1
|
Claing A, Dugal C, Brassard A, Lafontaine MF, Savard C, Godbout N. Anxiety, Depression, and Comorbid Symptomatology: Different Forms and Severity of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by Men Seeking Help. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2024; 39:332-350. [PMID: 39107071 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue associated with numerous deleterious outcomes. Previous studies highlighted the relevance of documenting psychological predictors of IPV to identify prevention strategies. This study examined the links between anxious and depressive symptomatology and perpetrated physical, psychological, and sexual violence among 494 French-Canadian men seeking help for IPV-related difficulties. Differences in the frequency of perpetrated IPV were examined across four groups: (a) no anxious or depressive symptoms reaching a cutoff of high distress, (b) symptoms of anxiety, (c) symptoms of depression, and (d) comorbid symptoms. Results highlighted that men with comorbid symptoms perpetrated significantly more severe violent acts compared to the other groups. This study underscores the importance of targeting the reduction of psychological distress when treating men who perpetrated IPV.
Collapse
|
2
|
Domingos VAC, de Lira AN. Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence with Gay Men: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2264-2281. [PMID: 37997339 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231209738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon and may involve different risk and protective factors, as well as people of different sexual orientations, including gay men. Despite scientific evidence of the high prevalence of victimization and perpetration of this phenomenon, IPV in gay men is still largely invisible. The aim of this study was to map the risk and protective factors related to IPV among gay cis men based on a literature review. The Scopus, PsycNET, Pubmed, BVS-Psi, and SciELO databases were searched to retrieve articles published between 2018 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used to map the risk and protective factors of the 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Among the results, most studies investigated the risk factors for victimization of IPV, despite showing the high prevalence of bidirectionality in IPV among gay men. In addition, multiple risk and protective factors (individual, relational, and socio-community) have been shown to be associated with IPV among gay men. Mapping risk and protective factors for IPV at different ecological levels makes it possible to identify a more accurate profile of gay men's vulnerabilities, in addition to enabling the construction of more systemic interventions, which are multisectoral with specific prevention strategies, for IPV among gay men.
Collapse
|
3
|
Harris RJ, Channon AA, Morgan SA. Childhood exposure to domestic violence: can global estimates on the scale of exposure be obtained using existing measures? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1181837. [PMID: 38841674 PMCID: PMC11150823 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1181837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) can lead to major short- and long-term effects on the victim. Despite this, there is no accepted measure for children's experiences, with most existing measures being validated only in high income countries and not in low- and middle- income countries. As a result, international statistics are not comparable. This paper seeks to critically appraise existing measures and discuss whether any are fit-for-purpose on a global scale. Method The COSMIN PROMs approach was followed to critically appraise and compare the appropriateness of measures. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in seven journal databases for measures mentioned in formally peer-reviewed articles exploring childhood exposure to DVA. Results A literature search resulted in the identification of 10 measures and, following criteria to only keep original measures and remove modifications, four measures which have been validated cross-culturally are discussed in detail in line with the COSMIN PROMs criterion: The Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale, Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire and The Violence Exposure Scale for Children. Strengths and limitations of each are discussed, along with any validations undertaken not in the country of origin. Conclusion Despite childhood exposure to DVA being an urgent research priority worldwide, the current measures to explore the extent of the issue are not validated cross-culturally, leading to concerns about comparisons across different population groups. The development and implementation of interventions to reduce the levels and effects of exposure relies heavily on cross-cultural comparisons, which may indicate different strategies are needed in different contexts. The lack of these validated comparisons is constraining advances, and the paper advocates for further efforts to be made in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jane Harris
- Centre for Global Health and Policy, Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Amos Channon
- Centre for Global Health and Policy, Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Afshar Morgan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu J, Exner-Cortens D, Dobson K, Wells L, Noel M, Madigan S. Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence: A meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:929-943. [PMID: 37009672 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a significant public health concern. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent one risk factor for IPV, however, the results of existing research on the association between ACEs and IPV demonstrate mixed findings. The present research sought to meta-analytically examine the association between ACEs and (a) IPV perpetration and (b) IPV victimization. Moderator analyses were conducted to determine factors that may impact the association between ACEs and IPV involvement. Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO in August of 2021. One-hundred and twenty-three records were screened for inclusion. All studies included a measure of ACEs and IPV victimization or perpetration. Among the 27 studies and 41 samples included in the meta-analysis, 65,330 participants were included. The results of the meta-analyses demonstrated that ACEs were positively associated with IPV perpetration and victimization. Significant methodological and measurement moderators further inform our understanding of ACEs and IPV involvement. The present meta-analyses demonstrates that trauma-informed approaches to IPV screening, prevention, and intervention may be useful, given that individuals who are involved with IPV may be more likely to possess a history of ACEs exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenney Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deinera Exner-Cortens
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Dobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lana Wells
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Bussières ÈL, Nolin MC, Daspe MÈ. Partner Effects of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1150-1167. [PMID: 37209135 PMCID: PMC10913306 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231173427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have shown that childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with a host of negative consequences including romantic relationship difficulties for victims in adulthood, most overlooked the potential effects on the romantic partner. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively synthesize the literature on the association between a person's CM and their partner's individual and couple outcomes. We searched PubMed, PsycNET, Medline, CINAHL, and Eric using search strings related to CM and partner. We identified 3,238 articles after removal of duplicates; 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and relied on independent sample. The studies reported associations between a person's CM and a wide breadth of partner's negative couple outcomes (e.g., communication, sexuality) as well as intra-individual psychological difficulties (e.g., psychological distress, emotion, and stress reactivity). Meta-analytic results showed significant, but trivial to small associations between a person's CM and their partner's lower relationship satisfaction (r = -.09, 95% CI [-.14, -.04]), higher intimate partner violence (r = .08, [.05, .12]), and higher psychological distress (r = .11, [.06, .16]). These associations were similar for women and men and did not differ as a function of sample's mean age, proportion of cultural diversity, and publication year. These findings suggest that a person's CM is related to their partner's outcomes including to the partner's intra-individual outcomes. Prevention and intervention strategies should acknowledge that a person's CM may also affect their romantic partner, considering the couple as a reciprocal system, and offer victims' romantic partners specific services.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mootz JJ, Spencer CM, Ettelbrick J, Kann B, Fortunato dos Santos P, Palmer M, Stith SM. Risk Markers for Victimization and Perpetration of Male-to-Female Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3433-3444. [PMID: 36373646 PMCID: PMC10583092 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221129589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) incurs significant public health consequences. Understanding risk markers can accelerate prevention and response efforts, important in settings like Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where resources are scarce. In this study, four databases were searched to identify studies that examined risk markers for male-to-female physical IPV. With application of the socioecological model, we analyzed 11 risk markers for male physical IPV perpetration (with 71 effect sizes) and 16 risk markers for female physical IPV victimization (with 131 effect sizes) in SSA from 51 studies. For male IPV perpetration, we found medium-to-large effect sizes for six risk markers: perpetrating emotional abuse and sexual IPV, witnessing parental IPV, being abused as a child, cohabitating (not married), and exhibiting controlling behaviors. We found small effect sizes for substance use. Employment, age, marital status, and education were not significant risk markers. For female IPV victimization, a medium effect size was found for post-traumatic stress symptoms. Small effect sizes were found for reporting depressive symptoms, being abused as a child, witnessing parental IPV, and reporting drug and alcohol use. Rural residence, approval of violence, length of relationship, income, education, employment, age, marital status, and religiosity were not significant risk markers. Findings highlight opportunities for screening and intervention at the couple level, show the need to test and incorporate interventions for IPV in mental health treatment, and emphasize the importance of further research on sociodemographic risk markers and the interventions that target them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Mootz
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | | | | | - Bianca Kann
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim C, Vasquez L, Rajah V. The Impact of Child Polyvictimization and Cultural Factors on Lifetime Intimate Partner Violence Among Salvadoran Women. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2681-2698. [PMID: 37671584 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231199105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of child abuse on intimate partner violence (IPV) among a representative sample of 3,296 women using the Violence Against Women National Survey data from El Salvador. We found that child physical, sexual, and psychological abuse were independently associated with IPV, and experiencing child polyvictimization, along with having a controlling husband increased the risk of IPV victimization. To prevent child abuse (poly)victimization and IPV, and its negative consequences in El Salvador, implementing programs that focus on group training for women and men, as well as, community mobilizations that involve multiple stakeholders with multiple approaches would be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrye Kim
- Sociology and Criminal Justice Department, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lidia Vasquez
- Department of Criminal Justice, John Jay College/Graduate Center CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valli Rajah
- Department of Sociology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Doctoral Program in Criminal Justice, Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaughnessy EV, Simons RM, Simons JS, Freeman H. Risk factors for traumatic bonding and associations with PTSD symptoms: A moderated mediation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106390. [PMID: 37572529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic bonding, defined as attachment to a perpetrator of intimate partner violence (IPV), offers one explanation as to why many people with abusive romantic partners do not break off these relationships. But what individual-level risk factors make some victims of IPV more likely than others to develop traumatic bonding toward their partners? What is the nature of the potential association between traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms? PARTICIPANTS A path model tested the potential roles of childhood maltreatment and attachment insecurity as risk factors for traumatic bonding, as well as the potential association between traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms, in a high-risk sample of 354 participants in current abusive relationships. RESULTS As hypothesized, childhood maltreatment and attachment insecurity significantly predicted traumatic bonding over and above the effects of age, gender, and romantic love. In addition, attachment insecurity moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and traumatic bonding, such that at higher levels of attachment insecurity, the association between childhood maltreatment and traumatic bonding was stronger than at mean or lower levels of attachment insecurity. Traumatic bonding was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results support the role of childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for both traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms and highlight the importance of attachment insecurity in these associations. This was the first study to examine a complex model of risk factors for traumatic bonding. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Shaughnessy
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, United States of America.
| | - Raluca M Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Harry Freeman
- Division of Counseling & Psychology in Education, University of South Dakota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Livings MS, Hsiao V, Withers M. Breaking the Cycle of Family Violence: A Critique of Family Violence Interventions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2544-2559. [PMID: 35538418 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221098049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the intergenerational transmission of family violence is associated with numerous negative outcomes, interventions are needed to interrupt this cycle. Our aim is to review the family violence intervention literature and to assess whether and how interventions interrupt the intergenerational transmission of family violence. Papers about interventions were identified through database searches (PubMed, JSTOR, CINAHL, PsycINFO), supplemented by review of references and relevant review papers. Eligibility criteria included: empirical studies detailing interventions to interrupt or prevent child abuse/maltreatment and/or intimate partner violence, published between January 2000 and August 2020, and written in English. Of the 14 papers included in this narrative review, only 3 explicitly stated that they aimed to break the cycle of family violence; 12 papers came from high-income countries, and 10 focused on individuals, with half focusing on mothers. We identify effective intervention approaches, including long-term one-on-one coaching and home visits to improve parenting. Results demonstrate a dose-response relationship, suggesting the lasting value of increased intervention frequency and duration. We highlight gaps in the literature, including the need for interventions in low-income countries, and those geared toward fathers and neighborhoods/communities. We also examine the many methodological challenges of this work, such as possible biases related to the use of retrospective data, lack of objective outcome measures, and absence of long-term follow-up. Our recommendations for future research include incorporating trauma-informed frameworks, developing standardized definitions and measures to facilitate the comparison of intervention results, and designing more interventions specifically for fathers/husbands and for the prevention of intimate partner violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Livings
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victor Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brühl A, Ward CL, Lachman JM, Foran HM, Raleva M, Baban A, Heinrichs N. Co-Occurrence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Mothers and Maltreatment of Their Children With Behavioral Problems in Eastern Europe. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2439-2463. [PMID: 37475529 PMCID: PMC10496420 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231188090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against mothers and their risk of perpetrating child maltreatment (CM) in North Macedonia, the Republic of Moldova, and Romania. Risk factors for IPV, CM, and their co-occurrence were identified. Two samples (N1 = 112, N2 = 701) of mothers with children with behavioral problems were assessed. IPV was reported by 64% of mothers, CM by 96%, and their co-occurrence by 63%. Mothers exposed to emotional IPV reported more physical and emotional CM. Mothers exposed to physical IPV reported more physical CM. Motheŕs own history of CM and offspring's behavior problems were associated with IPV and CM co-occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Brühl
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Catherine L. Ward
- Department of Psychology and Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jamie M. Lachman
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Heather M. Foran
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria
| | - Marija Raleva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje,
North Macedonia
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj County, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lysova A, Dim EE. Nonintimate Polyvictimization and the Severity of Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Men. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:573-592. [PMID: 37380342 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of research on the relation of men's cumulative experiences of nonintimate victimization (polyvictimization) to their victimization in intimate relationships. This study examines the association between nonintimate polyvictimization (including being abused as a child, cyberbullied, stalked, physically assaulted, and experiencing property crime) and the severity of intimate partner violence victimization in men. The sample of 8,784 men in current married/common-law relationships was drawn from a random sample of the 2014 Canadian General Social Survey. About 3% of the men (an estimate of about 265,000 men in Canada) experienced the most severe forms of partner abuse, including the combination of emotional abuse and controlling behaviors, physical violence, and the resulted injuries. Among these severely abused men, about one-third were polyvictims. As expected, a nonintimate polyvictimization predicted the increased severity of male partner abuse victimization, controlling for sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of preventing nonintimate polyvictimization of men that can help reduce their partner violence victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lysova
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eugene E Dim
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van der Westhuizen M, Walker-Williams HJ, Fouché A. Meaning Making Mechanisms in Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1363-1386. [PMID: 35109730 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211066100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex and prevalent problem with devastating long-term consequences for survivors. Despite these consequences, some survivors seem to find a source of meaning and fulfillment throughout their recovery process, which may facilitate resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, little is known from the literature about the specific meaning making mechanisms that CSA survivors experience. A scoping review was conducted by searching relevant journals and several online databases such as EbscoHost, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies published in English and that discussed meaning making as a topic of recovery from CSA in the context of women survivors' experiences were included, where a total of 57 articles were selected including qualitative (n = 32), quantitative (n = 9), mixed method (n = 9), and review (n = 7) articles. Using thematic analysis, the results of the scoping review found four mechanisms of meaning making and seven sources of meaning describing the meaning making processes of women survivors of CSA. The mechanisms were identified as being benevolent; restoring and empowering the inner self; mobilizing external and social resources; and lastly actively integrating the trauma narrative. This study contributes toward the global knowledge base on meaning making mechanisms of women survivors of CSA by providing the first known summary of studies to date. Future research is recommended to further confirm these findings to inform treatment interventions for women survivors of CSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ansie Fouché
- Compress, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kwon M, You S. Gender and role associations between domestic violence during childhood and dating violence: Victimization among male college students mediated through violence justification beliefs. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 141:106233. [PMID: 37196597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the victimization experiences of male college students in dating relationships are gaining increasing scholarly attention, there is still limited empirical evidence and theoretical understanding of the mechanism through which male victims of domestic violence experience subsequent dating violence. OBJECTIVE This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms through which male victimization of domestic violence during childhood transmits to dating violence experience in adulthood. Whether the intergenerational transmission of violence may be explained by gendered pathways or by male participants' identification with the victim's position will be tested. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included 526 South Korean male college students in Seoul. METHODS Child abuse, witnessing interparental violence, and beliefs justifying and accepting violence were divided based on the gender of the offender and victim to assess distinct effects. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the relationships between dating violence victimization and child abuse/witnessing interparental violence and the mediation effect of beliefs justifying violence in the relationships between the variables. RESULTS Both paternal and maternal abuse have significant direct relationships with male dating violence victimization. Witnessing mother-to-father violence had a significant and direct relationship with male victimization while witnessing father-to-mother violence did not. The mediation effect of justification of female-to-male violence was confirmed between witnessing mother-initiated violence and male victimization, whereas justification of male-to-female violence did not show a mediating effect between witnessing father-initiated violence and male victimization. CONCLUSION Both role and gender associations were confirmed. The results imply that there are different ways through which children learn about violence. More specific targets should be addressed in education programs to break the vicious cycle of violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukkyung You
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
St-Pierre Bouchard J, Brassard A, Lefebvre AA, Dugal C, Lafontaine MF, Savard C, Daspe MÈ, Péloquin K, Godbout N. Cumulative Childhood Trauma, Communication Patterns, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by Men Seeking Help. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6843-6864. [PMID: 36452964 PMCID: PMC10052413 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221138651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and multifactorial public health problem associated with important physical and psychological repercussions. Recent studies suggest that cumulative childhood trauma (CCT) may be related to higher IPV perpetration through dysfunctional communication patterns, but to our knowledge, no study has tested this proposition in a clinical population. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect links between CCT and perpetrated IPV through dysfunctional communication patterns among 577 men seeking help from community centers specializing in IPV. Prior to receiving services, participants completed a battery of questionnaires including validated brief measures of CCT (sexual, physical, and psychological abuse; physical and psychological neglect; witnessing of physical and psychological parental violence; bullying), communication patterns (demand/demand, partner demands/man withdraws, man demands/partner withdraws), and IPV (psychological, physical, coercive control). Results from a path analysis reveal that having sustained a higher number of different forms of childhood trauma is directly related to men's higher risk of perpetrating psychological IPV. CCT is also indirectly related to higher perpetrated psychological and physical IPV and coercive control through a higher report of the demand/demand communication pattern and a higher report of the man demands/partner withdraws communication pattern. The tested model explains 23% of the variance in psychological IPV, 6% of the variance in physical IPV, and 12% of the variance in coercive control. Results highlight the importance of assessing, in therapy, both distal and proximal variables associated with IPV, including the accumulation of many forms of childhood interpersonal trauma, and to tailor trauma-informed interventions that promote constructive communication strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Brassard
- University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
| | - Audrey-Ann Lefebvre
- University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Dugal
- University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
| | | | - Claudia Savard
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
- Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Daspe
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
- University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine Péloquin
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
- University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), QC, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meinck F, Woollett N, Franchino-Olsen H, Silima M, Thurston C, Fouché A, Monaisa K, Christofides N. Interrupting the intergenerational cycle of violence: protocol for a three-generational longitudinal mixed-methods study in South Africa (INTERRUPT_VIOLENCE). BMC Public Health 2023; 23:395. [PMID: 36849941 PMCID: PMC9969039 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence is a global social and human rights issue with serious public health implications across the life-course. Interpersonal violence is transmitted across generations and there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of this transmission to identify and inform interventions and policies for prevention and response. We lack an evidence-base for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the intra- and intergenerational transmission of violence as well as potential for intervention, particularly in regions with high rates of interpersonal violence such as sub-Saharan Africa. The study has three aims: 1) to identify mechanisms of violence transmission across generations and by gender through quantitative and qualitative methods; 2) to examine the effect of multiple violence experience on health outcomes, victimisation and perpetration; 3) to investigate the effect of structural risk factors on violence transmission; and 4) to examine protective interventions and policies to reduce violence and improve health outcomes. METHODS INTERRUPT_VIOLENCE is a mixed-methods three-generational longitudinal study. It builds on a two-wave existing cohort study of 1665 adolescents in South Africa interviewed in 2010/11 and 2011/12. For wave three and possible future waves, the original participants (now young adults), their oldest child (aged 6+), and their former primary caregiver will be recruited. Quantitative surveys will be carried out followed by qualitative in-depth interviews with a subset of 30 survey families. Adults will provide informed consent, while children will be invited to assent following adult consent for child participation. Stringent distress and referral protocols will be in place for the study. Triangulation will be used to deepen interpretation of findings. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically, quantitative data using advanced longitudinal modelling. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Edinburgh, University of the Witwatersrand, North-West University, and the Provincial Department of Health Mpumalanga. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, policy briefs, and at scientific meetings. DISCUSSION The proposed study represents a major scientific advance in understanding the transmission and prevention of violence and associated health outcomes and will impact a critically important societal and public health challenge of our time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD UK
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- OPTENTIA, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Nataly Woollett
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Visual Arts, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD UK
| | - Mpho Silima
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christina Thurston
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD UK
| | - Ansie Fouché
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Compres, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kopano Monaisa
- OPTENTIA, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scott-Storey K, O’Donnell S, Perrin N, Wuest J. Cumulative Lifetime Violence, Gender, Social Determinants of Health and Mental Health in Canadian Men: A Latent Class Analysis. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023; 39:665-680. [PMID: 38644980 PMCID: PMC11031490 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Among men, violence is pervasive and associated with poor mental health, but little is known about which men are most vulnerable. Our purpose is to address this gap by exploring mental health and social determinants of health (SDOH) including gender role conflict (GRC) in heterogenous groups of men with distinct patterns of cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) as target and perpetrator. Methods Latent class analysis was conducted using means of 64 indicators of CLV severity collected from a community sample of 685 eastern Canadian men, ages 19 to 65 years. Class differences by SDOH, and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were explored with Chi-square and analysis of variance. Results A 4-class solution was optimal. Class 1 had the lowest CLV severity; were more likely to be better educated, employed, and have little difficulty living on their incomes; and had better mental health than other classes. Class 2, characterized by moderate psychological violence as both target and perpetrator, had mean depression and PTSD scores at clinical levels, and more difficulty living on income than Class 1. Classes 3 and 4 were typified by high severity CLV as target but differentiated by Class 4 having the highest perpetration severity, higher GRC, and being older. In both classes, mean mental health scores were above cut-offs for clinical symptomology and higher than Classes 1 and 2. Conclusion This is the first evidence that distinct patterns of CLV severity among men intersect with GRC and SDOH and are uniquely associated with mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sue O’Donnell
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB Canada
| | - Nancy Perrin
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Judith Wuest
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Rosen NO, Péloquin K, Bergeron S. Maltreatment in Childhood and Perceived Partner Responsiveness in Adult Romantic Relationships: A Dyadic Daily Diary and Longitudinal Study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:163-175. [PMID: 34866414 PMCID: PMC9806463 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211057230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between childhood maltreatment (CM) and the mean-level of perceived partner responsiveness (PPR; the extent to which individuals feel cared for, understood, and validated by their partner) over 35 days, the day-to-day variability in PPR, and the initial levels and trajectories of PPR over 1 year in community couples. Both members of 228 couples completed a self-reported measure of CM and provided daily reports of PPR over 35 days and retrospective reports of PPR at three time points over 1 year. A person's greater CM was related to a lower mean level of PPR over 35 days and to a lower initial level of their own PPR. A person's sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect had an effect over and above other forms of CM in these associations. A person's greater CM was also related to higher day-to-day variability in their own and their partner's PPR, and a person's greater emotional neglect was associated with a sharper decrease over time in their own PPR. These findings provide a more fine-grained understanding of how CM may affect the perceptions of being cared about, accepted, and validated by a partner on a daily basis and over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie O. Rosen
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Manral IT, Panjrattan C, Saini RK, Roy S, Singh A. A multi-speciality approach to the protection of children from sexual offences act: A review. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:4-8. [PMID: 37274576 PMCID: PMC10236663 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_169_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Children constitute vulnerable section of the society, and governments have moral responsibility to safeguard their interests and safety. It does so by enacting various laws and providing framework for its implementation. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is widely prevalent in all societies and World Health Organization has promulgated broad guidelines against such practices. There are enough provisions against such perpetrators in India and suitable amendments have been provisioned based on inputs from various sections of the society. This article delves into the provisions of the act, its medicolegal application, and psychodynamics of such behaviors among the perpetrators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita T. Manral
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Carol Panjrattan
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajiv K. Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shuvendu Roy
- Department of Paediatrics, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ray TN, Parkhill MR. Profiles of Childhood Victimization as Predictors of Sexual Aggression and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration. Violence Against Women 2022:10778012221145298. [PMID: 36575637 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221145298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study utilized a latent profile analysis to evaluate distinct combinations of men's childhood victimization experiences and their communal predictive ability for sexual aggression (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Men living in the United States (N = 399) completed assessments of emotional, physical, and sexual childhood victimization, as well as SA and IPV toward women. The results indicated that members of profiles characterized by moderate to high frequencies of childhood victimization-especially sexual victimization-were at increased risk of SA and IPV perpetration. Contrary to expectations, adult- versus peer-perpetrated victimization did not appear to substantially alter risk of perpetration.
Collapse
|
20
|
Brassard A, Charbachi N, Claing A, Godbout N, Savard C, Lafontaine MF, Péloquin K. Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dyadic Empathy, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Seeking Psychological Help. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22114-NP22134. [PMID: 35089108 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211069690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) have both been associated with numerous negative repercussions. The first aim of this study is to understand IPV perpetrated by men within a clinical population, by examining the effects of two potential predictors: CSA and dyadic empathy (cognitive and emotional). The second aim of this study is to explore whether dyadic empathy is an intermediary variable of the association between CSA and IPV. A sample of 198 men (aged 18-69 years old) who were seeking help for relationship problems, completed a set of self-administered questionnaires. While controlling for social desirability and family violence history, our findings outlined the mediating and moderating role of dyadic empathy in the link between CSA and perpetrated psychological, but not physical, IPV. Emotional empathy mediated and moderated the link between CSA and psychological IPV, whereas cognitive empathy only moderated this link. The examination of the direct links between the variables also revealed that CSA was related to lower emotional empathy and higher rates of both types of IPV. In addition, cognitive empathy was negatively associated with physical and psychological IPV, whereas emotional empathy was positively associated with psychological IPV. This study contributes to the literature by documenting some of the mechanisms that could explain the perpetration of IPV and highlights the importance of investigating CSA and empathy in men who are seeking help.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Brassard
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | - Noëlle Charbachi
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Claing
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | - Natacha Godbout
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Savard
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
- Departement of Fundamentals and Basics in Education, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Péloquin
- The Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Robles G, Bosco SC, Cardenas I, Hostetter J, Starks TJ. Psychosocial and Culturally-Specific Factors Related to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization among a Sample of Latino Sexual Minority Cis Men in the U.S. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22501-NP22527. [PMID: 35166599 PMCID: PMC9376202 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research illustrates that sexual minority men (SMM) experience elevated rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to heterosexual individuals. Researchers have examined the relationship between minority stress and IPV victimization among sexual minority men. A majority of the IPV research identifying risk factors associated with IPV victimization among SMM have sampled predominately non-Hispanic White SMM, while Latino SMM are consistently under-represented in IPV research. This study examines the associations between (1) co-occurring psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, childhood sexual abuse, drug use, and problematic drinking) and (2) Latino-specific minority stress factors (e.g., U.S.-born, language, race/ethnic identities, and discrimination) on IPV victimization in a nationwide sample of Latino SMM. Data were collected from Latino SMM aged 18 or older, identified as cis-male, and in a romantic relationship with a cis-male partner (N = 530). The participants were recruited through social media and geo-location-based dating mobile applications. A majority (72%) of the sample reported IPV victimization in their lifetime. Specific to forms of IPV, more than half (51.9%) of the sample reported monitoring behaviors, while 49.6% reported emotional IPV, 45.1% reported physical IPV, 31.5% reported controlling behaviors, and 22.3% reported HIV-related IPV. In multivariable models, psychosocial and Latino-specific factors were associated with the increased likelihood of IPV victimization. Regarding Latino-specific factors, being born in the U.S. and race-based discrimination predicted IPV victimization. These findings highlight the extent to which minority stress elevates the risk of IPV for Latino SMM and point to the need to address social factors in IPV prevention services. Further, work on SMM IPV victimization tends to focus on the potential role of sexual orientation-related discrimination, whereas the current study points to the importance of race-based discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Stephen C. Bosco
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Iris Cardenas
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McTavish JR, Chandra PS, Stewart DE, Herrman H, MacMillan HL. Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence in Mental Health Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315672. [PMID: 36497747 PMCID: PMC9735990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, and children's exposure to IPV) are two of the most common types of family violence; they are associated with a broad range of health consequences. We summarize evidence addressing the need for safe and culturally-informed clinical responses to child maltreatment and IPV, focusing on mental health settings. This considers clinical features of child maltreatment and IPV; applications of rights-based and trauma- and violence-informed care; how to ask about potential experiences of violence; safe responses to disclosures; assessment and interventions that include referral networks and resources developed in partnership with multidisciplinary and community actors; and the need for policy and practice frameworks, appropriate training and continuing professional development provisions and resources for mental health providers. Principles for a common approach to recognizing and safely responding to child maltreatment and IPV are discussed, recognizing the needs in well-resourced and scarce resource settings, and for marginalized groups in any setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill R. McTavish
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. North, Hamilton, ON L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - Prabha S. Chandra
- NIMHANS Hospital, Hosur Rd, near Bangalore Milk Dairy, Hombegowda Nagar, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Donna E. Stewart
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, 7EN229, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Helen Herrman
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Harriet L. MacMillan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. North, Hamilton, ON L8L 8E7, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre 3A, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vargas-Fernández R, Visconti-Lopez FJ, Hernández-Vásquez A. Physical abuse in childhood and intimate partner violence in Peruvian women: A population-based survey, 2019. Prev Med 2022; 164:107278. [PMID: 36162489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem and a violation of individual rights. The objective of this study was to assess the association between physical child abuse and current IPV in women of childbearing age in Peru. An analytical cross-sectional analysis of the data from the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey was carried out. IPV was constituted by emotional, physical and sexual violence, while physical child abuse was constructed from variables related to physical punishment that women of childbearing age experienced during childhood. Poisson's family generalized linear models were used for the crude and adjusted analyses to determine the association between physical child abuse and IPV. Data from a total of 21,518 women of childbearing age were included. 67.1% of women experienced physical abuse in childhood, while 57.7% experienced intimate partner violence. After adjusting for the characteristics of the woman, the partner or husband, marriage or relationship and the home, it was observed that having experienced physical abuse during childhood increased the probability of experiencing emotional (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.21), physical (aPR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20-1.47), sexual (aPR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.26-1.96) and any type of violence (aPR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09-1.21) in adulthood. In conclusion, physical abuse during childhood is a public health issue in Peru. This study shows that women aged 15 to 49 who experienced physical abuse in childhood are more likely to experience intimate partner violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
van Tilburg CA, van Dam A, de Wolf-Jacobs E, de Ruiter C, Smeets T. Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Dutch Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators: Development of a Coding Manual for Therapist Interventions. Int J Group Psychother 2022; 72:305-330. [PMID: 38446551 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2022.2105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study investigated which types of interventions are made by group therapists during group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) with individuals who have perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) in the "Not 'Losing It' Anymore"(NLIA) outpatient programs across the Netherlands. Audio recordings of group sessions (N = 60) facilitated by 13 co-therapist teams across 25 different groups were analyzed using the general inductive approach. Fifteen distinct therapist interventions were identified, categorized, and described using examples from the data. Two categories of interventions could be distinguished: CBT interventions and process-oriented interventions. In future research the coding manual can be tested for interrater reliability and might be used in research on the effectiveness of GCBT therapist interventions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cao H, Ma R, Li X, Liang Y, Wu Q, Chi P, Li JB, Zhou N. Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Adulthood Romantic Relationship Well-Being: A Multilevel, Meta-Analytic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:778-794. [PMID: 33267741 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020975895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, research on the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood romantic relationship well-being has been accumulating, but there still lacks a systematic, quantitative evaluation of existing research. This three-level, meta-analysis aimed to fill this gap. Reports were included if they examined the link between early emotional maltreatment and adulthood romantic relationship well-being, presented statistics needed to calculate at least one bivariate effect size, written in English, and published/written before January 1, 2020. We retrieved 201 effect sizes from 23 reports. Early emotional maltreatment (aggregated across forms) was negatively (yet modestly) associated with later romantic relationship well-being (aggregated across dimensions; r = -.143, 95% confidence interval [-.173, -.114], p < .001). This association did not vary as a function of maltreatment form but differed across relationship well-being dimensions, such that the effect was stronger for the negative than for the positive relationship outcomes. We also found that (a) the actor effect was larger than the partner effect, (b) the effect was stronger in studies using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) than in studies not using CTQ, (c) whether using established measures of relationship well-being did not alter the effect, (d) the absolute magnitude of effect was negatively associated with methodological rigor of effect, and (e) the effect did not vary as functions of publication type, whether the sample was a college student sample, or union status, and was not related to the mean of union duration. Last, the limitations of existing research, avenues for future inquiries, and implications for practice were noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Institute of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Rongzi Ma
- Faculty of Psychology, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, 8041The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yue Liang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Qinglu Wu
- Department of Psychology, 59193University of Macau, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, 59193University of Macau, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, 66390The Education University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology and School Counseling, Faculty of Education, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Voith LA, Lee H, Russell K. How Trauma, Depression, and Gender Roles Lead to Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among a Sample of Predominately Low-Income Black, Indigenous, Men of Color: A Mixed Methods Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP6487-NP6513. [PMID: 33084470 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and significant efforts by practitioners and advocates, intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States remains a public health issue that disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. The lack of mixed methods and qualitative studies, particularly with Black, Indigenous, Men of Color (BIMOC), limits the field's ability to tease apart the complex, multifaceted aspects of IPV perpetration and minimizes diverse perspectives of how childhood trauma and key proximal factors culminate in IPV perpetration. An explanatory design, follow-up explanations model, was used with a sample of predominately low-income BIMOC in a batterer intervention program (BIP). Associations between IPV and theoretically supported factors (e.g., trauma symptoms, depression, gender roles) were examined using a cross-sectional survey (N = 67) with ordinary least squares regression. Following up, processes explaining how these factors might lead to IPV perpetration were explored using semistructured interviews (N = 11) with narrative analysis. Results indicate that depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms together predict men's IPV perpetration. Participants' collective narrative explains how key factors-such as adverse childhood experiences, PTSD, depression, social isolation, anger, and restricted emotionality-work together to culminate in IPV perpetration. Findings shed light on potential trajectories and antecedents that manifest in IPV perpetration, providing implications for practice techniques and program development with low-income BIMOC in BIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunjune Lee
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoskins N, Kunkel A. "I Didn't Really Have Anybody to Turn To": Barriers to Social Support and the Experiences of Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5317-NP5343. [PMID: 32975463 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520961869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Social support is crucial for adapting to stress and trauma, processing adverse emotions, developing better mental health, and garnering relationship success. Yet, social support may not always be accessible to those who need it the most. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study examined how men who have perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) perceived the availability and adequacy of social ties, as well as how they discursively constructed social support during times of childhood adversity. Results indicated a prevalence of trauma in attachment relationships, a lack of perceived social support, and persistent messages that discouraged help seeking and engendered masculine norms (e.g., self-reliance, aggression, rejection of femininity, restrictive emotionality) and communication styles. The current study illustrates how the effects of adverse childhood experiences may be exacerbated by the absence of positive social ties and adherence to masculine gender norms governing communication. Thus, the protective benefit (or the "buffering effect") of social support appears to be inaccessible for this specific population. Findings suggest so-called "batterer intervention program" groups could provide measures to increase perpetrators' sense of social support during the intervention process and work to deconstruct additional masculine gender beliefs (i.e., in addition to power and control) to alleviate some of social and psychological effects of early childhood adversity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fatkin T, Moore SK, Okst K, Creedon TB, Samawi F, Fredericksen AK, Roll D, Oxnard A, Lê Cook B, Schuman-Olivier Z. Feasibility and acceptability of mindful recovery opioid use care continuum (M-ROCC): A concurrent mixed methods study. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 130:108415. [PMID: 34118705 PMCID: PMC8478704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As opioid overdose deaths increase, buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) treatment is expanding, yet almost half of patients are not retained in B/N treatment. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) designed to promote non-judgmental awareness of present moment experience may be complementary to B/N treatment and offer the potential to enhance retention by reducing substance use and addressing comorbid symptoms. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of the Mindful Recovery OUD Care Continuum (M-ROCC), a trauma-informed, motivationally sensitive, 24-week MBI. Participants (N = 18) were adults with Opioid Use Disorder prescribed B/N. The study team conducted assessments of satisfaction, mindfulness levels, and home practice, as well as qualitative interviews at 4 and 24-weeks. M-ROCC was feasible in a sample with high rates of childhood trauma and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses with 89% of participants retained at 4-weeks and 72% at 24-weeks. Positive qualitative interview responses and a high rate of participants willing to refer a friend (100%) demonstrates program acceptability. Participant mindfulness increased from baseline to 24-weeks (β = 0.24, p = 0.001, d = 0.51), and increases were correlated with informal mindfulness practice frequency (r = 0.7, p < 0.01). Although limited by small sample size, this pilot study highlights the feasibility and acceptability of integrating MBIs into standard primary care Office-Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) among a population with substantial trauma history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fatkin
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Sarah K Moore
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America.
| | - Kayley Okst
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Timothy B Creedon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Farah Samawi
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | | | - David Roll
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Alexandra Oxnard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Benjamin Lê Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Voith LA, Lee H, Russell KN, Korsch-Williams AE. Understanding How Relational Health Effects Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Low-Income, Black, Indigenous, Men of Color Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3890. [PMID: 33917658 PMCID: PMC8067994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Relational health has emerged as a consistent factor that can mitigate the effects of trauma among children; however, less is known about relational health with adults, particularly related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among racially and socioeconomically marginalized men. The Exploratory Sequential Design, Taxonomy Development Model was used. Semi-structured interviews (N = 11) and narrative analysis were conducted in Phase I. In Phase II, variables approximating the key themes that emerged in Phase I were selected from an existing dataset (N = 67), and relationships were examined using bivariate associations. The sample consisted of low-income Black, Indigenous, men of color (BIMOC) in a batterer intervention program (BIP). Adverse life experiences shaped participants' world view via mistrust in others, stifling emotions and vulnerability, and a sense of personal guilt and shame. These orientations were then carried into adult relationships where men coped using social isolation to manage challenges, negatively affecting intimate relationships. For some men, mental health exacerbated these circumstances. Significant bivariate and multivariate associations supported this narrative. This study lays the foundation for future research to examine the potential effects of social support on IPV perpetration. BIPs should consider augmenting programming to enhance men's social networks to support their use of nonviolence after program completion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Voith
- Center on Trauma and Adversity, Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (H.L.); (K.N.R.); (A.E.K.-W.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pilkington PD, Noonan C, May T, Younan R, Holt RA. Early maladaptive schemas and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1030-1042. [PMID: 33527558 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Young's early maladaptive schemas represent a possible pathway between childhood adversity and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on early maladaptive schemas and IPV. PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were searched, in compliance with PRISMA, to identify peer reviewed studies that reported on the relationship between schema or schema domain scores and IPV victimization or perpetration. Based on nine included studies, meta-analyses indicated that IPV victimization showed a moderate association with the Disconnection and Rejection and Impaired Autonomy domains, and a small association with Other-Directedness. The Mistrust Abuse and Vulnerability to Harm schemas were moderately correlated with victimization. Mistrust Abuse was also implicated in perpetration but insufficient data were available for meta-analysis. The evidence suggests that being a victim of IPV is associated with an expectation that one's needs for love and safety will not be met and doubt regarding one's capacity to handle responsibilities or succeed in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Pilkington
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Noonan
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamara May
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rita Younan
- Schema Therapy Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth A Holt
- Schema Therapy Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Voith LA, Russell K, Lee H, Anderson RE. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Trauma Symptoms, Mindfulness, and Intimate Partner Violence: Therapeutic Implications for Marginalized Men. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1588-1607. [PMID: 32134514 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma symptoms have been linked with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization among men, yet the field lacks depth in several key areas hampering progress toward violence intervention. Specifically, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dominates the field's scope of trauma symptoms under study, limiting understanding of other manifestations of trauma especially among men. Furthermore, most research focuses exclusively on men's physical IPV perpetration and rarely focuses on other types of IPV, severity of violence, or men's victimization. Also, few studies examine potential protective factors grounded in the ACE framework, such as mindfulness, among clinical populations. Finally, most research has not focused on men of color, despite some racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionate rates of IPV exposure. Therefore, the relationships between IPV frequency and severity (psychological, physical, injury) and ACEs, PTSD, trauma symptomology (separate from PTSD), and mindfulness self-efficacy were examined in a sample of 67 predominantly low-income men of color in a batterer intervention program. More than half of the sample (51.5%) reported exposure to four or more ACEs, and 31.1% met the clinical cutoff for a probable PTSD diagnosis. Higher ACE scores predicted increased rates for nearly all types of self-reported IPV perpetration and victimization. PTSD symptoms and complex trauma symptom severity together explained between 13% and 40% of IPV outcomes, and each was uniquely associated with certain types of self-reported IPV victimization and perpetration frequency and severity. Mindfulness self-efficacy was associated with decreased self-report psychological IPV perpetration and victimization frequency and severity. Clinical implications relevant to marginalized men are reviewed, including screening, training, and potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Voith
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Katie Russell
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hyunjune Lee
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - RaeAnn E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gilbar O, Ford J. Indirect effects of PTSD and complex PTSD in the relationship of polyvictimization with intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration among men in mandated treatment. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1794653. [PMID: 33408805 PMCID: PMC7747802 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1794653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyvictimization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe impairment, and re-victimization, including due to intimate partner violence (IPV), but polyvictmization's role in the perpetration of IPV is less clear. Objective: To examine the indirect effect of PTSD and complex PTSD in the relationship between polyvictimization and IPV perpetration. Method: Polyvictims were identified by cluster analysis of self-reported lifetime victimization history data in a random national sample (N = 234) of men at 66 clinical treatment centers for domestic violence perpetrators in Israel. Results: Four sub-groups were identified: low exposure to abuse and physical neglect (C1, N = 105), and three polyvictim sub-groups characterized by multiple forms of past exposure to neglect and verbal abuse (C2, N = 38), to verbal and physical abuse without neglect (C3, N = 46), or to neglect and both verbal and physical abuse (C4, N = 28). Participants also were characterized as having low exposure to traumatic events across the lifespan (cluster L5, N=156), or high exposure to traumatic events across the lifespan (cluster L6, N=78). Complex PTSD symptoms had an indirect effect in the relationship between membership in the C3 and C4 polyvictimization clusters (β=.45, p<.05, β=.60, p<.05; respectively) and severity of psychological IPV victimization, as well as between C3 polyvictimization cluster membership and severity of psychological IPV perpetration (β=.32, p<.05). In contrast, PTSD symptoms had no indirect effect in any relationship between cluster membership and IPV outcomes. High lifetime trauma exposure also was directly associated with sexual IPV victimization. Conclusions: Complex PTSD may be a mechanism linking polyvictimization to the severity of both IPV victimization and perpetration. Clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Julian Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shields M, Tonmyr L, Hovdestad WE, Gonzalez A, MacMillan H. Exposure to family violence from childhood to adulthood. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1673. [PMID: 33167904 PMCID: PMC7653766 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both childhood maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are public health problems that have been related to a wide range of adverse health consequences. However, studies examining associations between specific types of CM and experiencing IPV in adulthood have yielded conflicting results. Methods Using data from 10,608 men and 11,458 women aged 18 or older from Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey, we examined associations between three types of CM—childhood physical abuse (CPA), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and childhood exposure to IPV —and subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood (physical, sexual or emotional). Results When potential confounders were controlled, CPA, CSA and childhood exposure to IPV were associated with IPV in adulthood for both sexes (odds ratios, 1.7, 1.8 and 2.0 for men, and 2.2, 2.0 and 2.1 for women). When severity and frequency of CM were examined, a dose-response relationship between all three types of CM and IPV in adulthood was observed among women (meaning that as the severity/frequency of CM increased, the likelihood of reporting IPV also increased); among men, a dose-response relationship was observed only for CPA. Conclusions The association between CM and IPV in adulthood is particularly concerning because experiencing multiple forms of trauma has cumulative effects. Lifespan studies have shown that individuals who experience multiple incidents of abuse exhibit the highest levels of impairment. This underscores the importance of programs to eradicate both CM and IPV. This underscores the importance of programs to eradicate both CM and IPV. Future research should focus on assessing interventions designed to promote healthy relationships and the provision of emotional support and coping mechanisms to children and families in abusive situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Shields
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave. 7th floor, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave. 7th floor, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Wendy E Hovdestad
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave. 7th floor, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West - MIP 201A, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Harriet MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West - MIP 201A, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, and of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West - MIP 201A, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cañas M, Ibabe I, De Paúl J. Promising observational instruments of parent-child (0-12 years) interaction within the child protection system: A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 109:104713. [PMID: 32971348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child interaction (PCI) is considered a critical environmental factor that affects child development. In the field of child and family intervention, assessment of caregiver-child interaction has great relevance for decision-making. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to report the results of a systematic review of the best observational instruments to assess the quality of PCI, taking into account the most advanced protocols. METHODS Firstly, one search was conducted to identify eligible observational instruments, and a second search was conducted to identify studies reporting on the psychometric properties of the instruments previously identified. To assess and rate the quality of the psychometric properties of the tools, the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) checklist was applied. RESULTS The nine PCI observational tools selected (with category B - promising) are widely used by researchers and clinicians across different stages of childhood. The Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (2-71 months) obtained the highest rating. CONCLUSIONS The most reported and robust psychometric property was inter-rater reliability, but validity evidence is understudied. This systematic review can help clinicians keep up-to-date, provide evidence for policymakers to judge risks and benefits of health care behaviors, as well as assess the evaluation programs in child abuse and neglect context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cañas
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain..
| | - Izaskun Ibabe
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain..
| | - Joaquín De Paúl
- Department of Social Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Avda. Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain..
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Intimpartnergewalt: Kennzahlen, Tätercharakteristika, Risikoerfassung und -management. FORENSISCHE PSYCHIATRIE PSYCHOLOGIE KRIMINOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11757-020-00595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
36
|
Gilbar O, Dekel R, Hyland P, Cloitre M. The role of complex posttraumatic stress symptoms in the association between exposure to traumatic events and severity of intimate partner violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104174. [PMID: 31563703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) have been suggested to play a role in the association between an individual's childhood physical abuse and neglect and his/her perpetration of IPV in adulthood; however, the two have yet to be studied in one model. Thus, we aimed to examine the interrelations among childhood exposure to violence and physical neglect, exposure to trauma across one's lifetime, ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms (i.e., PTSD and DSO), and IPV severity. METHODS Participants were 234 men drawn randomly from a national sample of 1600 mandated men receiving treatment for domestic violence in Israel. They completed measures of potentially traumatic exposure, symptoms of CPTSD, child abuse and neglect, and IPV. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible direct and indirect effects of the study variables. RESULTS Results confirmed the indirect role of CPTSD symptoms in the association between the following types of traumatic exposure - childhood exposure to violence (B = .03, β = .05, SE = .01, p = .05, CI 90% [.041, .143]), childhood exposure to physical neglect (B = .04, β = .04, SE = .02, p < .01, CI 90% [.014, .092]), and lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events, or PTEs (B = .04, β = .09, SE = .01, p < .001, CI 90% [.006, .074]) - and the perpetration of psychological IPV as an adult. No significant results were found in relation to the perpetration of physical IPV. CONCLUSIONS The current cross-sectional study findings suggest a preliminary direction regarding the possible direct and indirect effects of ICD-11CPTSD on the severity of IPV psychological perpetration. The clinical implications include the need to focus on both PTSD and DSO symptoms in order to help reduce these potential risk factors for psychological IPV perpetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- Boston University, National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, Boston, USA; The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Rachel Dekel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hébert M, Daspe MÈ, Lapierre A, Godbout N, Blais M, Fernet M, Lavoie F. A Meta-Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors for Dating Violence Victimization: The Role of Family and Peer Interpersonal Context. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:574-590. [PMID: 29333960 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017725336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence (DV) is a widespread social issue that has numerous deleterious repercussions on youths' health. Family and peer risk factors for DV have been widely studied, but with inconsistent methodologies, which complicates global comprehension of the phenomenon. Protective factors, although understudied, constitutes a promising line of research for prevention. To date, there is no comprehensive quantitative review attempting to summarize knowledge on both family and peer factors that increase or decrease the risk for adolescents and emerging adults DV victimization. The current meta-analysis draws on 87 studies with a total sample of 278,712 adolescents and young adults to examine effect sizes of the association between various family and peer correlates of DV victimization. Results suggest small, significant effect sizes for all the family (various forms of child maltreatment, parental support, and parental monitoring) and peer factors (peer victimization, sexual harassment, affiliation with deviant peers, and supportive/prosocial peers) in the prediction of DV. With few exceptions, forms of DV (psychological, physical, and sexual), gender, and age did not moderate the strength of these associations. In addition, no difference was found between the magnitude of family and peer factors' effect sizes, suggesting that these determinants are equally important in predicting DV. The current results provide future directions for examining relations between risk and protective factors for DV and indicate that both peers and family should be part of the development of efficient prevention options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hébert
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Daspe
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Lapierre
- 2 Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Blais
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Fernet
- 1 Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Castro Á, Ibáñez J, Maté B, Esteban J, Barrada JR. Childhood Sexual Abuse, Sexual Behavior, and Revictimization in Adolescence and Youth: A Mini Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2018. [PMID: 31543854 PMCID: PMC6728807 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is considered as an activity aimed at providing sexual pleasure, stimulation, or sexual gratification to an adult who uses a minor for this purpose, taking advantage of the situation of superiority. CSA can have devastating consequences for the child. Previous studies have concluded that those who suffer an episode of CSA perform more risky sexual behaviors and are more likely to experience further episodes of sexual victimization during adolescence and early youth. There are two theoretical contributions that, although they offer partial views, can help to understand the association between CSA, sexual behavior, and revictimization in adulthood: the traumagenic dynamics model and the information-motivation-behavioral skills model. This short review provides an overview of the problems and theoretical explanations that have been presented up to the present, underlining the importance of prevention and sex education as of childhood, as well as the need to continue investigating in order to develop specific theoretical models that help to understand and prevent CSA and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Castro
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Berta Maté
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Jessica Esteban
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Barrada
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Banford Witting A, Busby D. The Long Arm of Trauma During Childhood: Associations with Resources in Couple Relationships. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2019; 45:534-549. [PMID: 30168162 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences within and outside the family of origin in childhood may disrupt couple functioning later in life. Using a sample of 3,958 couples assessed through the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire (RELATE), an actor-partner independence model was fit to test direct and indirect associations between negative impact from one's family of origin (accounting for physical violence and sexual abuse) and resources in couple relationships. Resources were defined using intervention principles derived from the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Actor and partner effects suggested negative family impact associates with relationship instability and is mediated through negative couple communication. Actor effects suggested negative family impact associates with less calmness in one's self and is also mediated through negative couple communication.
Collapse
|
40
|
Curtis A, Vandenberg B, Mayshak R, Coomber K, Hyder S, Walker A, Liknaitzky P, Miller PG. Alcohol use in family, domestic and other violence: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey of the Australian population. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:349-358. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Curtis
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | | | | | - Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Shannon Hyder
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Arlene Walker
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Rellini AH, Godbout N, Sabourin S, Bergeron S. Intimacy Mediates the Relation Between Maltreatment in Childhood and Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction in Adulthood: A Dyadic Longitudinal Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:803-814. [PMID: 30353373 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trauma theories suggest that childhood maltreatment (CM) may partly explain intimacy problems in romantic relationships. However, empirical studies have yielded conflicting findings, likely due to the varying conceptualizations of intimacy. Findings that support long-term negative effects of CM on sexual and relationship satisfaction are almost exclusively based on cross-sectional intra-individual data, precluding the examination of mediating pathways and of dyadic interactions between individuals reporting CM and their partners. This study used a dyadic perspective to examine the associations between CM and the different components of intimacy based on the interpersonal process model of intimacy: self-disclosure, perceived partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness. We also tested the mediating role of these intimacy components at Time 1 in the relations between CM and sexual and relationship satisfaction 6 months later. A sample of 365 heterosexual couples completed self-report questionnaires. Results of path analyses within an actor-partner interdependence framework showed that women and men's higher levels of CM did not affect self-disclosure, but was negatively associated with their own perception of partner disclosure and responsiveness. In turn, women and men's perception of partner responsiveness at Time 1 was positively associated with their own sexual satisfaction, as well as their own and their partner's relationship satisfaction at Time 2. Thus, perception of partner responsiveness mediated the associations between CM and poorer sexual and relationship satisfaction. The overall findings may inform the development of couple intervention that targets the enhancement of intimacy to promote sexual and relationship well-being in couples where one partner experienced CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | | | - Natacha Godbout
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Bergeron
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Riedl D, Exenberger S, Daniels JK, Böttcher B, Beck T, Dejaco D, Lampe A. Domestic violence victims in a hospital setting: prevalence, health impact and patients' preferences - results from a cross-sectional study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1654063. [PMID: 31497261 PMCID: PMC6719257 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1654063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Domestic violence (DV) is a widespread yet commonly underdetected problem with severe impact on physical and mental health. To date, only limited information is available on prevalence and detection-rates of victims of DV in hospital settings. Objective: The aim of this study was (a) to assess the prevalence and impact of DV on physical and mental health as well as risk-factors associated with it, (b) to determine how many patients had been asked directly about DV in the hospital and (c) to investigate patients' preferences about being asked about DV in a hospital setting. Methods: Adult inpatients and outpatients at seven somatic departments at the University Hospital Innsbruck (Austria) were included consecutively in this ad-hoc, cross-sectional paper-and-pencil questionnaire-based study. In total, n = 2,031 patients were assessed regarding their experiences with DV. They also reported on whether they had been asked about DV at the hospital and whether they would mind being asked about it. To evaluate the impact of DV on patients' self-reported physical and mental health, odds ratios were calculated using binary logistic regression. Results: DV was reported by 17.4% of patients, with 4.0% indicating current DV exposure. Lifetime DV exposure was associated with a significant risk for both physical and mental health-problems. Only 4.8% of patients with DV exposure had ever been asked about it by hospital staff. While patients with a history of DV were more open to being asked about DV than patients without DV (78.2% vs. 72.9%), overall acceptance was still high (74%). Conclusion: DV is a frequently overlooked problem with detrimental effects on physical and mental health. While high acceptance of DV assessment was found, only a small proportion of affected patients had indeed been assessed for DV. Screening for DV in hospitals may thus increase the number of identified patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Riedl
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Exenberger
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Beck
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Lampe
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yount KM, Krause KH, Miedema SS. Preventing gender-based violence victimization in adolescent girls in lower-income countries: Systematic review of reviews. Soc Sci Med 2017; 192:1-13. [PMID: 28941786 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review of reviews synthesizes evidence on the impact of interventions to prevent violence against adolescent girls and young women 10-24 years (VAWG) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Theories of women's empowerment and the social ecology of multifaceted violence frame the review. Child abuse, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC), child marriage, intimate partner violence (IPV), and sexual violence were focal outcomes. Our review followed the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) for the systematic review of reviews, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for a systematic review of recent intervention studies. Of 35 reviews identified between June 7 and July 20, 2016, 18 were non-duplicate systematic reviews of medium-to-high quality. Half of these 18 reviews focused on interventions to prevent IPV. Only four focused on adolescents, of which three focused on child marriage and one compared findings across early and late adolescence. None focused on interventions to prevent child abuse or sexual violence in adolescent/young women. From these 18 reviews and the supplemental systematic review of intervention studies, data were extracted on 34 experimental or quasi-experimental intervention studies describing 28 interventions. Almost all intervention studies measured impacts on one form of VAWG. Most studies assessed impacts on child marriage (n = 13), then IPV (n = 8), sexual violence (n = 4), child abuse (n = 3), and FGMC (n = 3). Interventions included 1-6 components, involving skills to enhance voice/agency (n = 17), social networks (n = 14), human resources like schooling (n = 10), economic incentives (n = 9), community engagement (n = 11) and community infrastructure development (n = 6). Bundled individual-level interventions and multilevel interventions had more favorable impacts on VAWG. Interventions involving community engagement, skill-building to enhance voice/agency, and social-network expansion show promise to reduce VAWG. Future interventions should target poly-victimization, compare impacts across adolescence, and include urban, out-of-school, married, and displaced/conflict-affected populations in LMICs, where VAWG may be heightened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Yount
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Kathleen H Krause
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie S Miedema
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|