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Weng W, Deng Y, Deviatiiarov R, Hamidi S, Kajikawa E, Gusev O, Kiyonari H, Zhang G, Sheng G. ETV2 induces endothelial, but not hematopoietic, lineage specification in birds. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402694. [PMID: 38570190 PMCID: PMC10992995 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular system develops from the lateral plate mesoderm. Its three primary cell lineages (hematopoietic, endothelial, and muscular) are specified by the sequential actions of conserved transcriptional factors. ETV2, a master regulator of mammalian hemangioblast development, however, is absent in the chicken genome and acts downstream of NPAS4L in zebrafish. Here, we investigated the epistatic relationship between NPAS4L and ETV2 in avian hemangioblast development. We showed that ETV2 is deleted in all 363 avian genomes analyzed. Mouse ETV2 induced LMO2, but not NPAS4L or SCL, expression in chicken mesoderm. Squamate (lizards, geckos, and snakes) genomes contain both NPAS4L and ETV2 In Madagascar ground gecko, both genes were expressed in developing hemangioblasts. Gecko ETV2 induced only LMO2 in chicken mesoderm. We propose that both NPAS4L and ETV2 were present in ancestral amniote, with ETV2 acting downstream of NPAS4L in endothelial lineage specification. ETV2 may have acted as a pioneer factor by promoting chromatin accessibility of endothelial-specific genes and, in parallel with NPAS4L loss in ancestral mammals, has gained similar function in regulating blood-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Weng
- https://ror.org/02cgss904 International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuan Deng
- Beijing Genome Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- https://ror.org/02cgss904 International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sofiane Hamidi
- https://ror.org/02cgss904 International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Oleg Gusev
- https://ror.org/02cgss904 International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Guojie Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Sheng
- https://ror.org/02cgss904 International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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2
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Pomreinke AP, Müller P. Zebrafish nampt-a mutants are viable despite perturbed primitive hematopoiesis. Hereditas 2024; 161:14. [PMID: 38685093 PMCID: PMC11057069 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-024-00318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is required for recycling NAD+ in numerous cellular contexts. Morpholino-based knockdown of zebrafish nampt-a has been shown to cause abnormal development and defective hematopoiesis concomitant with decreased NAD+ levels. However, surprisingly, nampt-a mutant zebrafish were recently found to be viable, suggesting a discrepancy between the phenotypes in knockdown and knockout conditions. Here, we address this discrepancy by directly comparing loss-of-function approaches that result in identical defective transcripts in morphants and mutants. RESULTS Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we generated nampt-a mutant lines that carry the same mis-spliced mRNA as nampt-a morphants. Despite reduced NAD+ levels and perturbed expression of specific blood markers, nampt-a mutants did not display obvious developmental defects and were found to be viable. In contrast, injection of nampt-a morpholinos into wild-type or mutant nampt-a embryos caused aberrant phenotypes. Moreover, nampt-a morpholinos caused additional reduction of blood-related markers in nampt-a mutants, suggesting that the defects observed in nampt-a morphants can be partially attributed to off-target effects of the morpholinos. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that zebrafish nampt-a mutants are viable despite reduced NAD+ levels and a perturbed hematopoietic gene expression program, indicating strong robustness of primitive hematopoiesis during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Penecilla Pomreinke
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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3
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Loh KM, Ang LT. Building human artery and vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells, and enduring mysteries surrounding arteriovenous development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:62-75. [PMID: 37393122 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their manifold roles in health and disease, there have been intense efforts to synthetically generate blood vessels in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, there are multiple types of blood vessel, including arteries and veins, which are molecularly and functionally different. How can we specifically generate either arterial or venous endothelial cells (ECs) from hPSCs in vitro? Here, we summarize how arterial or venous ECs arise during embryonic development. VEGF and NOTCH arbitrate the bifurcation of arterial vs. venous ECs in vivo. While manipulating these two signaling pathways biases hPSC differentiation towards arterial and venous identities, efficiently generating these two subtypes of ECs has remained challenging until recently. Numerous questions remain to be fully addressed. What is the complete identity, timing and combination of extracellular signals that specify arterial vs. venous identities? How do these extracellular signals intersect with fluid flow to modulate arteriovenous fate? What is a unified definition for endothelial progenitors or angioblasts, and when do arterial vs. venous potentials segregate? How can we regulate hPSC-derived arterial and venous ECs in vitro, and generate organ-specific ECs? In turn, answers to these questions could avail the production of arterial and venous ECs from hPSCs, accelerating vascular research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Cao X, Ma T, Fan R, Yuan GC. Broad H3K4me3 Domain Is Associated with Spatial Coherence during Mammalian Embryonic Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.570452. [PMID: 38168252 PMCID: PMC10760050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.570452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that the chromatin states play a major role in cell-fate decision and cell-identity maintenance; however, the spatial variation of chromatin states in situ remains poorly characterized. Here, by leveraging recently available spatial-CUT&Tag data, we systematically characterized the global spatial organization of the H3K4me3 profiles in a mouse embryo. Our analysis identified a subset of genes with spatially coherent H3K4me3 patterns, which together delineate the tissue boundaries. The spatially coherent genes are strongly enriched with tissue-specific transcriptional regulators. Remarkably, their corresponding genomic loci are marked by broad H3K4me3 domains, which is distinct from the typical H3K4me3 signature. Spatial transition across tissue boundaries is associated with continuous shortening of the broad H3K4me3 domains as well as expansion of H3K27me3 domains. Our analysis reveals a strong connection between the genomic and spatial variation of chromatin states, which may play an important role in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry Ma
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Havens, CT, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
- Lead contact
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5
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Parab S, Setten E, Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. The tissue-specific transcriptional landscape underlines the involvement of endothelial cells in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108418. [PMID: 37088448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that line vascular and lymphatic vessels are being increasingly recognized as important to organ function in health and disease. ECs participate not only in the trafficking of gases, metabolites, and cells between the bloodstream and tissues but also in the angiocrine-based induction of heterogeneous parenchymal cells, which are unique to their specific tissue functions. The molecular mechanisms regulating EC heterogeneity between and within different tissues are modeled during embryogenesis and become fully established in adults. Any changes in adult tissue homeostasis induced by aging, stress conditions, and various noxae may reshape EC heterogeneity and induce specific transcriptional features that condition a functional phenotype. Heterogeneity is sustained via specific genetic programs organized through the combinatory effects of a discrete number of transcription factors (TFs) that, at the single tissue-level, constitute dynamic networks that are post-transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated. This review is focused on outlining the TF-based networks involved in EC specialization and physiological and pathological stressors thought to modify their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Parab
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
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6
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Liu W, Lin S, Li L, Tai Z, Liu JX. Zebrafish ELL-associated factors Eaf1/2 modulate erythropoiesis via regulating gata1a expression and WNT signaling to facilitate hypoxia tolerance. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 37002435 PMCID: PMC10066051 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
EAF1 and EAF2, the eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia (ELL)-associated factors which can assemble to the super elongation complex (AFF1/4, AF9/ENL, ELL, and P-TEFb), are reported to participate in RNA polymerase II to actively regulate a variety of biological processes, including leukemia and embryogenesis, but whether and how EAF1/2 function in hematopoietic system related hypoxia tolerance during embryogenesis remains unclear. Here, we unveiled that deletion of EAF1/2 (eaf1-/- and eaf2-/-) caused reduction in hypoxia tolerance in zebrafish, leading to reduced erythropoiesis during hematopoietic processes. Meanwhile, eaf1-/- and eaf2-/- mutants showed significant reduction in the expression of key transcriptional regulators scl, lmo2, and gata1a in erythropoiesis at both 24 h post fertilization (hpf) and 72 hpf, with gata1a downregulated while scl and lmo2 upregulated at 14 hpf. Mechanistically, eaf1-/- and eaf2-/- mutants exhibited significant changes in the expression of epigenetic modified histones, with a significant increase in the binding enrichment of modified histone H3K27me3 in gata1a promoter rather than scl and lmo2 promoters. Additionally, eaf1-/- and eaf2-/- mutants exhibited a dynamic expression of canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling during erythropoiesis, with significant reduction in p-β-Catenin level and in the binding enrichment of both scl and lmo2 promoters with the WNT transcriptional factor TCF4 at 24 hpf. These findings demonstrate an important role of Eaf1/2 in erythropoiesis in zebrafish and may have shed some light on regeneration medicine for anemia and related diseases and on molecular basis for fish economic or productive traits, such as growth, disease resistance, hypoxia tolerance, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenYe Liu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - ShuHui Lin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - LingYa Li
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - ZhiPeng Tai
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
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7
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Hu YX, Jing Q. Zebrafish: a convenient tool for myelopoiesis research. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 36595106 PMCID: PMC9810781 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Myelopoiesis is the process in which the mature myeloid cells, including monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, are developed. Irregular myelopoiesis may cause and deteriorate a variety of hematopoietic malignancies such as leukemia. Myeloid cells and their precursors are difficult to capture in circulation, let alone observe them in real time. For decades, researchers had to face these difficulties, particularly in in-vivo studies. As a unique animal model, zebrafish possesses numerous advantages like body transparency and convenient genetic manipulation, which is very suitable in myelopoiesis research. Here we review current knowledge on the origin and regulation of myeloid development and how zebrafish models were applied in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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8
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Mattonet K, Riemslagh FW, Guenther S, Prummel KD, Kesavan G, Hans S, Ebersberger I, Brand M, Burger A, Reischauer S, Mosimann C, Stainier DYR. Endothelial versus pronephron fate decision is modulated by the transcription factors Cloche/Npas4l, Tal1, and Lmo2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2082. [PMID: 36044573 PMCID: PMC9432843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial specification is a key event during embryogenesis; however, when, and how, endothelial cells separate from other lineages is poorly understood. In zebrafish, Npas4l is indispensable for endothelial specification by inducing the expression of the transcription factor genes etsrp, tal1, and lmo2. We generated a knock-in reporter in zebrafish npas4l to visualize endothelial progenitors and their derivatives in wild-type and mutant embryos. Unexpectedly, we find that in npas4l mutants, npas4l reporter-expressing cells contribute to the pronephron tubules. Single-cell transcriptomics and live imaging of the early lateral plate mesoderm in wild-type embryos indeed reveals coexpression of endothelial and pronephron markers, a finding confirmed by creERT2-based lineage tracing. Increased contribution of npas4l reporter-expressing cells to pronephron tubules is also observed in tal1 and lmo2 mutants and is reversed in npas4l mutants injected with tal1 mRNA. Together, these data reveal that Npas4l/Tal1/Lmo2 regulate the fate decision between the endothelial and pronephron lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Fréderike W. Riemslagh
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Guenther
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Karin D. Prummel
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (S-BIKF), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexa Burger
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Panara V, Monteiro R, Koltowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Cell Lineages During Zebrafish Development-New Insights From Technical Advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891538. [PMID: 35615697 PMCID: PMC9125237 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is integral in orchestrating the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression which underlies tissue development. The emergence of new tools to assess genome-wide epigenetic modifications has enabled significant advances in the field of vascular biology in zebrafish. Zebrafish represents a powerful model to investigate the activity of cis-regulatory elements in vivo by combining technologies such as ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and CUT&Tag with the generation of transgenic lines and live imaging to validate the activity of these regulatory elements. Recently, this approach led to the identification and characterization of key enhancers of important vascular genes, such as gata2a, notch1b and dll4. In this review we will discuss how the latest technologies in epigenetics are being used in the zebrafish to determine chromatin states and assess the function of the cis-regulatory sequences that shape the zebrafish vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Katarzyna Koltowska,
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10
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Hematogenesis Adaptation to Long-Term Hypoxia Acclimation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
When fish live in the wild or are cultured artificially, they will inevitably suffer from hypoxia. At the same time, blood physiological indexes represent the physiological state of fish. In order to study the effect of long-term hypoxia acclimation on fish hematogenesis, we cultured zebrafish embryos into adulthood in a hypoxia incubator (1.5 ± 0.2 mg/L). Then we compared the hematological parameters of zebrafish cultured in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the main hematopoietic tissue, the head kidney, was also compared between the two groups. Results showed that the number of erythrocytes increased significantly in the long-term hypoxia acclimated group, while the size of several cell types, such as red blood cells, eosinophils, basophils, small lymphocytes and thrombocytes, decreased significantly. The transcriptomic comparisons revealed that there were 6475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. A Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that hematopoiesis and cell proliferation signaling were the most significantly enriched pathways in the head kidney of hypoxia acclimated zebrafish. In addition, many genes involved in the hematopoietic process showed significantly higher levels of expression in the hypoxia acclimated zebrafish, when compared to the normoxia zebrafish. When considered together, these data allowed us to conclude that long-term hypoxia can promote the hematopoiesis process and cell proliferation signaling in the zebrafish head kidney, which resulted in higher red blood cell production. Higher numbers of red blood cells allow for better adaptation to the hypoxic environment. In conclusion, this study provides a basis for the in-depth understanding of the effects of hypoxia on hematogenesis in fish species.
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11
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Wu M, Chen Q, Li J, Xu Y, Lian J, Liu Y, Meng P, Zhang Y. Gfi1aa/Lsd1 Facilitates Hemangioblast Differentiation Into Primitive Erythrocytes by Targeting etv2 and sox7 in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786426. [PMID: 35096818 PMCID: PMC8790037 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first wave of hematopoiesis is the primitive hematopoiesis, which produces embryonic erythroid and myeloid cells. Primitive erythrocytes are thought to be generated from bipotent hemangioblasts, but the molecular basis remains unclear. Transcriptional repressors Gfi1aa and Gfi1b have been shown to cooperatively promote primitive erythrocytes differentiation from hemangioblasts in zebrafish. However, the mechanism of these repressors during the primitive wave is largely unknown. Herein, by functional analysis of zebrafish gfi1aa smu10 , gfi1b smu11 , gfi1ab smu12 single, double, and triple mutants, we found that Gfi1aa not only plays a predominant role in primitive erythropoiesis but also synergizes with Gfi1ab. To screen Gfi1aa downstream targets, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis and found two endothelial transcription factors, etv2 and sox7, to be repressed by Gfi1aa. Genetic analysis demonstrated Gfi1aa to promote hemangioblast differentiation into primitive erythrocytes by inhibiting both etv2 and sox7 in an Lsd1-dependent manner. Moreover, the H3K4me1 level of etv2 and sox7 were increased in gfi1aa mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that Gfi1aa/Lsd1-dependent etv2/sox7 downregulation is critical for hemangioblast differentiation during primitive hematopoiesis by inhibition of endothelial specification. The different and redundant roles for Gfi1(s), as well as their genetic and epigenetic regulation during primitive hematopoiesis, help us to better know the molecular basis of the primitive hematopoiesis and sheds light on the understanding the Gfi1(s) related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Lian
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yiyue Zhang,
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12
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van der Weele CM, Jeffery WR. Cavefish cope with environmental hypoxia by developing more erythrocytes and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible genes. eLife 2022; 11:69109. [PMID: 34984980 PMCID: PMC8765751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark caves lacking primary productivity can expose subterranean animals to hypoxia. We used the surface-dwelling (surface fish) and cave-dwelling (cavefish) morphs of Astyanax mexicanus as a model for understanding the mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in the cave environment. Primitive hematopoiesis, which is restricted to the posterior lateral mesoderm in other teleosts, also occurs in the anterior lateral mesoderm in Astyanax, potentially pre-adapting surface fish for hypoxic cave colonization. Cavefish have enlarged both hematopoietic domains and develop more erythrocytes than surface fish, which are required for normal development in both morphs. Laboratory-induced hypoxia suppresses growth in surface fish but not in cavefish. Both morphs respond to hypoxia by overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif1) pathway genes, and some hif1 genes are constitutively upregulated in normoxic cavefish to similar levels as in hypoxic surface fish. We conclude that cavefish cope with hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte development and constitutive hif1 gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R Jeffery
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
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13
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Using the Zebrafish as a Genetic Model to Study Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910475. [PMID: 34638816 PMCID: PMC8508994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates generate mature red blood cells (RBCs) via a highly regulated, multistep process called erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis involves synthesis of heme and hemoglobin, clearance of the nuclei and other organelles, and remodeling of the plasma membrane, and these processes are exquisitely coordinated by specific regulatory factors including transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. Defects in erythropoiesis can lead to blood disorders such as congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, Diamond–Blackfan anemias, sideroblastic anemias, myelodysplastic syndrome, and porphyria. The molecular mechanisms of erythropoiesis are highly conserved between fish and mammals, and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has provided a powerful genetic model for studying erythropoiesis. Studies in zebrafish have yielded important insights into RBC development and established a number of models for human blood diseases. Here, we focus on latest discoveries of the molecular processes and mechanisms regulating zebrafish erythropoiesis and summarize newly established zebrafish models of human anemias.
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14
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Ulloa BA, Habbsa SS, Potts KS, Lewis A, McKinstry M, Payne SG, Flores JC, Nizhnik A, Feliz Norberto M, Mosimann C, Bowman TV. Definitive hematopoietic stem cells minimally contribute to embryonic hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109703. [PMID: 34525360 PMCID: PMC8928453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells that arise in the embryo
and sustain adult hematopoiesis. Although the functional potential of nascent
HSCs is detectable by transplantation, their native contribution during
development is unknown, in part due to the overlapping genesis and marker gene
expression with other embryonic blood progenitors. Using single-cell
transcriptomics, we define gene signatures that distinguish nascent HSCs from
embryonic blood progenitors. Applying a lineage-tracing approach to selectively
track HSC output in situ, we find significantly delayed
lymphomyeloid contribution. An inducible HSC injury model demonstrates a
negligible impact on larval lymphomyelopoiesis following HSC depletion. HSCs are
not merely dormant at this developmental stage, as they showed robust
regeneration after injury. Combined, our findings illuminate that nascent HSCs
self-renew but display differentiation latency, while HSC-independent embryonic
progenitors sustain developmental hematopoiesis. Understanding these differences
could improve de novo generation and expansion of functional
HSCs. Ulloa et al. demonstrate that nascent HSCs robustly regenerate but
display differentiation latency, while HSC-independent embryonic progenitors
sustain developmental hematopoiesis. Their findings have implications for
dissecting the programs underlying the genesis of bona fide HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Ulloa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samima S Habbsa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn S Potts
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alana Lewis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mia McKinstry
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Payne
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julio C Flores
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia Nizhnik
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Feliz Norberto
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Bronx, NY, USA.
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15
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Fli1 + cells transcriptional analysis reveals an Lmo2-Prdm16 axis in angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2008559118. [PMID: 34330825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008559118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of molecular factors drives the development, differentiation, and maintenance of endothelial cells. Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1) is a bona fide marker of endothelial cells during early development. In zebrafish Tg( f li1:EGFP) y1 , we identified two endothelial cell populations, high-fli1 + and low-fli1 +, by the intensity of green fluorescent protein signal. By comparing RNA-sequencing analysis of non-fli1 expressing cells (fli1 -) with these two (fli1 +) cell populations, we identified several up-regulated genes, not previously recognized as important, during endothelial development. Compared with fli1 - and low-fli1 + cells, high-fli1 + cells showed up-regulated expression of the zinc finger transcription factor PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing 16 (prdm16). Prdm16 knockdown (KD) by morpholino in the zebrafish larva was associated with impaired angiogenesis and increased number of low-fli1 + cells at the expense of high-fli1 + cells. In addition, PRDM16 KD in endothelial cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells impaired their differentiation and migration in vitro. Moreover, zebrafish mutants (mut) with loss of function for the oncogene LIM domain only 2 (lmo2) also showed reduced prdm16 gene expression combined with impaired angiogenesis. Prdm16 expression was reduced further in endothelial (CD31+) cells compared with CD31- cells isolated from l mo2-mutants (l mo2-mut) embryos. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR demonstrated that Lmo2 binds to the promoter and directly regulates the transcription of prdm16 This work unveils a mechanism by which prdm16 expression is activated in endothelial cells by Lmo2 and highlights a possible therapeutic pathway by which to modulate endothelial cell growth and repair.
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16
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Chen PC, Hsueh YW, Lee YH, Tsai HW, Tsai KJ, Chiang PM. FGF primes angioblast formation by inducing ETV2 and LMO2 via FGFR1/BRAF/MEK/ERK. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2199-2212. [PMID: 32910224 PMCID: PMC11073248 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to specify a signal that directly drives the transition that occurs between cell states. However, such inferences are often confounded by indirect intercellular communications or secondary transcriptomic changes due to primary transcription factors. Although FGF is known for its importance during mesoderm-to-endothelium differentiation, its specific role and signaling mechanisms are still unclear due to the confounding factors referenced above. Here, we attempted to minimize the secondary artifacts by manipulating FGF and its downstream mediators with a short incubation time before sampling and protein-synthesis blockage in a low-density angioblastic/endothelial differentiation system. In less than 8 h, FGF started the conversion of KDRlow/PDGFRAlow nascent mesoderm into KDRhigh/PDGFRAlow angioblasts, and the priming by FGF was necessary to endow endothelial formation 72 h later. Further, the angioblastic conversion was mediated by the FGFR1/BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway in mesodermal cells. Finally, two transcription factors, ETV2 and LMO2, were the early direct functional responders downstream of the FGF pathway, and ETV2 alone was enough to complement the absence of FGF. FGF's selective role in mediating the first-step, angioblastic conversion from mesoderm-to-endothelium thus allows for refined control over acquiring and manipulating angioblasts. The noise-minimized differentiation/analysis platform presented here is well-suited for studies on the signaling switches of other mesodermal-lineage fates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiaodong Rd., Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsueh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiaodong Rd., Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiaodong Rd., Tainan, 70457, Taiwan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Min Chiang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiaodong Rd., Tainan, 70457, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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17
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Abstract
Embryonic definitive hematopoiesis generates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) essential for establishment and maintenance of the adult blood system. This process requires the specification of a subset of vascular endothelial cells to become blood-forming, or hemogenic, and the subsequent endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to generate HSPCs therefrom. The mechanisms that regulate these processes are under intensive investigation, as their recapitulation in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to generate autologous HSPCs for clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of hemogenic endothelial cell development and highlight the molecular events that govern hemogenic specification of vascular endothelial cells and the generation of multilineage HSPCs from hemogenic endothelium. We also discuss the impact of hemogenic endothelial cell development on adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA;
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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18
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Dobrzycki T, Mahony CB, Krecsmarik M, Koyunlar C, Rispoli R, Peulen-Zink J, Gussinklo K, Fedlaoui B, de Pater E, Patient R, Monteiro R. Deletion of a conserved Gata2 enhancer impairs haemogenic endothelium programming and adult Zebrafish haematopoiesis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:71. [PMID: 32054973 PMCID: PMC7018942 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gata2 is a key transcription factor required to generate Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) from haemogenic endothelium (HE); misexpression of Gata2 leads to haematopoietic disorders. Here we deleted a conserved enhancer (i4 enhancer) driving pan-endothelial expression of the zebrafish gata2a and showed that Gata2a is required for HE programming by regulating expression of runx1 and of the second Gata2 orthologue, gata2b. By 5 days, homozygous gata2aΔi4/Δi4 larvae showed normal numbers of HSPCs, a recovery mediated by Notch signalling driving gata2b and runx1 expression in HE. However, gata2aΔi4/Δi4 adults showed oedema, susceptibility to infections and marrow hypo-cellularity, consistent with bone marrow failure found in GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Thus, gata2a expression driven by the i4 enhancer is required for correct HE programming in embryos and maintenance of steady-state haematopoietic stem cell output in the adult. These enhancer mutants will be useful in exploring further the pathophysiology of GATA2-related deficiencies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dobrzycki
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Monika Krecsmarik
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joke Peulen-Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bakhta Fedlaoui
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
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19
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CHATTERJEE ARUNITA, AAVULA KUMAR, NONGTHOMBA UPENDRA. Beadex, a homologue of the vertebrate LIM domain only protein, is a novel regulator of crystal cell development in Drosophila melanogaster. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis. Blood 2019; 134:1159-1175. [PMID: 31366618 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic transcription factor LIM domain only 2 (LMO2), a member of the TAL1 transcriptional complex, plays an essential role during early hematopoiesis and is frequently activated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. Here, we demonstrate that LMO2 is activated by deacetylation on lysine 74 and 78 via the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)/sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) pathway. LMO2 deacetylation enables LMO2 to interact with LIM domain binding 1 and activate the TAL1 complex. NAMPT/SIRT2-mediated activation of LMO2 by deacetylation appears to be important for hematopoietic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and blood formation in zebrafish embryos. In T-ALL, deacetylated LMO2 induces expression of TAL1 complex target genes HHEX and NKX3.1 as well as LMO2 autoregulation. Consistent with this, inhibition of NAMPT or SIRT2 suppressed the in vitro growth and in vivo engraftment of T-ALL cells via diminished LMO2 deacetylation. This new molecular mechanism may provide new therapeutic possibilities in T-ALL and may contribute to the development of new methods for in vitro generation of blood cells.
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21
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Cul4a promotes zebrafish primitive erythropoiesis via upregulating scl and gata1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:388. [PMID: 31101894 PMCID: PMC6525236 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CUL4A and CUL4B are closely related members in Cullin family and can each assemble a Cullin-RING E3 ligase complex (Cullin-RING Ligase 4A or 4B, CRL4A, or CRL4B) and participate in a variety of biological processes. Previously we showed that zebrafish cul4a, but not cul4b, is essential for cardiac and pectoral fin development. Here, we have identified cul4a as a crucial regulator of primitive erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryonic development. Depletion of cul4a resulted in a striking reduction of erythroid cells due to the inhibition of erythroid differentiation. Transcript levels for early hematopoietic regulatory genes including scl, lmo2, and gata1 are significantly reduced in cul4a-deficient embryos. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that scl and gata1, the central regulators of primitive hematopoiesis for erythroid determination, are transcriptionally upregulated by cul4a. These findings demonstrate an important role for cul4a in primitive erythropoiesis and may bear implications in regeneration medicine of anemia and related diseases.
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22
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Kobayashi I, Kobayashi-Sun J, Hirakawa Y, Ouchi M, Yasuda K, Kamei H, Fukuhara S, Yamaguchi M. Dual role of Jam3b in early hematopoietic and vascular development. Development 2019; 147:dev.181040. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.181040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to efficiently derive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent precursors, it is crucial to understand how mesodermal cells acquire hematopoietic and endothelial identities, two divergent, but closely related cell fates. Although Npas4 has been recently identified as a conserved master regulator of hemato-vascular development, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate divergence between hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells are still unclear. Here, we show in zebrafish that mesodermal cell differentiation into hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells is regulated by Junctional adhesion molecule 3b (Jam3b) via two independent signaling pathways. Mutation of jam3b led to a reduction in npas4l expression in the posterior lateral plate mesoderm and defects in both hematopoietic and vascular development. Mechanistically, we uncover that Jam3b promotes endothelial specification by regulating npas4l expression through repression of the Rap1a-Erk signaling cascade. Jam3b subsequently promotes hematopoietic development, including HSCs, by regulating lrrc15 expression in endothelial precursors through the activation of an integrin-dependent signaling cascade. Our data provide insight into the divergent mechanisms for instructing hematopoietic or vascular fates from mesodermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Hirakawa
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Madoka Ouchi
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koyuki Yasuda
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kamei
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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23
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Zebrafish miR-462-731 regulates hematopoietic specification and pu.1-dependent primitive myelopoiesis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1531-1544. [PMID: 30459392 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in both embryonic hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. Zebrafish miR-462-731 cluster is orthologous of miR-191-425 in human which regulates proliferation and tumorigenesis. In our previous work, miR-462-731 was found highly and ubiquitously expressed during early embryogenesis. In this study, by loss-of-function analysis (morpholino knockdown combined with CRISRP/Cas9 knockout) and mRNA profiling, we suggest that miR-462-731 is required for normal embryonic development by regulating cell survival. We found that loss of miR-462/miR-731 caused a remarkable decrease in the number of erythroid cells as well as an ectopic myeloid cell expansion at 48 hpf, suggesting a skewing of myeloid-erythroid lineage differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-462-731 provides an instructive input for pu.1-dependent primitive myelopoiesis through regulating etsrp/scl signaling combined with a novel pu.1/miR-462-731 feedback loop. On the other hand, morpholino (MO) knockdown of miR-462/miR-731 resulted in an expansion of posterior blood islands at 24 hpf, which is a mild ventralization phenotype resulted from elevation of BMP signaling. Rescue experiments with both BMP type I receptor inhibitor dorsomorphin and alk8 MO indicate that miR-462-731 acts upstream of alk8 within the BMP/Smad signaling pathway and functions as a novel endogenous BMP antagonist. Besides, an impairment of angiogenesis was observed in miR-462/miR-731 morphants. The specification of arteries and veins was also perturbed, as characterized by the irregular patterning of efnb2a and flt4 expression. Our study unveils a previously unrecognized role of miR-462-731 in BMP/Smad signaling mediated hematopoietic specification of mesodermal progenitors and demonstrates a miR-462-731 mediated regulatory mechanism driving primitive myelopoiesis in the ALPM. We also show a requirement for miR-462-731 in regulating arterial-venous specification and definitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) production. The current findings might provide further insights into the molecular mechanistic basis of miRNA regulation of embryonic hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy.
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24
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VCAM-1 + macrophages guide the homing of HSPCs to a vascular niche. Nature 2018; 564:119-124. [PMID: 30455424 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all blood lineages that support the entire lifespan of vertebrates1. After HSPCs emerge from endothelial cells within the developing dorsal aorta, homing allows the nascent cells to anchor in their niches for further expansion and differentiation2-5. Unique niche microenvironments, composed of various blood vessels as units of microcirculation and other niche components such as stromal cells, regulate this process6-9. However, the detailed architecture of the microenvironment and the mechanism for the regulation of HSPC homing remain unclear. Here, using advanced live imaging and a cell-labelling system, we perform high-resolution analyses of the HSPC homing in caudal haematopoietic tissue of zebrafish (equivalent to the fetal liver in mammals), and reveal the role of the vascular architecture in the regulation of HSPC retention. We identify a VCAM-1+ macrophage-like niche cell population that patrols the inner surface of the venous plexus, interacts with HSPCs in an ITGA4-dependent manner, and directs HSPC retention. These cells, named 'usher cells', together with caudal venous capillaries and plexus, define retention hotspots within the homing microenvironment. Thus, the study provides insights into the mechanism of HSPC homing and reveals the essential role of a VCAM-1+ macrophage population with patrolling behaviour in HSPC retention.
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25
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Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9847015. [PMID: 30581475 PMCID: PMC6276490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9847015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, the potential of using EPCs in tissue engineering as an angiogenic source has been extensively explored. Concomitantly, the impact of EPCs on various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied. Within the limitations of the current knowledge, this review attempts to delineate the concept of EPCs in a sequential manner from the speculative history to a definitive presence (origin, sources of EPCs, isolation, and identification) and significance of these EPCs. Additionally, this review is aimed at serving as a guide for investigators, identifying potential research gaps, and summarizing our current and future prospects regarding EPCs.
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26
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Jha R, Singh M, Wu Q, Gentillon C, Preininger MK, Xu C. Downregulation of LGR5 Expression Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Differentiation and Potentiates Endothelial Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 9:513-527. [PMID: 28793247 PMCID: PMC5550222 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding molecules involved in differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells is important in advancing hPSCs for cell therapy and drug testing. Here, we report that LGR5, a leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor, plays a critical role in hPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. LGR5 expression was transiently upregulated during the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation, and knockdown of LGR5 resulted in reduced expression of cardiomyocyte-associated markers and poor cardiac differentiation. In contrast, knockdown of LGR5 promoted differentiation of endothelial-like cells with increased expression of endothelial cell markers and appropriate functional characteristics, including the ability to form tube-like structures and to take up acetylated low-density lipoproteins. Furthermore, knockdown of LGR5 significantly reduced the proliferation of differentiated cells and increased the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and expression of Wnt signaling-related genes. Therefore, regulation of LGR5 may facilitate efficient generation of cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells from hPSCs. LGR5 expression is upregulated in the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation Knockdown of LGR5 inhibits differentiation of cardiomyocytes Knockdown of LGR5 increases differentiation of endothelial cells Knockdown of LGR5 decreases the expression of Wnt signaling-related genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Jha
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Monalisa Singh
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qingling Wu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cinsley Gentillon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marcela K Preininger
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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27
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Gore AV, Pillay LM, Venero Galanternik M, Weinstein BM. The zebrafish: A fintastic model for hematopoietic development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e312. [PMID: 29436122 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process with a variety of different signaling pathways influencing every step of blood cell formation from the earliest precursors to final differentiated blood cell types. Formation of blood cells is crucial for survival. Blood cells carry oxygen, promote organ development and protect organs in different pathological conditions. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for generating all adult differentiated blood cells. Defects in HSPCs or their downstream lineages can lead to anemia and other hematological disorders including leukemia. The zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system to study hematopoiesis. The developmental processes and molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish hematopoiesis are conserved with higher vertebrates, and the genetic and experimental accessibility of the fish and the optical transparency of its embryos and larvae make it ideal for in vivo analysis of hematopoietic development. Defects in zebrafish hematopoiesis reliably phenocopy human blood disorders, making it a highly attractive model system to screen small molecules to design therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the key developmental processes and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish hematopoiesis. We also discuss recent findings highlighting the strengths of zebrafish as a model system for drug discovery against hematopoietic disorders. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Identification of Novel Hemangioblast Genes in the Early Chick Embryo. Cells 2018; 7:cells7020009. [PMID: 29385069 PMCID: PMC5850097 DOI: 10.3390/cells7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During early vertebrate embryogenesis, both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages derive from a common progenitor known as the hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts derive from mesodermal cells that migrate from the posterior primitive streak into the extraembryonic yolk sac. In addition to primitive hematopoietic cells, recent evidence revealed that yolk sac hemangioblasts also give rise to tissue-resident macrophages and to definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In our previous work, we used a novel hemangioblast-specific reporter to isolate the population of chick yolk sac hemangioblasts and characterize its gene expression profile using microarrays. Here we report the microarray profile analysis and the identification of upregulated genes not yet described in hemangioblasts. These include the solute carrier transporters SLC15A1 and SCL32A1, the cytoskeletal protein RhoGap6, the serine protease CTSG, the transmembrane receptor MRC1, the transcription factors LHX8, CITED4 and PITX1, and the previously uncharacterized gene DIA1R. Expression analysis by in situ hybridization showed that chick DIA1R is expressed not only in yolk sac hemangioblasts but also in particular intraembryonic populations of hemogenic endothelial cells, suggesting a potential role in the hemangioblast-derived hemogenic lineage. Future research into the function of these newly identified genes may reveal novel important regulators of hemangioblast development.
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29
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Stanulovic VS, Cauchy P, Assi SA, Hoogenkamp M. LMO2 is required for TAL1 DNA binding activity and initiation of definitive haematopoiesis at the haemangioblast stage. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:9874-9888. [PMID: 28973433 PMCID: PMC5622341 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LMO2 is a bridging factor within a DNA binding complex and is required for definitive haematopoiesis to occur. The developmental stage of the block in haematopoietic specification is not known. We show that Lmo2−/− mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated to Flk-1+ haemangioblasts, but less efficiently to haemogenic endothelium, which only produced primitive haematopoietic progenitors. Genome-wide approaches indicated that LMO2 is required at the haemangioblast stage to position the TAL1/LMO2/LDB1 complex to regulatory elements that are important for the establishment of the haematopoietic developmental program. In the absence of LMO2, the target site recognition of TAL1 is impaired. The lack of LMO2 resulted in altered gene expression levels already at the haemangioblast stage, with transcription factor genes accounting for ∼15% of affected genes. Comparison of Lmo2−/− with Tal1−/− Flk-1+ cells further showed that TAL1 was required to initiate or sustain Lmo2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna S Stanulovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maarten Hoogenkamp
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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30
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Perlin JR, Robertson AL, Zon LI. Efforts to enhance blood stem cell engraftment: Recent insights from zebrafish hematopoiesis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2817-2827. [PMID: 28830909 PMCID: PMC5626407 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlin et al. discuss recent findings in the field of zebrafish hematopoiesis, focusing on the transcriptional regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) induction and HSC–niche interactions. Manipulation of developmental signaling pathways may enhance HSC bioengineering, which would improve transplantation therapies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapy for patients with a variety of hematological malignancies. HSCT would be greatly improved if patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. There is an incomplete understanding of the genes and signals involved in HSC induction, migration, maintenance, and niche engraftment. Recent studies in zebrafish have revealed novel genes that are required for HSC induction and niche regulation of HSC homeostasis. Manipulation of these signaling pathways and cell types may improve HSC bioengineering, which could significantly advance critical, lifesaving HSCT therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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31
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Reprogramming mouse fibroblasts into engraftable myeloerythroid and lymphoid progenitors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13396. [PMID: 27869129 PMCID: PMC5121332 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts have attempted to convert non-blood cells into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the goal of generating blood lineages de novo. Here we show that hematopoietic transcription factors Scl, Lmo2, Runx1 and Bmi1 can convert a developmentally distant lineage (fibroblasts) into ‘induced hematopoietic progenitors' (iHPs). Functionally, iHPs generate acetylcholinesterase+ megakaryocytes and phagocytic myeloid cells in vitro and can also engraft immunodeficient mice, generating myeloerythoid and B-lymphoid cells for up to 4 months in vivo. Molecularly, iHPs transcriptionally resemble native Kit+ hematopoietic progenitors. Mechanistically, reprogramming factor Lmo2 implements a hematopoietic programme in fibroblasts by rapidly binding to and upregulating the Hhex and Gfi1 genes within days. Moreover the reprogramming transcription factors also require extracellular BMP and MEK signalling to cooperatively effectuate reprogramming. Thus, the transcription factors that orchestrate embryonic hematopoiesis can artificially reconstitute this programme in developmentally distant fibroblasts, converting them into engraftable blood progenitors. Direct reprogramming of closely-related lineages can generate hematopoietic stem cells. Here, the authors show hematopoietic transcription factors Scl, Lmo2, Runx1 and Bmi1 can reprogram fibroblasts into induced hematopoietic progenitors (iHPs), which are engraftable blood progenitors.
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32
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Robertson AL, Avagyan S, Gansner JM, Zon LI. Understanding the regulation of vertebrate hematopoiesis and blood disorders - big lessons from a small fish. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4016-4033. [PMID: 27616157 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all differentiated blood cells. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and lineage specification of HSCs is key for developing treatments for many human diseases. Zebrafish have emerged as an excellent model for studying vertebrate hematopoiesis. This review will highlight the unique strengths of zebrafish and important findings that have emerged from studies of blood development and disorders using this system. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of hematopoiesis, including the origin of HSCs, molecular control of their development, and key signaling pathways involved in their regulation. We highlight significant findings from zebrafish models of blood disorders and discuss their application for investigating stem cell dysfunction in disease and for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Robertson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Serine Avagyan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MA, USA
| | - John M Gansner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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33
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Thambyrajah R, Patel R, Mazan M, Lie-a-Ling M, Lilly A, Eliades A, Menegatti S, Garcia-Alegria E, Florkowska M, Batta K, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. New insights into the regulation by RUNX1 and GFI1(s) proteins of the endothelial to hematopoietic transition generating primordial hematopoietic cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2108-2114. [PMID: 27399214 PMCID: PMC4993433 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first hematopoietic cells are generated very early in ontogeny to support the growth of the embryo and to provide the foundation to the adult hematopoietic system. There is a considerable therapeutic interest in understanding how these first blood cells are generated in order to try to reproduce this process in vitro. This would allow generating blood products, or hematopoietic cell populations from embryonic stem (ES) cells, induced pluripotent stem cells or through directed reprogramming. Recent studies have clearly established that the first hematopoietic cells originate from a hemogenic endothelium (HE) through an endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). The molecular mechanisms underlining this transition remain largely unknown with the exception that the transcription factor RUNX1 is critical for this process. In this Extra Views report, we discuss our recent studies demonstrating that the transcriptional repressors GFI1 and GFI1B have a critical role in the EHT. We established that these RUNX1 transcriptional targets are actively implicated in the downregulation of the endothelial program and the loss of endothelial identity during the formation of the first blood cells. In addition, our results suggest that GFI1 expression provides an ideal novel marker to identify, isolate and study the HE cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Milena Mazan
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Lie-a-Ling
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Lilly
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexia Eliades
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Menegatti
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Eva Garcia-Alegria
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kiran Batta
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
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34
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Cui B, Ren L, Xu QH, Yin LY, Zhou XY, Liu JX. Silver_ nanoparticles inhibited erythrogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:295-305. [PMID: 27340786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver_ nanoparticles (AgNPs), for their attractive antimicrobial properties, have become one of the most commercial nanomaterials used recently. AgNPs are reported to be toxic to blood cells of aquatic organisms and humans, however, few studies related to toxic effects of AgNPs in hematopoiesis using an in vivo model were available. Firstly, microarrays were applied to reveal transcriptional responses of zebrafish embryos to AgNPs at 24h post-fertilization (hpf)in this study, and hemoglobin genes were found to be down-regulated by AgNPs and to be enriched in the top 10 categories by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The reduced expressions of hemoglobin were further demonstrated by qRT-PCR detection, whole-mount in situ hybridization, and O-dianisidine staining at transcriptional and translational level. Next, the commitment of mesoderm, specification of hematopoietic progenitor cells and differentiation of erythroids were detected at different developmental stages in AgNPs-exposed embryos, and erythrogenesis were found to be inhibited by AgNPs in developmental-stage-specific and cell-specific manners. Finally, it was pointed out that AgNPs affected erythrogenesis mostly by their particles other than their releasing ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Long Ren
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qin-Han Xu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Li-Yan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, HaiKou, 570228, China.
| | - Xin-Ying Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan, Changde, 415000, China.
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35
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Gritz E, Hirschi KK. Specification and function of hemogenic endothelium during embryogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1547-67. [PMID: 26849156 PMCID: PMC4805691 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium is a specialized subset of developing vascular endothelium that acquires hematopoietic potential and can give rise to multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during a narrow developmental window in tissues such as the extraembryonic yolk sac and embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros. Herein, we review current knowledge about the historical and developmental origins of hemogenic endothelium, the molecular events that govern hemogenic specification of vascular endothelial cells, the generation of multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from hemogenic endothelium, and the potential for translational applications of knowledge gained from further study of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gritz
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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36
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Goode DK, Obier N, Vijayabaskar MS, Lie-A-Ling M, Lilly AJ, Hannah R, Lichtinger M, Batta K, Florkowska M, Patel R, Challinor M, Wallace K, Gilmour J, Assi SA, Cauchy P, Hoogenkamp M, Westhead DR, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V, Göttgens B, Bonifer C. Dynamic Gene Regulatory Networks Drive Hematopoietic Specification and Differentiation. Dev Cell 2016; 36:572-87. [PMID: 26923725 PMCID: PMC4780867 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metazoan development involves the successive activation and silencing of specific gene expression programs and is driven by tissue-specific transcription factors programming the chromatin landscape. To understand how this process executes an entire developmental pathway, we generated global gene expression, chromatin accessibility, histone modification, and transcription factor binding data from purified embryonic stem cell-derived cells representing six sequential stages of hematopoietic specification and differentiation. Our data reveal the nature of regulatory elements driving differential gene expression and inform how transcription factor binding impacts on promoter activity. We present a dynamic core regulatory network model for hematopoietic specification and demonstrate its utility for the design of reprogramming experiments. Functional studies motivated by our genome-wide data uncovered a stage-specific role for TEAD/YAP factors in mammalian hematopoietic specification. Our study presents a powerful resource for studying hematopoiesis and demonstrates how such data advance our understanding of mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie K Goode
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nadine Obier
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - M S Vijayabaskar
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael Lie-A-Ling
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew J Lilly
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rebecca Hannah
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Monika Lichtinger
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Kiran Batta
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - Rahima Patel
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mairi Challinor
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kirstie Wallace
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jane Gilmour
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Maarten Hoogenkamp
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - David R Westhead
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer end Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK.
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37
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Roberto V, Tiago D, Gautvik K, Cancela M. Evidence for the conservation of miR-223 in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Implications for function. Gene 2015; 566:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Human Myeloid Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:641475. [PMID: 26064935 PMCID: PMC4433643 DOI: 10.1155/2015/641475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are heterogeneous disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation or/and blockage of differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although a substantial number of gene alterations have been identified, the mechanism by which these abnormalities interact has yet to be elucidated. Over the past decades, zebrafish have become an important model organism, especially in biomedical research. Several zebrafish models have been developed to recapitulate the characteristics of specific myeloid malignancies that provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases and allow the evaluation of novel small molecule drugs. This report will focus on illustrative examples of applications of zebrafish models, including transgenesis, zebrafish xenograft models, and cell transplantation approaches, to the study of human myeloid malignancies.
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39
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Gil CH, Lee JH, Seo J, Park SJ, Park Z, Kim J, Jung AR, Lee WY, Kim JS, Moon SH, Lee HT, Chung HM. Well-defined differentiation of hesc-derived hemangioblasts by embryoid body formation without enzymatic treatment. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1315-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Lee Y, Manegold JE, Kim AD, Pouget C, Stachura DL, Clements WK, Traver D. FGF signalling specifies haematopoietic stem cells through its regulation of somitic Notch signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5583. [PMID: 25428693 PMCID: PMC4271318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derive from hemogenic endothelial cells of the primitive dorsal aorta (DA) during vertebrate embryogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing this unique endothelial to hematopoietic transition remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a novel requirement for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in HSC emergence. This requirement is non-cell-autonomous, and acts within the somite to bridge the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated that Wnt16 regulates the somitic expression of two Notch ligands, deltaC (dlc) and deltaD (dld), whose combined function is required for HSC fate. How Wnt16 connects to Notch function has remained an open question. Our current studies demonstrate that FGF signaling, via FGF receptor 4 (Fgfr4), mediates a signal transduction pathway between Wnt16 and Dlc, but not Dld, to regulate HSC specification. Our findings demonstrate that FGF signaling acts as a key molecular relay within the developmental HSC niche to instruct HSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsung Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer E Manegold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - David L Stachura
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, California 95929, USA
| | - Wilson K Clements
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Rasighaemi P, Onnebo SMN, Liongue C, Ward AC. ETV6 (TEL1) regulates embryonic hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Haematologica 2014; 100:23-31. [PMID: 25281506 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving fusions of the human ETV6 (TEL1) gene occur frequently in hematologic malignancies. However, a detailed understanding of the normal function of ETV6 remains incomplete. This study has employed zebrafish as a relevant model to investigate the role of ETV6 during embryonic hematopoiesis. Zebrafish possessed a single conserved etv6 ortholog that was expressed from 12 hpf in the lateral plate mesoderm, and later in hematopoietic, vascular and other tissues. Morpholino-mediated gene knockdown of etv6 revealed the complex contribution of this gene toward embryonic hematopoiesis. During primitive hematopoiesis, etv6 knockdown resulted in reduced levels of progenitor cells, erythrocyte and macrophage populations, but increased numbers of incompletely differentiated heterophils. Definitive hematopoiesis was also perturbed, with etv6 knockdown leading to decreased erythrocytes and myeloid cells, but enhanced lymphopoiesis. This study suggests that ETV6 plays a broader and more complex role in early hematopoiesis than previously thought, impacting on the development of multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| | - Sara M N Onnebo
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
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Schupp MO, Waas M, Chun CZ, Ramchandran R. Transcriptional inhibition of etv2 expression is essential for embryonic cardiac development. Dev Biol 2014; 393:71-83. [PMID: 24984259 PMCID: PMC4137469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
E-twenty six variant 2 (Etv2) transcription factor participates in cardiac, vascular-endothelial and blood cell lineage specification decisions during embryonic development. Previous studies have identified genomic elements in the etv2 locus responsible for vascular endothelial cell specification. Using transgenic analysis in zebrafish, we report here an etv2 proximal promoter fragment that prevents transgene misexpression in myocardial progenitor cells. This inhibition of etv2 expression in the cardiac progenitor population is partly mediated by Scl and Nkx2.5, likely through direct binding to the etv2 promoter, and cis-regulatory elements located in the first and second introns. The results identify an etv2 cis-regulatory mechanism controlling cardiovascular fate choice implying that etv2 participates in a transcriptional network mediating developmental plasticity of endothelial progenitor cells during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus-Oliver Schupp
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Room CG-98, 1600 Archer Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chang-Zoon Chun
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Room CG-98, 1600 Archer Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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43
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Carroll KJ, North TE. Oceans of opportunity: exploring vertebrate hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:684-96. [PMID: 24816275 PMCID: PMC4461861 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the zebrafish model in hematology research has surged in recent years, becoming one of the most useful and tractable systems for understanding regulation of hematopoietic development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Despite the evolutionary distance between zebrafish and humans, remarkable genetic and phenotypic conservation in the hematopoietic system has enabled significant advancements in our understanding of blood stem and progenitor cell biology. The strengths of zebrafish in hematology research lie in the ability to perform real-time in vivo observations of hematopoietic stem, progenitor, and effector cell emergence, expansion, and function, as well as the ease with which novel genetic and chemical modifiers of specific hematopoietic processes or cell types can be identified and characterized. Further, myriad transgenic lines have been developed including fluorescent reporter systems to aid in the visualization and quantification of specified cell types of interest and cell-lineage relationships, as well as effector lines that can be used to implement a wide range of experimental manipulations. As our understanding of the complex nature of blood stem and progenitor cell biology during development, in response to infection or injury, or in the setting of hematologic malignancy continues to deepen, zebrafish will remain essential for exploring the spatiotemporal organization and integration of these fundamental processes, as well as the identification of efficacious small molecule modifiers of hematopoietic activity. In this review, we discuss the biology of the zebrafish hematopoietic system, including similarities and differences from mammals, and highlight important tools currently utilized in zebrafish embryos and adults to enhance our understanding of vertebrate hematology, with emphasis on findings that have impacted our understanding of the onset or treatment of human hematologic disorders and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Carroll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Mommaerts H, Esguerra CV, Hartmann U, Luyten FP, Tylzanowski P. Smoc2 modulates embryonic myelopoiesis during zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1375-90. [PMID: 25044883 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMOC2 is a member of the BM-40 (SPARC) family of matricellular proteins, reported to influence signaling in the extracellular compartment. In mice, Smoc2 is expressed in many different tissues and was shown to enhance the response to angiogenic growth factors, mediate cell adhesion, keratinocyte migration, and metastasis. Additionally, SMOC2 is associated with vitiligo and craniofacial and dental defects. The function of Smoc2 during early zebrafish development has not been determined to date. RESULTS In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, smoc2 is expressed ubiquitously. As development progresses, the expression pattern becomes more anteriorly restricted. At the onset of blood cell circulation, smoc2 morphants presented a mild ventralization of posterior structures. Molecular analysis of the smoc2 morphants indicated myelopoietic defects in the rostral blood islands during segmentation stages. Hemangioblast development and further specification of the myeloid progenitor cells were shown to be impaired. Additional experiments indicated that Bmp target genes were down-regulated in smoc2 morphants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that Smoc2 is an essential player in the development of myeloid cells of the anterior lateral plate mesoderm during embryonic zebrafish development. Furthermore, our data show that Smoc2 affects the transcription of Bmp target genes without affecting initial dorsoventral patterning or mesoderm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Mommaerts
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Pimtong W, Datta M, Ulrich AM, Rhodes J. Drl.3 governs primitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5791. [PMID: 25051985 PMCID: PMC4107348 DOI: 10.1038/srep05791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular program controlling hematopoietic differentiation is not fully understood. Here, we describe a family of zebrafish genes that includes a novel hematopoietic regulator, draculin-like 3 (drl.3). We found that drl.3 is expressed in mesoderm-derived hematopoietic cells and is retained during erythroid maturation. Moreover, drl.3 expression correlated with erythroid development in gata1a- and spi1b-depleted embryos. Loss-of-function analysis indicated that drl.3 plays an essential role in primitive erythropoiesis and, to a lesser extent, myelopoiesis that is independent of effects on vasculature, emergence of primitive and definitive progenitor cells and cell viability. While drl.3 depletion reduced gata1a expression and inhibited erythroid development, enforced expression of gata1a was not sufficient to rescue erythropoiesis, indicating that the regulation of hematopoiesis by drl.3 extends beyond control of gata1a expression. Knockdown of drl.3 increased the proportion of less differentiated, primitive hematopoietic cells without affecting proliferation, establishing drl.3 as an important regulator of primitive hematopoietic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Pimtong
- 1] Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA [2]
| | - Madhusmita Datta
- 1] Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA [2]
| | - Allison M Ulrich
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Jennifer Rhodes
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
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46
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Developmental hematopoiesis: ontogeny, genetic programming and conservation. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:669-83. [PMID: 24950425 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood production throughout life and are of pivotal importance in regenerative medicine. Although HSC generation from pluripotent stem cells would resolve their shortage for clinical applications, this has not yet been achieved mainly because of the poor mechanistic understanding of their programming. Bone marrow HSCs are first created during embryogenesis in the dorsal aorta (DA) of the midgestation conceptus, from where they migrate to the fetal liver and, eventually, the bone marrow. It is currently accepted that HSCs emerge from specialized endothelium, the hemogenic endothelium, localized in the ventral wall of the DA through an evolutionarily conserved process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. However, the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition represents one of the last steps in HSC creation, and an understanding of earlier events in the specification of their progenitors is required if we are to create them from naïve pluripotent cells. Because of their ready availability and external development, zebrafish and Xenopus embryos have enormously facilitated our understanding of the early developmental processes leading to the programming of HSCs from nascent lateral plate mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium in the DA. The amenity of the Xenopus model to lineage tracing experiments has also contributed to the establishment of the distinct origins of embryonic (yolk sac) and adult (HSC) hematopoiesis, whereas the transparency of the zebrafish has allowed in vivo imaging of developing blood cells, particularly during and after the emergence of HSCs in the DA. Here, we discuss the key contributions of these model organisms to our understanding of developmental hematopoiesis.
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Lewis RS, Noor SM, Fraser FW, Sertori R, Liongue C, Ward AC. Regulation of embryonic hematopoiesis by a cytokine-inducible SH2 domain homolog in zebrafish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5739-48. [PMID: 24835394 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-inducible SH2 domain-containing protein (CISH), a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling family of negative feedback regulators, is induced by cytokines that activate STAT5 and can inhibit STAT5 signaling in vitro. However, demonstration of a definitive in vivo role for CISH during development has remained elusive. This study employed expression analysis and morpholino-mediated knockdown in zebrafish in concert with bioinformatics and biochemical approaches to investigate CISH function. Two zebrafish CISH paralogs were identified, cish.a and cish.b, with high overall conservation (43-46% identity) with their mammalian counterparts. The cish.a gene was maternally derived, with transcripts present throughout embryogenesis, and increasing at 4-5 d after fertilization, whereas cish.b expression commenced at 8 h after fertilization. Expression of cish.a was regulated by the JAK2/STAT5 pathway via conserved tetrameric STAT5 binding sites (TTCN3GAA) in its promoter. Injection of morpholinos targeting cish.a, but not cish.b or control morpholinos, resulted in enhanced embryonic erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis, including a 2- 3-fold increase in erythrocytic markers. This occurred concomitantly with increased activation of STAT5. This study indicates that CISH functions as a conserved in vivo target and regulator of STAT5 in the control of embryonic hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena S Lewis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Suzita M Noor
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fiona W Fraser
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; and
| | - Robert Sertori
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; and
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; and
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; and
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48
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Weng W, Sheng G. Five transcription factors and FGF pathway inhibition efficiently induce erythroid differentiation in the epiblast. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:262-70. [PMID: 24672750 PMCID: PMC3964278 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primitive erythropoiesis follows a stereotypic developmental program of mesoderm ventralization and internalization, hemangioblast formation and migration, and erythroid lineage specification. Induction of erythropoiesis is inefficient in either ES/iPS cells in vitro or nonhemangioblast cell populations in vivo. Using the chick model, we report that epiblast cells can be directly and efficiently differentiated into the erythroid lineage by expressing five hematopoietic transcription regulators (SCL+LMO2+GATA2+LDB1+E2A) and inhibiting the FGF pathway. We show that these five genes are expressed with temporal specificity during normal erythropoiesis. Initiation of SCL and LMO2 expression requires FGF activity, whereas erythroid differentiation is enhanced by FGF inhibition. The lag between hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis is attributed to sequential coregulator expression and hemangioblast migration. Globin gene transcription can be ectopically and prematurely induced by manipulating the availability of these factors and the FGF pathway activity. We propose that similar approaches can be taken for efficient erythroid differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Weng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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49
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Li L, Chen D, Li J, Wang X, Wang N, Xu C, Wang QK. Aggf1 acts at the top of the genetic regulatory hierarchy in specification of hemangioblasts in zebrafish. Blood 2014; 123:501-8. [PMID: 24277077 PMCID: PMC3901065 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-514612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemangioblast is a multipotential progenitor, which is derived from the mesoderm and can further differentiate into hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. The molecular mechanism governing the specification of hemangioblasts is fundamental to regenerative medicine based on embryonic stem cells for the treatment of various hematologic and vascular diseases. Here we show that aggf1 acts at the top of the genetic regulatory hierarchy in the specification of hemangioblasts in zebrafish. Knockdown of aggf1 expression decreases expression of endothelial cell-specific markers (cdh5, admr) and disrupts primitive hematopoiesis as shown by a decreased number of erythroid cells and reduced expression of gata1 (marker for erythroid progenitors) and pu.1 (myeloid progenitors). Aggf1 knockdown also decreases expression of runx1 and c-myb, indicating that it is required for specification of hematopoietic stem cells (definitive hematopoiesis). Aggf1 knockdown led to dramatically reduced expression of hemangioblast markers fli1, etsrp, lmo2, and scl, and hematopoietic/endothelial defects in aggf1 morphants were rescued by messenger RNA for scl, fli-vp16, or etsrp. Taken together, these data indicate that aggf1 is involved in differentiation of both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages and that aggf1 acts upstream of scl, fli1, and etsrp in specification of hemangioblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
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50
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LIM-domain-only proteins: multifunctional nuclear transcription coregulators that interacts with diverse proteins. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:1067-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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