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Yu Y, Gu D, Cai L, Yang H, Sheng R. Development of small-molecule inhibitors that target PI3Kβ. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103854. [PMID: 38070704 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) β, a subtype of class I PI3Ks, has an essential role in PTEN-deficient tumors and links to thrombosis, male fertility, and Fragile X syndrome. PI3Kβ-specific targeting therapy could be an efficacious treatment for diseases highly dependent on PI3Kβ, while mitigating the severe toxicity of pan-PI3K inhibitors. Achieving selectivity can be accomplished through three primary strategies, namely, binding to the induced lipophilic pocket, targeting the unique amino acid residue of PI3Kβ, or using atropisomerism to lock conformation. In this review, we focus on advances in the development of these β-isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors, providing potential guidance for the further development of novel clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Dongyan Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lvtao Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Haodong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China.
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2
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Tölle J, Koch A, Schlicht K, Finger D, Kaehler W, Höppner M, Graetz C, Dörfer C, Schulte DM, Fawzy El-Sayed K. Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen and Inflammation on Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2479. [PMID: 37887323 PMCID: PMC10605813 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores for the first time the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on gingival mesenchymal stem cells' (G-MSCs) gene expression profile, intracellular pathway activation, pluripotency, and differentiation potential under an experimental inflammatory setup. G-MSCs were isolated from five healthy individuals (n = 5) and characterized. Single (24 h) or double (72 h) HBO stimulation (100% O2, 3 bar, 90 min) was performed under experimental inflammatory [IL-1β (1 ng/mL)/TNF-α (10 ng/mL)/IFN-γ (100 ng/mL)] and non-inflammatory micro-environment. Next Generation Sequencing and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, G-MSCs' pluripotency gene expression, Wnt-/β-catenin pathway activation, proliferation, colony formation, and differentiation were investigated. G-MSCs demonstrated all mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' characteristics. The beneficial effect of a single HBO stimulation was evident, with anti-inflammatory effects and induction of differentiation (TLL1, ID3, BHLHE40), proliferation/cell survival (BMF, ID3, TXNIP, PDK4, ABL2), migration (ABL2) and osteogenic differentiation (p < 0.05). A second HBO stimulation at 72 h had a detrimental effect, significantly increasing the inflammation-induced cellular stress and ROS accumulation through HMOX1, BHLHE40, and ARL4C amplification and pathway enrichment (p < 0.05). Results outline a positive short-term single HBO anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and differentiation stimulatory effect on G-MSCs. A second (72 h) stimulation is detrimental to the same properties. The current results could open new perspectives in the clinical application of short-termed HBO induction in G-MSCs-mediated periodontal reparative/regenerative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tölle
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Andreas Koch
- German Naval Medical Institute, 24119 Kiel, Germany; (A.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Dirk Finger
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Wataru Kaehler
- German Naval Medical Institute, 24119 Kiel, Germany; (A.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Marc Höppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Dominik M. Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.S.); (D.M.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.T.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (C.D.)
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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Influence of genetic polymorphisms in P2Y12 receptor signaling pathway on antiplatelet response to clopidogrel in coronary heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:575. [PMID: 36581799 PMCID: PMC9801627 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Remarkable interindividual variability in clopidogrel response is observed, genetic polymorphisms in P2RY12 and its signal pathway is supposed to affect clopidogrel response in CHD patients. METHODS 539 CHD patients treated with clopidogrel were recruited. The platelet reaction index (PRI) indicated by VASP-P level were detected in 12-24 h after clopidogrel loading dose or within 5-7 days after initiation of maintain dose clopidogrel. A total of 13 SNPs in relevant genes were genotyped in sample A (239 CHD patients). The SNPs which have significant differences in PRI will be validated in another sample (sample B, 300 CHD patients). RESULTS CYP2C19*2 increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance significantly. When CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were considered, CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) alleles were associated with more obviously increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance; P2RY12 rs6809699C > A polymorphism was also associated with increased risk of clopidogrel resistance (AA vs CC: P = 0.0398). This difference still existed after stratification by CYP2C19 genotypes. It was also validated in sample B. The association was also still significant even in the case of stratification by CYP2C19 genotypes in all patients (sample A + B). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that P2RY12 rs6809699 is associated with clopidogrel resistance in CHD patients. Meanwhile, the rs6809699 AA genotype can increase on-treatment platelet activity independent of CYP2C19 LOF polymorphisms.
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Zhou J, Wu Y, Rauova L, Koma G, Wang L, Poncz M, Li H, Liu T, Fong KP, Bennett JS, Kunapuli SP, Essex DW. A novel role for endoplasmic reticulum protein 46 (ERp46) in platelet function and arterial thrombosis in mice. Blood 2022; 139:2050-2065. [PMID: 34752599 PMCID: PMC8972093 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several members of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family support thrombosis, other PDI family members with the CXYC motif remain uninvestigated. ERp46 has 3 CGHC redox-active sites and a radically different molecular architecture than other PDIs. Expression of ERp46 on the platelet surface increased with thrombin stimulation. An anti-ERp46 antibody inhibited platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, and αIIbβ3 activation. ERp46 protein potentiated αIIbβ3 activation, platelet aggregation, and ATP release, whereas inactive ERp46 inhibited these processes. ERp46 knockout mice had prolonged tail-bleeding times and decreased platelet accumulation in thrombosis models that was rescued by infusion of ERp46. ERp46-deficient platelets had decreased αIIbβ3 activation, platelet aggregation, ATP release, and P-selectin expression. The defects were reversed by wild-type ERp46 and partially reversed by ERp46 containing any of the 3 active sites. Platelet aggregation stimulated by an αIIbβ3-activating peptide was inhibited by the anti-ERp46 antibody and was decreased in ERp46-deficient platelets. ERp46 bound tightly to αIIbβ3 by surface plasmon resonance but poorly to platelets lacking αIIbβ3 and physically associated with αIIbβ3 upon platelet activation. ERp46 mediated clot retraction and platelet spreading. ERp46 more strongly reduced disulfide bonds in the β3 subunit than other PDIs and in contrast to PDI, generated thiols in β3 independently of fibrinogen. ERp46 cleaved the Cys473-Cys503 disulfide bond in β3, implicating a target for ERp46. Finally, ERp46-deficient platelets have decreased thiols in β3, implying that ERp46 cleaves disulfide bonds in platelets. In conclusion, ERp46 is critical for platelet function and thrombosis and facilitates αIIbβ3 activation by targeting disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Zhou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lubica Rauova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gavin Koma
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Li
- Center For Advanced Proteomics Research, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and
| | - Tong Liu
- Center For Advanced Proteomics Research, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and
| | - Karen P Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joel S Bennett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David W Essex
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Schrottmaier WC, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Kral-Pointner JB, Assinger A. PI3K Isoform Signalling in Platelets. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:255-285. [PMID: 36243848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are unique anucleated blood cells that constantly patrol the vasculature to seal and prevent injuries in a process termed haemostasis. Thereby they rapidly adhere to the subendothelial matrix and recruit further platelets, resulting in platelet aggregates. Apart from their central role in haemostasis, they also kept some of their features inherited by their evolutionary ancestor-the haemocyte, which was also involved in immune defences. Together with leukocytes, platelets fight pathogenic invaders and guide many immune processes. In addition, they rely on several signalling pathways which are also relevant to immune cells. Among these, one of the central signalling hubs is the PI3K pathway. Signalling processes in platelets are unique as they lack a nucleus and therefore transcriptional regulation is absent. As a result, PI3K subclasses fulfil distinct roles in platelets compared to other cells. In contrast to leukocytes, the central PI3K subclass in platelet signalling is PI3K class Iβ, which underlines the uniqueness of this cell type and opens new ways for potential platelet-specific pharmacologic inhibition. An overview of platelet function and signalling with emphasis on PI3K subclasses and their respective inhibitors is given in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent. Biochem J 2021; 478:1199-1225. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
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7
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinases in platelets, thrombosis and therapeutics. Biochem J 2021; 477:4327-4342. [PMID: 33242335 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge on the expression, regulation and roles of the different phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in platelet signaling and functions has greatly expanded these last twenty years. Much progress has been made in understanding the roles and regulations of class I PI3Ks which produce the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). Selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetic approaches have allowed researchers to generate an impressive amount of data on the role of class I PI3Kα, β, δ and γ in platelet activation and in thrombosis. Furthermore, platelets do also express two class II PI3Ks (PI3KC2α and PI3KC2β), thought to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns3P, and the sole class III PI3K (Vps34), known to synthesize PtdIns3P. Recent studies have started to reveal the importance of PI3KC2α and Vps34 in megakaryocytes and platelets, opening new perspective in our comprehension of platelet biology and thrombosis. In this review, we will summarize previous and recent advances on platelet PI3Ks isoforms. The implication of these kinases and their lipid products in fundamental platelet biological processes and thrombosis will be discussed. Finally, the relevance of developing potential antithrombotic strategies by targeting PI3Ks will be examined.
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The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors synergize with nitric oxide and prostacyclin to reduce human platelet activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114276. [PMID: 33039417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gliflozins (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) are the newest anti-hyperglycemic class and have offered cardiovascular and renal benefits. Because platelets are involved in the atherothrombosis process, this study is aimed to evaluate the direct effect of gliflozins on platelet reactivity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or washed platelets (WP) were obtained from healthy volunteers. Aggregation, flow cytometry for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, cyclic nucleotides and intracellular calcium levels, Western blot, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) measurement and COX-1 activity were performed in the presence of gliflozins (1-30 μM) alone or in combination with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10 or 100 nM) + iloprost (ILO, 0.1 or 1 nM). SGLT2 protein is not expressed on human platelets. Gliflozins produced little inhibitory effect in agonists-induced aggregation and this effect was greatly potentiated by ~10-fold in the presence of SNP + ILO, accompanied by lower levels of TXB2 (58.1 ± 5.1%, 47.1 ± 7.2% and 43.4 ± 9.2% inhibition for canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, respectively). The activity of COX-1 was not affected by gliflozins. Collagen increased Ca2+ levels and α(IIb)β(3) activation, both of which were significantly reduced by gliflozins + SNP + ILO. The intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP and the protein expression of p-VASPSer157 and p-VASPSer239 were not increased by gliflozins while the expression of the serine-threonine kinase, AktSer473 was markedly reduced. Our results showed that the antiplatelet activity of gliflozins were greatly enhanced by nitric oxide and prostacyclin, thus suggesting that the cardiovascular protection seen by this class of drugs could be in part due to platelet inhibition.
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Huang M, Wu H, Wu J, Chen Q, Zou D, Xu D. Prevention of platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis using a modified Shenzhu Guanxin Formula. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520941326. [PMID: 33086881 PMCID: PMC7586491 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520941326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modified Shenzhu Guanxin Formula (mSGF) has beneficial effects in coronary artery disease. Previously, we found that mSGF inhibited platelet aggregation in rats. In the present study we further investigated the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of mSGF in rats. METHODS Rats were orally administered mSGF (4.2, 8.4, or 16.8 g crude drug/kg), the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist clopidogrel (7.875 mg/kg), or saline once a day for 7 days. The effects of mSGF on platelet aggregation were measured. Levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling were analyzed by ELISA and western blotting, respectively. The antithrombotic effect of mSGF was investigated using a FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model and effects on bleeding time were assessed in a rat tail transection model. RESULTS mSGF significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, elevated cAMP levels and inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt). Moreover, mSGF dose-dependently inhibited thrombosis in a FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombus model and had a significantly smaller effect on bleeding time compared with clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS mSGF represents a potent and safe antithrombotic agent whose antiplatelet activity is probably mediated through blockade of PI3K/Akt signaling and increased cAMP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, P.R. China
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Jee Y, Lee SH, Kim S. Characterization of Integrin αIIbβ3-Mediated Outside-in Signaling by Protein Kinase Cδ in Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186563. [PMID: 32911704 PMCID: PMC7555476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of integrin αIIbβ3 promotes platelet-platelet interaction and stimulates outside-in signaling that amplifies activation. Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is known to play an important role in platelet activation, but its role in outside-in signaling has not been established. In the present study, we determined the role of PKCδ and its signaling pathways in integrin αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling in platelets using PKCδ-deficient platelets. Platelet spreading to immobilized fibrinogen resulted in PKCδ phosphorylation, suggesting that αIIbβ3 activation caused PKCδ activation. αIIbβ3-mediated phosphorylation of Akt was significantly inhibited in PKCδ -/- platelets, indicating a role of PKCδ in outside-in signaling. αIIbβ3-mediated PKCδ phosphorylation was inhibited by proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) selective inhibitor, suggesting that Pyk2 contributes to the regulation of PKCδ phosphorylation in outside-in signaling. Additionally, Src-family kinase inhibitor PP2 inhibited integrin-mediated Pyk2 and PKCδ phosphorylation. Lastly, platelet spreading was inhibited in PKCδ -/- platelets compared to the wild-type (WT) platelets, and clot retraction from PKCδ -/- platelets was markedly delayed, indicating that PKCδ is involved in the regulation of αIIbβ3-dependent interactivities with cytoskeleton elements. Together, these results provide evidence that PKCδ plays an important role in outside-in signaling, which is regulated by Pyk2 in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Sanggu Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Youngheun Jee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Soochong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-249-1846
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11
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Bourgot I, Primac I, Louis T, Noël A, Maquoi E. Reciprocal Interplay Between Fibrillar Collagens and Collagen-Binding Integrins: Implications in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1488. [PMID: 33014790 PMCID: PMC7461916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are complex ecosystems composed of malignant cells embedded in an intricate microenvironment made of different non-transformed cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The tumor microenvironment is governed by constantly evolving cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, which are now recognized as key actors in the genesis, progression and treatment of cancer lesions. The ECM is composed of a multitude of fibrous proteins, matricellular-associated proteins, and proteoglycans. This complex structure plays critical roles in cancer progression: it functions as the scaffold for tissues organization and provides biochemical and biomechanical signals that regulate key cancer hallmarks including cell growth, survival, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune response. Cells sense the biochemical and mechanical properties of the ECM through specialized transmembrane receptors that include integrins, discoidin domain receptors, and syndecans. Advanced stages of several carcinomas are characterized by a desmoplastic reaction characterized by an extensive deposition of fibrillar collagens in the microenvironment. This compact network of fibrillar collagens promotes cancer progression and metastasis, and is associated with low survival rates for cancer patients. In this review, we highlight how fibrillar collagens and their corresponding integrin receptors are modulated during cancer progression. We describe how the deposition and alignment of collagen fibers influence the tumor microenvironment and how fibrillar collagen-binding integrins expressed by cancer and stromal cells critically contribute in cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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12
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Canino J, Guidetti GF, Galgano L, Vismara M, Minetti G, Torti M, Canobbio I. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 modulates integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion and reactive oxygen species generation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118799. [PMID: 32693110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are first responders in infection and inflammation. They are able to roll, adhere and transmigrate through the endothelium to reach the site of infection, where they fight pathogens through secretion of granule contents, production of reactive oxygen species, extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps, and phagocytosis. In this study we explored the role of the non-receptor focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 in neutrophil adhesion and activation. Using a specific Pyk2 pharmacological inhibitor, PF-4594755, as well as Pyk2-deficient murine neutrophils, we found that Pyk2 is activated upon integrin αMβ2-mediated neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen. This process is triggered by Src family kinases-mediated phosphorylation and supported by Pyk2 autophosphorylation on Y402. In neutrophil adherent to fibrinogen, Pyk2 activates PI3K-dependent pathways promoting the phosphorylation of Akt and of its downstream effector GSK3. Pyk2 also dynamically regulates MAP kinases in fibrinogen-adherent neutrophils, as it stimulates p38MAPK but negatively regulates ERK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 significantly prevented adhesion of human neutrophils to fibrinogen, and neutrophils from Pyk2-knockout mice showed a reduced ability to adhere compared to wildtype cells. Accordingly, neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen was reduced upon inhibition of p38MAPK but potentiated by ERK1/2 inhibition. Neutrophil adherent to fibrinogen, but not to polylysine, were able to produce ROS upon lipopolysaccharide challenge and ROS production was completely suppressed upon inhibition of Pyk2. By contrast PMA-induced ROS production by neutrophil adherent to either fibrinogen or polylysine was independent from Pyk2. Altogether these results demonstrate that Pyk2 is an important effector in the coordinated puzzle regulating neutrophil adhesion and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Galgano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy.
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Murphy JM, Jeong K, Lim STS. FAK Family Kinases in Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103630. [PMID: 32455571 PMCID: PMC7279255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In various vascular diseases, extracellular matrix (ECM) and integrin expression are frequently altered, leading to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) activation. In addition to the major roles of FAK and Pyk2 in regulating adhesion dynamics via integrins, recent studies have shown a new role for nuclear FAK in gene regulation in various vascular cells. In particular, FAK primarily localizes within the nuclei of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of healthy arteries. However, vessel injury increased FAK localization back to adhesions and elevated FAK activity, leading to VSMC hyperplasia. The study suggested that abnormal FAK or Pyk2 activation in vascular cells may cause pathology in vascular diseases. Here we will review several studies of FAK and Pyk2 associated with integrin signaling in vascular diseases including restenosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, aneurysm, and thrombosis. Despite the importance of FAK family kinases in vascular diseases, comprehensive reviews are scarce. Therefore, we summarized animal models involving FAK family kinases in vascular diseases.
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14
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Liu J, Qin L, Wang Z, Peng L, Liu J, Wang X, Du R, Zou Y, Wu Y, Yin T. Platelet-derived miRNAs as determinants of the antiplatelet response in clopidogrel-treated patients with ACS. Thromb Res 2019; 186:71-74. [PMID: 31891827 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liuan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rina Du
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangxun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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15
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Torti M, Manganaro D, Visconte C, Zarà M, Canino J, Vismara M, Canobbio I, Guidetti GF. Stimulation of mTORC2 by integrin αIIbβ3 is required for PI3Kβ-dependent activation of Akt but is dispensable for platelet spreading on fibrinogen. Platelets 2019; 31:521-529. [PMID: 31509054 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1663806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) is a major player in platelet activation and regulates thrombus formation and stabilization. The β isoform of PI3K is implicated in integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, is required for the phosphorylation of Akt, and controls efficient platelet spreading upon adhesion to fibrinogen. In this study we found that during integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling PI3Kβ-dependent phosphorylation of Akt on Serine473 is mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). The activity of mTORC2 is stimulated upon platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, as documented by increased autophosphorylation. However, mTORC2 activation downstream of integrin αIIbβ3 is PI3Kβ-independent. Inhibition of mTORC2, but not mTORC1, also prevents Akt phosphorylation of Threonine308 and affects Akt activity, resulting in the inhibition of GSK3α/β phosphorylation. Nevertheless, mTORC2 or Akt inhibition does not alter PI3Kβ-dependent platelet spreading on fibrinogen. The activation of the small GTPase Rap1b downstream of integrin αIIbβ3 is regulated by PI3Kβ but is not affected upon inhibition of either mTORC2 or Akt. Altogether, these results demonstrate for the first time the activation of mTORC2 and its involvement in Akt phosphorylation and stimulation during integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the mTORC2/Akt pathway is dispensable for PI3Kβ-regulated platelet spreading on fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy.,University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS) , Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
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16
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Abstract
The vasculature is a dynamic environment in which blood platelets constantly survey the endothelium for sites of vessel damage. The formation of a mechanically coherent hemostatic plug to prevent blood loss relies on a coordinated series of ligand-receptor interactions governing the recruitment, activation, and aggregation of platelets. The physical biology of each step is distinct in that the recruitment of platelets depends on the mechanosensing of the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib for the adhesive protein von Willebrand factor, whereas platelet activation and aggregation are responsive to the mechanical forces sensed at adhesive junctions between platelets and at the platelet-matrix interface. Herein we take a biophysical perspective to discuss the current understanding of platelet mechanotransduction as well as the measurement techniques used to quantify the physical biology of platelets in the context of thrombus formation under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Hansen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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17
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Effect of Furostanol Saponins from Allium Macrostemon Bunge Bulbs on Platelet Aggregation Rate and PI3K/Akt Pathway in the Rat Model of Coronary Heart Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9107847. [PMID: 31341503 PMCID: PMC6612384 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the effect of Furostanol Saponins from Allium Macrostemon Bunge Bulbs (FSAMB) on platelet aggregation rate of rats with coronary heart disease and discuss the mechanism of FSAMB affecting the platelet aggregation rate through PI3K/Akt pathway. We established the rat models with coronary heart disease (CHD) and prepared the platelet-rich plasma. The effect of different concentrations of FSAMB on platelet aggregation in SD rats induced by ADP was observed in vitro and in vivo. And Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase-MB Form (CK-MB), and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) are detected in the blood to know the level of damage to heart cells. The expansion of platelets in the immobilized fibrinogen in different concentrations of FSAMB was observed. Western blot was conducted to detect the phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (also known as Akt) and the expression level of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). We found that FSAMB had a significant inhibitory effect on the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Intragastric administration of FSAMB also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rats. LDH, CK-MB, and cTnI levels in serum of rats in FSAMB (672 mg/kg) group were lower than those in the model control group after the intervention (P<0.01 or P<0.05). FSAMB inhibited the expansion of platelets on immobilized fibrinogen. Also, FSAMB inhibited ADP-induced platelet PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation. The inhibition of Akt phosphorylation by FSAMB was more obvious after the inhibition of the expression of PI3K. This study demonstrated that FSAMB can reduce the degree of myocardial cell damage and inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in SD rats, possibly by inhibiting platelet PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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18
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Guidetti GF, Torti M, Canobbio I. Focal Adhesion Kinases in Platelet Function and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:857-868. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase family includes 2 homolog members, FAK and Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), primarily known for their roles in nucleated cells as regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. FAK and Pyk2 are also expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets and are activated by soluble agonists and on adhesion to the subendothelial matrix. Despite high sequence homology and similar molecular organization, FAK and Pyk2 play different roles in platelet function. Whereas FAK serves mostly as a traditional focal adhesion kinase activated downstream of integrins, Pyk2 coordinates multiple signals from different receptors. FAK, but not Pyk2, is involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. In circulating platelets, FAK is recruited by integrin αIIbβ3 to regulate hemostasis, whereas it plays minimal roles in thrombosis. By contrast, Pyk2 is implicated in platelet activation and is an important regulator of thrombosis. The direct activation of Pyk2 by calcium ions provides a connection between GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) and Src family kinases. In this review, we provide the comprehensive overview of >20 years of investigations on the role and regulation of focal adhesion kinases in blood platelets, highlighting common and distinctive features of FAK and Pyk2 in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Torti
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
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19
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Bresnick AR, Backer JM. PI3Kβ-A Versatile Transducer for GPCR, RTK, and Small GTPase Signaling. Endocrinology 2019; 160:536-555. [PMID: 30601996 PMCID: PMC6375709 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family includes eight distinct catalytic subunits and seven regulatory subunits. Only two PI3Ks are directly regulated downstream from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): the class I enzymes PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ. Both enzymes produce phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisposphate in vivo and are regulated by both heterotrimeric G proteins and small GTPases from the Ras or Rho families. However, PI3Kβ is also regulated by direct interactions with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their tyrosine phosphorylated substrates, and similar to the class II and III PI3Ks, it binds activated Rab5. The unusually complex regulation of PI3Kβ by small and trimeric G proteins and RTKs leads to a rich landscape of signaling responses at the cellular and organismic levels. This review focuses first on the regulation of PI3Kβ activity in vitro and in cells, and then summarizes the biology of PI3Kβ signaling in distinct tissues and in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Correspondence: Anne R. Bresnick, PhD, or Jonathan M. Backer, MD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461. E-mail: or
| | - Jonathan M Backer
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Correspondence: Anne R. Bresnick, PhD, or Jonathan M. Backer, MD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461. E-mail: or
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20
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Qin H, Liu L, Sun S, Zhang D, Sheng J, Li B, Yang W. The impact of PI3K inhibitors on breast cancer cell and its tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5092. [PMID: 29942710 PMCID: PMC6014315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway shows frequent aberrant alterations and pathological activation in breast cancer cells. While PI3K inhibitors have not achieved expectant therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, and several studies provide promising combination strategies to substantially maximize therapeutic outcomes. Besides its direct impact on regulating cancer cells survival, PI3K inhibitors are also demonstrated to have an immunomodulatory impact based on the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of the leukocyte-enriched PI3K isoforms may break immune tolerance and restore cytotoxic T cell activity by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. In addition, PI3K inhibitors have pleiotropic effects on tumor angiogenesis and even induce tumor vascular normalization. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of PI3K inhibitor suppression of breast cancer cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment in order to provide further thoughts for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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21
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Zarà M, Canobbio I, Visconte C, Di Nunzio G, Torti M, Guidetti G. Novel pharmacological inhibitors demonstrate the role of the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in adhesion and aggregation of human platelets. Thromb Haemost 2017; 116:904-917. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-01-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPyk2 is a Ca2+-regulated kinase predominantly expressed in neuronal and in haematopoietic cells. Previous studies on Pyk2-null mice have demonstrated that Pyk2 plays a crucial role in platelet activation and thrombus formation, thus representing a possible target for antithrombotic therapy. Very limited information is available about the role of Pyk2 in human platelets, mainly because of the lack of specific pharmacological inhibitors. In this work, we have tested two novel Pyk2 inhibitors, PF-4594755 and PF-4520440, to validate their specificity and to investigate their ability to modulate platelet activation. Both molecules were able to efficiently block Pyk2 activity in human and mouse platelets stimulated with thrombin or with the Ca2+-ionophore. In wild-type murine platelets, PF-4594755 and PF-4520440 reduced thrombin-induced aggregation to the level observed in Pyk2 knockout platelets, but did not affect aggregation induced by GPVI stimulation. Importantly, neither compounds affected the residual thrombin-induced aggregation of Pyk2-null platelets, thus excluding possible off-target effects. In human platelets, PF-4594755 and PF-4520440 significantly reduced aggregation stimulated by thrombin, but not by the GPVI agonist convulxin. Both inhibitors reduced platelet adhesion on fibrinogen and prevented Akt phosphorylation in adherent cells, indicating that Pyk2 regulates PI3K and cell spreading downstream of integrins in human platelets. Finally, the Pyk2 inhibitors significantly inhibited thrombus formation upon blood perfusion on immobilized collagen under arterial flow rate. These results demonstrate that PF-4594755 and PF-4520440 are specific inhibitors of Pyk2 in intact platelets and allowed to reliably document that this kinase plays a relevant role in human platelet activation.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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22
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Huang CW, Hsieh WC, Hsu ST, Lin YW, Chung YH, Chang WC, Chiu H, Lin YH, Wu CP, Yen TC, Huang FT. The Use of PET Imaging for Prognostic Integrin α 2β 1 Phenotyping to Detect Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Monitor Drug Resistance Responses. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4013-4028. [PMID: 29109795 PMCID: PMC5667422 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Growing evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of integrin α2β1 might contribute to the invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, the integrin α2β1 targeting 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1 tracer was validated in NSCLC in contrast to accumulation of the clinically used 18F-FDG PET tracer to see if 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1-PET imaging can offer a valuable and critical diagnostic imaging criterion for the identification of phenotypes of aggressive lung cancer. METHODS: To verify the prognostic value of integrin α2β1, several quantitative and functional in vitro assays were validated in different NSCLC cell lines (CL1-0, CL1-5, A549 and selected A549++ cells). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies using both standard 18F-FDG and a newly developed 68Ga-labeled integrin α2β1 (68Ga-DOTA-A2B1) tracer were sequentially performed on mice with lung tumor xenografts in different anatomic locations (subcutaneous, orthotopic and osseous) to validate the targeting capability of the 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1 tracers. Treatment responses were monitored by injecting animals with metastatic bone tumors with 5 mg/kg doxorubicin. All in vivo treatment responses in each treatment subgroup were monitored with a PET imaging system to evaluate the up-regulation of integrin expression at the earliest stage of treatment (6 h). RESULTS: The PET and computed tomography (CT) images from NSCLC xenograft animals unambiguously demonstrated accumulation of the integrin tracer 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1 in the tumor lesions at all locations. The average tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal (T/N) ratio were 2.51 ± 0.56 %ID/g and T/N = 2.82, 3.40 ± 0.42 %ID/g and T/N = 1.52, and 1.58 ± 0.108 %ID/g and T/N = 2.31 in subcutaneous, orthotopic and osseous tumors, respectively (n = 5; p < 0.05). The xenograft tumors were all clearly visible. In contrast, the accumulation of 18F-FDG reached 3.6 ± 0.76 %ID/g, 1.39 ± 0.075 %ID/g and 3.78 ± 0.73 %ID/g in subcutaneous, orthotopic and osseous tumors, respectively (n = 5; p < 0.05). However, due to the high background uptake by normal tissue, the T/N values were less than or close to 1, making the tumors almost indistinguishable in the PET imaging analysis. Furthermore, 68Ga-DOTA-A2B1-PET imaging of the treated osseous tumor model demonstrated more than 19% tracer uptake in A549 lesions (1.72 ± 0.95 %ID/g vs. pretreatment 1.44 ± 0.12 %ID/g,p = 0. 015) 6 h post-treatment with doxorubicin. The elevated intensity of tracer uptake was in accordance with the results of in vitroWestern blot and ex vivo integrin staining, demonstrating elevated integrin α2β1 expression. CONCLUSION: In this study, integrin α2β1 was identified as a biomarker of aggressive malignant NSCLC. Thus, efforts should be devoted to validating integrin α2β1 as a potential target for non-invasive diagnosis and as a predictive marker for monitoring treatment responses using a preclinical PET imaging system.
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23
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Battram AM, Durrant TN, Agbani EO, Heesom KJ, Paul DS, Piatt R, Poole AW, Cullen PJ, Bergmeier W, Moore SF, Hers I. The Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) Binder Rasa3 Regulates Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent Integrin αIIbβ3 Outside-in Signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1691-1704. [PMID: 27903653 PMCID: PMC5290945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The class I PI3K family of lipid kinases plays an important role in integrin αIIbβ3 function, thereby supporting thrombus growth and consolidation. Here, we identify Ras/Rap1GAP Rasa3 (GAP1IP4BP) as a major phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding protein in human platelets and a key regulator of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. We demonstrate that cytosolic Rasa3 translocates to the plasma membrane in a PI3K-dependent manner upon activation of human platelets. Expression of wild-type Rasa3 in integrin αIIbβ3-expressing CHO cells blocked Rap1 activity and integrin αIIbβ3-mediated spreading on fibrinogen. In contrast, Rap1GAP-deficient (P489V) and Ras/Rap1GAP-deficient (R371Q) Rasa3 had no effect. We furthermore show that two Rasa3 mutants (H794L and G125V), which are expressed in different mouse models of thrombocytopenia, lack both Ras and Rap1GAP activity and do not affect integrin αIIbβ3-mediated spreading of CHO cells on fibrinogen. Platelets from thrombocytopenic mice expressing GAP-deficient Rasa3 (H794L) show increased spreading on fibrinogen, which in contrast to wild-type platelets is insensitive to PI3K inhibitors. Together, these results support an important role for Rasa3 in PI3K-dependent integrin αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling and cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Battram
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom N Durrant
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ejaife O Agbani
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - David S Paul
- the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Raymond Piatt
- the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Alastair W Poole
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Samantha F Moore
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- From the School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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24
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Canobbio I, Visconte C, Oliviero B, Guidetti G, Zarà M, Pula G, Torti M. Increased platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1863-1871. [PMID: 27593518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunctions and Alzheimer's disease show significant similarities and overlaps. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes) increase the risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, Alzheimer's patients have considerably increased predisposition of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Platelets are major players in haemostasis and thrombosis and are involved in inflammation. We have investigated morphology and function of platelets in 3xTg-AD animals, a consolidate murine model for Alzheimer's disease. Platelets from aged 3xTg-AD mice are normal in number and glycoprotein expression, but adhere more avidly on matrices such as fibrillar collagen, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and amyloid peptides compared to platelets from age-matching wild type mice. 3xTg-AD washed platelets adherent to collagen also show increased phosphorylation of selected signaling proteins, including tyrosine kinase Pyk2, PI3 kinase effector Akt, p38MAP kinase and myosin light chain kinase, and increased ability to form thrombi under shear. In contrast, aggregation and integrin αIIbβ3 activation induced by several agonists in 3xTg-AD mice are similar to wild type platelets. These results demonstrated that Alzheimer's mutations result in a significant hyper-activated state of circulating platelets, evident with the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- Research Laboratories, Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianni Guidetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giordano Pula
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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25
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Münzer P, Walker-Allgaier B, Geue S, Geuss E, Hron G, Rath D, Eißler D, Winter S, Schaeffeler E, Meinert M, Schaller M, Greinacher A, Schwab M, Geisler T, Kleinschnitz C, Lang F, Gawaz M, Borst O. PDK1 Determines Collagen-Dependent Platelet Ca
2+
Signaling and Is Critical to Development of Ischemic Stroke In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1507-16. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Activation of platelets by subendothelial collagen results in an increase of cytosolic Ca
2+
concentration ([Ca
2+
]
i
) and is followed by platelet activation and thrombus formation that may lead to vascular occlusion. The present study determined the role of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in collagen-dependent platelet Ca
2+
signaling and ischemic stroke in vivo.
Approach and Results—
Platelet activation with collagen receptor glycoprotein VI agonists collagen-related peptide or convulxin resulted in a significant increase in PDK1 activity independent of second-wave signaling. PDK1 deficiency was associated with reduced platelet phospholipase Cγ2–dependent inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate production and intracellular [Ca
2+
]
i
in response to stimulation with collagen-related peptide or convulxin. The defective increase of [Ca
2+
]
i
resulted in a substantial defect in activation-dependent platelet secretion and aggregation on collagen-related peptide stimulation. Furthermore, Rac1 activation and spreading, adhesion to collagen, and thrombus formation under high arterial shear rates were significantly diminished in PDK1-deficient platelets. Mice with PDK1-deficient platelets were protected against arterial thrombotic occlusion after FeCl
3
-induced mesenteric arterioles injury and ischemic stroke in vivo. These mice had significantly reduced brain infarct volumes, with a significantly increased survival of 7 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion without increase of intracerebral hemorrhage. Tail bleeding time was prolonged in
pdk1
−/−
mice, reflecting an important role of PDK1 in primary hemostasis.
Conclusions—
PDK1 is required for Ca
2+
-dependent platelet activation on stimulation of collagen receptor glycoprotein VI, arterial thrombotic occlusion, and ischemic stroke in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Münzer
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Britta Walker-Allgaier
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Sascha Geue
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Eva Geuss
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Gregor Hron
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Dominik Rath
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Daniela Eißler
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Stefan Winter
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Monika Meinert
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Martin Schaller
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Matthias Schwab
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Tobias Geisler
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Florian Lang
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
| | - Oliver Borst
- From the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.M., B.W.-A., S.G., D.R., D.E., T.G., M.G., O.B.), Department of Physiology (B.W.-A., F.L.), Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute for Evolution and Ecology (M.M.), Department of Dermatology (M.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.); Institute for Immunology and Transfusion
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26
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Paone C, Rodrigues N, Ittner E, Santos C, Buntru A, Hauck CR. The Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 Contributes to Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis in Murine Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:437-51. [PMID: 26848986 PMCID: PMC6738876 DOI: 10.1159/000442944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is a member of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family and is mainly expressed in neuronal and hematopoietic cells. As FAK family members are involved in signaling connections downstream of integrins, we studied the role of Pyk2 in complement-receptor 3 (CR3, also known as Mac-1, integrin αMβ2, CD11b/CD18)-mediated phagocytosis, a key process in innate immunity. Using 3 independent approaches, we observed that Pyk2 contributes to CR3-dependent phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophages, but is dispensable for Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated uptake. Reduction of Pyk2 expression levels via siRNA, the pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 kinase activity as well as macrophage treatment with a cell permeable TAT fusion protein containing the C-terminus of Pyk2 (TAT-PRNK) significantly impaired CR3-mediated phagocytosis without affecting FcγR-mediated uptake. In addition, Pyk2 was strongly recruited to complement opsonized Escherichia coli and the pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 significantly decreased uptake of the bacteria. Finally, CRISPR/Cas-mediated disruption of the pyk2 gene in RAW 264.7 macrophages confirmed the role of this protein tyrosine kinase in CR3-mediated phagocytosis. Together, our data demonstrate that Pyk2 selectively contributes to the coordination of phagocytosis-promoting signals downstream of CR3, but is dispensable for FcγR-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Paone
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School, Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Ella Ittner
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Buntru
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School, Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R. Hauck
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School, Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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27
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Valet C, Severin S, Chicanne G, Laurent PA, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Gratacap MP, Payrastre B. The role of class I, II and III PI 3-kinases in platelet production and activation and their implication in thrombosis. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 61:33-41. [PMID: 26714793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets play a pivotal role in haemostasis and are strongly involved in arterial thrombosis, a leading cause of death worldwide. Besides their critical role in pathophysiology, platelets represent a valuable model to investigate, both in vitro and in vivo, the biological roles of different branches of the phosphoinositide metabolism, which is highly active in platelets. While the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway has a crucial role in platelet activation, it is now well established that at least one class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is also mandatory for proper platelet functions. Except class II PI3Kγ, all other isoforms of PI3Ks (class I α, β, γ, δ; class II α, β and class III) are expressed in platelets. Class I PI3Ks have been extensively studied in different models over the past few decades and several isoforms are promising drug targets to treat cancer and immune diseases. In platelet activation, it has been shown that while class I PI3Kδ plays a minor role, class I PI3Kβ has an important function particularly in thrombus growth and stability under high shear stress conditions found in stenotic arteries. This class I PI3K is a potentially interesting target for antithrombotic strategies. The role of class I PI3Kα remains ill defined in platelets. Herein, we will discuss our recent data showing the potential impact of inhibitors of this kinase on thrombus formation. The role of class II PI3Kα and β as well as class III PI3K (Vps34) in platelet production and function is just emerging. Based on our data and those very recently published in the literature, we will discuss the impact of these three PI3K isoforms in platelet production and functions and in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Valet
- Inserm U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Sonia Severin
- Inserm U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Inserm U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 04, France; CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
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28
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Viaud J, Payrastre B. [Phosphoinositides: the lipids coordinating cell dynamics]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:996-1005. [PMID: 26576607 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the glycerophospholipid family, phosphoinositides, which are minor components of eukaryotic cell membranes, play a critical role as spatiotemporal organizers of cell dynamics. By specifically interacting with proteins, they coordinate the formation and the organization of multiprotein complexes involved in cell signaling, intracellular trafficking and cytoskeleton rearrangement. The highly precise spatiotemporal dynamics of phosphoinositides-regulated mechanisms is ensured by kinases and phosphatases that specifically produce, hydrolyze and control the interconversion of these lipids. The direct implication of these enzymes in human pathologies such as genetic diseases, cancer or infectious pathologies, and the recent arrival of inhibitors targeting some phosphoinositide kinases in clinic, illustrate the mandatory functions of these fascinating lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Viaud
- Inserm UMR 1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm UMR 1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 04, France - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, laboratoire d'hématologie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
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29
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Viaud J, Mansour R, Antkowiak A, Mujalli A, Valet C, Chicanne G, Xuereb JM, Terrisse AD, Séverin S, Gratacap MP, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B. Phosphoinositides: Important lipids in the coordination of cell dynamics. Biochimie 2015; 125:250-8. [PMID: 26391221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
By interacting specifically with proteins, phosphoinositides organize the spatiotemporal formation of protein complexes involved in the control of intracellular signaling, vesicular trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics. A set of specific kinases and phosphatases ensures the production, degradation and inter-conversion of phosphoinositides to achieve a high level of precision in the regulation of cellular dynamics coordinated by these lipids. The direct involvement of these enzymes in cancer, genetic or infectious diseases, and the recent arrival of inhibitors targeting specific phosphoinositide kinases in clinic, emphasize the importance of these lipids and their metabolism in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Viaud
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
| | - Rana Mansour
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Adrien Antkowiak
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Colin Valet
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Jean-Marie Xuereb
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Terrisse
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Sonia Séverin
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gratacap
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
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30
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The focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 links Ca2+ signalling to Src family kinase activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Biochem J 2015; 469:199-210. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We address the mechanism for Src family kinases activation downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in thrombin-stimulated blood platelets and we describe a novel interplay between Pyk2 and the Src kinases Fyn and Lyn in the regulation of Ca2+-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphorylation.
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31
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Guidetti GF, Canobbio I, Torti M. PI3K/Akt in platelet integrin signaling and implications in thrombosis. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:36-52. [PMID: 26159296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are anucleated circulating cells that play a critical role in hemostasis and are also implicated in arterial thrombosis, a major cause of death worldwide. The biological function of platelets strongly relies in their reactiveness to a variety of extracellular agonists that regulate their adhesion to extracellular matrix at the site of vascular injury and their ability to form rapidly growing cell aggregates. Among the membrane receptors expressed on the cell surface, integrins are crucial for both platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation. Integrin affinity for specific ligands is regulated by intracellular signaling pathways activated in stimulated platelets, and, once engaged, integrins themselves generate and propagate signals inside the cells to reinforce and consolidate platelet response and thrombus formation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (PI3Ks) have emerged as crucial players in platelet activation, and they are directly implicated in the regulation of integrin function. This review will discuss the contribution of PI3Ks in platelet integrin signaling, focusing on the role of specific members of class I PI3Ks and their downstream effector Akt on both integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling. The contribution of the PI3K/Akt pathways stimulated by integrin engagement and platelet activation in thrombus formation and stabilization will also be discussed in order to highlight the possibility to target these enzymes in effective anti-thrombotic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni F Guidetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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32
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Kuijpers MJ, Mattheij NJ, Cipolla L, van Geffen JP, Lawrence T, Donners MM, Boon L, Lievens D, Torti M, Noels H, Gerdes N, Cosemans JM, Lutgens E, Heemskerk JW. Platelet CD40L Modulates Thrombus Growth Via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase β, and Not Via CD40 and IκB Kinase α. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1374-81. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To investigate the roles and signaling pathways of CD40L and CD40 in platelet–platelet interactions and thrombus formation under conditions relevant for atherothrombosis.
Approach and Results—
Platelets from mice prone to atherosclerosis lacking CD40L (
Cd40lg
−/−
Apoe
−/−
) showed diminished α
IIb
β
3
activation and α-granule secretion in response to glycoprotein VI stimulation, whereas these responses of CD40-deficient platelets (
Cd40
−/−
Apoe
−/−
) were not decreased. Using blood from
Cd40lg
−/−
Apoe
−/−
and
Cd40
−/−
Apoe
−/−
mice, the glycoprotein VI-dependent formation of dense thrombi was impaired on atherosclerotic plaque material or on collagen, in comparison with
Apoe
−/−
blood. In all genotypes, addition of CD40L to the blood enhanced the growth of dense thrombi on plaques and collagen. Similarly, CD40L enhanced glycoprotein VI–induced platelet aggregation, even with platelets deficient in CD40. This potentiation was antagonized in
Pik3cb
R/R
platelets or by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β (PI3Kβ). Addition of CD40L also enhanced collagen-induced Akt phosphorylation, which was again antagonized by absence or inhibition of PI3Kβ. Finally, platelets from
Chuk1
A/A
Apoe
−/−
mice deficient in IκB kinase α (IKKα), implicated in CD40 signaling to nuclear factor (NF) κB, showed unchanged responses to CD40L in aggregation or thrombus formation.
Conclusions—
Under atherogenic conditions, CD40L enhances collagen-induced platelet–platelet interactions by supporting integrin α
IIb
β
3
activation, secretion and thrombus growth via PI3Kβ, but not via CD40 and IKKα/NFκB. This role of CD40L exceeds the no more than modest role of CD40 in thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke J.E. Kuijpers
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Nadine J.A. Mattheij
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Lina Cipolla
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Johanna P. van Geffen
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Toby Lawrence
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Marjo M.P.C. Donners
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Louis Boon
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Dirk Lievens
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Mauro Torti
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Heidi Noels
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Judith M.E.M. Cosemans
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Esther Lutgens
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
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33
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Manganaro D, Consonni A, Guidetti GF, Canobbio I, Visconte C, Kim S, Okigaki M, Falasca M, Hirsch E, Kunapuli SP, Torti M. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β by the platelet collagen receptors integrin α2β1 and GPVI: The role of Pyk2 and c-Cbl. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1879-88. [PMID: 25960397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseβ (PI3Kβ) plays a predominant role in integrin outside-in signaling and in platelet activation by GPVI engagement. We have shown that the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 mediates PI3Kβ activation downstream of integrin αIIbβ3, and promotes the phosphorylation of the PI3K-associated adaptor protein c-Cbl. In this study, we compared the functional correlation between Pyk2 and PI3Kβ upon recruitment of the two main platelet collagen receptors, integrin α2β1 and GPVI. PI3Kβ-mediated phosphorylation of Akt was inhibited in Pyk2-deficient platelets adherent to monomeric collagen through integrin α2β1, but occurred normally upon GPVI ligation. Integrin α2β1 engagement led to Pyk2-independent association of c-Cbl with PI3K. However, c-Cbl was not phosphorylated in adherent platelets, and phosphorylation of Akt occurred normally in c-Cbl-deficient platelets, indicating that the c-Cbl is dispensable for Pyk2-mediated PI3Kβ activation. Stimulation of platelets with CRP, a selective GPVI ligand, induced c-Cbl phosphorylation in the absence of Pyk2, but failed to promote its association with PI3K. Pyk2 activation was completely abrogated in PI3KβKD, but not in PI3KγKD platelets, and was strongly inhibited by Src kinases and phospholipase C inhibitors, and by BAPTA-AM. The absence of PI3Kβ activity also hampered GPVI-induced tyrosine-phosphorylation and activation of PLCγ2, preventing intracellular Ca2+ increase and phosphorylation of pleckstrin. Moreover, GPVI-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase and pleckstrin phosphorylation were also strongly inhibited in human platelets treated with the PI3Kβ inhibitor TGX-221. These results outline important differences in the regulation of PI3Kβ by GPVI and integrin α2β1 and suggest that inhibition of Pyk2 may target PI3Kβ activation in a selective context of platelet stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Manganaro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianni F Guidetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Soochong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Mitsuhiko Okigaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy.
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34
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Laurent et al demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β (PI3Kβ) activity is essential for thrombus stability at a high shear rate, highlighting a potential risk of embolization upon PI3Kβ inhibition.
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35
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Burke JE, Williams RL. Synergy in activating class I PI3Ks. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:88-100. [PMID: 25573003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that transduce a host of cellular signals and regulate a broad range of essential functions including growth, proliferation, and migration. As such, PI3Ks have pivotal roles in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, primary immune disorders, and inflammation. These enzymes are activated downstream of numerous activating stimuli including receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the Ras superfamily of small G proteins. A major challenge is to decipher how each PI3K isoform is able to successfully synergize these inputs into their intended signaling function. This article highlights recent progress in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of PI3K isoform-specific activation pathways, as well as novel roles for PI3Ks in human diseases, specifically cancer and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Drive, Victoria BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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36
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Carrim N, Walsh TG, Consonni A, Torti M, Berndt MC, Metharom P. Role of focal adhesion tyrosine kinases in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and reactive oxygen species formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113679. [PMID: 25415317 PMCID: PMC4240642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown the presence of a TRAF4/p47phox/Hic5/Pyk2 complex associated with the platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, consistent with a potential role of this complex in GPVI-dependent ROS formation. In other cell systems, NOX-dependent ROS formation is facilitated by Pyk2, which along with its closely related homologue FAK are known to be activated and phosphorylated downstream of ligand binding to GPVI. Aims To evaluate the relative roles of Pyk2 and FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and to determine their location within the GPVI signaling pathway. Methods and Results Human and mouse washed platelets (from WT or Pyk2 KO mice) were pre-treated with pharmacological inhibitors targeting FAK or Pyk2 (PF-228 and Tyrphostin A9, respectively) and stimulated with the GPVI-specific agonist, CRP. FAK, but not Pyk2, was found to be essential for GPVI-dependent ROS production and aggregation. Subsequent human platelet studies with PF-228 confirmed FAK is essential for GPVI-mediated phosphatidylserine exposure, α-granule secretion (P-selectin (CD62P) surface expression) and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. To determine the precise location of FAK within the GPVI pathway, we analyzed the effect of PF-228 inhibition in CRP-stimulated platelets in conjunction with immunoprecipitation and pulldown analysis to show that FAK is downstream of Lyn, Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), PI3-K and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and upstream of Rac1, PLCγ2, Ca2+ release, PKC, Hic-5, NOX1 and αIIbβ3 activation. Conclusion Overall, these data suggest a novel role for FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and platelet activation and elucidate a proximal signaling role for FAK within the GPVI pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naadiya Carrim
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tony G. Walsh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael C. Berndt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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37
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Guidetti GF, Torti M. Pull-down assay for analysis of integrin-mediated activation of Rap proteins in adherent platelets. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1120:167-76. [PMID: 24470025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-791-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Rap1 GTPases operate as molecular switches by cycling between a GDP-bound inactive state and a GTP-bound active state and regulate several cellular pathways in response to different stimuli. Circulating blood platelets express high levels of Rap1 proteins, mainly Rap1b, which plays a critical role in platelet adhesion and activation. Rap1 is a key element in the inside-out signaling pathway leading to the conversion of integrins into the high-affinity state for their ligands. In platelets, Rap1b regulates inside-out activation of both integrin αIIbβ3 and α2β1. In addition, Rap1b is also involved in integrin outside-in signaling. Integrin-mediated platelet adhesion leads to accumulation of GTP-bound Rap1b, which promotes integrin-mediated processes such as spreading and clot retraction. Rap1b is thus a bidirectional regulator of platelet integrin function. Here we describe a method to analyze Rap1b activation induced by platelet adhesion via integrin α2β1.
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38
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Shaturnyĭ VI, Shakhidzhanov SS, Sveshnikova AN, Panteleev MA. [Activators, receptors and signal transduction pathways of blood platelets]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2014; 60:182-200. [PMID: 24837309 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20146002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelet participation in hemostatic plug formation requires transition into an activated state (or, rather, variety of states) upon action of agonists like ADP, thromboxane A , collagen, thrombin, and others. The mechanisms of action for different agonists, their receptors and signaling pathways associated with them, as well as the mechanisms of platelet response inhibition are the subject of the present review. Collagen exposed upon vessel wall damage induced initial platelet attachment and start of thrombus formation, which involves numerous processes such as aggregation, activation of integrins, granule secretion and increase of intracellular Ca2+. Thrombin, ADP, thromboxane A , and ATP activated platelets that were not initially in contact with the wall and induce additional secretion of activating substances. Vascular endothelium and secretory organs also affect platelet activation, producing both positive (adrenaline) an d negative (prostacyclin, nitric oxide) regulators, thereby determining the relation of activation and inhibition signals, which plays a significant role in the formation of platelet aggregate under normal and pathological conditions. The pathways of platelet signaling are still incompletely understood, and their exploration presents an important objective both for basic cell biology and for the development of new drugs, the methods of diagnostics and of treatment of hemostasis disorders.
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39
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de Witt SM, Verdoold R, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Insights into platelet-based control of coagulation. Thromb Res 2014; 133 Suppl 2:S139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Achilli C, Jadhav SA, Guidetti GF, Ciana A, Abbonante V, Malara A, Fagnoni M, Torti M, Balduini A, Balduini C, Minetti G. Folic acid-conjugated 4-amino-phenylboronate, a boron-containing compound designed for boron neutron capture therapy, is an unexpected agonist for human neutrophils and platelets. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 83:532-40. [PMID: 24666508 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an anticancer treatment based on the accumulation in the tumor cells of (10) B-containing molecules and subsequent irradiation with low-energy neutrons, which bring about the decay of (10) B to very toxic (7) Li(3+) and (4) He(2+) ions. The effectiveness of BNCT is limited by the low delivery and accumulation of the used (10) B-containing compounds. Here, we report the development of folic acid-conjugated 4-amino-phenylboronate as a novel possible compound for the selective delivery of (10) B in BNCT. An extensive analysis about its biocompatibility to mature blood cells and platelet progenitors revealed that the compound markedly supports platelet aggregation, neutrophil oxidative burst, and inhibition of megakaryocyte development, while it does not have any manifest effect on red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Achilli
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Bassi, 21, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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41
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Heino J. Cellular signaling by collagen-binding integrins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 819:143-55. [PMID: 25023173 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The four collagen-binding αI domain integrins form their own subgroup among cell adhesion receptors. The signaling functions of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins have been analyzed in many experimental models, whereas less studies are available about the more recently found α10β1 and α11β1 heterodimers. Interestingly, collagen binding by α1β1 and α2β1 often generates opposite cellular responses. For example α1β1 has often been reported to promote cell proliferation and to suppress collagen synthesis, whereas α2β1 can in many model systems inhibit growth and promote collagen synthesis. There are obviously cell type dependent factors modifying the signaling. Additionally the structure and the organization of collagenous matrix play a critic role. Many recent studies have also stressed the importance of the crosstalk between the integrins and other cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland,
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Laurent PA, Severin S, Gratacap MP, Payrastre B. Class I PI 3-kinases signaling in platelet activation and thrombosis: PDK1/Akt/GSK3 axis and impact of PTEN and SHIP1. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 54:162-174. [PMID: 24095650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) have been extensively studied in different models these last years and several isoforms are now promising drug targets to treat cancer and immune diseases. Blood platelets are non-nucleated cells critical for hemostasis and strongly involved in arterial thrombosis, a leading cause of death worldwide. Besides their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets provide an interesting model to characterize the implication of the different isoforms of PI3K in signaling. They are specialized for regulated adhesion, particularly under high shear stress conditions found in arteries and use highly regulated signaling mechanisms to form and stabilize a thrombus. In this review we will highlight the role of class I PI3K in these processes and the pertinence of targeting them in the context of antithrombotic strategies but also the potential consequences on the bleeding risk of inhibiting the PI3K signaling in cancer therapy. The implication of upstream regulators of the most important isoforms of PI3K in platelets and their downstream effectors such as protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) and its target glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) will be discussed as well as the impact of PTEN and SHIP phosphatases as modulators of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Severin
- Inserm U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | | | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 03, France; CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
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Hadas K, Randriamboavonjy V, Elgheznawy A, Mann A, Fleming I. Methylglyoxal induces platelet hyperaggregation and reduces thrombus stability by activating PKC and inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74401. [PMID: 24058557 PMCID: PMC3772821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a dysregulation of glucose homeostasis and platelets from patients with diabetes are known to be hyper-reactive and contribute to the accelerated development of vascular diseases. Since many of the deleterious effects of glucose have been attributed to its metabolite methylgyloxal (MG) rather than to hyperglycemia itself, the aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of MG on platelet function. Washed human platelets were pre-incubated for 15 min with MG and platelet aggregation, adhesion on matrix-coated slides and signaling (Western blot) were assessed ex vivo. In vivo, the effect of MG on thrombus formation was determined using the FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury model. MG potentiated thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and dense granule release, but inhibited platelet spreading on fibronectin and collagen. In vivo, MG accelerated thrombus formation but decreased thrombus stability. At the molecular level, MG increased intracellular Ca2+ and activated classical PKCs at the same time as inhibiting PI3K/Akt and the β3-integrin outside-in signaling. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the enhanced MG concentration measured in diabetic patients can directly contribute to the platelet dysfunction associated with diabetes characterized by hyperaggregability and reduced thrombus stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hadas
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Amro Elgheznawy
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kim S, Cipolla L, Guidetti G, Okigaki M, Jin J, Torti M, Kunapuli SP. Distinct role of Pyk2 in mediating thromboxane generation downstream of both G12/13 and integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18194-203. [PMID: 23640884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.461087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is activated by various agonists in platelets. We evaluated the signaling mechanism and the functional role of Pyk2 in platelets by using pharmacological inhibitors and Pyk2-deficient platelets. We found that platelet aggregation and secretion in response to 2-methylthio-ADP (2-MeSADP) and AYPGKF were diminished in the presence of Pyk2 inhibitors or in Pyk2-deficient platelets, suggesting that Pyk2 plays a positive regulatory role in platelet functional responses. It has been shown that ADP-, but not thrombin-induced thromboxane (TxA2) generation depends on integrin signaling. Unlike ADP, thrombin activates G12/13 pathways, and G12/13 pathways can substitute for integrin signaling for TxA2 generation. We found that Pyk2 was activated downstream of both G12/13 and integrin-mediated pathways, and both 2-MeSADP- and AYPGKF-induced TxA2 generation was significantly diminished in Pyk2-deficient platelets. In addition, TxA2 generation induced by co-stimulation of Gi and Gz pathways, which is dependent on integrin signaling, was inhibited by blocking Pyk2. Furthermore, inhibition of 2-MeSADP-induced TxA2 generation by fibrinogen receptor antagonist was not rescued by co-stimulation of G12/13 pathways in the presence of Pyk2 inhibitor. We conclude that Pyk2 is a common signaling effector downstream of both G12/13 and integrin αIIbβ3 signaling, which contributes to thromboxane generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soochong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Brass LF, Tomaiuolo M, Stalker TJ. Harnessing the platelet signaling network to produce an optimal hemostatic response. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:381-409. [PMID: 23714305 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Once released into the circulation by megakaryocytes, circulating platelets can undergo rapid activation at sites of vascular injury and resist unwarranted activation, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Historically, the signaling mechanisms underlying the regulation of platelet activation have been approached as a collection of individual pathways unique to agonist. This review takes a different approach, casting platelet activation as the product of a signaling network, in which activating and restraining mechanisms interact in a flexible network that regulates platelet adhesiveness, cohesion between platelets, granule secretion, and the formation of a stable hemostatic thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence F Brass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
PI3Ks are signaling enzymes engaged by different types of membrane receptors and activated in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and heart failure. Studies performed on genetically modified animals have provided proof-of-concept that general or isoform-specific blockade of these enzymes can modify disease development and progression. Hence, therapeutic inhibition of PI3Ks with novel pharmacological compounds constitutes a promising area of drug development. In particular, inhibitors of PI3Ks have the potential to reduce blood pressure, restrain the development of atherosclerosis and/or stabilize atherosclerotic plaques, blunt platelet aggregation, prevent left ventricular remodeling and preserve myocardial contractility in heart failure. This review summarizes the rationale of PI3K inhibition in the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases, and the available data on the therapeutic effects of PI3K inhibitors in their preclinical models. Implications for future drug development and human therapy are also discussed.
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Novel approaches to inhibitor design for the p110β phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:149-53. [PMID: 23411347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinases are essential regulators of cellular proliferation, survival, metabolism, and motility that are frequently dysregulated in human disease. The design of inhibitors to target the PI 3-kinase/mTOR pathway is a major area of investigation by both academic laboratories and the pharmaceutical industry. This review focuses on the Class IA PI 3-kinase p110β, which plays a unique role in thrombogenesis and in the growth of tumors with deletion or loss-of-function mutation of the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) lipid phosphatase. Several p110β-selective inhibitors that target the ATP-binding site in the kinase domain have been identified. However, recent discoveries regarding the regulatory mechanisms that control p110β activity suggest alternative strategies by which to disrupt signaling by this PI 3-kinase isoform. This review summarizes the current status of p110β-specific inhibitors and discusses how these new insights into p110 regulation might be used to devise novel pharmacological inhibitors.
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Cipolla L, Consonni A, Guidetti G, Canobbio I, Okigaki M, Falasca M, Ciraolo E, Hirsch E, Balduini C, Torti M. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 regulates platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:345-56. [PMID: 23216754 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 is a focal adhesion kinase expressed in blood platelets, and is activated downstream of G-protein coupled receptors as well as integrin α2β1. OBJECTIVE In this study we have investigated the involvement of Pyk2 in integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling in human and murine platelets. METHODS We analyzed the stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways in platelets from Pyk2 knockout mice adherent to immobilized fibrinogen. RESULTS Pyk2 was rapidly phosphorylated and activated in human and murine platelets adherent to fibrinogen through integrin αIIbβ3. Activation of Pyk2 was Src-dependent, but did not require phospholipase Cγ2 activity. Platelets from Pyk2 knockout mice showed a defective ability to adhere and spread on fibrinogen, in association with a dramatic reduction of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and Akt phosphorylation. Pharmacological and genetic analysis demonstrated that integrin αIIbβ3 engagement selectively stimulated the β-isoform of PI3K (PI3Kβ), and that, as for Pyk2, PI3Kβ activation required Src family kinases activity, but not phospholipase Cγ2. In fibrinogen-adherent platelets, both Pyk2 and PI3Kβ were necessary for stimulation of the small GTPase Rap1b, a regulator of cell adhesion and spreading. Integrin αIIbβ3 engagement triggered the association of the PI3Kβ regulatory subunit p85 with the adaptor protein c-Cbl, which was mediated by the p85 SH3 domain, and was independent of c-Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation. However, p85-associated c-Cbl was tyrosine phosphorylated by activated Pyk2 in fibrinogen adherent platelets. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a novel pathway of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling and recognize the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 as a major regulator of platelet adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cipolla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Impaired thrombin-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation in mice lacking the Ca(2+)-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2. Blood 2012; 121:648-57. [PMID: 23175689 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-438762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used a knockout murine model to analyze the contribution of the Ca(2+)-dependent focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 in platelet activation and thrombus formation in vivo. We found that Pyk2-knockout mice had a tail bleeding time that was slightly increased compared with their wild-type littermates. Moreover, in an in vivo model of femoral artery thrombosis, the time to arterial occlusion was significantly prolonged in mice lacking Pyk2. Pyk2-deficient mice were also significantly protected from collagen plus epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism. Ex vivo aggregation of Pyk2-deficient platelets was normal on stimulation of glycoprotein VI, but was significantly reduced in response to PAR4-activating peptide, low doses of thrombin, or U46619. Defective platelet aggregation was accompanied by impaired inside-out activation of integrin α(IIb)β(3) and fibrinogen binding. Granule secretion was only slightly reduced in the absence of Pyk2, whereas a marked inhibition of thrombin-induced thromboxane A(2) production was observed, which was found to be responsible for the defective aggregation. Moreover, we have demonstrated that Pyk2 is implicated in the signaling pathway for cPLA(2) phosphorylation through p38 MAPK. The results of the present study show the importance of the focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors in supporting platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.
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The phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin inhibits agonist-dependent activation of human platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1724-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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