, serum GGT and TG levels significantly correlated to hepatic mean SUV in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic FDG uptake is closely associated with elevated TG and GGT regardless of the presence of FLD. Thus, inflammation response may play a major role in increased hepatic glucose uptake.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Despite skeletal muscle being considered by many as the source of insulin resistance, physiology tells us that the liver is a central and cardinal regulator of glucose homeostasis. This is sometimes underestimated because, in contrast with muscle, investigations of liver function are technically very difficult. Nevertheless, recent experimental and clinical research has demonstrated clearly that, due in part to its anatomic position, the liver is exquisitely sensitive to insulin and other hormonal and neural factors, either by direct intrahepatic mechanisms or indirectly by organ cross-talk with muscle or adipose tissue. Because the liver receives absorbed nutrients, these have a direct impact on liver function, whether via a caloric excess or via the nature of food components (eg, fructose, many lipids, and trans fatty acids). An emerging observation with a possibly great future is the increase in intestinal permeability observed as a consequence of high fat intake or bacterial modifications in microbiota, whereby substances normally not crossing the gut gain access to the liver, where inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation leads to fatty liver, a situation observed very early in the development of diabetes. The visceral adipose tissue located nearby is another main source of inflammatory substances and oxidative stress, and also acts on hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, resulting in stimulation of macrophages. Liberation of these substances, in particular triglycerides and inflammation factors, into the circulation leads to ectopic fat deposition and vascular damage. Therefore, the liver is directly involved in the development of the prediabetic cardiometabolic syndrome. Treatments are mainly metformin, and possibly statins and vitamin D. A very promising avenue is treatment of the leaky gut, which appears increasingly to be an important causal factor in hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wiernsperger
- INSERM French Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1060, National Institute of Applied Sciences, Lyon, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Individual and joint impacts of ethanol use, BMI, age and gender on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in healthy volunteers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11929-41. [PMID: 23736697 PMCID: PMC3709764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption, obesity and increasing age may all lead to increased serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme, which plays a key role in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione. However, as yet, the interactions between the various modulators of GGT activities have remained poorly defined. We analyzed data from 15,617 apparently healthy individuals (7254 men and 8363 women, mean age 46 ± 13 years, range 25–74 years) who participated in a national cross-sectional health survey in Finland between 1997 and 2007. All subjects underwent detailed clinical examinations and interviews, including the amount of ethanol use and smoking habits. GGT levels were measured from all participants, and the individual and joint impacts of the different study variables on GGT levels were assessed. Significant individual effects were noted for ethanol use (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001) and smoking (p < 0.001). In men, significant two-factor interactions occurred between ethanol use and age (p < 0.020). Among those over 40 years of age, ethanol consumption was found to be a stronger determinant of increased GGT levels than in men below 40 years, whereas in the latter age group, BMI was found to predominate. In women, a significant two-factor interaction occurred between ethanol and BMI (p = 0.010), whereas it did not with ethanol use and age. The data underscores the role of ethanol consumption and age as major determinants of increased GGT levels in men, whereas in women, a relatively stronger impact was noted for ethanol intake and BMI. In light of the ability of GGT enzyme to modulate crucial redox-sensitive functions, the present findings also support the use of GGT as a biomarker of oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
39
|
H A K. The Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase - A Non invasive Diagnostic Bio Marker of Chronic Anicteric Non Alcoholic Liver Diseases. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:691-4. [PMID: 23730648 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5569.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels rise and return to normal levels later in the chronic anicteric non alcoholic liver diseases than the transaminases levels. So, the estimation of GGT is of some value in monitoring the progress of acute to chronic hepatitis, when the values persist in high levels. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the serum GGT levels in patients with chronic anicteric non alcoholic liver diseases and to show that it can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic anicteric non alcoholic liver disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case control study, in which 50 cases and 50 controls were selected.The liver function tests with a special reference to the serum level of GGT were measured in the laboratory for both the cases and the controls and the serum GGT levels of the cases were compared with those of the controls. The Chi-square and the Fisher exact tests were used to find the significance of the proportions of the study parameters between the cases and the controls. The Student's t test (two tailed) was used to find the significance mean pattern of the study parameters between the cases and the controls. RESULTS The mean serum GGT level was 38.73±11 IU/L in the cases and in the controls, it was 20.42±9 IU/L(p<0.001).The mean value of serum ALT was 41.37±12.5 vs 16.3±8iu/l(p<0.001), that of AST was 28.14±8 vs 17.56±8.5iu/l(p<0.05), that of total bilirubin was 0.9±0.3 vs 0.5±0.2mg/dl and that of serum albumin was 4.17±0.6 vs 4.5±0.75gm/dl, as were seen in the cases and the controls respectively. CONCLUSION The serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level was elevated more consistently along with the alanine transaminase level in all types of anicteric nonalcoholic chronic liver diseases. The alanine transminase level has already been proved to be a marker in the diagnosis of chronic anicteric nonalcoholic liver diseases. So, in view of the persistent elevation, along with the high sensitivity, the elevated gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level can also be used as a noninvasive bio marker of chronic anicteric nonalcoholic liver diseases for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamurthy H A
- Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Srinivasa Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center , Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka-574146, India
| |
Collapse
|