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Khanna N, Bharti S, Guralarasan G, Surabhi, Kumar T, Sinha R, Bhadani PP. Evaluation of comorbidities in the SARS-CoV-2-related mortalities: A retrospective observation from a dedicated COVID-19 care hospital. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:585-588. [PMID: 38605758 PMCID: PMC11006050 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2404_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world with being declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Comorbidities are one of the most concerning clinical considerations for mortality. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Patna, Bihar, from June 2020 to December 2020. It included adult patients who succumbed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during this period, and their relevant information, such as demographic information hospital stay duration, haematological parameters and comorbidities, was gathered. Results The mean age of the study group was 63.5 (11.8) years. Of 150 cases, 126 men (about 84 per cent) and 24 women were involved (16 per cent). In our study, hypertension (HTN) was shown to be the most frequent comorbidity at 68.7% (103/150), followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) at 61.3% (92/150). The most prevalent haematological disorder identified in our investigation was anaemia and leucocytosis. Conclusion The categorisation of patients who would need extra measures including early hospitalisation, heightened monitoring and intense therapy would be made easier by identifying patient traits and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Khanna
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shreekant Bharti
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - G Guralarasan
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Surabhi
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ruchi Sinha
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Punam P. Bhadani
- Department of Pathology/Lab. Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Dos Reis EC, de Freitas Monteiro EL, Meneguci J, Rodrigues P, Palma A, Virtuoso Junior JS, Passos SRL, Borges Dos Santos MA. Body mass index and sex differences for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a path analysis using a brazilian national database. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1655. [PMID: 37644418 PMCID: PMC10464316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that associations between obesity and other comorbidities favor worse outcomes in COVID-19. However, it is not clear how these factors interrelate and whether effects on men and women differ. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study using a national COVID-19 inpatient database. We studied differences in direct and indirect effects of obesity and comorbidities according to sex and body mass index (BMI) categories in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Brazil using path analysis models and logistic regression. For men, path analysis showed a direct association between BMI and death and a negative correlation of death and chronic cardiovascular disease (CCD). For women, the association of BMI and death was indirect, mediated by admission to the ICU and comorbidities and association with CCD was non-significant. In the logistic regression analyses, there was a positive association between death and BMI, age, diabetes mellitus, kidney and lung diseases and ICU admission. We highlight the need to consider the distinct impact of obesity and sex on COVID-19, of monitoring of BMI and of the design for specific male-targeted approaches to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cardoso Dos Reis
- Escola de Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Rua Dois, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, CEP 35.400-000, Brasil.
| | - Elma Lúcia de Freitas Monteiro
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Programa de Pós Graduação em Atenção à Saúde, Av. Frei Paulino, nº 30 - Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38025-180, Brasil
| | - Joilson Meneguci
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Programa de Pós Graduação em Atenção à Saúde, Av. Frei Paulino, nº 30 - Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38025-180, Brasil
| | - Phillipe Rodrigues
- Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 540 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-599, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Palma
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Programa de Pós Graduação em Atenção à Saúde, Av. Frei Paulino, nº 30 - Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38025-180, Brasil
| | - Jair Sindra Virtuoso Junior
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Programa de Pós Graduação em Atenção à Saúde, Av. Frei Paulino, nº 30 - Bairro Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38025-180, Brasil
| | - Sonia Regina Lambert Passos
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI/FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil, 4036, sala 201 A - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21040-360, Brasil
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Ferguson M, Vel J, Phan V, Ali R, Mabe L, Cherner A, Doan T, Manakatt B, Jose M, Powell AR, McKinney K, Serag H, Sallam HS. Coronavirus Disease 2019, Diabetes, and Inflammation: A Systemic Review. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:177-187. [PMID: 37130311 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cardiometabolic diseases [namely type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, or metabolic syndrome] are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and endure more severe illness and poorer outcomes. Hyperinflammation has been suggested as a common pathway for both diseases. To examine the role of inflammatory biomarkers shared between COVID-19 and cardiometabolic diseases, we reviewed and evaluated published data using PubMed, SCOPUS, and World Health Organization COVID-19 databases for English articles from December 2019 to February 2022. Of 248 identified articles, 50 were selected and included. We found that people with diabetes or obesity have (i) increased risk of COVID-19 infection; (ii) increased risk of hospitalization (those with diabetes have a higher risk of intensive care unit admissions) and death; and (iii) heightened inflammatory and stress responses (hyperinflammation) to COVID-19, which worsen their prognosis. In addition, COVID-19-infected patients have a higher risk of developing T2D, especially if they have other comorbidities. Treatments controlling blood glucose levels and or ameliorating the inflammatory response may be valuable for improving clinical outcomes in these patient populations. In conclusion, it is critical for health care providers to clinically evaluate hyperinflammatory states to drive clinical decisions for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ferguson
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaysonn Vel
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Phan
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Roshaneh Ali
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lainie Mabe
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Annie Cherner
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Thao Doan
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bushra Manakatt
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mini Jose
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Ross Powell
- University of Texas Medical Branch Alumni, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin McKinney
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Hani Serag
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Hanaa S Sallam
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Miller G, Menzel A, Ankerst DP. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in all German districts: the importance of confounders. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2022; 34:79. [PMID: 36062033 PMCID: PMC9418649 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-022-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focus of many studies is to estimate the effect of risk factors on outcomes, yet results may be dependent on the choice of other risk factors or potential confounders to include in a statistical model. For complex and unexplored systems, such as the COVID-19 spreading process, where a priori knowledge of potential confounders is lacking, data-driven empirical variable selection methods may be primarily utilized. Published studies often lack a sensitivity analysis as to how results depend on the choice of confounders in the model. This study showed variability in associations of short-term air pollution with COVID-19 mortality in Germany under multiple approaches accounting for confounders in statistical models. METHODS Associations between air pollution variables PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3 and cumulative COVID-19 deaths in 400 German districts were assessed via negative binomial models for two time periods, March 2020-February 2021 and March 2021-February 2022. Prevalent methods for adjustment of confounders were identified after a literature search, including change-in-estimate and information criteria approaches. The methods were compared to assess the impact on the association estimates of air pollution and COVID-19 mortality considering 37 potential confounders. RESULTS Univariate analyses showed significant negative associations with COVID-19 mortality for CO, NO, and NO2, and positive associations, at least for the first time period, for O3 and PM2.5. However, these associations became non-significant when other risk factors were accounted for in the model, in particular after adjustment for mobility, political orientation, and age. Model estimates from most selection methods were similar to models including all risk factors. CONCLUSION Results highlight the importance of adequately accounting for high-impact confounders when analyzing associations of air pollution with COVID-19 and show that it can be of help to compare multiple selection approaches. This study showed how model selection processes can be performed using different methods in the context of high-dimensional and correlated covariates, when important confounders are not known a priori. Apparent associations between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality failed to reach significance when leading selection methods were used. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00657-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Miller
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Donna P. Ankerst
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, Garching, Germany
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Kondakov A, Berdalin A, Lelyuk V, Gubskiy I, Golovin D. Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality in Non-Specialized Tertiary Center Repurposed for Medical Care to COVID-19 Patients in Russia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091687. [PMID: 34574028 PMCID: PMC8470792 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to investigate the risk factors of in-hospital mortality among patients who were admitted in an emergency setting to a non-specialized tertiary center during the first peak of coronavirus disease in Moscow in 2020. The Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia was repurposed for medical care for COVID-19 patients from 6th of April to 16th of June 2020 and admitted the patients who were transported by an ambulance with severe disease. In our study, we analyzed the data of 635 hospitalized patients aged 59.1 ± 15.1 years. The data included epidemiologic and demographic characteristics, laboratory, echocardiographic and radiographic findings, comorbidities, and complications of the COVID-19, developed during the hospital stay. Results of our study support previous reports that risk factors of mortality among hospitalized patients are older age, male gender (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.03–3.52), previous myocardial infarction (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.47–6.73), previous acute cerebrovascular event (stroke, OR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.44–9.92), known oncological disease (OR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.39–8.26), and alcohol abuse (OR 6.98, 95% CI 1.62–30.13). According to the data collected, high body mass index and smoking did not influence the clinical outcome. Arterial hypertension was found to be protective against in-hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus pneumonia in the older age group. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio showed a significant increase in those patients who died during the hospitalization, and the borderline was found to be 2.5. CT pattern of “crazy paving” was more prevalent in those patients who died since their first CT scan, and it was a 4-fold increase in the risk of death in case of aortic and coronal calcinosis (4.22, 95% CI 2.13–8.40). Results largely support data from other studies and emphasize that some factors play a major role in patients’ stratification and medical care provided to them.
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