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Leung JH, Leung HWC, Wang SY, Yip Fion HT, Chan ALF. Comparison of target agent treatment strategies for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38183. [PMID: 38788019 PMCID: PMC11124750 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to compare 7 newer immunotherapies and targeted therapies for platinum-resistant relapsed ovarian cancer. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library electronic databases for phase III trials involving platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PRrOC) patients treated with immunotherapy or targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy. The quality of the included trials was assessed using the GRADE method. The primary outcome of comparison was progression-free survival, and secondary outcomes included overall survival and safety. RESULTS This analysis included 7 randomized phase III controlled trials, encompassing 2485 PRrOC patients. Combining bevacizumab plus chemotherapy and lurbinectedin demonstrated statistically significant differences in progression-free survival compared to all other regimens of interest. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the overall survival. Nivolumab and mirvetuximab exhibited fewer serious adverse events than the other regimens of interest. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy and lurbinectedin monotherapy has significant efficacy in patients with PRrOC. For patients with PRrOC who have exhausted treatment options, nivolumab and mirvetuximab may be considered as alternatives because of their better safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hang Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Henry W. C. Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Yau Wang
- Department of Radiation, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip Fion
- Department Management Office for Health Data, Clinical Trial Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Agnes L. F. Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Xiong F, Zhou YW, Hao YT, Wei GX, Chen XR, Qiu M. Combining Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Therapy with Immunotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC). Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:185-192. [PMID: 37705376 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2232718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies binding the EGFR, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, have been extensively used as targeted therapy for the treatment of mCRC. However, in clinical practice, it has been found that these treatment options have some limitations and fail to fully exploit their immunoregulatory activities. Meanwhile, because of the limited effects of current treatments, immunotherapy is being widely studied for patients with mCRC. However, previous immunotherapy trials in mCRC patients have had unsatisfactory outcomes as monotherapy. Thus, combinatorial treatment strategies are being researched. AREAS COVERED The authors retrieved relevant documents of combination therapy for mCRC from PubMed and Medline. This review elaborates on the knowledge of immunomodulatory effects of anti-EGFR therapy alone and in combination with immunotherapy for mCRC. EXPERT OPINION Although current treatment options have improved median overall survival (OS) for advanced disease to 30 months, the prognosis remains challenging for those with metastatic disease. More recently, the combination of anti-EGFR therapy with immunotherapy has been shown activity with complementary mechanisms. Hence, anti-EGFR therapy in combination with immunotherapy may hold the key to improving the therapeutic effect of refractory mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ting Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gui-Xia Wei
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nakamichi S, Kubota K, Misumi T, Kondo T, Murakami S, Shiraishi Y, Imai H, Harada D, Isobe K, Itani H, Takata S, Wakui H, Misumi Y, Ikeda S, Asao T, Furuya N, Hosokawa S, Kobayashi Y, Takiguchi Y, Okamoto H. Phase II Study of Durvalumab Immediately after Completion of Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: TORG1937 (DATE Study). Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1104-1110. [PMID: 38165684 PMCID: PMC10940851 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by durvalumab consolidation for up to 12 months is the standard of care for patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, exactly when to initiate durvalumab therapy after chemoradiation completion remains unknown. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of durvalumab, administered immediately after CCRT completion, for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a prospective, single-arm, open-label phase II clinical trial. Patients without disease progression after definitive CCRT (two cycles of platinum-based doublet chemotherapy with 60 Gy/30 Fr radiotherapy) received durvalumab (every 2 weeks for up to 12 months) from the next day (up to 5 days) after the final radiation dose. The primary endpoint was the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) from registration before the start of CCRT. RESULTS From January 2020 to August 2020, 47 of 50 enrolled patients were evaluable for treatment efficacy and safety. The 1-year PFS from registration was 75.0% [60% confidence interval (CI), 69.0-80.0 and 95% CI, 59.4-85.3]. The objective response rate throughout the study treatment and median PFS from registration were 78.7% and 14.2 months (95% CI, 13.4 to not reached), respectively. Grade 3/4 pneumonitis and febrile neutropenia were each 4.3%. CONCLUSIONS Our study met the primary endpoint. The incidence of pneumonitis was similar to that of a Japanese subset in the PACIFIC study. Our data support the efficacy and safety of durvalumab administered immediately after the completion of CCRT for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Nakamichi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Misumi
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kondo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Shiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisao Imai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Ota, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daijiro Harada
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Isobe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Itani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, Ise, Japan
| | - Saori Takata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Misumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Asao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Furuya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shinobu Hosokawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takiguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Sandbhor P, Palkar P, Bhat S, John G, Goda JS. Nanomedicine as a multimodal therapeutic paradigm against cancer: on the way forward in advancing precision therapy. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38470224 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in nanotechnology-based cancer therapeutics, and it continues to evolve from the use of conventional therapies (chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy) to increasingly multi-complex approaches incorporating thermal energy-based tumor ablation (e.g. magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy), dynamic therapy (e.g. photodynamic therapy), gene therapy, sonodynamic therapy (e.g. ultrasound), immunotherapy, and more recently real-time treatment efficacy monitoring (e.g. theranostic MRI-sensitive nanoparticles). Unlike monotherapy, these multimodal therapies (bimodal, i.e., a combination of two therapies, and trimodal, i.e., a combination of more than two therapies) incorporating nanoplatforms have tremendous potential to improve the tumor tissue penetration and retention of therapeutic agents through selective active/passive targeting effects. These combinatorial therapies can correspondingly alleviate drug response against hypoxic/acidic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and promote/induce tumor cell death through various multi-mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen-based cytotoxicity, e.g., ferroptosis, etc. These multi-faced approaches such as targeting the tumor vasculature, neoangiogenic vessels, drug-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs), preventing intra/extravasation to reduce metastatic growth, and modulation of antitumor immune responses work complementary to each other, enhancing treatment efficacy. In this review, we discuss recent advances in different nanotechnology-mediated synergistic/additive combination therapies, emphasizing their underlying mechanisms for improving cancer prognosis and survival outcomes. Additionally, significant challenges such as CSCs, hypoxia, immunosuppression, and distant/local metastasis associated with therapy resistance and tumor recurrences are reviewed. Furthermore, to improve the clinical precision of these multimodal nanoplatforms in cancer treatment, their successful bench-to-clinic translation with controlled and localized drug-release kinetics, maximizing the therapeutic window while addressing safety and regulatory concerns are discussed. As we advance further, exploiting these strategies in clinically more relevant models such as patient-derived xenografts and 3D organoids will pave the way for the application of precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sandbhor
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Pranoti Palkar
- Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sakshi Bhat
- Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Geofrey John
- Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Jayant S Goda
- Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Su M, Wang J, Zhao N, Yu B, Wang Y, Xu FJ. Genetically light-enhanced immunotherapy mediated by a fluorinated reduction-sensitive delivery system. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122433. [PMID: 38160625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The lack of safe and efficient therapeutic agent delivery platforms restricts combined therapy's effect, and combined cancer therapy's multi-component delivery effect needs improvement. The novel gene delivery system SS-HPT-F/pMIP-3β-KR was proposed to construct fluorine-containing degradable cationic polymers SS-HPT-F by a mild and simple amino-epoxy ring-opening reaction. By modifying the fluorinated alkyl chain, the delivery efficiency of the plasmid was greatly improved, and the cytoplasmic transport of biomolecules was completed. At the same time, a combination plasmid (MIP-3β-KillerRed) was innovatively designed for the independent expression of immune and photodynamic proteins. Which was efficiently transported to the tumor site by SS-HPT-F. The MIP-3β is expressed as an immune chemokine realize the immune mobilization behavior. The photosensitive protein KillerRed expressed in the tumor killed cancer cells under irradiation and released the exocrine immune factor MIP-3β. The immunogenic cell death (ICD) produced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) also induced the immune response of the organism. The synergistic effect of PDT and MIP-3β mobilized the immune properties of the organism, providing light-enhanced immune combination therapy against malignant tumors. Therefore, in subcutaneous tumor-bearing and metastatic animal models, the carrier tumor growth and mobilize organism produce an immune response without systemic toxicity. This work reports the first efficient gene delivery system that achieves light-enhanced immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nana Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education) and Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Zou B. Radiation and resolve: unlocking the synergistic potential of radioimmunotherapy in advanced lung cancer management. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:55-58. [PMID: 38054261 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plain language summary This editorial talks about combining radiation therapy (using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells) and immunotherapy (boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer) to treat advanced lung cancer. When used together, these therapies can work better to kill more cancer cells and help patients live longer. But, there's still a lot we don't know. For instance, we need to figure out the best timing and doses for these treatments, and which patients will benefit the most. The article stresses that more research is needed to answer these questions and make this combined treatment a more effective option for advanced lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Lin W, Qian H, Yang Y, Zhou X, Wu C, Pan X, Liu Y, Wang G. Integrated multi-omic analysis and experiment reveals the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:12. [PMID: 38167084 PMCID: PMC10763289 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide and is associated with high mortality rates. While the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been established, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we utilized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (ERSRGs) between LUAD and normal tissues. We performed various bioinformatics analyses to investigate the biological functions of these ERSRGs. Using LASSO analysis and multivariate stepwise regression, we constructed a novel prognostic model based on the ERSRGs. We further validated the performance of the model using two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Additionally, we conducted functional enrichment analysis, immune checkpoint analysis, and immune infiltration analysis and drug sensitivity analysis of LUAD patients to explore the potential biological function of the model. Furthermore, we conducted a battery of experiments to verify the expression of ERSRGs in a real-world cohort. RESULTS We identified 106 ERSRGs associated with LUAD, which allowed us to classify LUAD patients into two subtypes based on gene expression differences. Using six prognostic genes (NUPR1, RHBDD2, VCP, BAK1, EIF2AK3, MBTPS2), we constructed a prognostic model that exhibited excellent predictive performance in the training dataset and was successfully validated in two independent external datasets. The risk score derived from this model emerged as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Confirmation of the linkage between this risk model and immune infiltration was affirmed through the utilization of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The q-PCR results verified significant differences in the expression of prognostic genes between cancer and paracancer tissues. Notably, the protein expression of NUPR1, as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), exhibited an opposite pattern compared to the mRNA expression patterns. CONCLUSION This study establishes a novel prognostic model for LUAD based on six ER stress-related genes, facilitating the prediction of LUAD prognosis. Additionally, NUPR1 was identified as a potential regulator of stress in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Pan
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Ritu, Chandra P, Das A. Immune checkpoint targeting antibodies hold promise for combinatorial cancer therapeutics. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4297-4322. [PMID: 37804358 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Through improving the immune system's ability to recognize and combat tumor cells as well as its receptivity to changes in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy has emerged as a highly successful addition to the treatment of cancer. However, tumor heterogeneity poses a significant challenge in cancer therapy as it can undermine the anti-tumor immune response through the manipulation of the extracellular matrix. To address these challenges and improve targeted therapies and combination treatments, the food and drug administration has approved several immunomodulatory antibodies to suppress immunological checkpoints. Combinatorial therapies necessitate the identification of multiple targets that regulate the intricate communication between immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cellular responses within the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ongoing clinical trials involving immunomodulatory antibodies in various cancer types. It explores the potential of these antibodies to modulate the immune system and enhance anti-tumor responses. Additionally, it discusses the perspectives and prospects of immunomodulatory therapeutics in cancer treatment. Although immunotherapy shows great promise in cancer treatment, it is not exempt from side effects that can arise due to hyperactivity of the immune system. Therefore, understanding the intricate balance between immune activation and regulation is crucial for minimizing these adverse effects and optimizing treatment outcomes. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding immunomodulatory antibodies and their potential as effective therapeutic options in cancer treatment, ultimately paving the way for improved patient outcomes and deepening our perception of the intricate interactivity between the immune system and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, India.
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Li R, Chai L, Lei L, Guo R, Wen X. CDKL3 Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Suppressing Autophagy Via Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1421-1431. [PMID: 36630073 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 3 (CDKL3) in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as the underlying mechanisms. Western blot and qRT-PCR were utilized to analyze CDKL3 expression in 30 pairs of NSCLC and paraneoplastic tissues. A549 cells with CDKL3 knockdown and PC9 cells with CDKL3 overexpression were constructed by infecting cells with lentiviruses expressing shRNA of CDKL3 and expressing a full-length CDKL3 mRNA, respectively. The CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were carried out to detect cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. Autophagosome morphology was observed by electron microscopy experiments, the expression of key components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was examined via Western blot and their mRNA expression levels were determined. Besides, the stably infected NSCLC cells with reduced expression or overexpression of CDKL3 were inoculated into the right-back flank of mice to generate tumors. The results showed that CDKL3 expression was dramatically increased in NSCLC tissues. Moreover, CDKL3 promoted the viability and migration of NSCLC cells by suppressing autophagy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CDKL3 might modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in NSCLC. Overall, CDKL3 might promote NSCLC cell viability and metastasis by inhibiting autophagy and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Linyan Chai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiulin Wen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China.
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Liu X, Song J, Liu H, Sun Z, Ren H, Luo J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Could Predict the Prognosis of Cervical Cancer and Regulate the Occurrence of Radiation Mucositis. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231173199. [PMID: 37197387 PMCID: PMC10184221 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231173199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important cellular organelle, and ER dysfunction has an important impact on a variety of biological processes. In this study, we explored the role of ER stress in cervical cancer by establishing a prognostic model related to ER stress. This study included 309 samples from the TCGA database and 15 pairs of RNA sequencing data before and after radiotherapy. ER stress characteristics were obtained by the LASSO regression model. The prognostic value of risk characteristics was analyzed by Cox regression, Kaplan‒Meier, and ROC curves. The effects of radiation and radiation mucositis on ER stress were evaluated. We found that ER stress-related genes were differentially expressed in cervical cancer and could predict its prognosis. The LASSO regression model suggested that risk genes had a strong ability to predict prognosis. In addition, the regression suggests that the low-risk group may benefit from immunotherapy. Cox regression analysis showed that FOXRED2 and N staging could be independent factors affecting prognosis. ERN1 was significantly affected by radiation and may be related to the occurrence of radiation mucositis. In conclusion, ER stress activation might have a high value in the treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer and has good clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Kuang Y, Pierce CM, Chang HC, Sosinsky AZ, Deitz AC, Keller SM, Samkari A, Uyei J. Chemoradiation-induced pneumonitis in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2022; 174:174-185. [PMID: 35717343 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade pneumonitis is a severe and potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to summarize and quantify the incidence of severe (grade 3-5) cCRT-induced pneumonitis in unresectable stage III NSCLC patients. METHODS A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Published literature was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and non-randomized trials from 2014 to April 2020. The primary outcome of interest was incidence of grade 3-5 pneumonitis. RESULTS Included were 17 studies for the review and 11 for the meta-analysis (1,788 participants); all studies examined radiation-related pneumonitis (RP). The pooled incidence of cCRT-induced grade 3-5 RP in unresectable stage III NSCLC patients was estimated to be 3.62% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65-6.21] in RCTs, 5.98% [95% CI: 2.26-12.91] in observational studies, and 7.85% [95% CI: 4.08-13.10] in observational studies using platinum-based doublet chemotherapies. CONCLUSION These results suggest the incidence of severe and fatal RP in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC treated with cCRT ranges from 3.62% to 7.85%, with incidence varying by study design and chemotherapy regimen. Estimates of RP incidence were higher in the real-world setting compared to RCTs. These results can be used to contextualize the baseline risk of cCRT-induced pneumonitis in unresectable stage III NSCLC to better understand the adverse event of pneumonitis associated with novel immunotherapy treatments indicated for concomitant use with this modality.
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Giammona G, Drago SE, Calabrese G, Varvarà P, Rizzo MG, Mauro N, Nicotra G, Conoci S, Pitarresi G. Galactosylated Polymer/Gold Nanorods Nanocomposites for Sustained and Pulsed Chemo-Photothermal Treatments of Hepatocarcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112503. [PMID: 36432694 PMCID: PMC9696514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a rational design of a hybrid nanosystem capable of locally delivering a high amount of hydrophobic anticancer drugs (sorafenib or lenvatinib) and heat (hyperthermia) in a remote-controlled manner. We combined in a unique nanosystem the excellent NIR photothermal conversion of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with the ability of a specially designed galactosylated amphiphilic graft copolymer (PHEA-g-BIB-pButMA-g-PEG-GAL) able to recognize hepatic cells overexpressing the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on their membranes, thus giving rise to a smart composite nanosystem for the NIR-triggered chemo-phototherapy of hepatocarcinoma. In order to allow the internalization of AuNRs in the hydrophobic core of polymeric nanoparticles, AuNRs were coated with a thiolated fatty acid (12-mercaptododecanoic acid). The drug-loaded hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method, obtaining nanoparticles of about 200 nm and drug loadings of 9.0 and 5.4% w/w for sorafenib and lenvatinib, respectively. These multifunctional nanosystems have shown to convert NIR radiation into heat and release charged drugs in a remote-controlled manner. Then, the biocompatibility and synergistic effects of a chemo-phototherapy combination, as well the receptor-mediated internalization, were evaluated by an in vitro test on HepG2, HuH7, and NHDF. The results indicate that the proposed nanoparticles can be considered to be virtuous candidates for an efficient and selective dual-mode therapy of hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Emanuele Drago
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Varvarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicotra
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) 95121 Catania, Italy
- Department of Chemistry ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pitarresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-23891954
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Identification of CD73 as a Novel Biomarker Encompassing the Tumor Microenvironment, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Responses in Various Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225663. [PMID: 36428755 PMCID: PMC9688912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD73 is essential in promoting tumor growth by prohibiting anti-tumor immunity in many cancer types. While the mechanism remains largely unknown, our paper comprehensively confirmed the onco-immunological characteristics of CD73 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pan-cancer. This paper explored the expression pattern, mutational profile, prognostic value, tumor immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy of CD73 in a continuous cohort of cancers through various computational tools. The co-expression of CD73 on cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME was also detected. Especially, we examined the correlation between CD73 and CD8+ (a marker of T cell), CD68+ (a marker of macrophage), and CD163+ (a marker of M2 macrophage) cells using multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays. CD73 expression is significantly associated with a patient's prognosis and could be a promising predictor of these cancers. High CD73 levels are strongly linked to immune infiltrations, neoantigens, and immune checkpoint expression in the TME. In particular, enrichment signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that CD73 was obviously related to activation pathways of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Meanwhile, single-cell sequencing algorithms found that CD73 is predominantly co-expressed on cancer cells, CAFs, M2 macrophages, and T cells in several cancers. In addition, we explored the cellular communication among 14 cell types in glioblastoma (GBM) based on CD73 expression. Based on the expression of CD73 as well as macrophage and T cell markers, we predicted the methylation and enrichment pathways of these markers in pan-cancer. Furthermore, a lot of therapeutic molecules sensitive to these markers were predicted. Finally, potential anticancer inhibitors, immunotherapies, and gene therapy responses targeting CD73 were identified from a series of immunotherapy cohorts. CD73 is closely linked to clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in many cancers. Targeting CD73-dependent signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic strategy for future tumor immunotherapy.
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Ma JC, Zhang JX, Wang F, Yu J, Chen D. The Effect of immunotherapy on oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients by sites of metastasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039157. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe efficacy of immunotherapy for treatment of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at different metastatic sites remains controversial. We investigated the effect of different metastatic sites on immunotherapy for oligometastatic NSCLC following local treatment (LT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with oligometastatic NSCLC from the latest 2018 registry on the SEER Stat software (8.3.9. Version) and a Chinese single-center cohort. The effects of immunotherapy on OS (overall survival) and CSS (cancer specific survival) were estimated for patients with different metastatic sites.ResultsA total of 483 patients in the SEER-18 database and 344 patients in the single-center cohort were included. Immunotherapy was significantly correlated with improved OS (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.754, 95% CI 0.609–0.932; P=0.044; China: Hazard ratio 0.697, 95% CI 0.542–0.896; P=0.005) and CSS (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.743, 95% CI 0.596–0.928; P=0.009; China: Hazard ratio 0.725, 95% CI 0.556–0.945; P=0.018). Subgroup analysis showed that OS was improved after immunotherapy in the BRM (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.565, 95% CI 0.385–0.829; P=0.004; China: Hazard ratio 0.536, 95% CI 0.312–0.920; P=0.024) and MOM (SEER: Hazard ratio 0.524, 95% CI 0.290–0.947; P=0.032; China: Hazard ratio 0.469, 95% CI 0.235–0.937; P=0.032) subgroups, but not in the BOM (SEER: P=0.334; China: P=0.441), LIM (SEER: P=0.301; China: P=0.357), or OTM (SEER: P=0.868; China: P=0.489) subgroups.ConclusionsThis study showed that immunotherapy conferred survival benefits on patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. Our subgroup analysis suggested that patients with oligometastatic NSCLC in the brain or multiple organs may particularly benefit from aggressive front-line therapies.
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15
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van der Woude LL, Gorris MAJ, Wortel IMN, Creemers JHA, Verrijp K, Monkhorst K, Grünberg K, van den Heuvel MM, Textor J, Figdor CG, Piet B, Theelen WSME, de Vries IJM. Tumor microenvironment shows an immunological abscopal effect in patients with NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab-radiotherapy combination. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005248. [PMID: 36252995 PMCID: PMC9577911 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy is currently part of the standard of care for patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients do not respond to this treatment, therefore combination strategies are being explored to increase clinical benefit. The PEMBRO-RT trial combined the therapeutic programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to increase the overall response rate and study the effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods Here, immune infiltrates in the TME of patients included in the PEMBRO-RT trial were investigated. Tumor biopsies of patients treated with pembrolizumab alone or combined with SBRT (a biopsy of the non-irradiated site) at baseline and during treatment were stained with multiplex immunofluorescence for CD3, CD8, CD20, CD103 and FoxP3 for lymphocytes, pan-cytokeratin for tumors, and HLA-ABC expression was determined. Results The total number of lymphocytes increased significantly after 6 weeks of treatment in the anti-PD-1 group (fold change: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.29) and the anti-PD-1+SBRT group (fold change: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.46 to 3.60). The combination of SBRT and anti-PD-1 induced a 4.87-fold increase (95% CI: 2.45 to 9.68) in CD103+ cytotoxic T-cells 6 weeks on treatment and a 2.56-fold increase (95% CI: 1.03 to 6.36) after anti-PD-1 therapy alone. Responders had a significantly higher number of lymphocytes at baseline than non-responders (fold difference 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04 to 3.29 for anti-PD-1 and fold change 1.93, 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.44 for anti-PD-1+SBRT). Conclusion This explorative study shows that that lymphocyte infiltration in general, instead of the infiltration of a specific lymphocyte subset, is associated with response to therapy in patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, anti-PD-1+SBRT combination therapy induces an immunological abscopal effect in the TME represented by a superior infiltration of cytotoxic T cells as compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke L van der Woude
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A J Gorris
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M N Wortel
- Data Science, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kiek Verrijp
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Data Science, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Berber Piet
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wen Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Yang X, Gao Y, Li M, Yang H, Liu T, Tang H. Chronic inflammation, cancer development and immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040163. [PMID: 36313280 PMCID: PMC9614255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in cancer development. Cancer cells interact with adjacent cellular components (pro-inflammatory cells, intrinsic immune cells, stromal cells, etc.) and non-cellular components to form the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), immune checkpoint factors and other pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by intrinsic immune cells in TME are the main mediators of intercellular communication in TME, which link chronic inflammation to cancer by stimulating different oncogenic signaling pathways and improving immune escape to promote cancer development. In parallel, the ability of monocytes, T regulatory cells (Tregs) and B regulatory cells (Bregs) to perform homeostatic tolerogenic functions is hijacked by cancer cells, leading to local or systemic immunosuppression. Standard treatments for advanced malignancies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved in the last decades. However, clinical outcomes of certain malignant cancers are not satisfactory due to drug resistance and side effects. The clinical application of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has brought hope to cancer treatment, although therapeutic efficacy are still limited due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Emerging evidences reveal that ideal therapies including clearance of tumor cells, disruption of tumor-induced immunosuppression by targeting suppressive TME as well as reactivation of anti-tumor T cells by ICT. Here, we review the impacts of the major pro-inflammatory cells, mediators and their downstream signaling molecules in TME on cancer development. We also discuss the application of targeting important components in the TME in the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wen
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caishi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongyan Yang, ; Tongzheng Liu, ; Hui Tang,
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongyan Yang, ; Tongzheng Liu, ; Hui Tang,
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People’s Hospital), Heyuan, China,*Correspondence: Hongyan Yang, ; Tongzheng Liu, ; Hui Tang,
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Awada A, Ahmad S, McKenzie ND, Holloway RW. Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Current Perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:853-866. [PMID: 35982728 PMCID: PMC9379118 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s335936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. The gold standard therapeutic approach is a combination of surgery plus chemotherapy. Unfortunately, 80% of patients with EOC suffer recurrence within 2-years and the overall response rate for platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer to cytotoxic chemotherapy or poly-(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is modest. New therapies are needed to improve overall survival. The role of immunotherapy has been established in endometrial and cervical cancers, however its effective use in EOC has been limited due to the intrinsic genomics and micro-immune environment associated with EOC. Studies evaluating immunotherapy, largely immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), have shown limited activity, yet some patients benefit greatly. Thus, significant efforts must be devoted to finding new strategies for the use of immunotherapy/immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Immunotherapy has a well-tolerated safety profile; however, cost-effectiveness can be an obstacle. The aim of this article is to review the most recent research into the use of IMiDs in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Awada
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Nathalie D McKenzie
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Robert W Holloway
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Gynecologic Oncology Program, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
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Significance of TP53 Mutational Status-Associated Signature in the Progression and Prognosis of Endometrial Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1817339. [PMID: 35847579 PMCID: PMC9280614 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1817339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background. TP53 mutations are associated with poor outcome for patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, to date, there have been no studies focused on the construction of TP53 mutational status-associated signature in EC. In this study, we aim to conduct a TP53 mutation-associated prognostic gene signature for EC. Methods. Hence, we explored the mutational landscape of TP53 in patients with EC based on the simple nucleotide variation data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)–Cox analysis was used to establish TP53 mutation-associated prognostic gene signature. The overall survival rate between the high-risk and low-risk groups was compared by the Kaplan–Meier (K-M) method. Results. We found that the TP53 mutation was associated with poor outcome, older age, lower BMI, and higher grade and stage of EC in patients. A TP53 mutational status-associated signature was established based on transcriptome profiling data. Moreover, the patients in TCGA database were categorized into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis indicated that the patients in the high-risk group have poor survival outcome. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed the robust prognostic prediction efficiency of the TP53 mutational status-associated signature. Finally, the prognostic ability was successfully verified in the other two datasets from cBioPortal database as well as in 60 clinical specimens. Univariate (hazard ratio
,
,
) and multivariate (hazard ratio
,
,
) Cox regression analyses indicated that the TP53 mutational status-associated signature could be used as an independent prognostic factor for EC patients. Conclusion. In summary, our research constructed a powerful TP53 mutational status-associated signature that could be a potential novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for EC.
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Osimertinib Improves the Immune Microenvironment of Lung Cancer by Downregulating PD-L1 Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Bevacizumab. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1531353. [PMID: 35783156 PMCID: PMC9246595 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1531353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of osimertinib combined with bevacizumab on lung cancer through cell and transplanted tumor animal experiments and to provide theoretical basis for further clinical trials. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 in tumor vessels of nonmetastatic lung adenocarcinoma and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. At the same time, the expression of CD8 and FoxP3 in tumor tissue was detected. qRT-PCR was used to detect the effect of osimertinib on PD-L1 expression in HUVECs. The expression levels of p-Akt and p-ERK in HUVECs treated with osimertinib were analyzed by Western blot. AKT was blocked by AKT specific inhibitor Ly294002 to analyze the expression of PD-L1 in HUVECs. An animal model of transplanted tumor was constructed to analyze whether osimertinib could enhance the antitumor effect of bevacizumab. Results PD-L1 was highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells of metastatic lung cancer. FoxP3 was highly expressed in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, while CD8 expression was low. Osimertinib inhibits PD-L1 expression in endothelial cells. Mechanism studies have shown that osimertinib inhibits PD-L1 expression in endothelial cells through the AKT/ERK pathway. Osimertinib inhibited endothelial cell PD-L1 expression, increased CD8+T cell infiltration, inhibited tumor growth, and enhanced the tumor effect of bevacizumab. Conclusion Osimertinib can significantly increase the killing ability of bevacizumab against tumor. Osimertinib can improve the tumor microenvironment and enhance the antitumor effect of bevacizumab by reducing the expression of PD-L1 in tumor blood vessels.
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Popescu A, Pantea S, Radu D, Gluhovschi A, Dumitru C, Dahma G, Mocanu AG, Neamtu R, Dema S, Tigmeanu CV, Grigoras ML, Pescariu SA, Aabed H, Craina M. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Advanced Cervical Cancer at a Romanian Academic Center: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061488. [PMID: 35741299 PMCID: PMC9222190 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems worldwide adapted to support COVID-19 patients while continuing to provide assistance to patients with other potentially fatal illnesses. While patients with cancer may be at an elevated risk of severe COVID-19-related complications, their oncologic therapies generally cannot be postponed indefinitely without a negative effect on outcomes. Taking this into account, a thorough examination of the therapy management of various cancers is necessary, such as cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to develop a retrospective cohort study to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of cancer care services for women diagnosed with cervical cancer staged IB2-IVA, necessitating chemo- and radiotherapy in Romania, as well as determine the difference in cervical cancer staging between the pandemic and pre-pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Using a multicentric hospital database, we designed a retrospective study to compare the last 24 months of the pre-pandemic period to the first 24 months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to evaluate the variation in the proportion of women diagnosed with cervical cancer and the percentage of inoperable cases requiring chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as to detail their clinical presentation and other findings. Results: We observed that the likelihood of cervical cancer patients requiring radiation therapy at a later stage than before the pandemic increased by about 20% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients at an advanced FIGO stage of cervical cancer had a 3.39 higher likelihood of disease progression after radiotherapy (CI [2.06−4.21], p-value < 0.001), followed by tumor size at diagnosis with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.12 (CI [2.24−4.00], p-value < 0.001). The factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, postponed treatment and missed appointments, were also identified as significant risk factors for cervical cancer progression (HR = 2.51 and HR = 2.24, respectively). Conclusions We predict that there will be a considerable rise in cervical cancer cases over the next several years based on existing data and that expanding screening and treatment capacity will attenuate this with a minimal increase in morbidity and fatality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Popescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Stelian Pantea
- Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Radu
- Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Adrian Gluhovschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Catalin Dumitru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
| | - George Dahma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Adelina Geanina Mocanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Radu Neamtu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Sorin Dema
- Discipline of Radiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirela Loredana Grigoras
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Silvius Alexandru Pescariu
- Department VI, Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Hazzaa Aabed
- Department of Plastic Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Craina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.G.); (C.D.); (G.D.); (A.G.M.); (R.N.); (M.C.)
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21
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Lee HY, Kim SH, Lee HY, Lee Y, Han JY, Cho H, Lee H. Successful treatment of induced oligometastasis and repeated oligoprogression of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1998-2000. [PMID: 35599247 PMCID: PMC9250834 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active and durable systemic therapies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy can convert widespread metastatic disease into oligometastatic status, for which metastasis‐directed local intervention can control and potentially prolong survival. Radiation therapy is an effective therapeutic option for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease. Here, we present a case of induced oligometastasis and repeated oligoprogressive lung cancer in which more than 6 years of survival was achieved with a combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Han
- Department of Radiology Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Heunglae Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea
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22
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Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092629. [PMID: 35566754 PMCID: PMC9099888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 80–85% of all lung cancers and at present represents the main cause of cancer death among both men and women. To date, surgery represents the cornerstone; nevertheless, around 40% of completely resected patients develop disease recurrence. Therefore, combining neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy and surgery might lead to improved survival. Immunotherapy is normally well tolerated, although significant adverse reactions have been reported in certain patients treated with inhibitors of immune checkpoints. In this review, we explore the current literature on the use of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy followed by surgery for treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, with particular attention to the histological aspects, ongoing trials, and the most common surgical approaches. In conclusion, neoadjuvant immunotherapy whether combined or not with chemotherapy reveals a promising survival benefit for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer; nevertheless, more data remain necessary to identify the best candidates for neoadjuvant regimens.
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23
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Singh V, Khan N, Jayandharan GR. Vector engineering, strategies and targets in cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:402-417. [PMID: 33859378 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of disease and the design of rationally designed molecular therapies has been the holy grail in the management of human cancers. Gene-based therapies are an important avenue for achieving a possible cure. Focused research in the last three decades has provided significant clues to optimize the potential of cancer gene therapy. The development of gene therapies with a high potential to kill the target cells at the lowest effective dose possible, the development of vectors with significant ability to target cancer-associated antigen, the application of adjunct therapies to target dysregulated microRNA, and embracing a hybrid strategy with a combination of gene therapy and low-dose chemotherapy in a disease-specific manner will be pivotal. This article outlines the advances and challenges in the field with emphasis on the biology and scope of vectors used for gene transfer, newer targets identified, and their outcome in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayata Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Nusrat Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India. .,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India.
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24
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Kapeleris J, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Kulasinghe A, Vela I, Kenny L, Ladwa R, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumour Cells and Circulating Tumour DNA in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-An Update. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859152. [PMID: 35372000 PMCID: PMC8965052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to improve earlier diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most patients present with advanced stage disease, which is often associated with poor survival outcomes with only 15% surviving for 5 years from their diagnosis. Tumour tissue biopsy is the current mainstream for cancer diagnosis and prognosis in many parts of the world. However, due to tumour heterogeneity and accessibility issues, liquid biopsy is emerging as a game changer for both cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Liquid biopsy is the analysis of tumour-derived biomarkers in body fluids, which has remarkable advantages over the use of traditional tumour biopsy. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) are two main derivatives of liquid biopsy. CTC enumeration and molecular analysis enable monitoring of cancer progression, recurrence, and treatment response earlier than traditional biopsy through a minimally invasive liquid biopsy approach. CTC-derived ex-vivo cultures are essential to understanding CTC biology and their role in metastasis, provide a means for personalized drug testing, and guide treatment selection. Just like CTCs, ctDNA provides opportunity for screening, monitoring, treatment evaluation, and disease surveillance. We present an updated review highlighting the prognostic and therapeutic significance of CTCs and ctDNA in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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25
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Rocco D, Della Gravara L, Franzese N, Maione P, Gridelli C. Chemotherapy plus single/double immunotherapy in the treatment of non-oncogene addicted advanced non-small cell lung cancer: where do we stand and where are we going? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:183-189. [PMID: 34989305 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2026772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Chemo-immunotherapy combinations have revolutionized our treatment algorithm with respect to naïve advanced NSCLC, however, given the great number of developed and approved combinations, the question arises as to which combinations provide the best efficacy and safety. AREAS COVERED : This review assesses and discusses the available data concerning chemo-immunotherapy combinations in the treatment of naïve advanced NSCLC, as well as presenting the most promising data involving combinations currently under investigation. EXPERT OPINION : Pembrolizumab-containing chemo-immunotherapy combinations are associated with the most mature data available and presently represent the standard treatment in clinical practice in naïve advanced NSCLC-affected patients. The nivolumab plus ipilimumab plus short-course chemotherapy combination, more recently approved by regulatory agencies, is an appealing alternative thanks to the reduced rate of grade 3-5 TRAEs and the limited chemotherapy administration. The new chemo-immunotherapy combinations currently under investigation will help us to better identify both the best immune checkpoints to target and the most effective combinations to administer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Franzese
- Department of Pneumology, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Maione
- Division of Medical Oncology, "S.G. Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, "S.G. Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
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26
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Fedorova LV, Lepik KV, Volkov NP, Kotselyabina PV, Borzenkova ES, Popova MO, Beynarovich AV, Baykov VV, Kozlov AV, Moiseev IS, Mikhailova NB, Kulagin AD. Efficacy and safety of nivolumab combined with brentuximab vedotin after nivolumab monotherapy failure in patients with relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 27:626-632. [PMID: 34826011 PMCID: PMC8619646 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Therapy of patients with relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL) after PD-1 inhibitors failure remains an unresolved issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of nivolumab with brentuximab vedotin (Nivo + BV) after nivolumab monotherapy failure. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with r/r cHL who were treated with the combination of Nivo + BV after Nivo failure. The response was evaluated by PET–CT scan according to the LYRIC criteria. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed according to NCI CTCAE v.4.03. Results Median follow-up was 19 (9–47) months. The ORR was 57%. The median OS was not reached, 24 month OS was 80% (95% CI 50–93%). Median PFS was 12 months with 24 month PFS of 31% (95% CI 12–53%). Any grade AEs were observed in 12 patients (63%), 3–4 grade AEs in 2 patients (10%). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after Nivo + BV was performed in 8 (38%) patients. The median time between Nivo + BV and allo-HSCT was 8 (5–21) months. Conclusions Combination of Nivo + BV in r/r cHL after nivolumab monotherapy failure is potentially an effective and safe approach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10147-021-02085-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V Fedorova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Kirill V Lepik
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita P Volkov
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina V Kotselyabina
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgenia S Borzenkova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina O Popova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Beynarovich
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim V Baykov
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S Moiseev
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia B Mikhailova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander D Kulagin
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
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27
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Applications of Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111491. [PMID: 34768922 PMCID: PMC8583720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has continuously evolved throughout the years since its first proposal to develop more specific and effective transfection, capable of treating a myriad of health conditions. Viral vectors are some of the most common and most efficient vehicles for gene transfer. However, the safe and effective delivery of gene therapy remains a major obstacle. Ultrasound contrast agents in the form of microbubbles have provided a unique solution to fulfill the need to shield the vectors from the host immune system and the need for site specific targeted therapy. Since the discovery of the biophysical and biological effects of microbubble sonification, multiple developments have been made to enhance its applicability in targeted drug delivery. The concurrent development of viral vectors and recent research on dual vector strategies have shown promising results. This review will explore the mechanisms and recent advancements in the knowledge of ultrasound-mediated microbubbles in targeting gene and drug therapy.
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28
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Newport EL, Pedrosa AR, Njegic A, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Muñoz-Félix JM. Improved Immunotherapy Efficacy by Vascular Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5207. [PMID: 34680355 PMCID: PMC8533721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to modulate the tumour vasculature for cancer therapy including anti-angiogenesis and vascular normalisation. Vasculature modulation results in changes to the tumour microenvironment including oxygenation and immune cell infiltration, therefore lending itself to combination with cancer therapy. The development of immunotherapies has led to significant improvements in cancer treatment. Particularly promising are immune checkpoint blockade and CAR T cell therapies, which use antibodies against negative regulators of T cell activation and T cells reprogrammed to better target tumour antigens, respectively. However, while immunotherapy is successful in some patients, including those with advanced or metastatic cancers, only a subset of patients respond. Therefore, better predictors of patient response and methods to overcome resistance warrant investigation. Poor, or periphery-limited, T cell infiltration in the tumour is associated with poor responses to immunotherapy. Given that (1) lymphocyte recruitment requires leucocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and (2) the vasculature controls tumour oxygenation and plays a pivotal role in T cell infiltration and activation, vessel targeting strategies including anti-angiogenesis and vascular normalisation in combination with immunotherapy are providing possible new strategies to enhance therapy. Here, we review the progress of vessel modulation in enhancing immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Newport
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - Ana Rita Pedrosa
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - Alexandra Njegic
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
| | - José M. Muñoz-Félix
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.L.N.); (A.R.P.); (A.N.); (K.M.H.-D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca Spain, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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29
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Gao H, Wu Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu T, Hu B, Jia B, Wan Y, Liu Z, Wang F. Nuclear imaging-guided PD-L1 blockade therapy increases effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001156. [PMID: 33203663 PMCID: PMC7674096 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Strategies to improve the responsiveness of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade therapy remain an essential topic in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a new radiolabeled nanobody-based imaging probe 99mTc-MY1523 targeting PD-L1 for the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy by the guidance of 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT imaging. Methods The binding affinity and specificity of nanobody MY1523 were measured in vitro. MY1523 was radiolabeled with 99mTc by a site-specific transpeptidation of Sortase-A, and the biodistribution and single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT were performed in mice bearing different tumors. We used interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as an intervention means to establish animal models with different levels of PD-L1 expression, then investigated the ability of 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT for the in vivo non-invasive measurement of PD-L1 expression in tumors. Finally, the PD-L1 blockade immunotherapies guided by 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT were carried out in MC-38, A20, and 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse models, followed by the testing of tumor infiltration T cells. Results MY1523 exhibited a high binding affinity and specificity to PD-L1 and had no competitive binding with the therapeutic antibody. 99mTc-MY1523 was prepared with high specific activity and radiochemical purity. It was found that tumor PD-L1 expression was dynamically upregulated by IFN-γ intervention in MC-38, A20, and 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse models, as indicated by 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT. The PD-L1 blockade therapy initiated during the therapeutic time window determined by 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT imaging significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy in all animal models, while the tumor growth was effectively suppressed, and the survival time of mice was evidently prolonged. A correlation between dynamically upregulated PD-L1 expression and improved PD-L1 blockade therapy effectiveness was revealed, and the markedly increased infiltration of effector T cells into tumors was verified after the imaging-guided therapy. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that 99mTc-MY1523 SPECT/CT allowed a real-time, quantitative and dynamic mapping of PD-L1 expression in vivo, and the imaging-guided PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy. This strategy merits translation into clinical practice for the better management of combination therapies with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannan Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China .,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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30
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Li JX, Li RZ, Sun A, Zhou H, Neher E, Yang JS, Huang JM, Zhang YZ, Jiang ZB, Liang TL, Ma LR, Wang J, Wang XR, Fan XQ, Huang J, Xie Y, Liu L, Tang L, Leung ELH, Yan PY. Metabolomics and integrated network pharmacology analysis reveal Tricin as the active anti-cancer component of Weijing decoction by suppression of PRKCA and sphingolipid signaling. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105574. [PMID: 34419228 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, conventional methods of treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have many disadvantages. An alternative effective therapy with minimal adverse reactions is urgently needed. Weijing decoction (WJD), which is a classic ancient Chinese herbal prescription, has been used successfully to treat pulmonary system diseases containing lung cancer in the clinic. However, the key active component and target of Weijing decoction are still unexplored. Therefore, for the first time, our study aims to investigate the pharmacological treatment mechanism of Weijing decoction in treating NSCLC via an integrated model of network pharmacology, metabolomics and biological methods. Network pharmacology results conjectured that Tricin is a main bioactive component in this formula which targets PRKCA to suppress cancer cell growth. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is regulated by sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine kinase 2, is a differential metabolite in plasma between the WJD-treated group and the control group, participating in the sphingolipid signaling. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Tricin had vital effects on the proliferation, pro-apoptosis, migration and colony formation of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Through a series of validation assays, Tricin inhibited the tumor growth mainly by suppressing PRKCA/SPHK/S1P signaling and antiapoptotic signaling. On the other hand, Weijing formula could inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the survival time. A high dosage of Tricin was much more potent in animal experiments. In conclusion, we confirmed that Weijing formula and its primary active compound Tricin are promising alternative treatments for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Run-Ze Li
- Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China; Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ao Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Erwin Neher
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jia-Shun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ju-Min Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ze-Bo Jiang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tu-Liang Liang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lin-Rui Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xuan-Run Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Fan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ling Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China; Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Wang P, Wang JW, Zhang WH, Bai H, Tang G, Young DJ. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Nanoformulated Mono- and Di-nuclear Pt Compounds. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2993-3000. [PMID: 34387027 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoformulations of mononuclear Pt complexes cis-PtCl2 (PPh3 )2 (1), [Pt(PPh3 )2 (L-Cys)] ⋅ H2 O (3, L-Cys=L-cysteinate), trans-PtCl2 (PPh2 PhNMe2 )2 (4; PPh2 PhNMe2 =4-(dimethylamine)triphenylphosphine), trans-PtI2 (PPh2 PhNMe2 )2 (5) and dinuclear Pt cluster Pt2 (μ-S)2 (PPh3 )4 (2) have comparable cytotoxicity to cisplatin against murine melanoma cell line B16F10. Masking of these discrete molecular entities within the hydrophobic core of Pluronic® F-127 significantly boosted their solubility and stability, ensuring efficient cellular uptake, giving in vitro IC50 values in the range of 0.87-11.23 μM. These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of Pt complexes featuring stable Pt-P bonds in nanocomposite formulations with biocompatible amphiphilic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhen Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Guping Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - David J Young
- College of Engineering Information Technology & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
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Cisplatin remodels the tumor immune microenvironment via the transcription factor EB in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:136. [PMID: 34091590 PMCID: PMC8179924 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of ovarian cancer (OC) remains the highest among all gynecological malignancies. Platinum-based chemotherapies are effective in treating most OC cases. However, chemoresistance is still a major challenge for successful OC treatments. Emerging evidence has highlighted that the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment is involved in chemoresistance, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether resistance to cisplatin (CDDP), the standard treatment for OC, is due to the remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment by the transcription factor EB (TFEB). We hypothesized that TFEB is not essential for tumor survival but is associated with CDDP resistance. We collected 20 tissue samples of OC patients who had not undergone chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to surgery. We cultured OC cell lines and performed cell transfection and assays as well as analytical, fluorescence microscopy, and immunohistochemical techniques to explore a novel function of TFEB in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment in OC. We found a positive correlation between TFEB and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, and HLA-A expression in OC cells and tissues. We also found that CDDP treatment induced TFEB nuclear translocation, thus increasing PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression to foster an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which mediates tumor immune evasion and drug resistance. Interestingly, TFEB also regulated HLA-A expression, which increases the tumor immunogenicity of OC. Finally, in a syngenic murine model of OC, we observed the therapeutic benefit of CDDP plus programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, which enhanced the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells and inhibited tumor growth. Our study illustrates the important role of TFEB in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment in OC.
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Lung Cancer Radiotherapy: Simulation and Analysis Based on a Multicomponent Mathematical Model. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6640051. [PMID: 34012477 PMCID: PMC8105103 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer has been one of the most deadly illnesses all over the world, and radiotherapy can be an effective approach for treating lung cancer. Now, mathematical model has been extended to many biomedical fields to give a hand for analysis, evaluation, prediction, and optimization. Methods In this paper, we propose a multicomponent mathematical model for simulating the lung cancer growth as well as radiotherapy treatment for lung cancer. The model is digitalized and coded for computer simulation, and the model parameters are fitted with many research and clinical data to provide accordant results along with the growth of lung cancer cells in vitro. Results Some typical radiotherapy plans such as stereotactic body radiotherapy, conventional fractional radiotherapy, and accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy are simulated, analyzed, and discussed. The results show that our mathematical model can perform the basic work for analysis and evaluation of the radiotherapy plan. Conclusion It will be expected that in the near future, mathematical model will be a valuable tool for optimization in personalized medical treatment.
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Ai X, Cai Y, Chu Q, Han C, Lu Y, Qin S, Wu L, Xie C, Yuan Z, Zhong W, Zhu X, Chang JY, Zhu Z. [Combination of Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Peer Exchange on Frontier Academic Topics]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:532-540. [PMID: 32517461 PMCID: PMC7309548 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
肺癌是目前导致全球和中国癌症患者死亡的主要瘤种。多年来,常规的肿瘤治疗方法,如手术、化疗和放疗一直主导着非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)治疗领域。临床实践中引入免疫疗法使肺癌的治疗与其他实体瘤一样发生了根本性转变。最新临床前和临床数据表明,放疗可以通过诱导免疫原性细胞死亡和重新编程肿瘤微环境促进抗肿瘤免疫反应。研究者开始重新审视放疗作为免疫治疗的联合疗法,导致研究其潜在协同作用的临床试验数量呈指数级增长。放疗联合免疫治疗的临床试验引起了医疗界的广泛关注,会议邀请专家交流前沿及争议学术问题:①放疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗NSCLC最新进展;②放疗联合免疫治疗是否显著增加毒性;③免疫检查点抑制剂治疗后出现的混合反应及局部治疗的干预价值;④放疗联合免疫治疗脑转移瘤的机制和进展。
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinghao Ai
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengbo Han
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Songbing Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhong
- Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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Frąk M, Krawczyk P, Kalinka E, Milanowski J. Molecular and Clinical Premises for the Combination Therapy Consisting of Radiochemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1222. [PMID: 33799560 PMCID: PMC8000833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies around the world. Due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, most patients require systemic treatment. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors is becoming the main treatment method for many cancers, including NSCLC. Numerous studies have shown greater efficacy of immunotherapy used monoclonal antibodies anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab and durvalumab) compared to chemotherapy. Unfortunately, cancer cells can develop a number of mechanisms to escape from immune surveillance, including avoidance of cancer cells by the immune system (immune desert), production of immunosuppressive compounds (prostaglandins, IDO, TGF-beta), or direct immune checkpoints interactions. Therapy based on the use of radiochemotherapy with subsequent immunotherapy is becoming the main focus of research in the field of new NSCLC therapies. Radiation therapy stimulates the immune response multidirectionally, affects production of neoantigens and proinflammatory compounds, which transform non-immunogenic ("cold") tumors into highly immunogenic ("hot") tumors. As a result, the mechanisms of escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance break down and the effectiveness of immunotherapy increases significantly. The results of clinical trials in this area bring new hope and indicate greater effectiveness of such treatment in terms of prolongation of progression-free survival and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Frąk
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Ewa Kalinka
- Department of Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (J.M.)
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Ryan SL, Dave KA, Beard S, Gyimesi M, McTaggart M, Sahin KB, Molloy C, Gandhi NS, Boittier E, O'Leary CG, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Baird AM, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Adams MN. Identification of Proteins Deregulated by Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:615967. [PMID: 33777753 PMCID: PMC7991912 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for most people with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), either as adjuvant therapy in combination with a second cytotoxic agent or in combination with immunotherapy. Resistance to therapy, either in the form of primary refractory disease or evolutionary resistance, remains a significant issue in the treatment of NSCLC. Hence, predictive biomarkers and novel combinational strategies are required to improve the effectiveness and durability of treatment response 6for people with NSCLC. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers and/or druggable proteins from deregulated protein networks within non-oncogene driven disease that are involved in the cellular response to cisplatin. Following exposure of NSCLC cells to cisplatin, in vitro quantitative mass spectrometry was applied to identify altered protein response networks. A total of 65 proteins were significantly deregulated following cisplatin exposure. These proteins were assessed to determine if they are druggable targets using novel machine learning approaches and to identify whether these proteins might serve as prognosticators of platinum therapy. Our data demonstrate novel candidates and drug-like molecules warranting further investigation to improve response to platinum agents in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise Ryan
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Keyur A Dave
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sam Beard
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Gyimesi
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew McTaggart
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine B Sahin
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Molloy
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Boittier
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor G O'Leary
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek J Richard
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark N Adams
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Lee JB, Ahn BC, Kim SH, Lee YH, Han JW, Jeon MK, Kim SH, Kim HS. Prognostic implications of PD-L1 expression in patients with angiosarcoma. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO691. [PMID: 34046193 PMCID: PMC8147824 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: There are limited data on the feasibility of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic angiosarcoma. Patients & methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data on PD-L1 expression in 70 angiosarcoma patients who were diagnosed at our center between 2005 and 2019. Results: Thirteen (19%) patients had PD-L1 expression. Metastatic angiosarcoma patients who were PD-L1-negative (n = 24) showed longer median progression-free survival (4.9 vs 1.6 months; p = 0.04) and median overall survival (OS; 10.9 vs 5.4 months; p = 0.01) than those who were PD-L1-positive (n = 4). PD-L1 status proved to be a significant factor for OS. Conclusion: Metastatic angiosarcoma patients with PD-L1 expression showed shorter survival. PD-L1 status is an independent prognostic factor for OS in metastatic angiosarcoma patients. Angiosarcoma, a rare subtype of sarcoma, is highly aggressive and has poor prognosis. The majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced and metastatic stages, and treatment options for these subsets of patients are limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Validation of prognostic markers including PD-L1 expression remain to be fully carried out in metastatic angiosarcoma. In our study, we assessed the PD-L1 expression in metastatic angiosarcoma and its role as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jii Bum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beung-Chul Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Han
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hee Kim
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Song Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bourhis J, Stein A, Paul de Boer J, Van Den Eynde M, Gold KA, Stintzing S, Becker JC, Moran M, Schroeder A, Pennock G, Salmio S, Esser R, Ciardiello F. Avelumab and cetuximab as a therapeutic combination: An overview of scientific rationale and current clinical trials in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 97:102172. [PMID: 33989949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment outcomes have improved with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and small molecule inhibitors. However, many patients do not respond with single agents. Consequently, ongoing research is focused on the use of combination therapies to increase clinical efficacy by potential synergistic effects. Here, we outline ongoing trials and review the rationale and evidence for the combination of avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb), with cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) IgG1 mAb. Avelumab is approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, and in combination with axitinib for renal cell carcinoma; cetuximab is approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, and in combination with radiation therapy for SCCHN. Avelumab binds to PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells and immune regulatory cells, thus blocking its interaction with programmed death 1 and reventing T-cell suppression; cetuximab inhibits the EGFR signaling pathway, inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Both therapies have complementary mechanisms of action and may also activate the immune system to induce innate effector function through the binding of their Fc regions to natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, cetuximab combined with chemotherapy has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death and leads to an increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK cells, which should synergize with the immunostimulatory effects of avelumab. Prospective studies will investigate this combination and inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bourhis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service de Radio-oncologie, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Stein
- Hematology-Oncology Practice Hamburg (HOPE), University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Paul de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Van Den Eynde
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institut Roi Albert II, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathryn A Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gregory Pennock
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA(2)
| | | | | | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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HLA class I loss in colorectal cancer: implications for immune escape and immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:556-565. [PMID: 33473191 PMCID: PMC8027055 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated immune therapies have emerged as a promising treatment modality in different malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a fraction of patients currently respond to treatment. Understanding the lack of responses and finding biomarkers with predictive value is of great importance. There is evidence that CRC is a heterogeneous disease and several classification systems have been proposed that are based on genomic instability, immune cell infiltration, stromal content and molecular subtypes of gene expression. Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) plays a pivotal role in presenting processed antigens to T lymphocytes, including tumour antigens. These molecules are frequently lost in different types of cancers, including CRC, resulting in tumour immune escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes during the natural history of cancer development. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize the prevalence and molecular mechanisms behind HLA-I loss in CRC, (ii) discuss HLA-I expression/loss in the context of the newly identified CRC molecular subtypes, (iii) analyze the HLA-I phenotypes of CRC metastases disseminated via blood or the lymphatic system, (iv) discuss strategies to recover/circumvent HLA-I expression/loss and finally (v) review the role of HLA class II (HLA-II) in CRC prognosis.
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History of Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Time to Raise the Bar? A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050998. [PMID: 33673630 PMCID: PMC7957518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the most aggressive form of neuroendocrine tumor of the lung, for which treatment options remain limited. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has modified for the first time the therapeutic strategies in patients with extensive disease after decades. New therapeutic approaches are required. Deeper knowledge of tumor biology is required to gain new insights into this complex disease. Abstract Several trials have tried for decades to improve the outcome of extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) through attempts to modify the standard treatments. Nevertheless, platinum/etoposide combination and topotecan have remained respectively the first and the second line standard treatments for the last 40 years. With the advent of immunotherapy, this scenario has finally changed. Our review aims to provide an overview of the primary studies on the actual therapeutic strategies available for ED-SCLC patients, and to highlight emerging evidence supporting the use of immunotherapy in SCLC patients.
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Younis MA, Khalil IA, Elewa YHA, Kon Y, Harashima H. Ultra-small lipid nanoparticles encapsulating sorafenib and midkine-siRNA selectively-eradicate sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. J Control Release 2021; 331:335-349. [PMID: 33484779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with limited therapeutic choices. The stroma-rich tumor microenvironment hinders the in vivo delivery of most nanomedicines. Ultra-small lipid nanoparticles (usLNPs) were designed for the selective co-delivery of the cytotoxic drug, sorafenib (SOR), and siRNA against the Midkine gene (MK-siRNA) to HCC in mice. The usLNPs composed of a novel pH-sensitive lipid, a diversity of phospholipids and a highly-selective targeting peptide. A microfluidic device, iLiNP, was used and a variety of factors were controlled to tune particle size aiming at maximizing tumor penetration efficiency. Optimizing the composition and physico-chemical properties of the usLNPs resulted in an enhanced tumor accumulation, selectivity and in vivo gene silencing. The optimized usLNPs exerted potent gene silencing in the tumor (median effective dose, ED50~0.1 mg/Kg) with limited effect on the healthy liver. The novel combination synergistically-eradicated HCC in mice (~85%) at a surprisingly-low dose of SOR (2.5 mg/Kg) which could not be achieved via individual monotherapy. Toxicity studies revealed the biosafety of the usLNPs upon either acute or chronic treatment. Furthermore, the SOR-resistant HCC established in mice was eradicated by 70% using this approach. We conclude that our strategy is promising for potential clinical applications in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Younis
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Ikramy A Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Yaser H A Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang F, Yang Y, Wang T, Liu W, Zhou H, Zhao W. RASSF1A Enhances Chemosensitivity of NSCLC Cells Through Activating Autophagy by Regulating MAP1S to Inactivate Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:21-35. [PMID: 33442234 PMCID: PMC7797300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s269277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cisplatin (DDP) is an effective first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment; however, it can cause resistance and thus pose an obstacle to the efficacy of chemotherapy in NSCLC. This study aims to detect the effect of RASSF1A on DDP resistance of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. Methods The expression levels of RASSF1A and microtubule-associated protein 1S (MAP1S) were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot and their interaction was testified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis. The IC50 value of DDP on A549 and A549/DDP cells (DDP-resistant cells) was measured. A549/DDP cells were transfected with pCDNA3.1-RASSF1A, pCDNA3.1-MAP1S, or si-RASSF1A, followed by treated with DDP. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) were employed to measure cell survival rate. Western blot was applied to test the levels of autophagy-associated proteins p62, LC3II, and LC3I. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 puncta to evaluate the level of autophagy. Finally, a xenograft model in nude mice using A549/DDP cells was developed. Results RASSF1A and MAP1S were lowly expressed and positively correlated in NSCLC tissues. We observed that RASSF1A and MAP1S overexpression significantly enhanced DDP-induced effects in A549 and A549/DDP cells, including decreased cell viability, as well as increased autophagy levels. Besides, investigations into the mechanism between RASSF1A and MAP1S disclosed that RASSF1A could regulate MAP1S to inactivate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, thus activating autophagy to enhance chemosensitivity. Moreover, consistent results were confirmed in vivo experiments. Conclusion RASSF1A increases chemosensitivity in NSCLC by facilitating autophagy via MAP1S-mediated Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Boao Evergrande International Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan 571400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
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Kandalaft LE, Odunsi K, Coukos G. Immune Therapy Opportunities in Ovarian Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 40:1-13. [PMID: 32412818 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, PARP inhibitors (PARPis), neoantigen vaccines, and personalized T-cell therapy have been associated with encouraging clinical activity in a small subset of patients. To increase the proportion of patients who are likely to derive benefit, it will be important not only to generate sufficient numbers of antitumor T cells but also to overcome multiple inhibitory networks in the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, a major direction is to develop biomarkers that would predict responsiveness to different types of immunotherapies and allow treatment selection based on the results. Moreover, such biomarkers would allow rational combination of immunotherapies while minimizing toxicities. In this review, we provide progress on immune therapies and future directions for maximally exploiting immune-based strategies for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zheng S, Wang F, Huang J, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Qian G, Zhou C, Min D, Song L, Shen Z. Case Report: Sequential Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Produce Sustained Response in Osteosarcoma With High Tumor Mutational Burden. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:625226. [PMID: 34220700 PMCID: PMC8249865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.625226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has provided an effective method for the treatment of many cancers. However, its efficacy in osteosarcoma is not satisfactory so far. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we presented a case of osteosarcoma treated with sequential chemotherapy and immunotherapy and showed promising therapeutic potential. The 29-year-old female patient presented 9th rib osteosarcoma with suspected right lung lower lobe metastasis. Surgery was performed to remove the primary lesion, and a series of chemotherapies were given afterward in consideration of the response and tolerance. The right lung lower lobe metastasis was under control first but progressed (PD) 9 months after the initiation of therapy. The lesion was surgically removed and subsequent chemotherapy was implemented. The patient had good tolerance with chemotherapy and maintained well for approximately 11 months before the discovery of 11th rib and right lung upper lobe metastases. Surgery was then performed on both lesions and achieved complete response. Post-surgical brief chemotherapy and subsequent long-term immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) maintained continuous remission for 33 months. The patient survived for 60 months with well-controlled disease from the time of confirmed diagnosis. Genetic alterations of all primary and metastatic lesions were investigated by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Substantial similarity in mutational landscape between the primary lesion and 11th rib metastasis and between the two lung metastases were revealed, while substantial heterogeneity was found between the rib lesions and lung metastases. The tumor mutational burden (TMB) for the 9th rib primary lesion, the metastatic 11th rib lesion, and the metastatic right upper and lower lobe nodule tissues was 8.02, 2.38, 4.61, and 0.14 mutations/Mb, respectively. The primary lesion exhibited the most diverse copy number variation (CNV) changes among all lesions. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis also suggested significant heterogeneity among the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Surgery with sequential chemotherapy and maintenance immunotherapy was shown to have good response for the first time on osteosarcoma patient who had high TMB tumor lesions and good tolerance for chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuier Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuier Zheng, ; Zan Shen, ; Lele Song,
| | - Fenglin Wang
- The Medical Division, HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Qian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Song
- The Medical Division, HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shuier Zheng, ; Zan Shen, ; Lele Song,
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuier Zheng, ; Zan Shen, ; Lele Song,
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Guo H, He Y, Chen P, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, Zhou C. Combinational immunotherapy based on immune checkpoints inhibitors in small cell lung cancer: is this the beginning to reverse the refractory situation? J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:6070-6089. [PMID: 33209440 PMCID: PMC7656422 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a particular neuroendocrine tumor, occupies 13% of lung cancers, with the highest mortality among cancers. Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) based on programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death one ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors have been one of the most favorable therapies in SCLC. Simultaneously, not all the patients respond to ICIs due to the lack of biomarkers to predict the immunotherapeutic effect. Multiple combinational approaches are under exploration, including the integrated or successive assessment of additional immunotherapeutic agents, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy with ICIs. The current review offers a general view of the rationale for clinical studies exploring the experimental result of combinational immunotherapy based on ICIs, with both available results and ongoing trials. Moreover, the development of more predictive biomarkers, specific clinical trial designs, enhancement of the efficacy, and decreasing the financial toxicity will become the trend of future research and clinical applications of ICIs. Understanding the evolving immuno-oncology is increasingly relevant and crucial to solve those problems and define therapeutic strategies and potential target populations of combinational immunotherapy. Ultimately, emerging combinational immunotherapy will transform SCLC into a chronic disease to help patients survive from tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yao Q, Gu L, Su R, Chen B, Cao H. Efficacy and safety of combination PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors for malignant solid tumours: A systematic review. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13494-13506. [PMID: 33078904 PMCID: PMC7701512 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of multiple malignant solid tumours with programmed death (PD)-1/PD ligand (PD-L) 1 inhibitors has been reported. However, the efficacy and immune adverse effects of combination therapies are controversial. This meta-analysis was performed with PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from their inception until January 2020. Random-effect model was adopted because of relatively high heterogeneity. We also calculated hazard ratio (HR) of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events (AEs), the incidence of grade 3-5 AEs by tumour subgroup, therapeutic schedules and therapy lines. Nineteen articles were selected using the search strategy for meta-analysis. Combined PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors prolonged OS and PFS (HR 0.72, P < 0.001) and (HR 0.66, P < 0.001). In addition, incidence of all-grade and grade 3-5 AEs was not significant in the two subgroup analyses (HR 1.01, P = 0.31) and (HR 1.10, P = 0.07), respectively. Our meta-analysis indicated that combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had greater clinical benefits and adverse events were not increased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigu Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityChina
| | - Lihu Gu
- Department of General SurgeryHwaMei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo CityChina
| | - Rong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityChina
| | - Bangsheng Chen
- Emergency Medical CenterThe Second Hospital of YinzhouNingbo CityChina
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic‐chemical Injury DiseasesHangzhou CityChina
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Safi M, Kanesvaran R, Alradhi M, Al-Danakh A, Ping F, Al-Sabai N, Shan X, Liu J. Overall Survival in Heart Disease-Related Death in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Nonimmunotherapy Versus Immunotherapy Era: Population-Based Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572380. [PMID: 33194672 PMCID: PMC7643546 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity during immunotherapy administration leads to mortality by more than 42% and heart disease-related mortality among immunotherapy-linked cancers is still considered to be underestimated. In this study, the advanced stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with heart disease-related death was selected in accordance with immunotherapy approval time. NSCLC was searched on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Results show that 538 advanced NSCLC cases, those dominated by men and elderly people aged more than 70 years, had a high percentage of heart disease-related death in both eras. The difference between contemporary groups was fairly nonsignificant (P = > 0.05). The overall survival (OS) of all-cause mortality difference showed improved survival in the immunotherapy group (P = 0.0001). In the study of heart disease-related death survival with adjusted data, the NSCLC patients show significant lower survival in the immunotherapy era compared with the nonimmunotherapy era (P = 0.003; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.099-1.57). In the multivariate analysis of NSCLC-related immunotherapy, histology revealed that the non-squamous cell type had an independent risk for lower OS than the squamous cell type (P = 0.04; HR= 0.74; CI = 0, 55- 0.99). The results demonstrate the survival benefits for NSCLC in immunotherapy; however, in heart disease-related death, immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC shows decreased OS. This study highlights that NSCLC patients should be highly monitored during immunotherapy administration, and further assessment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Safi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ravindran Kanesvaran
- National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Alradhi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Ping
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Xiu Shan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wang L, Xu X, Liu T, Wang J, Shen J, Guo M, Wu Y, Zhai X, Zuo D. 1-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one (ZX-42), a novel ALK inhibitor, induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in H2228 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1370-1382. [PMID: 32596809 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the antiproliferative effects of 1-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one (ZX-42) on the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene (EML4-ALK) positive lung cancer cell line H2228 and its underlying mechanism. METHODS The MTT assay was used to study the effect of ZX-42 on H2228 cell growth. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and Western blotting were used to investigate the cell cycle changes. ZX-42-induced cell apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V-FITC/PI (AV/PI) apoptotic assay kit, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining, Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) fluorescence assay and Western blotting. ZX-42-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by ROS assay kit. Transmission electron microscope, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and the AV/PI apoptotic assay kit were used to demonstrate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. KEY FINDINGS ZX-42 had good cell viability inhibitory effect on H2228 cells. ZX-42 dramatically inhibited ALK and its downstream pathways. ZX-42 also blocked H2228 cell cycle at G1 phase and then induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial pathway. Next, ZX-42 induced the production of ROS, and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS production and also decreased apoptotic rates. We also found that ZX-42 induced protective autophagy in H2228 cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, ZX-42 is a novel ALK inhibitor that significantly inhibits the cell viability of H2228 cells and ultimately induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, in which autophagy plays a protective role. Therefore, inhibition of autophagy might enhance the anti-cancer effect of ZX-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junfang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhou J, Huang Q, Huang Z, Li J. Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy in lung cancer: a promising future? J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:4498-4503. [PMID: 32944363 PMCID: PMC7475524 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2019-itm-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Carreau NA, Pail O, Armand P, Merryman R, Advani RH, Spinner MA, Herrera A, Chen R, Tomassetti S, Ramchandren R, Hamid MS, Assouline S, Santiago R, Wagner-Johnston N, Paul S, Svoboda J, Bair S, Barta S, Liu Y, Nathan S, Karmali R, Burkart M, Torka P, David K, Wei C, Lansigan F, Emery L, Persky D, Smith S, Godfrey J, Chavez J, Xia Y, Troxel AB, Diefenbach C. Checkpoint Blockade Treatment May Sensitize Hodgkin Lymphoma to Subsequent Therapy. Oncologist 2020; 25:878-885. [PMID: 32720734 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapies and checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT) have shown efficacy for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in the relapsed and refractory (R/R) setting, but once discontinued owing to progression or side effects, it is unclear how successful further therapies will be. Moreover, there are no data on optimal sequencing of these treatments with standard therapies and other novel agents. In a multicenter, retrospective analysis, we investigated whether exposure to CBT could sensitize HL to subsequent therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen centers across the U.S. and Canada retrospectively queried medical records for eligible patients. The primary aim was to evaluate the overall response rate (ORR) to post-CBT treatment using the Lugano criteria. Secondary aims included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Eighty-one patients were included. Seventy-two percent had stage III-IV disease, and the population was heavily pretreated with a median of four therapies before CBT. Most patients (65%) discontinued CBT owing to progression. The ORR to post-CBT therapy was 62%, with a median PFS of 6.3 months and median OS of 21 months. Post-CBT treatment regimens consisted of chemotherapy (44%), targeted agents (19%), immunotherapy (15%), transplant conditioning (14%), chemotherapy/targeted combination (7%), and clinical trials (1%). No significant difference in OS was found when stratified by post-CBT regimen. CONCLUSION In a heavily pretreated R/R HL population, CBT may sensitize patients to subsequent treatment, even after progression on CBT. Post-CBT regimen category did not impact OS. This may be a novel treatment strategy, which warrants further investigation in prospective clinical trials. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Novel, life-prolonging treatment strategies in relapsed and refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are greatly desired. The results of this multicenter analysis concur with a smaller, earlier report that checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT) use in R/R HL may sensitize patients to their subsequent treatment. This approach may potentially enhance therapeutic options or to bridge patients to transplant. Prospective data are warranted prior to practice implementation. As more work is done in this area, we may also be able to optimize sequencing of CBT and novel agents in the treatment paradigm to minimize treatment-related toxicity and thus improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Carreau
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Orrin Pail
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine & Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reid Merryman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ranjana H Advani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael A Spinner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alex Herrera
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sarah Tomassetti
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Radhakrishnan Ramchandren
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muhammad S Hamid
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Nina Wagner-Johnston
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suman Paul
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jakub Svoboda
- Abramson Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Bair
- Abramson Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Barta
- Abramson Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunita Nathan
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Division of Hematology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madelyn Burkart
- Division of Hematology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pallawi Torka
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kevin David
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Catherine Wei
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Lukas Emery
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Daniel Persky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuhe Xia
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Diefenbach
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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