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Liu K, Cao Z, Huang S, Kong F. Mechanism underlying the effect of Pulsatilla decoction in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: a network pharmacology and in vitro analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:405. [PMID: 37950195 PMCID: PMC10636957 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, there exist limited strategies for treating HCC. Pulsatilla decoction (PD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease and several cancer types. Accordingly, we explored the mechanism of PD in HCC treatment via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. METHODS Online databases were searched for gene data, active components, and potential target genes associated with HCC development. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis was performed using protein-protein interaction and Network Construction and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to screen for potential anticancer components and therapeutic targets of PD. Finally, the effect of PD on HCC was further verified by in vitro experiments. RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis revealed that 65 compounds and 180 possible target genes were associated with the effect of PD on HCC. These included PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, FOS, and NFKBIA. KEGG analysis demonstrated that PD exerted its effect on HCC mainly via the PI3K-AKT, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. Cell viability and cell cycle experiments revealed that PD could significantly inhibit cancer cell proliferation and kill HCC cells by inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, western blotting confirmed that apoptosis was mediated primarily via the PI3K-AKT, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the molecular mechanism and potential targets of PD in the treatment of HCC using network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fanhua Kong
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Natural Polymer Biological Liver, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Skjellerudsveen BM, Omdal R, Hetta AK, Kvaløy JT, Aabakken L, Skoie IM, Grimstad T. Less, but not gone-gluten-free diet effects on fatigue in celiac disease: a prospective controlled study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1242512. [PMID: 37766922 PMCID: PMC10520960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1242512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue is a frequent complaint in patients with celiac disease. A gluten-free diet is the only established treatment for celiac disease, but how this diet influences fatigue is uncertain. We aimed to investigate fatigue prevalence, severity, and associated factors in patients with celiac disease, at diagnosis and at 1 year after commencing a gluten-free diet. Methods 78 patients with serologically and histologically verified celiac disease, 78 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Primary endpoints were Fatigue Visual Analog Scale (fVAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and inverted Vitality subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36vs). Clinically relevant fatigue was defined as: FSS score ≥ 4, fVAS score ≥ 50 mm, or inverted SF-36vs score ≥ 65. Higher scores represented more fatigue. Results Fatigue was reduced after a 12-month gluten-free diet. Median scores changed from 3.8 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.2 to 4.8) to 1.9 (IQR: 1.4 to 3.5) for FSS, from 44.5 (IQR: 18.8 to 66.0) to 15.5 (IQR: 7.8 to 43.3) for fVAS, and from 65 (IQR: 40 to 75) to 35 (IQR: 25 to 55) for inverted SF-36vs (p < 0.001 for all). Fatigue prevalence also declined after treatment. However, scores were significantly higher in patients compared to control subjects. Higher fatigue scores were associated with depression and pain, but not with signs of disease activity or nutritional deficiency. Conclusion At diagnosis, patients with celiac disease frequently had severe fatigue. Fatigue declined after a gluten-free diet, but it remained higher than that observed in healthy subjects. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT01551563.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Kristine Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Marie Skoie
- Department of Dermatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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3
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Kvivik I, Grimstad T, Bårdsen K, Jonsson G, Kvaløy JT, Omdal R. High mobility group box 1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:81. [PMID: 37365509 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is common in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, often with a severe impact on the patient's daily life. From a biological point of view, fatigue can be regarded as an element of the sickness behavior response, a coordinated set of responses induced by pathogens to enhance survival during an infection and immunological danger. The mechanisms are not fully understood but involve activation of the innate immune system, with pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-1β, acting on cerebral neurons. These mechanisms are also active during chronic inflammatory conditions. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has interleukin-1 like properties and is a strong inducer of innate immune responses. Its role in generation of fatigue is not clarified. Emerging evidence indicates that also other biomolecules may influence sickness behavior. We aimed to elucidate how HMGB1 influences fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease, and how the protein interacts with other candidate biomarkers of fatigue. METHODS In 56 patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease, fatigue was evaluated using three different fatigue instruments: the fatigue visual analog scale (fVAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the vitality subscale of Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36vs). The biochemical markers IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), soluble IL-1 receptor type 2 (sIL-RII), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), HMGB1, anti-fully reduced (fr)HMGB1 antibodies (abs), hemopexin (HPX), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were measured in plasma. Multivariable regression and principal component analyses (PCA) were applied. RESULTS Multivariable regression analyses revealed significant contributions to fatigue severity for HMGB1 in the FSS model, HSP90α in the fVAS model and IL-1RA in the SF-36vs model. Depression and pain scores contributed to all three models. In PCA, two components described 53.3% of the variation. The "inflammation and cellular stress dimension" was dominated by IL-1RA, sIL-1RII, HSP90α, HPX, and PEDF scores, where the "HMGB1 dimension" was dominated by HMGB1, anti-frHMGB1 abs, and fVAS scores. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that HMGB1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue severity in chronic inflammatory conditions. The well-known association with depression and pain is also acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Kvivik
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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Chang C, Tang X, Woodley DT, Chen M, Li W. The Distinct Assignments for Hsp90α and Hsp90β: More Than Skin Deep. Cells 2023; 12:277. [PMID: 36672211 PMCID: PMC9857327 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the undisputable definition of the cytosolic Hsp90α and hsp90β proteins being evolutionarily conserved, ATP-driven chaperones has ruled basic research and clinical trials. The results of recent studies, however, have fundamentally challenged this paradigm, not to mention the spectacular failures of the paradigm-based clinical trials in cancer and beyond. We now know that Hsp90α and Hsp90β are both ubiquitously expressed in all cell types but assigned for distinct and irreplaceable functions. Hsp90β is essential during mouse development and Hsp90α only maintains male reproductivity in adult mice. Neither Hsp90β nor Hsp90α could substitute each other under these biological processes. Hsp90β alone maintains cell survival in culture and Hsp90α cannot substitute it. Hsp90α also has extracellular functions under stress and Hsp90β does not. The dramatic difference in the steady-state expression of Hsp90 in different mouse organs is due to the variable expressions of Hsp90α. The lowest expression of Hsp90 is less than 2% and the highest expression of Hsp90 is 9% among non-transformed cell lines. The two linker regions only take up less than 5% of the Hsp90 proteins, but harbor 21% of the total amino acid substitutions, i.e., 40% in comparison to the 86% overall amino acid homology. A full understanding of the distinctions between Hsp90α and Hsp90β could lead to new, safe and effective therapeutics targeting Hsp90 in human disorders such as cancer. This is the first comprehensive review of a comparison between the two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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5
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Zhou Y, Wu Q, Yu W, Ye F, Cao Y, Akan OD, Wu X, Xie T, Lu H, Cao F, Luo F, Lin Q. Gastrodin ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue via modulating Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting inflammation in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-90 (eHsp90): Everything You Need to Know. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070911. [PMID: 35883467 PMCID: PMC9313274 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
“Extracellular” Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) was initially reported in the 1970s but was not formally recognized until 2008 at the 4th International Conference on The Hsp90 Chaperone Machine (Monastery Seeon, Germany). Studies presented under the topic of “extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90)” at the conference provided direct evidence for eHsp90’s involvement in cancer invasion and skin wound healing. Over the past 15 years, studies have focused on the secretion, action, biological function, therapeutic targeting, preclinical evaluations, and clinical utility of eHsp90 using wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and tumour models both in vitro and in vivo. eHsp90 has emerged as a critical stress-responding molecule targeting each of the pathophysiological conditions. Despite the studies, our current understanding of several fundamental questions remains little beyond speculation. Does eHsp90 indeed originate from purposeful live cell secretion or rather from accidental dead cell leakage? Why did evolution create an intracellular chaperone that also functions as a secreted factor with reported extracellular duties that might be (easily) fulfilled by conventional secreted molecules? Is eHsp90 a safer and more optimal drug target than intracellular Hsp90 chaperone? In this review, we summarize how much we have learned about eHsp90, provide our conceptual views of the findings, and make recommendations on the future studies of eHsp90 for clinical relevance.
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Liu J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Chen S, Feng S, He Y, Zhang S. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Identify the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Pulsatilla Decoction against Crohn's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844685. [PMID: 35450039 PMCID: PMC9016333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore pharmacological mechanisms of Pulsatilla decoction (PD) against Crohn's disease (CD) via network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation. Methods: Public databases were searched to identify bioactive compounds and related targets of PD as well as related genes in patients with CD. Analyses using the drug-compound-target-disease network, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the core targets and pathways of PD against CD. Colon tissue resected from patients with CD and tissue samples from a mouse model of CD fibrosis treated with PD were assessed to verify the major targets of PD in CD predicted by network pharmacologic analysis. Results: A search of the targets of bioactive compounds in PD and targets in CD identified 134 intersection targets. The target HSP90AA1, which was common to the drug-compound-target-disease and PPI networks, was used to simulate molecular docking with the corresponding bioactive compound. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that multiple targets in the antifibrotic pathway were enriched and could be experimentally validated in CD patients and in a mouse model of CD fibrosis. Assays of colon tissues from CD patients showed that intestinal fibrosis was greater in stenoses than in nonstenoses, with upregulation of p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-PKC, and PKC targets. Treatment of CD fibrosis mice with PD reduced the degree of fibrosis, with downregulation of the p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, and PKC targets. Conclusion: Network pharmacology analysis was able to predict bioactive compounds in PD and their potential targets in CD. Several of these targets were validated experimentally, providing insight into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the biological activities of PD in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Edong Healthcare City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Chinese Medical University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Grimstad T, Skjellerudsveen BM, Kvaløy JT, Skoie IM, Carlsen A, Karlsen LN, Aabakken L, Omdal R. The influence of disease activity on fatigue in patients with ulcerative colitis - a longitudinal study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:290-297. [PMID: 34846950 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.2007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between the disease activity of ulcerative colitis and fatigue is unclear. We investigated how reaching deep remission versus remaining in active disease influenced the severity of fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 149 consecutive patients in a longitudinal study. Patients were re-examined after 3 months of conventional treatment and dichotomized into A: Active disease or B: Deep remission. The Partial Mayo Score (PMS) was recorded in all patients. Fatigue was rated using the fatigue visual analog scale (fVAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Short Form-36 Vitality Subscale (SF-36vs). A control group of 22 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included as controls for patients reaching deep remission. RESULTS After 3 months there were no significant differences in fVAS, FSS and SF-36vs scores in patients with active disease compared to patients reaching deep remission, when adjusting for baseline fatigue scores. Patients in remission based on MES-UC scores had no significant reduction in fatigue scores, whereas patients in remission based on PMS had all three fatigue scores reduced. However, patients reaching deep remission still had higher fVAS and lower SF-36vs scores compared to healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS After 3 months of conventional treatment there were no differences in fatigue severity in patients reaching deep remission compared with patients still having active disease. Fatigue was more pronounced in patients in deep remission than in healthy subjects, and was associated with subjective and not objective measures of disease activity. This indicates that other potent factors than inflammation influence fatigue in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Grimstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Research, Stavanger University, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Arne Carlsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars N Karlsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Department of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Skoie IM, Bårdsen K, Nilsen MM, Eidem LE, Grimstad T, Dalen I, Omdal R. Fatigue and expression of heat shock genes in plaque type psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:1068-1077. [PMID: 34921435 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue is common in psoriasis, and heat shock proteins (HSP) have been postulated to influence fatigue. OBJECTIVE To evaluate gene expression patterns of selected HSPs in psoriasis patients with high versus low fatigue. METHODS Fatigue was assessed using the fatigue Visual Analoge Scale and disease activity by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. Peripheral blood transcriptional profiles (RNA-seq) of HSP genes from 10 patients with high fatigue were compared with 10 patients with low fatigue. HSPB11, HSPBAP1, HSPA14, HSPA9P1, HSP90B1 and HSP90AB1 contributed most to separation of the two groups in a principal component analysis. Four of these genes (HSPB11, HSPA14, HSP90B1, HSP90AB1) were further investigated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase reaction (RT-qPCR) in 20 patients with high and 20 with low fatigue scores. RESULTS Both RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed a tendency to higher expression levels of HSPB11 and lower expression of HSP90B1 in the high fatigue group versus the low fatigue group. Psoriasis disease activity had no influence on the expression levels of the studied HSP genes. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggest that some HSPs are involved in generation of fatigue in psoriasis supporting the hypothesis that downregulatory innate immune responses influence fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger
| | - Mari M Nilsen
- Department Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger
| | - Live E Eidem
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Stavanger
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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10
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Kvivik I, Jonsson G, Omdal R, Brede C. Sample Preparation Strategies for Antibody-Free Quantitative Analysis of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060537. [PMID: 34205112 PMCID: PMC8230321 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior and fatigue are induced by cerebral mechanisms involving inflammatory cytokines. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an alarmin, and a potential key player in this process. Reliable quantification methods for total HMGB1 and its redox variants must be established in order to clearly understand how it functions. Current methods pose significant challenges due to interference from other plasma proteins and autoantibodies. We aimed to develop an antibody-free sample preparation method followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure HMGB1 in human plasma. Different methods were applied for the removal of interfering proteins and the enrichment of HMGB1 from spiked human plasma samples. A comparison of methods showed an overall low extraction recovery (<40%), probably due to the stickiness of HMGB1. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation of intact proteins in diluted plasma yielded the most promising results. The method produced an even higher degree of HMGB1 purification than that observed with immunoaffinity extraction. Detection sensitivity needs to be further improved for the measurement of HMGB1 in patient samples. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that a versatile and fully antibody-free sample preparation method is possible, which could be of great use in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Kvivik
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway;
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway;
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway;
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kvivik I, Grimstad T, Jonsson G, Kvaløy JT, Omdal R. Anti-HMGB1 auto-Abs influence fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease. Innate Immun 2021; 27:286-293. [PMID: 33940970 PMCID: PMC8186155 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211014252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is common in all chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A conceptual model for understanding the biological basis of fatigue describes it as being a part of the sickness behaviour response generated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. We hypothesised that the pro-inflammatory high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a fatigue-inducing molecule and that auto-Abs against HMGB1 reduce fatigue. We measured Abs against disulphide (ds) HMGB1 and fully reduced (fr) HMGB1 in plasma from 57 patients with Crohn’s disease. Fatigue was rated using the fatigue visual analogue scale (fVAS) and disease activity with faecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein and the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease. Multivariable regression models identified anti-dsHMGB1 and anti-frHMGB1 Abs as the strongest contributing factors for fVAS scores (B = −29.10 (P = 0.01), R2 = 0.17, and B = −17.77 (P = 0.01), R2 = 0.17, respectively). Results indicate that anti-HMGB1 auto-Abs alleviate fatigue possibly by down-regulating HMGB1-induced sickness behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan T Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
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12
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Xie Y, Chen L, Xu Z, Li C, Ni Y, Hou M, Chen L, Chang H, Yang Y, Wang H, He R, Chen R, Qian L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhu Y, Ji M, Liu Y. Predictive Modeling of MAFLD Based on Hsp90α and the Therapeutic Application of Teprenone in a Diet-Induced Mouse Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:743202. [PMID: 34659125 PMCID: PMC8515197 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.743202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The heat shock protein (Hsp) 90α is induced by stress and regulates inflammation through multiple pathways. Elevated serum Hsp90α had been found in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA, also called teprenone) is a terpenoid derivative. It was reported to induce Hsp and alleviate insulin resistance. We aimed to evaluate the Hsp90α as a biomarker in predicting metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and define the therapeutic effects of geranylgeranylacetone for the disease. METHODS A clinical study was conducted to analyze the elements associated with Hsp90α, and a predictive model of MAFLD was developed based on Hsp90α. The histopathological correlation between Hsp90α and MAFLD was investigated through a diet-induced mouse model. Furthermore, GGA was applied to the mouse model. RESULTS Serum Hsp90α was increased in patients with MAFLD. A positive linear relationship was found between age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), MAFLD, and serum Hsp90α. Meanwhile, a negative linear relationship with body mass index (BMI) was found. A model using Hsp90α, BMI, HbA1c, and ALT was established for predicting MAFLD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.94 (95% CI 0.909-0.971, p = 0.000). The sensitivity was 84.1%, and the specificity was 93.1%. In vitro experiments, GGA induced Hsp90α in steatosis cells. In the mice model, Hsp90α decreased in the GGA treatment group. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance were improved in the GGA-treated group. Serum Hsp90α was positively correlated with steatohepatitis activity according to hepatic histopathology. CONCLUSIONS Serum Hsp90α was elevated in MAFLD, and a positive correlation between serum Hsp90α and the grade of activity of steatohepatitis was observed. The model using BMI, HbA1c, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had a good value to predict MAFLD. The findings also revealed the effectiveness of GGA in the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbo He
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rourou Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Minjun Ji, ; Yu Liu,
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Minjun Ji, ; Yu Liu,
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