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Zhang S, Meng Y, Zhou L, Qiu L, Wang H, Su D, Zhang B, Chan K, Han J. Targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammation: Mechanisms and intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e173. [PMID: 36176733 PMCID: PMC9477794 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that resolution of inflammation is a critical and dynamic endogenous process for host tissues defending against external invasive pathogens or internal tissue injury. It has long been known that autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, leading to excessive and uncontrol tissue inflammation. The dysregulation of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications to histone proteins, and noncoding RNA expression has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders and the immune system. The inflammatory response is considered as a critical trigger of epigenetic alterations that in turn intercede inflammatory actions. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the outcome of targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammatory disease is required for inflammation resolution. In this article, we elucidate the critical role of the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases. And we formulate the relationship between inflammation, coronavirus disease 2019, and human cancers. Additionally, we review the mechanism of epigenetic modifications involved in inflammation and innate immune cells. All that matters is that we propose and discuss the rejuvenation potential of interventions that target epigenetic regulators and regulatory mechanisms for chronic inflammation‐associated diseases to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Meng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Kui‐Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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2
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Lussier AA, Bodnar TS, Weinberg J. Intersection of Epigenetic and Immune Alterations: Implications for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:788630. [PMID: 34924946 PMCID: PMC8680672 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.788630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure can impact virtually all body systems, resulting in a host of structural, neurocognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. Among the adverse impacts associated with prenatal alcohol exposure are alterations in immune function, including an increased incidence of infections and alterations in immune/neuroimmune parameters that last throughout the life-course. Epigenetic patterns are also highly sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure, with widespread alcohol-related alterations to epigenetic profiles, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA expression. Importantly, epigenetic programs are crucial for immune system development, impacting key processes such as immune cell fate, differentiation, and activation. In addition to their role in development, epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as attractive candidates for the biological embedding of environmental factors on immune function and as mediators between early-life exposures and long-term health. Here, following an overview of the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on immune function and epigenetic patterns, we discuss the potential role for epigenetic mechanisms in reprogramming of immune function and the consequences for health and development. We highlight a range of both clinical and animal studies to provide insights into the array of immune genes impacted by alcohol-related epigenetic reprogramming. Finally, we discuss potential consequences of alcohol-related reprogramming of immune/neuroimmune functions and their effects on the increased susceptibility to mental health disorders. Overall, the collective findings from animal models and clinical studies highlight a compelling relationship between the immune system and epigenetic pathways. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the long-term and multisystem effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, laying the groundwork for possible novel interventions and therapeutic strategies to treat individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Lussier
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tamara S Bodnar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Zubair K, You C, Kwon G, Kang K. Two Faces of Macrophages: Training and Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111596. [PMID: 34829825 PMCID: PMC8615871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all body tissues. They detect and quickly respond to “environmental signals” in the tissue. Macrophages have been associated with numerous beneficial roles, such as host defense, wound healing, and tissue regeneration; however, they have also been linked to the development of diverse illnesses, particularly cancers and autoimmune disorders. Complex signaling, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways drive macrophage training and tolerance. The induced intracellular program differs depending on the type of initial stimuli and the tissue microenvironment. Due to the essential roles of macrophages in homeostatic and their association with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, recent studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage training and tolerance. This review discusses the role of factors involved in macrophage training and tolerance, along with the current studies in human diseases.
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4
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Immune Cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:377-383. [PMID: 34182142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of immune response involves reversible and heritable changes that do not alter the DNA sequence. Though there have been extensive studies accomplished relating to epigenetic changes in cancer cells, recent focus has been shifted on epigenetic-mediated changes in the immune cells including T cells, Macrophages, Natural Killer cells and anti-tumor immune responses. This review compiles the most relevant and recent literature related to the role of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications in immune cells of wide range of cancers. We also include recent research with respect to role of the most relevant transcription factors that epigenetically control the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, a statement of future direction that promises to look forward for strategies to improve immunotherapy in cancer.
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5
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Chauhan A, Sharma A, Tripathi JK, Sun Y, Sukumran P, Singh BB, Mishra BB, Sharma J. Helminth derived factors inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in bacterial peritonitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12718. [PMID: 34135384 PMCID: PMC8209178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their protective antimicrobial function, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in propagation of inflammatory responses in several disease conditions including sepsis. Highly diffusible exogenous ROS produced under such inflammatory conditions, can induce exuberant NETs, thus making inhibition of NETs desirable in inflammatory diseases. Here we report that helminth parasite excretory/secretory factors termed as parasitic ligands (PL) inhibit ROS-induced NETs by blocking the activation of nonselective calcium permeable channel Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2). Therapeutic implication of PL mediated blockage of NET formation was tested in preclinical model of septic peritonitis, where PL treatment regulated neutrophil cell death modalities including NET formation and mitigated neutrophil mediated inflammatory response. This translated into improved survival and reduced systemic and local bacterial load in infected mice. Overall, our results posit PL as an important biological regulator of neutrophil functions with implications to a variety of inflammatory diseases including peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
- Department of Critical Care, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 110, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA
| | - Jitendra K Tripathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pramod Sukumran
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA.
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA.
- Department of Critical Care, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 110, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.
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6
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Carneiro VL, da Silva HBF, Queiroz GDA, Veiga RV, Oliveira PRS, Carneiro NVQ, Pires ADO, da Silva RR, Sena F, Belitardo E, Nascimento R, Silva M, Marques CR, Costa RDS, Alcantra-Neves NM, Barreto ML, Cooper PJ, Figueiredo CA. WSB1 and IL21R Genetic Variants Are Involved in Th2 Immune Responses to Ascaris lumbricoides. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622051. [PMID: 33692795 PMCID: PMC7937724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic factors are considered to be critical for host-parasite interactions. There are limited data on the role of such factors during human infections with Ascaris lumbricoides. Here, we describe the potential role of genetic factors as determinants of the Th2 immune response to A. lumbricoides in Brazilian children. Stool samples were collected from the children to detect A. lumbricoides by microscopy and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were cultured in whole blood cultures for detection of cytokines (IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in vitro. Levels of anti-A. lumbricoides IgE and IgG4 were measured in plasma. DNA was extracted from PBLs and genotyped using Illumina 2.5 Human Omni Beadchip. Candidate genes associated with A. lumbricoides responses were identified and SNVs in these selected genes associated with the Th2 immune response to A. lumbricoides. Haplotype, gene expression, and epigenetic analyses were done to identify potential associations with Th2 immune responses. GWAS on samples from 1,189 children identified WSB1 as a candidate gene, and IL-21R was selected as a biologically relevant linked gene for further analysis. Variants in WSB1 and IL21R were associated with markers of Th2 immune responses: increased A. lumbricoides-specific IgE and IL-5/IL-13 by PBLs from infected compared to uninfected individuals. In infected children, WSB1 but not IL21R gene expression was suppressed and increased methylation was observed in the WSB1 promoter region. This is the first study to show an association between genetic variants in WSB1 and IL21R and Th2 immune responses during A. lumbricoides infections in children. WSB1/IL21R pathways could provide a potential target for the treatment of Th2-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Rafael Silveira Oliveira
- Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Sena
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Emilia Belitardo
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Regina Nascimento
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milca Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Philip J Cooper
- School of Medicine, International University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Veremeyko T, Yung AWY, Dukhinova M, Strekalova T, Ponomarev ED. The Role of Neuronal Factors in the Epigenetic Reprogramming of Microglia in the Normal and Diseased Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:453. [PMID: 31680868 PMCID: PMC6798237 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the scientific community exhibited relatively little interest in the study of microglial cells. However, recent technical and conceptual advances in this field have greatly increased interest in the basic biology of these cells within various neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and traumatic brain/spinal cord injuries. The main functions of these cells in the normal central nervous system (CNS) remain poorly understood, despite considerable elucidation of their roles in pathological conditions. Microglia populate the brain before birth and remain in close lifelong contact with CNS-resident cells under the influence of the local microenvironment. Within the CNS parenchyma, microglia actively interact with two main cell types, astrocytes and neurons, which produce many factors that affect microglia phenotypes in the normal CNS and during neuroinflammation. These factors include interleukin (IL)-34, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-4, which promote microglial expansion, survival, and differentiation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the normal CNS. Under inflammatory conditions, however, astrocytes produce several pro-inflammatory factors that contribute to microglial activation. The interactions of microglia with neurons in the normal and diseased CNS are especially intriguing. Microglia are known to interact actively with neurons by facilitating axonal pruning during development, while neurons provide specific factors that alter microglial phenotypes and functions. This review focuses mainly on the roles of soluble neuronal factors that affect microglial phenotypes and functions and the possible involvement of these factors in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Synthetic and Systems Biology for Biomedicine, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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9
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Caixia L, Yang X, Yurong T, Xiaoqun Q. Involvement of epigenetic modification in epithelial immune responses during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:186-189. [PMID: 30890452 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cells of bronchi (BECs) act as a protective wall against potential pathogens and foreign particles that controls many aspects of respiratory immune response. The BECs act as not only a physical protecting wall of the airways but also as a significant part of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many kind of epithelium-associated communicating pathways which are triggered by genetic and environmental causating agents get involved in development of respiratory tract abnormalities. Epigenetic dysregulation is one potential mechanism which may mediate between adverse in early life exposures such as severe infections and immunological function deficits in later life. Epigenetic factors which regulate the respiratory tract lining structure and role are also an attractive area to assess the susceptibility of respiratory tract diseases. Several studies show that the key genes in epithelium-related signaling pathways have epigenetic modifications. The interactions mediating the relationship between severe bronchiolitis caused by RSV and their adverse consequences in childhood are broadly understood as immunological in nature, however, are yet to be fully uncovered. Thus, our study explained the immune action of epithelium and RSV-triggered immune imbalance of epithelium through epigenetic modifications in the mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Caixia
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Tan Yurong
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China; From Department of Basic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Qin Xiaoqun
- From Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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10
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Wang Z, Liu S, Tao Y. Regulation of chromatin remodeling through RNA polymerase II stalling in the immune system. Mol Immunol 2019; 108:75-80. [PMID: 30784765 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binds to promoter-proximal regions of inducible target genes that are controlled and not transcribed by several negative elongation factors, which is known as Pol II stalling. The occurrence of stalling is due to particular modification signatures and structural conformations of chromatin that affect Pol II elongation. The existence and physiological importance of Pol II stalling implies that there is a dynamic balance in chromatin regulation prior to endogenous or exogenous stimulation. In this review, we discuss the effects of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and histone modification via transcriptional machinery Pol II C-terminal domain phosphorylated at serine 5 (S5P RNAPII) initiation and S2P RNAPII elongation on the expression or silence of specific genes after the production of activated or differentiated signals or cytokines. The response occurs immediately during immune cell development and function, and it also includes the generation of immunological memories. This summary suggests that the host immune response genes involve a novel mechanism of selectively regulatory chromatin remodeling, a fundamental and crucial aspect of epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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11
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Jondle CN, Gupta K, Mishra BB, Sharma J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection of murine neutrophils impairs their efferocytic clearance by modulating cell death machinery. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007338. [PMID: 30273394 PMCID: PMC6181436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first infiltrating cell type essential for combating pneumoseptic infections by bacterial pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPn). Following an infection or injury, removal of apoptotic infiltrates via a highly regulated process called efferocytosis is required for restoration of homeostasis, but little is known regarding the effect of bacterial infection on this process. Here we demonstrate that KPn infection impedes the efferocytic uptake of neutrophils in-vitro and in-vivo in lungs by macrophages. This impaired efferocytosis of infected neutrophils coincides with drastic reduction in the neutrophil surface exposure of apoptosis signature phospholipid phosphatidyserine (PS); and increased activity of phospholipid transporter flippases, which maintain PS in the inner leaflet of plasma membrane. Concomitantly, pharmacological inhibition of flippase activity enhanced PS externalization and restored the efferocytosis of KPn infected neutrophils. We further show that KPn infection interferes with apoptosis activation and instead activates non-apoptotic programmed cell death via activation of necroptosis machinery in neutrophils. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of necroptosis by RIPK1 and RIPK3 inhibitors restored the efferocytic uptake of KPn infected neutrophils in-vitro. Importantly, treatment of KPn infected mice with necroptosis inhibitor improved the disease outcome in-vivo in preclinical mouse model of KPn pneumonia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of neutrophil efferocytosis impairment by KPn via modulation of cell death pathway, which may provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention of this infection. Inflammatory diseases caused by infectious or sterile injuries are often characterized by pathological accumulation of dead or dying infiltrating cells. Pneumonic sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPn), an opportunistic pathogen, has similar etiology, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we report that KPn infection subverts a protective host process termed efferocytosis, by which the phagocytic cells engulf and clear dead/dying cells thereby resolving inflammation and infection. Our results show that KPn infected neutrophils are cleared less efficiently via efferocytosis than the uninfected neutrophils. Mechanistic studies implicated a reduced exposure of “eat me” signal phosphatidyleserine (PS) via increased flippase activity and skewing of cell death pathway toward necroptosis in impaired efferocytosis of infected neutrophils. Accordingly, pharmacological reversal of PS exposure by flippase inhibition, treatment with necroptosis inhibitors restored the efferocytic clearance of KPn infected neutrophils, and improved the disease outcome in a preclinical model of pneumonic sepsis. To our knowledge this is the first report of KPn subversion of efferocytic clearance of neutrophils by impairing pro-efferocytic apoptotic signatures and activation of necroptosis machinery. This could lead to novel therapeutic targets against KPn infection and associated inflammation in pneumonic sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. Jondle
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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de Groot AE, Pienta KJ. Epigenetic control of macrophage polarization: implications for targeting tumor-associated macrophages. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20908-20927. [PMID: 29755698 PMCID: PMC5945509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer is a result of not only the growth of the malignant cells but also the behavior of other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the TME that influence tumor growth and disease progression. TAMs can either inhibit or support tumor growth depending on their polarization to classically-activated macrophages (M1s) or alternatively-activated macrophages (M2s), respectively. Epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in determining this polarization and manipulating the epigenetic regulation in macrophages would provide a means for selectively targeting M2s thereby eliminating tumor-supporting TAMs while sparing tumor-inhibiting M1 TAMs. Many pharmacologic modulators of epigenetic enzymes are currently used clinically and could be repurposed for treating tumors with high TAM infiltrate. While much research involving epigenetic enzymes and their modulators has been performed in M1s, significantly less is known about the epigenetic regulation of M2s. This review highlights the field’s current knowledge of key epigenetic enzymes and their pharmacologic modulators known to influence macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E de Groot
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Antonson N, Singh BB. Dopaminergic neurotoxins induce cell death by attenuating NF-κB-mediated regulation of TRPC1 expression and autophagy. FASEB J 2018; 32:1640-1652. [PMID: 29150520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700662rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis affect neuronal survival. However, the identity of Ca2+ channels and the mechanisms underlying neurotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration are not well understood. In this study, the dopaminergic neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ions (MPP+)/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which mimic Parkinson's disease (PD), induced neuronal degeneration by decreasing store-mediated Ca2+ entry. The function of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)-1 channel was decreased upon exposure to the neurotoxins, followed by a decrease in TRPC1 expression. Similar to neurotoxins, samples from patients with PD exhibited attenuated TRPC1 expression, which was accompanied by a decrease in autophagic markers and a subsequent increase in apoptosis markers. Furthermore, exposure to neurotoxins attenuated PKC phosphorylation, decreased expression of autophagic markers, and increased apoptosis in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, which was again dependent on TRPC1. Prolonged neurotoxin treatment attenuated the binding of NF-κB to the TRPC1 promoter, which resulted in a decrease in TRPC1 expression, thereby attenuating autophagy and activating cell death. Restoration of TRPC1 expression rescued the effects of the dopaminergic neurotoxins in neuroblastoma cells by increasing Ca2+ entry, restoring NF-κB activity, and promoting autophagy. Overall, these results suggest that dopaminergic neurotoxins initially decreased Ca2+ entry, which inhibited the binding of NF-κB to the TRPC1 promoter, thereby inhibiting TRPC1 expression and resulting in cell death by preventing autophagy.-Sukumaran, P., Sun, Y., Antonson, N., Singh, B. B. Dopaminergic neurotoxins induce cell death by attenuating NF-κB-mediated regulation of TRPC1 expression and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Neil Antonson
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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14
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Marzano V, Mancinelli L, Bracaglia G, Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Di Girolamo F, Garrone S, Tchidjou Kuekou H, D’Argenio P, Dallapiccola B, Urbani A, Putignani L. "Omic" investigations of protozoa and worms for a deeper understanding of the human gut "parasitome". PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005916. [PMID: 29095820 PMCID: PMC5667730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut has been continuously exposed to a broad spectrum of intestinal organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites (protozoa and worms), over millions of years of coevolution, and plays a central role in human health. The modern lifestyles of Western countries, such as the adoption of highly hygienic habits, the extensive use of antimicrobial drugs, and increasing globalisation, have dramatically altered the composition of the gut milieu, especially in terms of its eukaryotic “citizens.” In the past few decades, numerous studies have highlighted the composition and role of human intestinal bacteria in physiological and pathological conditions, while few investigations exist on gut parasites and particularly on their coexistence and interaction with the intestinal microbiota. Studies of the gut “parasitome” through “omic” technologies, such as (meta)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, are herein reviewed to better understand their role in the relationships between intestinal parasites, host, and resident prokaryotes, whether pathogens or commensals. Systems biology–based profiles of the gut “parasitome” under physiological and severe disease conditions can indeed contribute to the control of infectious diseases and offer a new perspective of omics-assisted tropical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marzano
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mancinelli
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bracaglia
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Garrone
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia D’Argenio
- Pediatric Immuno-infectivology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biochemical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery–Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Parasitology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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15
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Varyani F, Fleming JO, Maizels RM. Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and pathology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G537-G549. [PMID: 28302598 PMCID: PMC5495915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries, in which inflammatory bowel disease and other immunopathologies are less frequent than in the developed world. Many of the most common helminths establish themselves in the gastrointestinal tract and can exert counter-inflammatory influences on the host immune system. For these reasons, interest has arisen as to how parasites may ameliorate intestinal inflammation and whether these organisms, or products they release, could offer future therapies for immune disorders. In this review, we discuss interactions between helminth parasites and the mucosal immune system, as well as the progress being made toward identifying mechanisms and molecular mediators through which it may be possible to attenuate pathology in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Varyani
- 1Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; ,2Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - John O. Fleming
- 3Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- 1Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;
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Roles of HDACs in the Responses of Innate Immune Cells and as Targets in Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:91-110. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Emerging Roles for Epigenetic Programming in the Control of Inflammatory Signaling Integration in Heath and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:63-90. [PMID: 28921465 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells initiate the innate immune response to infection and injury and contribute to inflammatory signaling to maintain the homeostasis of various tissues, which includes resident macrophages for the elimination of invading microorganisms and tissue damage. Inappropriate inflammatory signaling can lead to persistent inflammation and further develop into autoimmune and inflammation-associated diseases. Inflammatory signaling pathways have been well characterized, but how these signaling pathways are converted into sustained and diverse patterns of expression of cytokines, chemokines, and other genes in response to environmental challenges is unclear. Emerging evidence suggests the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in finely tuning the outcome of the host innate immune response. An understanding of epigenetic regulation of innate immune cell identity and function will enable the identification of the mechanism between gene-specific host defenses and inflammatory disease and will also allow for exploration of the program of innate immune memory in health and disease. This information could be used to develop therapeutic agents to enhance the host response, preventing chronic inflammation through preserving tissues and signaling integrity.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The activation of inflammatory response is dependent upon genetic factors and epigenetic control mechanisms. This overview will highlight recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic dynamics during cellular inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing body of evidence indicating that alterations of the chromatin state associate with an increased risk of chronic disease development and inflammation. Epigenetic alterations respond rapidly to environmental changes and have a profound effect on gene regulatory cross-wirings and transcriptional regulation. SUMMARY Systematic dissection of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic effects during inflammatory response is a critical step toward elucidation of the cell's molecular processes and holds potential for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Institute for System Genomics and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Kapellos TS, Iqbal AJ. Epigenetic Control of Macrophage Polarisation and Soluble Mediator Gene Expression during Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6591703. [PMID: 27143818 PMCID: PMC4842078 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6591703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages function as sentinel cells, which constantly monitor the host environment for infection or injury. Macrophages have been shown to exhibit a spectrum of activated phenotypes, which can often be categorised under the M1/M2 paradigm. M1 macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, CCL4, and CXCL10, and induce phagocytosis and oxidative dependent killing mechanisms. In contrast, M2 macrophages support wound healing and resolution of inflammation. In the past decade, interest has grown in understanding the mechanisms involved in regulating macrophage activation. In particular, epigenetic control of M1 or M2 activation states has been shown to rely on posttranslational modifications of histone proteins adjacent to inflammatory-related genes. Changes in methylation and acetylation of histones by methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases can all impact how macrophage phenotypes are generated. In this review, we summarise the latest advances in the field of epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarisation to M1 or M2 states, with particular focus on the cytokine and chemokine profiles associated with these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asif J. Iqbal
- Sir William Dunn school of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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