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Zolfagharzadeh V, Ai J, Soltani H, Hassanzadeh S, Khanmohammadi M. Sustain release of loaded insulin within biomimetic hydrogel microsphere for sciatic tissue engineering in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:687-700. [PMID: 36403773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed insulin loaded biomimetic microsphere by laccase-mediated crosslinking using a microfluidic device in the water-in-oil emulsion system as an injectable vehicle for the repair of sciatic tissue. Aqueous polymeric solution of phenol-substituted hyaluronic acid (HAPh) and collagen (ColPh) containing insulin and laccase flowed from the inner channel into oil flow within an outer channel which leads formation of hydrogel microsphere. The physical properties of prepared specimens including swelling rate, mechanical resistance and the prolonged release rate of microspheres proved applicability of fabricated vehicles for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. The growth profile and behavior of cells in microspheres indicated cytocompatibility of the method and prepared vehicles for microtissue development. Histopathological examination revealed a significant increase in axonal regeneration, and remyelination process in injured sciatic nerve following treatment with HAPh/ColPh microspheres containing insulin compared to control groups. Also, the functional characteristic of sciatic tissue showed that the presence of biomimetic microsphere and insulin simultaneously had improved sciatic tissue functions including functional sciatic index (SFI) values, reaction to hot plate and muscle weight of rats. In summary, the results proved that composite biomimetic microspheres containing insulin effectively improved nerve regeneration in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Zolfagharzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Soltani
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Sajad Hassanzadeh
- Eye Research Center, Five Senses Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration-A Review of the Literature. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020276. [PMID: 36672212 PMCID: PMC9856654 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials. Furthermore, a better understanding of the functionality of macrophages opens perspectives for potential guidance and modulation to turn inflammation into regeneration. Such knowledge may help to improve not only the biocompatibility of scaffold materials but also the integration, maturation, and preservation of scaffold-cell constructs or induce regeneration. Nowadays, macrophages are classified into two subpopulations, the classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) with pro-inflammatory properties and the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) with anti-inflammatory properties. The present narrative review gives an overview of the different functions of macrophages and summarizes the recent state of knowledge regarding different types of macrophages and their functions, with special emphasis on tissue engineering and tissue regeneration.
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3
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Gao H, Wang L, Jin H, Lin Z, Li Z, Kang Y, Lyu Y, Dong W, Liu Y, Shi D, Jiang J, Zhao J. Regulating Macrophages through Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Is a Promising Strategy for Promoting Tendon-Bone Healing. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:243. [PMID: 36412884 PMCID: PMC9703966 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendon-to-bone interface is a special structure connecting the tendon and bone and is crucial for mechanical load transfer between dissimilar tissues. After an injury, fibrous scar tissues replace the native tendon-to-bone interface, creating a weak spot that needs to endure extra loading, significantly decreasing the mechanical properties of the motor system. Macrophages play a critical role in tendon-bone healing and can be divided into various phenotypes, according to their inducing stimuli and function. During the early stages of tendon-bone healing, M1 macrophages are predominant, while during the later stages, M2 macrophages replace the M1 macrophages. The two macrophage phenotypes play a significant, yet distinct, role in tendon-bone healing. Growing evidence shows that regulating the macrophage phenotypes is able to promote tendon-bone healing. This review aims to summarize the impact of different macrophages on tendon-bone healing and the current immunomodulatory biomaterials for regulating macrophages, which are used to promote tendon-bone healing. Although macrophages are a promising target for tendon-bone healing, the challenges and limitations of macrophages in tendon-bone healing research are discussed, along with directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Gao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liren Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haocheng Jin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhiqi Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yangbao Lyu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenqian Dong
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yefeng Liu
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dingyi Shi
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine Lab of the Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine Lab of the Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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Novaes R, Costa TFR, Goundry AL, Verçoza BRF, Rodrigues JCF, Godinho JLP, Reis FCG, Morrot A, Lima APCA. Bone marrow granulocytes downregulate IL-1β and TNF production and the microbicidal activity of inflammatory macrophages. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:246-265. [PMID: 35443139 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in inflammation and defense against pathogens, as well as in the return to tissue homeostasis. Macrophage subpopulations displaying antagonistic phenotypes are generally classified as proinflammatory M1, implicated in antipathogen and antitumoral activities, or as anti-inflammatory M2, associated with tissue repair. Granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruited from the bone marrow to tissues and phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils can attenuate macrophage microbicidal activity. Here, we showed that bone marrow neutrophils, but not thioglycollate-recruited neutrophils, directly suppress the responses of macrophages that were previously committed to an inflammatory phenotype. Cocultures of inflammatory macrophages with bone marrow CD11b+Ly6Ghi granulocytes led to reduced release of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 by macrophages after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The suppressive activity was unrelated to granulocyte apoptosis or to secreted factors and required cell-to-cell contact. The suppressive effect was paralleled by reduction in the nuclear levels of the NF-κB p65 subunit, but not of the p50 subunit. Furthermore, bone marrow granulocytes decreased the phagocytic activity of macrophages and their capacity to kill intracellular Escherichia coli. Taken together, these results show that bone marrow granulocytes can function as suppressors of the proinflammatory activity and microbial-killing responses of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Novaes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Tatiana F R Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Amy L Goundry
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Brunno R F Verçoza
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Juliany C F Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Joseane Lima P Godinho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Flavia C G Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, Pavilhão 26, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C A Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
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Recent advances in smart stimuli-responsive biomaterials for bone therapeutics and regeneration. Bone Res 2022; 10:17. [PMID: 35197462 PMCID: PMC8866424 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects combined with tumors, infections, or other bone diseases are challenging in clinical practice. Autologous and allogeneic grafts are two main traditional remedies, but they can cause a series of complications. To address this problem, researchers have constructed various implantable biomaterials. However, the original pathological microenvironment of bone defects, such as residual tumors, severe infection, or other bone diseases, could further affect bone regeneration. Thus, the rational design of versatile biomaterials with integrated bone therapy and regeneration functions is in great demand. Many strategies have been applied to fabricate smart stimuli-responsive materials for bone therapy and regeneration, with stimuli related to external physical triggers or endogenous disease microenvironments or involving multiple integrated strategies. Typical external physical triggers include light irradiation, electric and magnetic fields, ultrasound, and mechanical stimuli. These stimuli can transform the internal atomic packing arrangements of materials and affect cell fate, thus enhancing bone tissue therapy and regeneration. In addition to the external stimuli-responsive strategy, some specific pathological microenvironments, such as excess reactive oxygen species and mild acidity in tumors, specific pH reduction and enzymes secreted by bacteria in severe infection, and electronegative potential in bone defect sites, could be used as biochemical triggers to activate bone disease therapy and bone regeneration. Herein, we summarize and discuss the rational construction of versatile biomaterials with bone therapeutic and regenerative functions. The specific mechanisms, clinical applications, and existing limitations of the newly designed biomaterials are also clarified.
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Balogh M, Janjic JM, Shepherd AJ. Targeting Neuroimmune Interactions in Diabetic Neuropathy with Nanomedicine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:122-143. [PMID: 34416821 PMCID: PMC8823248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes is a major source of neuropathy and neuropathic pain that is set to continue growing in prevalence. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and pain associated with diabetes are not adequately managed by current treatment regimens. Perhaps the greatest difficulty in treating DPN is the complex pathophysiology, which involves aspects of metabolic disruption and neurotrophic deficits, along with neuroimmune interactions. There is, therefore, an urgent need to pursue novel therapeutic options targeting the key cellular and molecular players. Recent Advances: To that end, cellular targeting becomes an increasingly compelling drug delivery option as our knowledge of neuroimmune interactions continues to mount. These nanomedicine-based approaches afford a potentially unparalleled specificity and longevity of drug targeting, using novel or established compounds, all while minimizing off-target effects. Critical Issues: The DPN therapeutics directly targeted at the nervous system make up the bulk of currently available treatment options. However, there are significant opportunities based on the targeting of non-neuronal cells and neuroimmune interactions in DPN. Future Directions: Nanomedicine-based agents represent an exciting opportunity for the treatment of DPN with the goals of improving the efficacy and safety profile of analgesia, as well as restoring peripheral neuroregenerative capacity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 122-143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Balogh
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jelena M Janjic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Guo B, Feng X, Wang Y, Wang X, He Y. Biomimetic and immunomodulatory baicalin-loaded graphene oxide-demineralized bone matrix scaffold for in vivo bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9720-9733. [PMID: 34787627 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of an artificial bone substitute is a potential strategy for repairing bone defects; however, the inadequate consideration of repair-immune system interactions, resulting in significant pathological changes in the microenvironment, is a major barrier to achieving effective regenerative outcomes. Here, we evaluated a biomimetic baicalin (BAI)-incorporating graphene oxide-demineralized bone matrix (GO-BAI/DBM) hybrid scaffold, which was beneficial for bone regeneration. First, by considering that bone is a kind of organic-inorganic composite, a biomimetic GO/DBM bone substitute with enhanced physiochemical and osteoinductive properties was fabricated. Furthermore, inherently therapeutic GO was also used as a drug delivery carrier to achieve the sustained and prolonged release of BAI. Notably, a series of experiments showed that the GO-BAI nanocomposites could transform inflammatory M1 macrophages into pro-healing M2 macrophages, which was beneficial for in vitro angiogenesis and osteogenesis. By using a rat subcutaneous model, it was revealed that the GO-BAI nanocomposites proactively ameliorated the inflammatory response, which was coupled with decreased fibrous encapsulation. Notably, obvious in situ calvarial bone regeneration was achieved using the GO-BAI/DBM hybrid scaffold. These findings demonstrated that the bifunctional GO-BAI/DBM scaffold, by enhancing beneficial cross-talk among bone cells and inflammatory cells, might be utilized as an effective strategy for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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9
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Linking the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of immortelle essential oil with its chemical composition - The interplay between the major and minor constituents. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112666. [PMID: 34762977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum, Asteraceae) essential oil has been widely used in alternative medicine to accelerate wound healing, as well as in cosmetic products to stimulate skin regeneration and to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It is also considered a natural and safe culinary spice that could also be applied in the food industry as a preservative in the future. The therapeutic efficacy of this oil changes with the natural variability of the composition. Herein we tested and mutually compared the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of four commercial immortelle oils differing in the relative amounts of marker compounds, i.e. neryl esters, α-pinene, γ- and ar-curcumenes, and β-diketones. The anti-inflammatory effect of selected chromatographic fractions, enriched in the aforementioned constituents, was evaluated by studying toxicity toward rat peritoneal macrophages, their nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase, and arginase activities. Subsequently, the compositional and activity data were subjected to a multivariate statistical treatment to reveal the possible correlation(s) between the percentage of essential-oil constituents and the observed activities. The obtained results imply that immortelle oil efficiency as an antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory agent is most plausibly a result of a synergistic action between its constituents, and/or, rather unexpectedly, the presence of some minor constituents.
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Peled E, Sosnik A. Amphiphilic galactomannan nanoparticles trigger the alternative activation of murine macrophages. J Control Release 2021; 339:473-483. [PMID: 34662585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic phagocytic cells that can exist in distinct phenotypes and play key roles in physiological and pathological pathways. They can be classically activated to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or alternatively activated to an M2 anti-inflammatory one by various stimuli in the biological milieu. Different biomaterials polarize macrophages to M1 or M2 phenotypes and emerged as a very promising strategy to modulate their activation and performance. In this work, we investigate the ability of drug-free amphiphilic nanoparticles (hydrodynamic diameter of ~130 nm) produced by the self-assembly of a graft copolymer of hydrolyzed galactomannan, a natural polysaccharide of galactose and mannose, that was hydrophobized in the side-chain with poly(methyl methacrylate) blocks and that can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs, to trigger macrophage polarization. The compatibility and uptake of the nanoparticles are demonstrated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 by a metabolic assay, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSFM) and imaging flow cytometry in the absence and the presence of endocytosis inhibitors. Results indicate that they are internalized by both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. The ability of these drug-free nanoparticles to polarize these cells to the M2-like phenotype and to switch an M1 to an M2 phenotype is confirmed by the downregulation of the M1 marker cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80), and upregulation of M2 markers CD163 and CD206, as measured by flow cytometry and CLSFM. In addition, we preliminarily assess the effect of the nanoparticles on wound healing by tracking the closure of an artificial wound of RAW264.7 macrophages in a scratch assay. Findings indicate a faster closure of the wound in the presence of the nanoparticles with respect to untreated cells. Finally, a migration assay utilizing a macrophage/fibroblast co-culture model in vitro demonstrates that M2 polarization increases fibroblast migration by 24-fold with respect to untreated cells. These findings demonstrate the ability of this nanotechnology platform to interfere and change the macrophages phenotype in vitro and represent robust evidence for the investigation of their therapeutic performance alone or in combination with an encapsulated hydrophobic drug in wound models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Peled
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
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Yu JR, Varrey P, Liang BJ, Huang HC, Fisher JP. Liposomal SDF-1 Alpha Delivery in Nanocomposite Hydrogels Promotes Macrophage Phenotype Changes and Skin Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5230-5241. [PMID: 34699182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin regeneration in chronic wounds is often delayed due to persistent inflammation induced by underlying conditions such as diabetes. This effect is mediated, in part, by macrophages present in the wound, which can be stimulated to adopt either pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes depending on the status of the local microenvironment. In this work, the prohealing chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) is controllably released from a hydrogel-based biomaterial to promote skin tissue regeneration and wound closure. This innovative nanocomposite hydrogel system releases liposomal stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (lipoSDF) as a new treatment approach for dorsal full-thickness skin wounds in wild-type and diabetic mice. Using this strategy, the recruitment and polarization of macrophages primarily of the anti-inflammatory phenotype were observed, along with a decreased amount of open wound surface area in diabetic mice after 28 days. This was accompanied by histological observations of increased epidermal stratification and dermal angiogenesis. These findings represent an important step of investigation distinctive in its field for developing immunomodulatory biomaterials that are able to influence macrophage phenotype and promote healing as hydrogel-based wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Yu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Pranav Varrey
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,NIH/NCI, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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12
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Nanoparticles to Target and Treat Macrophages: The Ockham's Concept? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091340. [PMID: 34575416 PMCID: PMC8469871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are nanomaterials with three external nanoscale dimensions and an average size ranging from 1 to 1000 nm. Nanoparticles have gained notoriety in technological advances due to their tunable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. However, the administration of functionalized nanoparticles to living beings is still challenging due to the rapid detection and blood and tissue clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system. The major exponent of this system is the macrophage. Regardless the nanomaterial composition, macrophages can detect and incorporate foreign bodies by phagocytosis. Therefore, the simplest explanation is that any injected nanoparticle will be probably taken up by macrophages. This explains, in part, the natural accumulation of most nanoparticles in the spleen, lymph nodes, and liver (the main organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system). For this reason, recent investigations are devoted to design nanoparticles for specific macrophage targeting in diseased tissues. The aim of this review is to describe current strategies for the design of nanoparticles to target macrophages and to modulate their immunological function involved in different diseases with special emphasis on chronic inflammation, tissue regeneration, and cancer.
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13
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Blatt SE, Lurier EB, Risser GE, Spiller KL. Characterizing the Macrophage Response to Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Through Gene Set Analyses. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 26:156-169. [PMID: 32070241 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary regulators of the innate immune response to implanted biomaterials are macrophages, which change phenotype over time to regulate multiple phases of the tissue repair process. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that target macrophage phenotype are a promising approach for promoting tissue repair. Although expression of multiple markers has been widely used to characterize macrophage phenotype, the complexity of the macrophage response to biomaterials makes interpretation difficult. The aim of this study was to put forth an objective method to characterize macrophage phenotype with respect to specific biological processes or standard phenotypes of interest. We investigated the utility of gene set analyses to analyze macrophages as they respond to model biomaterials in comparison to "reference" M1 and M2a macrophage phenotypes. Primary human macrophages were seeded onto crosslinked collagen scaffolds with or without adsorption of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNg). Gene expression of a custom-curated panel of 48 genes, representing the M1 and M2a gene signatures as well as other genes important for angiogenesis and tissue repair, was quantified using NanoString on days 3, 5, and 8 of culture. A dataset of phenotype controls, consisting of M0, M1, and M2a macrophages, was used as a source of comparison and to validate the methods of characterization. Gene expression of M1 and M2a markers showed mixed upregulation and downregulation by macrophages seeded on collagen and IFNg-adsorbed collagen scaffolds, highlighting the need for more holistic analyses. Euclidean distance measurements to the reference phenotypes were unable to resolve differences between groups. In contrast, rotation gene set testing with and without gene weighting based on the genes' ability to differentiate between M1, M2a, and M0 controls, followed by gene set variation analysis, showed that collagen scaffolds inhibited the classic M1 phenotype without promoting a classic M2a phenotype, and that IFNg-adsorbed collagen scaffolds promoted the M1 phenotype and inhibited the M2a phenotype. In summary, this work demonstrates a powerful, objective methodology for characterizing the macrophage response to biomaterials in comparison to reference macrophage phenotypes. With the addition of more macrophage phenotypes with defined gene expression signatures, this method could prove beneficial for characterizing complex hybrid phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Blatt
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily B Lurier
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory E Risser
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kara L Spiller
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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VeDepo MC, Flores K, Jacot JG. Chemokine-Induced PBMC and Subsequent MSC Migration Toward Decellularized Heart Valve Tissue. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:325-338. [PMID: 33565031 PMCID: PMC9859622 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enhancing the recellularization of a decellularized heart valve in situ may lead to an improved or ideal heart valve replacement. A promising approach is leveraging the immune response for inflammation-mediated recellularization. However, this mechanism has not been previously demonstrated in vitro. METHODS This study investigated loading the chemokine MCP-1 into decellularized porcine heart valve tissue and measured the migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward the chemokine loaded valve tissue. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrate that MCP-1-loaded tissues increase PBMC migration compared to non-loaded tissues. Additionally, we demonstrate MCP-1-loaded tissues that have recruited PBMCs lead to increased migration of MSCs compared to decellularized tissue alone. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide evidence for the inflammation-mediated recellularization mechanism. Furthermore, the results support the use of such an approach for enhancing the recellularization of a decellularized heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C. VeDepo
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Correspondence: Mitchell C. VeDepo, Ph.D., 12705 E. Montview Ave., Suite 100, Aurora CO, 80045, Tel: (303) 724-9501, Fax: (303) 724-5800,
| | - Kyra Flores
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffery G. Jacot
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Puls TJ, Fisher CS, Cox A, Plantenga JM, McBride EL, Anderson JL, Goergen CJ, Bible M, Moller T, Voytik-Harbin SL. Regenerative tissue filler for breast conserving surgery and other soft tissue restoration and reconstruction needs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2711. [PMID: 33526826 PMCID: PMC7851166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete removal of cancerous tissue and preservation of breast cosmesis with a single breast conserving surgery (BCS) is essential for surgeons. New and better options would allow them to more consistently achieve this goal and expand the number of women that receive this preferred therapy, while minimizing the need for re-excision and revision procedures or more aggressive surgical approaches (i.e., mastectomy). We have developed and evaluated a regenerative tissue filler that is applied as a liquid to defects during BCS prior to transitioning to a fibrillar collagen scaffold with soft tissue consistency. Using a porcine simulated BCS model, the collagen filler was shown to induce a regenerative healing response, characterized by rapid cellularization, vascularization, and progressive breast tissue neogenesis, including adipose tissue and mammary glands and ducts. Unlike conventional biomaterials, no foreign body response or inflammatory-mediated "active" biodegradation was observed. The collagen filler also did not compromise simulated surgical re-excision, radiography, or ultrasonography procedures, features that are important for clinical translation. When post-BCS radiation was applied, the collagen filler and its associated tissue response were largely similar to non-irradiated conditions; however, as expected, healing was modestly slower. This in situ scaffold-forming collagen is easy to apply, conforms to patient-specific defects, and regenerates complex soft tissues in the absence of inflammation. It has significant translational potential as the first regenerative tissue filler for BCS as well as other soft tissue restoration and reconstruction needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla S Fisher
- Division of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeannie M Plantenga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Emma L McBride
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Medical Scientist/Engineer Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Melissa Bible
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tracy Moller
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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16
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Carcaterra M, Caruso C. Alveolar epithelial cell type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation: A physio-pathological theory. Med Hypotheses 2021; 146:110412. [PMID: 33308936 PMCID: PMC7681037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid solution and global collaborative efforts in order to define preventive and treatment strategies. One of the major challenges of this disease is the high number of patients needing advanced respiratory support due to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as the lung is the major - although not exclusive - target of the virus. The molecular mechanisms, pathogenic drivers and the target cell type(s) in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still poorly understood, but the development of a "hyperactive" immune response is proposed to play a role in the evolution of the disease and it is envisioned as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Here we propose a theory by which the main targets for SARS-CoV-2 are the Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells and the clinical manifestations of the syndrome are a direct consequence of their involvement. We propose the existence of a vicious cycle by which once alveolar damage starts in AEC II cells, the inflammatory state is supported by macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization (M1), cytokines release and by the activation of the NF-κB pathway. If this theory is confirmed, future therapeutic efforts can be directed to target Type 2 alveolar cells and the molecular pathogenic drivers associated with their dysfunction with currently available therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Caruso
- Radiation Oncology, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
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17
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Jarrell DK, Vanderslice EJ, VeDepo MC, Jacot JG. Engineering Myocardium for Heart Regeneration-Advancements, Considerations, and Future Directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:586261. [PMID: 33195474 PMCID: PMC7588355 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.586261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States among both adults and infants. In adults, 5-year survival after a heart attack is <60%, and congenital heart defects are the top killer of liveborn infants. Problematically, the regenerative capacity of the heart is extremely limited, even in newborns. Furthermore, suitable donor hearts for transplant cannot meet the demand and require recipients to use immunosuppressants for life. Tissue engineered myocardium has the potential to replace dead or fibrotic heart tissue in adults and could also be used to permanently repair congenital heart defects in infants. In addition, engineering functional myocardium could facilitate the development of a whole bioartificial heart. Here, we review and compare in vitro and in situ myocardial tissue engineering strategies. In the context of this comparison, we consider three challenges that must be addressed in the engineering of myocardial tissue: recapitulation of myocardial architecture, vascularization of the tissue, and modulation of the immune system. In addition to reviewing and analyzing current progress, we recommend specific strategies for the generation of tissue engineered myocardial patches for heart regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon K Jarrell
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ethan J Vanderslice
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mitchell C VeDepo
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Jacot
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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18
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Ezhilarasu H, Vishalli D, Dheen ST, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approach for Diabetic Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1234. [PMID: 32630377 PMCID: PMC7353122 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease characterized by a state of hyperglycemia (higher level of glucose in the blood than usual). DM and its complications can lead to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). DFU is associated with impaired wound healing, due to inappropriate cellular and cytokines response, infection, poor vascularization, and neuropathy. Effective therapeutic strategies for the management of impaired wound could be attained through a better insight of molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing. Nanotherapeutics-based agents engineered within 1-100 nm levels, which include nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds, are recent promising treatment strategies for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Nanoparticles are smaller in size and have high surface area to volume ratio that increases the likelihood of biological interaction and penetration at wound site. They are ideal for topical delivery of drugs in a sustained manner, eliciting cell-to-cell interactions, cell proliferation, vascularization, cell signaling, and elaboration of biomolecules necessary for effective wound healing. Furthermore, nanoparticles have the ability to deliver one or more therapeutic drug molecules, such as growth factors, nucleic acids, antibiotics, and antioxidants, which can be released in a sustained manner within the target tissue. This review focuses on recent approaches in the development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for enhancing diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Vishalli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed to be University”, Karad, Maharashtra 415539, India;
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
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19
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Später T, Tobias AL, Menger MM, Nickels RM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Biological coating with platelet-rich plasma and adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments improves the vascularization, biocompatibility and tissue incorporation of porous polyethylene. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:194-206. [PMID: 32194259 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous polyethylene (pPE) is a commonly used biomaterial in craniofacial reconstructive surgery. However, implant failure due to insufficient vascularization represents a major issue. To overcome this problem, we herein introduce an effective strategy to improve the vascularization and incorporation of pPE. Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) from transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ mice were suspended in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the coating of pPE. PRP/MVF-coated pPE as well as PRP-coated and uncoated controls were subsequently implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber and the flanks of GFP- wild-type mice to analyze their in vivo performance throughout 2, 4 and 8 weeks by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The GFP+/GFP- cross-over design allowed the identification of GFP+ MVF within the implants. Shortly after implantation, they rapidly reassembled into new blood-perfused microvascular networks, resulting in a significantly accelerated vascularization of PRP/MVF-coated pPE when compared to both controls. The overall numbers of rolling and adherent leukocytes within the microcirculation as well as macrophages, multi-nucleated giant cells and mast cells around the implants did not differ between the three groups. However, in contrast to uncoated controls, PRP/MVF-coated and PRP-coated pPE promoted pro-angiogenic M2 macrophage polarization at the implantation site. These findings demonstrate that PRP/MVF-coating represents a highly effective strategy to enhance the vascularization, biocompatibility and tissue incorporation of pPE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical in vivo performance of implanted biomaterials is crucially dependent on their adequate incorporation into the body. To achieve this, we herein introduce an effective biological coating strategy. Our results demonstrate that coating with PRP and MVF accelerates and enhances the vascularization, biocompatibility and tissue incorporation of porous polyethylene. Because this type of biological coating is easily applicable on any type of biomaterial, our approach may rapidly be translated into clinical practice to improve the outcome of various regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anne L Tobias
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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20
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Später T, Menger MM, Nickels RM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Macrophages promote network formation and maturation of transplanted adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420911816. [PMID: 32313616 PMCID: PMC7153185 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420911816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue–derived microvascular fragments rapidly reassemble into microvascular networks within implanted scaffolds. Herein, we analyzed the contribution of macrophages to this process. C57BL/6 mice received clodronate (clo)-containing liposomes for macrophage depletion, whereas animals treated with phosphate-buffered-saline-containing liposomes served as controls. Microvascular fragments were isolated from clo- and phosphate-buffered-saline-treated donor mice and seeded onto collagen–glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of clo- and phosphate-buffered-saline-treated recipient mice. The implants’ vascularization and incorporation were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Compared to controls, matrices within clo-treated animals exhibited a significantly reduced functional microvessel density. Moreover, they contained a lower fraction of microvessels with an α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cell layer, indicating impaired vessel maturation. This was associated with a deteriorated implant incorporation. These findings demonstrate that macrophages not only promote the reassembly of microvascular fragments into microvascular networks, but also improve their maturation during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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21
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Xu X, Gu S, Huang X, Ren J, Gu Y, Wei C, Lian X, Li H, Gao Y, Jin R, Gu B, Zan T, Wang Z. The role of macrophages in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa006. [PMID: 32341919 PMCID: PMC7175772 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that macrophages can orchestrate the microenvironment from the early stage of wound healing to the later stages of scar formation. However, few reviews have highlighted the significance of macrophages during the formation of abnormal scars. The purpose of this review was to outline the polarization of macrophages from early to late stage of pathological scar formation, focusing on spatiotemporal diversity of M1 and M2 macrophages. In this review, the role of macrophages in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids is summarized in detail. First, an increased number of M2 cells observed before injuries are significantly associated with susceptibility to abnormal scar pathogenesis. Second, decreased expression of M1 at the early stage and delayed expression of M2 at the late stage results in pathological scar formation. Third, M2 cells are highly expressed at both the margin and the superficial region, which is consistent with the invasive property of keloids. Finally, this review helps to characterize strategies for the prediction and prevention of pathological scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jieyi Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yihui Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chengjiang Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiang Lian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Haizhou Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yashan Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Correspondence. Zhichao Wang, ; Tao Zan, Xiangwen Xu and Shuchen Gu contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Correspondence. Zhichao Wang, ; Tao Zan, Xiangwen Xu and Shuchen Gu contributed equally to this work
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22
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Sadtler K, Collins J, Byrne JD, Langer R. Parallel evolution of polymer chemistry and immunology: Integrating mechanistic biology with materials design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:65-79. [PMID: 32589903 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To develop new therapeutics involves the interaction of multiple disciplines to yield safe, functional devices and formulations. Regardless of drug function and potency, administration with controlled timing, dosing, and targeting is required to properly treat or regulate health and disease. Delivery approaches can be optimized through advances in materials science, clinical testing, and basic biology and immunology. Presently, laboratories focused on developing these technologies are composed of, or collaborate with, chemists, biologists, materials scientists, engineers, and physicians to understand the way our body interacts with drug delivery devices, and how to synthesize new, rationally designed materials to improve targeted and controlled drug delivery. In this review, we discuss both device-based and micro/nanoparticle-based materials in the clinic, our biologic understanding of how our immune system interacts with these materials, how this diverse set of immune cells has become a target and variable in drug delivery design, and new directions in polymer chemistry to address these interactions and further our advances in medical therapeutics.
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23
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Adams S, Wuescher LM, Worth R, Yildirim-Ayan E. Mechano-Immunomodulation: Mechanoresponsive Changes in Macrophage Activity and Polarization. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:2213-2231. [PMID: 31218484 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biomaterial- and scaffold-based immunomodulation strategies were implemented in tissue regeneration efforts for manipulating macrophage polarization (a.k.a. phenotype or lineage commitment, or differentiation). Yet, most of our understanding of macrophage phenotype commitment and phagocytic capacity is limited to how physical cues (extracellular matrix stiffness, roughness, and topography) and soluble chemical cues (cytokines and chemokines released from the scaffold) influence macrophage polarization. In the context of immune response-tissue interaction, the mechanical cues experienced by the residing cells within the tissue also play a critical role in macrophage polarization and inflammatory response. However, there is no compiled study discussing the effect of the dynamic mechanical environment around the tissues on macrophage polarization and the innate immune response. The aim of this comprehensive review paper is 2-fold; (a) to highlight the importance of mechanical cues on macrophage lineage commitment and function and (b) to summarize the important studies dedicated to understand how macrophage polarization changes with different mechanical loading modalities. For the first time, this review paper compiles and compartmentalizes the studies investigating the role of dynamic mechanical loading with various modalities, amplitude, and frequency on macrophage differentiation. A deeper understanding of macrophage phenotype in mechanically dominant tissues (i.e. musculoskeletal tissues, lung tissues, and cardiovascular tissues) provides mechanistic insights into the design of mechano-immunomodulatory tissue scaffold for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adams
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Randall Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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24
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Pentecost A, Kim MJ, Jeon S, Ko YJ, Kwon IC, Gogotsi Y, Kim K, Spiller KL. Immunomodulatory nanodiamond aggregate-based platform for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:163-174. [PMID: 31198584 PMCID: PMC6547310 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA) and dexamethasone (Dex)-adsorbed ND-ODA (ND-ODA-Dex) promoted anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative behavior in human macrophages in vitro. In this study, we performed a pilot study to investigate if these immunomodulatory effects translate when used as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Following local injection in limbs of mice with collagen type II-induced arthritis, microcomputed tomography showed that mice treated with a low dose of ND-ODA and ND-ODA-Dex did not experience bone loss to the levels observed in non-treated arthritic controls. A low dose of ND-ODA and ND-ODA-Dex also reduced macrophage infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators iNOS and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the arthritic control, while a high dose of ND-ODA increased expression of these markers. Overall, these results suggest that ND-ODA may be useful as an inherently immunomodulatory platform, and support the need for an in-depth study, especially with respect to the effects of dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pentecost
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Min Ju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ji Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Preparation of fibrin hydrogels to promote the recruitment of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:152-165. [PMID: 30862554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in regulating inflammation and tissue regeneration. In the present study, uniform fibrin hydrogel scaffolds were engineered in millimeters. These scaffolds induced anti-inflammatory macrophages to digest and infiltrate the scaffold. The culture conditions of the fibrin hydrogels decreased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and increased the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similar results were also observed in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). In addition, most of cells that infiltrated the fibrin hydrogels were macrophages expressing CD163, CD204, and CD206, which are anti-inflammatory macrophages markers, both in mice and in human cells. Therefore, to induce increased macrophage infiltration, we attempted to combine fibrin hydrogels with SEW2871, a monocyte/macrophage recruitment agent that is known to be a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 agonist, solubilized in water by micelle formation with a cholesterol-grafted gelatin. However, the fibrin hydrogels alone retained the same monocyte migration activity as the hydrogels with SEW2871-incorporated micelles in the hydrogel-bearing mouse model. These findings indicate that fibrin hydrogels have a strong promoting effect on the recruitment of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Therefore, fibrin hydrogels may be an optimal biomaterial in the design of medicines for macrophage-induced regenerative therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response to tissue injury is important for determining the speed and the result of the regeneration. Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) resolve inflammatory response and promote tissue repair by producing anti-inflammatory factors. Promoting the recruitment of macrophages is a hopeful strategy in the design of biomaterials for tissue regeneration. In the present study, we combined the fibrin hydrogel, which promotes anti-inflammatory polarization, with a macrophage recruitment agent. We revealed that the fibrin hydrogel significantly promoted anti-inflammatory polarization in mouse in vivo and human in vitro. Moreover, macrophages significantly infiltrated into the fibrin hydrogel regardless of the agent combination. Fibrin hydrogels may become a reliable biomaterial for tissue regeneration, and the present study is believed to provide information for many researchers.
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Witherel CE, Abebayehu D, Barker TH, Spiller KL. Macrophage and Fibroblast Interactions in Biomaterial-Mediated Fibrosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801451. [PMID: 30658015 PMCID: PMC6415913 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial-mediated inflammation and fibrosis remain a prominent challenge in designing materials to support tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the many biomaterial technologies that have been designed to evade or suppress inflammation (i.e., delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrophobic coatings, etc.), many materials are still subject to a foreign body response, resulting in encapsulation of dense, scar-like extracellular matrix. The primary cells involved in biomaterial-mediated fibrosis are macrophages, which modulate inflammation, and fibroblasts, which primarily lay down new extracellular matrix. While macrophages and fibroblasts are implicated in driving biomaterial-mediated fibrosis, the signaling pathways and spatiotemporal crosstalk between these cell types remain loosely defined. In this review, the role of M1 and M2 macrophages (and soluble cues) involved in the fibrous encapsulation of biomaterials in vivo is investigated, with additional focus on fibroblast and macrophage crosstalk in vitro along with in vitro models to study the foreign body response. Lastly, several strategies that have been used to specifically modulate macrophage and fibroblast behavior in vitro and in vivo to control biomaterial-mediated fibrosis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Witherel
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- University of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering & School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- University of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering & School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Kara L. Spiller
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA,
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Harnessing Macrophages for Vascularization in Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:354-365. [PMID: 30535815 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the roles of macrophages both in vessel development and in vascularization of tissue engineered constructs. Upon the implantation of tissue engineered constructs into the body, macrophages respond, invade and orchestrate the host's immune response. By altering their phenotype, macrophages can adopt a variety of roles. They can promote inflammation at the site of the implanted construct; they can also promote tissue repair. Macrophages support tissue repair by promoting angiogenesis through the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines and by behaving as support cells for nascent vasculature. Thus, the ability to manipulate the macrophage phenotype may yield macrophages capable of supporting vessel development. Moreover, macrophages are an easily isolated autologous cell source. For the generation of vascularized constructs outside of the body, these isolated macrophages can also be skewed to adopt a pro-angiogenic phenotype and enhance blood vessel development in the presence of endothelial cells. To assess the influence of macrophages on vessel development, both in vivo and in vitro models have been developed. Additionally, several groups have demonstrated the pro-angiogenic roles of macrophages in vascularization of tissue engineered constructs through the manipulation of macrophage phenotypes. This review comments on the roles of macrophages in promoting vascularization within these contexts.
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Hortensius RA, Ebens JH, Dewey MJ, Harley BAC. Incorporation of the Amniotic Membrane as an Immunomodulatory Design Element in Collagen Scaffolds for Tendon Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4367-4377. [PMID: 30693317 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries often require surgical intervention and even then result in poor outcomes due to scar formation and repeated failure. Biomaterial implants offer the potential to address multiple underlying concerns preventing improved tendon repair. Here, we describe modifications to the composition of an anisotropic collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold biomaterial, incorporating amniotic membrane (AM)-derived matrix to alter the inflammatory response and establish conditions for improved regenerative repair. We explored two methods of AM matrix incorporation to address multiple concerns associated with tendon repair. Amniotic membrane-derived matrix was incorporated directly into the scaffold microstructure during fabrication to form a C/AM composite. Alternatively, decellularized amniotic matrix was wrapped around the traditional collagen-chondroitin sulfate (C/CS) scaffold to form a core-shell composite (C/CS plus AM wrap) in a manner similar to current collagen membrane wraps used in rotator cuff and Achilles tendon surgeries to improve the mechanical strength of the repair. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured within these materials were evaluated for metabolic health and immunomodulatory gene expression in response to inflammatory media challenge of interleukin 1 β and tumor necrosis factor α. The scaffolds were able to maintain MSC metabolic activity in all media conditions over the course of a 7 day culture. Expression of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated in AM containing scaffolds, suggesting the potential to employ AM-modified CG scaffolds for tendon-repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hortensius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jill H Ebens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marley J Dewey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Tolouei AE, Dülger N, Ghatee R, Kennedy S. A Magnetically Responsive Biomaterial System for Flexibly Regulating the Duration between Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Deliveries. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800227. [PMID: 29663695 PMCID: PMC7256859 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While inflammation can be problematic, it is nonetheless necessary for proper tissue regeneration. However, it remains unclear how the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response impacts regenerative outcome. This is partially due to the difficulty in temporally regulating macrophage phenotype at wound sites. Here, a magnetically responsive biomaterial system potentially capable of temporally regulating macrophage phenotypes through sequential, on-demand cytokine deliveries is presented. This material system is designed to (i) rapidly recruit proinflammatory macrophages (M1) through initial cytokine deliveries and (ii) subsequently transition macrophages toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes (M2s) through delayed, magnetically triggered cytokine release. Here, the ability of this system to initially deliver proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interferon gamma), recruit, and harbor an expanding macrophage population, and delay deliveries of anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10) until the application of magnetic fields from simple hand-held magnets is demonstrated. Critically, the timing and rate of these delayed deliveries can be remotely/magnetically controlled. This biomaterial system can provide a powerful tool in (i) understanding the relationship between inflammation and regenerative outcome, (ii) developing optimized cytokine delivery strategies, and (iii) clinically implementing those optimized delivery strategies with the on-demand versatility needed to alter the course of therapies in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita E Tolouei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Nihan Dülger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Rosa Ghatee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Stephen Kennedy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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Krzyszczyk P, Schloss R, Palmer A, Berthiaume F. The Role of Macrophages in Acute and Chronic Wound Healing and Interventions to Promote Pro-wound Healing Phenotypes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:419. [PMID: 29765329 PMCID: PMC5938667 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles in all phases of adult wound healing, which are inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. As wounds heal, the local macrophage population transitions from predominantly pro-inflammatory (M1-like phenotypes) to anti-inflammatory (M2-like phenotypes). Non-healing chronic wounds, such as pressure, arterial, venous, and diabetic ulcers indefinitely remain in inflammation—the first stage of wound healing. Thus, local macrophages retain pro-inflammatory characteristics. This review discusses the physiology of monocytes and macrophages in acute wound healing and the different phenotypes described in the literature for both in vitro and in vivo models. We also discuss aberrations that occur in macrophage populations in chronic wounds, and attempts to restore macrophage function by therapeutic approaches. These include endogenous M1 attenuation, exogenous M2 supplementation and endogenous macrophage modulation/M2 promotion via mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, biomaterials, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and oxygen therapy. We recognize the challenges and controversies that exist in this field, such as standardization of macrophage phenotype nomenclature, definition of their distinct roles and understanding which phenotype is optimal in order to promote healing in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Krzyszczyk
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Rene Schloss
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Andre Palmer
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - François Berthiaume
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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31
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Macrophage-based therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:74-83. [PMID: 28526591 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that therapeutic cell and drug delivery strategies designed to actively harness the regenerative potential of the inflammatory response have great potential in regenerative medicine. In particular, macrophages have emerged as a primary target because of their critical roles in regulating multiple phases of tissue repair through their unique ability to rapidly shift phenotypes. Herein, we review macrophage-based therapies, focusing on the translational potential for cell delivery of ex vivo-activated macrophages and delivery of molecules and biomaterials to modulate accumulation and phenotype of endogenous macrophages. We also review current obstacles to progress in translating basic findings to therapeutic applications, including the need for improved understanding of context-dependent macrophage functions and the myriad factors that regulate macrophage phenotype; potential species-specific differences (e.g. humans versus mice); quality control issues; and the lack of standardized procedures and nomenclature for characterizing macrophages. Looking forward, the inherent plasticity of macrophages represents a daunting challenge for harnessing these cells in regenerative medicine therapies but also great opportunity for improving patient outcomes in a variety of pathological conditions.
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32
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Effects of the fibrous topography-mediated macrophage phenotype transition on the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells: An in vivo study. Biomaterials 2017; 149:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Zhong C, Shi D, Zheng Y, Nelson PJ, Bao Q. Successive Release of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase-1 Through Graphene Oxide-Based Delivery System Can Promote Skin Regeneration. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:533. [PMID: 28916996 PMCID: PMC5602890 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to testify the hypothesis that graphene oxide (GO) could act as an appropriate vehicle for the release of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein in the context of skin repair. GO characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. After TIMP-1 absorbing GO, the release profiles of various concentrations of TIMP-1 from GO were compared. GO biocompatibility with fibroblast viability was assessed by measuring cell cycle and apoptosis. In vivo wound healing assays were used to determine the effect of TIMP-1-GO on skin regeneration. The greatest intensity of GO was 1140 nm, and the most intensity volume was 10,674.1 nm (nanometer). TIMP-1 was shown to be continuously released for at least 40 days from GO. The proliferation and viability of rat fibroblasts cultured with TIMP-1-GO were not significantly different as compared with the cells grown in GO or TIMP-1 alone (p > 0.05). Skin defect of rats treated with TIMP-1 and TIMP-1-GO showed significant differences in histological and immunohistochemical scores (p < 0.05). GO can be controlled to release carrier materials. The combination of TIMP-1 and GO promoted the progression of skin tissue regeneration in skin defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dike Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Clinics of University of Munich, Clinical Biochemistry Group, Schillerstr 42, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dyskova T, Gallo J, Kriegova E. The Role of the Chemokine System in Tissue Response to Prosthetic By-products Leading to Periprosthetic Osteolysis and Aseptic Loosening. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 28883822 PMCID: PMC5573717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of total joint replacements are performed annually worldwide, and the number is increasing every year. The overall proportion of patients achieving a successful outcome is about 80–90% in a 10–20-years time horizon postoperatively, periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening (AL) being the most frequent reasons for knee and hip implant failure and reoperations. The chemokine system (chemokine receptors and chemokines) is crucially involved in the inflammatory and osteolytic processes leading to PPOL/AL. Thus, the modulation of the interactions within the chemokine system may influence the extent of PPOL. Indeed, recent studies in murine models reported that (i) blocking the CCR2–CCL2 or CXCR2–CXCL2 axis or (ii) activation of the CXCR4–CXCL12 axis attenuate the osteolysis of artificial joints. Importantly, chemokines, inhibitory mutant chemokines, antagonists of chemokine receptors, or neutralizing antibodies to the chemokine system attached to or incorporated into the implant surface may influence the tissue responses and mitigate PPOL, thus increasing prosthesis longevity. This review summarizes the current state of the art of the knowledge of the chemokine system in human PPOL/AL. Furthermore, the potential for attenuating cell trafficking to the bone–implant interface and influencing tissue responses through modulation of the chemokine system is delineated. Additionally, the prospects of using immunoregenerative biomaterials (including chemokines) for the prevention of failed implants are discussed. Finally, this review highlights the need for a more sophisticated understanding of implant debris-induced changes in the chemokine system to mitigate this response effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Dyskova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedics, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Nishikai-Yan Shen T, Kanazawa S, Kado M, Okada K, Luo L, Hayashi A, Mizuno H, Tanaka R. Interleukin-6 stimulates Akt and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and fibroblast migration in non-diabetic but not diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178232. [PMID: 28542434 PMCID: PMC5441644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammatory environment and abnormal macrophage activation are characteristics of chronic diabetic wounds. Here, we attempted to characterize the differences in macrophage activation and temporal variations in cytokine expression in diabetic and non-diabetic wounds, with a focus on interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression and the p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Cutaneous wound closure, CD68- and arginase-1 (Arg-1)-expressing macrophages, and cytokine mRNA expression were examined in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice at different time points after injury. The effect of IL-6 on p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation was investigated, and an in vitro scratch assay was performed to determine the role of IL-6 in primary skin fibroblast migration. Before injury, mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory markers iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α were higher in diabetic mice; however, IL-6 expression was significantly lower 6 h post injury in diabetic wounds than that in non-diabetic wounds. Non-diabetic wounds exhibited increased p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation; however, no such increase was found in diabetic wounds. In fibroblasts from non-diabetic mice, IL-6 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and levels of its downstream factor CREB, and also significantly increased Akt phosphorylation and levels of its upstream factor P13K. These effects of IL-6 were not detected in fibroblasts derived from the diabetic mice. In scratch assays, IL-6 stimulated the migration of primary cultured skin fibroblasts from the non-diabetic mice, and the inhibition of p38 MAPK was found to markedly suppress IL-6–stimulated fibroblast migration. These findings underscore the critical differences between diabetic and non-diabetic wounds in terms of macrophage activation, cytokine mRNA expression profile, and involvement of the IL-6-stimulated p38 MAPK–Akt signaling pathway. Aberrant macrophage activation and abnormalities in the cytokine mRNA expression profile during different phases of wound healing should be addressed when designing effective therapeutic modalities for refractory diabetic wounds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Interleukin-6/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Wound Healing/drug effects
- Wound Healing/physiology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubame Nishikai-Yan Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kanazawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Kado
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Okada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayato Hayashi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rica Tanaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Brown BN, Haschak MJ, Lopresti ST, Stahl EC. Effects of age-related shifts in cellular function and local microenvironment upon the innate immune response to implants. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:24-32. [PMID: 28539184 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The host macrophage response is now well recognized as a predictor of the success or failure of biomaterial implants following placement. More specifically, shifts from an "M1" pro-inflammatory towards a more "M2-like" anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization profile have been shown to result in enhanced material integration and/or tissue regeneration downstream. As a result, a number of biomaterials-based approaches to controlling macrophage polarization have been developed. However, the ability to promote such activity is predicated upon an in-depth, context-dependent understanding of the host response to biomaterials. Recent work has shown the impacts of both tissue location and tissue status (i.e. underlying pathology) upon the host innate immune response to implants, representing a departure from a focus upon implant material composition and form. Thus, the ideas of "biocompatibility," the host macrophage reaction, and ideal material requirements and modification strategies may need to be revisited on a patient, tissue, and disease basis. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that the host response to biomaterials in aged individuals should differ from that in younger individuals. However, despite the increasing usage of implantable medical devices in aged patients, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response to biomaterials and the implications of this response for long-term integration and function have been performed. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the putative effects of aging upon the host response to implanted materials and to advance the hypothesis that age-related changes in the local microenvrionement, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix, play a previously unrecognized role in determining the host response to implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Martin J Haschak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Samuel T Lopresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Stahl
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Hachim D, Wang N, Lopresti ST, Stahl EC, Umeda YU, Rege RD, Carey ST, Mani D, Brown BN. Effects of aging upon the host response to implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1281-1292. [PMID: 28130823 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization during the host response is now a well-accepted predictor of outcomes following material implantation. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that host responses to materials in aged individuals should differ from those in younger individuals. However, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response have been performed. The present work sought to elucidate the impacts of aging upon the host response to polypropylene mesh implanted into 8-week-old and 18-month-old mice. The results showed that there are significant differences in macrophage surface marker expression, migration, and polarization during the early host macrophage response and delayed resolution of the host response in 18-month-old versus 8-week-old mice. These differences could not be attributed to cell-intrinsic defects alone, suggesting that the host macrophage response to implants is likely also dictated to a significant degree by the local tissue microenvironment. These results raise important questions about the design and testing of materials and devices often intended to treat aged individuals and suggest that an improved understanding of patient- and context-dependent macrophage responses has the potential to improve outcomes in aged individuals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1281-1292, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hachim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Na Wang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - Samuel T Lopresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Elizabeth C Stahl
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
| | - Yuta U Umeda
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Rahul D Rege
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Sean T Carey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Deepa Mani
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
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Abstract
Macrophages are the initial biologic responders to biomaterials. These highly plastic immune sentinels control and modulate responses to materials, foreign or natural. The responses may vary from immune stimulatory to immune suppressive. Several parameters have been identified that influence macrophage response to biomaterials, specifically size, geometry, surface topography, hydrophobicity, surface chemistry, material mechanics, and protein adsorption. In this review, the influence of these parameters is supported with examples of both synthetic and naturally derived materials and illustrates that a combination of these parameters ultimately influences macrophage responses to the biomaterial. Having an understanding of these properties may lead to highly efficient design of biomaterials with desirable biologic response properties.
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Abstract
Chronic wounds pose considerable public health challenges and burden. Wound healing is known to require the participation of macrophages, but mechanisms remain unclear. The M1 phenotype macrophages have a known scavenger function, but they also play multiple roles in tissue repair and regeneration when they transition to an M2 phenotype. Macrophage precursors (mononuclear cells/monocytes) follow the influx of PMN neutrophils into a wound during the natural wound-healing process, to become the major cells in the wound. Natural wound-healing process is a four-phase progression consisting of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. A lag phase of 3-6 days precedes the remodeling phase, which is characterized by fibroblast activation and finally collagen production. This normal wound-healing process can be accelerated by the intracellular delivery of ATP to wound tissue. This novel ATP-mediated acceleration arises due to an alternative activation of the M1 to M2 transition (macrophage polarization), a central and critical feature of the wound-healing process. This response is also characterized by an early increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1 beta, IL-6), a chemokine (MCP-1), an activation of purinergic receptors (a family of plasma membrane receptors found in almost all mammalian cells), and an increased production of platelets and platelet microparticles. These factors trigger a massive influx of macrophages, as well as in situ proliferation of the resident macrophages and increased synthesis of VEGFs. These responses are followed, in turn, by rapid neovascularization and collagen production by the macrophages, resulting in wound covering with granulation tissue within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sufan Chien
- Noveratech LLC, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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40
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Später T, Frueh FS, Metzger W, Menger MD, Laschke MW. In vivo
biocompatibility, vascularization, and incorporation of Integra®
dermal regenerative template and flowable wound matrix. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 106:52-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University; 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Florian S. Frueh
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University; 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery; Saarland University; 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University; 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University; 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany
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