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Şen B, Balcı‐Peynircioğlu B. Cellular models in autoinflammatory disease research. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1481. [PMID: 38213819 PMCID: PMC10784111 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders caused by dysregulation of the innate immune system. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying these conditions is critical for developing effective treatments. Cellular models are essential for identifying new conditions and studying their pathogenesis. Traditionally, these studies have used primary cells and cell lines of disease-relevant cell types, although newer induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models might have unique advantages. In this review, we discuss the three cellular models used in autoinflammatory disease research, their strengths and weaknesses, and their applications to inform future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Şen
- Department of Medical BiologyHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, SıhhiyeAnkaraTurkey
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2
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Shoda H, Natsumoto B, Fujio K. Investigation of immune-related diseases using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:51. [PMID: 37876023 PMCID: PMC10594759 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise pathogenesis of immune-related diseases remains unclear, and new effective therapeutic choices are required for the induction of remission or cure in these diseases. Basic research utilizing immune-related disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is expected to be a promising platform for elucidating the pathogenesis of the diseases and for drug discovery. Since autoinflammatory diseases are usually monogenic, genetic mutations affect the cell function and patient-derived iPS cells tend to exhibit disease-specific phenotypes. In particular, iPS cell-derived monocytic cells and macrophages can be used for functional experiments, such as inflammatory cytokine production, and are often employed in research on patients with autoinflammatory diseases.On the other hand, the utilization of disease-specific iPS cells is less successful for research on autoimmune diseases. One reason for this is that autoimmune diseases are usually polygenic, which makes it challenging to determine which factors cause the phenotypes of patient-derived iPS cells are caused by. Another reason is that protocols for differentiating some lymphocytes associated with autoimmunity, such as CD4+T cells or B cells, from iPS cells have not been well established. Nevertheless, several groups have reported studies utilizing autoimmune disease patient-derived iPS cells, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis. Particularly, non-hematopoietic cells, such as fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, differentiated from autoimmune patient-derived iPS cells have shown promising results for further research into the pathogenesis. Recently, our groups established a method for differentiating dendritic cells that produce interferon-alpha, which can be applied as an SLE pathological model. In summary, patient-derived iPS cells can provide a promising platform for pathological research and new drug discovery in the field of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Bunki Natsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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3
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Hayashi T, Yano N, Kora K, Yokoyama A, Maizuru K, Kayaki T, Nishikawa K, Osawa M, Niwa A, Takenouchi T, Hijikata A, Shirai T, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Saito MK, Takita J, Yoshida T. Involvement of mTOR pathway in neurodegeneration in NSF-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1683-1697. [PMID: 36645181 PMCID: PMC10162430 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. During neurotransmitter exocytosis, SNARE proteins on a synaptic vesicle and the target membrane form a complex, resulting in neurotransmitter release. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a homohexameric ATPase, disassembles the complex, allowing individual SNARE proteins to be recycled. Recently, the association between pathogenic NSF variants and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) was reported; however, the molecular pathomechanism of NSF-related DEE remains unclear. Here, three patients with de novo heterozygous NSF variants were presented, of which two were associated with DEE and one with a very mild phenotype. One of the DEE patients also had hypocalcemia from parathyroid hormone deficiency and neuromuscular junction impairment. Using PC12 cells, a neurosecretion model, we show that NSF with DEE-associated variants impaired the recycling of vesicular membrane proteins and vesicle enlargement in response to exocytotic stimulation. In addition, DEE-associated variants caused neurodegenerative change and defective autophagy through overactivation of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor or overexpression of wild-type NSF ameliorated these phenotypes. Furthermore, neurons differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells showed neurite degeneration, which was also alleviated by rapamycin treatment or gene correction using genome editing. Protein structure analysis of NSF revealed that DEE-associated variants might disrupt the transmission of the conformational change of NSF monomers and consequently halt the rotation of ATP hydrolysis, indicating a dominant negative mechanism. In conclusion, this study elucidates the pathomechanism underlying NSF-related DEE and identifies a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kengo Kora
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kanako Maizuru
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taisei Kayaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kinuko Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Thyas Co. Ltd, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA) Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA) Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hijikata
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA) Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Aluri J, Cooper MA. Somatic mosaicism in inborn errors of immunity: Current knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101761. [PMID: 37062181 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a diverse group of monogenic disorders of the immune system due to germline variants in genes important for the immune response. Over the past decade there has been increasing recognition that acquired somatic variants present in a subset of cells can also lead to immune disorders or 'phenocopies' of IEI. Discovery of somatic mosaicism causing IEI has largely arisen from investigation of seemingly sporadic cases of IEI with predominant symptoms of autoinflammation and/or autoimmunity in which germline disease-causing variants are not detected. Disease-causing somatic mosaicism has been identified in genes that also cause germline IEI, such as FAS, and in genes without significant corresponding germline disease, such as UBA1 and TLR8. There are challenges in detecting low-level somatic variants, and it is likely that the extent of the somatic mosaicism causing IEI is largely uncharted. Here we review the field of somatic mosaicism leading to IEI and discuss challenges and methods for somatic variant detection, including diagnostic approaches for molecular diagnoses of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi Aluri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Nikolouli E, Reichstein J, Hansen G, Lachmann N. In vitro systems to study inborn errors of immunity using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024935. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the exponential progress in the field of genetics could reveal the genetic impact on the onset and progression of several diseases affecting the immune system. This knowledge has led to the discovery of more than 400 monogenic germline mutations, also known as “inborn errors of immunity (IEI)”. Given the rarity of various IEI and the clinical diversity as well as the limited available patients’ material, the continuous development of novel cell-based in vitro models to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases is imperative. Focusing on stem cell technologies, this review aims to provide an overview of the current available in vitro models used to study IEI and which could lay the foundation for new therapeutic approaches. We elaborate in particular on the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-based systems and their broad application in studying IEI by establishing also novel infection culture models. The review will critically discuss the current limitations or gaps in the field of stem cell technology as well as the future perspectives from the use of these cell culture systems.
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Lyadova I, Vasiliev A. Macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells: prospective applications and research gaps. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:96. [PMID: 35725499 PMCID: PMC9207879 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a valuable cell source able to give rise to different cell types of the body. Among the various pathways of iPSC differentiation, the differentiation into macrophages is a recently developed and rapidly growing technique. Macrophages play a key role in the control of host homeostasis. Their dysfunction underlies many diseases, including hereditary, infectious, oncological, metabolic and other disorders. Targeting macrophage activity and developing macrophage-based cell therapy represent promising tools for the treatment of many pathological conditions. Macrophages generated from human iPSCs (iMphs) provide great opportunities in these areas. The generation of iMphs is based on a step-wise differentiation of iPSCs into mesoderm, hematopoietic progenitors, myeloid monocyte-like cells and macrophages. The technique allows to obtain standardizable populations of human macrophages from any individual, scale up macrophage production and introduce genetic modifications, which gives significant advantages over the standard source of human macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages. The spectrum of iMph applications is rapidly growing. iMphs have been successfully used to model hereditary diseases and macrophage-pathogen interactions, as well as to test drugs. iMph use for cell therapy is another promising and rapidly developing area of research. The principles and the details of iMph generation have recently been reviewed. This review systemizes current and prospective iMph applications and discusses the problem of iMph safety and other issues that need to be explored before iMphs become clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei Vasiliev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Tanaka T, Shiba T, Honda Y, Izawa K, Yasumi T, Saito MK, Nishikomori R. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Monocytes/Macrophages in Autoinflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870535. [PMID: 35603217 PMCID: PMC9120581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of autoinflammation, first proposed in 1999, refers to a seemingly unprovoked episode of sterile inflammation manifesting as unexplained fever, skin rashes, and arthralgia. Autoinflammatory diseases are caused mainly by hereditary abnormalities of innate immunity, without the production of autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells. The revolutionary discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), whereby a patient’s somatic cells can be reprogrammed into an embryonic pluripotent state by forced expression of a defined set of transcription factors, has the transformative potential to enable in vitro disease modeling and drug candidate screening, as well as to provide a resource for cell replacement therapy. Recent reports demonstrate that recapitulating a disease phenotype in vitro is feasible for numerous monogenic diseases, including autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in research into autoinflammatory diseases involving iPSC-derived monocytes/macrophages. This review may aid in the planning of new studies of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takayuki Tanaka,
| | - Takeshi Shiba
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yoshitaka Honda
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushi Izawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K. Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nishikomori
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Oh S, Niwa A, Nagahashi A, Asaka I, Nakahata T, Saito MK. iPS cells from Chediak-Higashi syndrome patients recapitulate the giant granules in myeloid cells. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15390. [PMID: 36259166 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a congenital disease characterized by immunodeficiency, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, oculocutaneous albinism, and neurological symptoms. The presence of giant granules in peripheral blood leukocytes is an important hallmark of CHS. Here we prepared induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CHS patients (CHS-iPSCs) and differentiated them into hematopoietic cells to model the disease phenotypes. METHODS Fibroblasts were obtained from two CHS patients and then reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into myeloid cells; the size of the cytosolic granules was quantified by May-Grunwald Giemsa staining and myeloperoxidase staining. RESULTS Two clones of iPSCs were established from each patient. The differentiation efficiency to CD33+ CD45+ myeloid cells was not significantly different in CHS-iPSCs compared with control iPSCs, but significantly larger granules were observed. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in reproducing a characteristic cellular phenotype, giant granules in myeloid cells, using CHS-iPSCs, demonstrating that iPSCs can be used to model the pathogenesis of CHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Oh
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Fundamental Cell Technologies, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Saito MK. Elucidation of the Pathogenesis of Autoinflammatory Diseases Using iPS Cells. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020094. [PMID: 33535645 PMCID: PMC7912798 DOI: 10.3390/children8020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are a disease entity caused by the dysregulation of innate immune cells. Typical autoinflammatory diseases are monogenic disorders and often very rare. As a result, there is a relative lack of understanding of the pathogenesis, poor diagnosis and little available treatment. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a new technology being applied to in vitro disease modeling. These models are especially useful for the analysis of rare and intractable diseases including autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, I will provide a general overview of iPS cell models for autoinflammatory diseases and a brief description of the results obtained from individual reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
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Hamabata T, Umeda K, Kouzuki K, Tanaka T, Daifu T, Nodomi S, Saida S, Kato I, Baba S, Hiramatsu H, Osawa M, Niwa A, Saito MK, Kamikubo Y, Adachi S, Hashii Y, Shimada A, Watanabe H, Osafune K, Okita K, Nakahata T, Watanabe K, Takita J, Heike T. Pluripotent stem cell model of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome reveals apoptotic predisposition of hemoangiogenic progenitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14859. [PMID: 32908229 PMCID: PMC7481313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities, is caused by mutations in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) gene, which plays a role in ribosome biogenesis. Although the causative genes of congenital disorders frequently involve regulation of embryogenesis, the role of the SBDS gene in early hematopoiesis remains unclear, primarily due to the lack of a suitable experimental model for this syndrome. In this study, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with SDS (SDS-iPSCs) and analyzed their in vitro hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation potentials. SDS-iPSCs generated hematopoietic and endothelial cells less efficiently than iPSCs derived from healthy donors, principally due to the apoptotic predisposition of KDR+CD34+ common hemoangiogenic progenitors. By contrast, forced expression of SBDS gene in SDS-iPSCs or treatment with a caspase inhibitor reversed the deficiency in hematopoietic and endothelial development, and decreased apoptosis of their progenitors, mainly via p53-independent mechanisms. Patient-derived iPSCs exhibited the hematological abnormalities associated with SDS even at the earliest hematopoietic stages. These findings will enable us to dissect the pathogenesis of multiple disorders associated with ribosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hamabata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kagehiro Kouzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoo Daifu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Seishiro Nodomi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiro Baba
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamikubo
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashii
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Shimada
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Drug Discovery Technology Development Office, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, 420-8660, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived monocytic cell lines from a NOMID patient serve as a screening platform for modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237030. [PMID: 32810141 PMCID: PMC7437452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curative therapeutic options for a number of immunological disorders remain to be established, and approaches for identifying drug candidates are relatively limited. Furthermore, phenotypic screening methods using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived immune cells or hematopoietic cells need improvement. In the present study, using immortalized monocytic cell lines derived from iPSCs, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) system to detect compounds that inhibit IL-1β secretion and NLRP3 inflammasome activation from activated macrophages. The iPSCs were generated from a patient with neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) as a model of a constitutively activated NLRP3 inflammasome. HTS of 4,825 compounds including FDA-approved drugs and compounds with known bioactivity identified 7 compounds as predominantly IL-1β inhibitors. Since these compounds are known inflammasome inhibitors or derivatives of, these results prove the validity of our HTS system, which can be a versatile platform for identifying drug candidates for immunological disorders associated with monocytic lineage cells.
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Zito G, Buscetta M, Cimino M, Dino P, Bucchieri F, Cipollina C. Cellular Models and Assays to Study NLRP3 Inflammasome Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124294. [PMID: 32560261 PMCID: PMC7352206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that initiates innate immunity responses when exposed to a wide range of stimuli, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Inflammasome activation leads to the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and to pyroptotic cell death. Over-activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. A deep knowledge of NLRP3 inflammasome biology is required to better exploit its potential as therapeutic target and for the development of new selective drugs. To this purpose, in the past few years, several tools have been developed for the biological characterization of the multimeric inflammasome complex, the identification of the upstream signaling cascade leading to inflammasome activation, and the downstream effects triggered by NLRP3 activation. In this review, we will report cellular models and cellular, biochemical, and biophysical assays that are currently available for studying inflammasome biology. A special focus will be on those models/assays that have been used to identify NLRP3 inhibitors and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zito
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Buscetta
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maura Cimino
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Dino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Neuroscenze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Neuroscenze e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.); (F.B.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-6809191; Fax: +39-091-6809122
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Nishikomori R, Izawa K, Kambe N, Ohara O, Yasumi T. Low-frequency mosaicism in cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome: mosaicism in systemic autoinflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 2020; 31:649-655. [PMID: 31185077 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory disease is an 'inborn error of immunity', resulting in systemic inflammation. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a prototypical autoinflammatory disease caused by gain-of-function mutations in the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) gene; these mutations activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in overproduction of IL-1β. The first case of CAPS caused by somatic NLRP3 mosaicism was reported in 2005 after identification of variant small peaks by Sanger sequencing. An international collaborative study revealed that the majority of mutation-negative CAPS cases are due to low-level NLRP3 mosaicism, suggesting that central nervous system involvement in somatic mosaicism patients is milder than in genotype-matched heterozygous patients. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have expanded the number of NLRP3 somatic mosaicism cases and identified a new entity called 'late-onset CAPS with myeloid-specific NLRP3 mosaicism'; however, no mosaic-specific clinical features have been identified/confirmed yet. With respect to NLRP3 mosaicism in CAPS, a prospective longitudinal study on the variant genotype, its allele frequency and its tissue distribution (along with a comprehensive clinical phenotype) would provide better understanding of NLRP3 mosaicism, resulting in more appropriate patient care and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Nishikomori
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kazushi Izawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naotomo Kambe
- Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Deparment of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Van Horebeek L, Dubois B, Goris A. Somatic Variants: New Kids on the Block in Human Immunogenetics. Trends Genet 2019; 35:935-947. [PMID: 31668909 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Somatic variants are not inherited but acquired during an individual's lifetime, and individuals are increasingly considered as complex mosaics of genetically distinct cells. Whereas this concept is long-recognized in cancer, this review focuses on the growing role of somatic variants in immune cells in nonmalignant immune-related disorders, such as primary immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Older case reports described somatic variants early in development, leading to large numbers of affected cells and severe phenotypes. Thanks to technological evolution, it is now feasible to detect somatic variants occurring later in life and affecting fewer cells. Hence, only recently is the scale at which somatic variants contribute to monogenic diseases being uncovered and is their contribution to complex diseases being explored systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Horebeek
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Dubois
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Goris
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Matsubara H, Niwa A, Nakahata T, Saito MK. Induction of human pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells for immunotherapy under chemically defined conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Hoffman HM, Broderick L. Editorial: It Just Takes One: Somatic Mosaicism in Autoinflammatory Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 69:253-256. [PMID: 27748054 DOI: 10.1002/art.39961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hal M Hoffman
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Lori Broderick
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
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17
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Karagiannis P, Takahashi K, Saito M, Yoshida Y, Okita K, Watanabe A, Inoue H, Yamashita JK, Todani M, Nakagawa M, Osawa M, Yashiro Y, Yamanaka S, Osafune K. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Human Models of Disease and Development. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:79-114. [PMID: 30328784 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of somatic cell nuclear transfer proved that somatic cells can carry the same genetic code as the zygote, and that activating parts of this code are sufficient to reprogram the cell to an early developmental state. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) nearly half a century later provided a molecular mechanism for the reprogramming. The initial creation of iPSCs was accomplished by the ectopic expression of four specific genes (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-Myc; OSKM). iPSCs have since been acquired from a wide range of cell types and a wide range of species, suggesting a universal molecular mechanism. Furthermore, cells have been reprogrammed to iPSCs using a myriad of methods, although OSKM remains the gold standard. The sources for iPSCs are abundant compared with those for other pluripotent stem cells; thus the use of iPSCs to model the development of tissues, organs, and other systems of the body is increasing. iPSCs also, through the reprogramming of patient samples, are being used to model diseases. Moreover, in the 10 years since the first report, human iPSCs are already the basis for new cell therapies and drug discovery that have reached clinical application. In this review, we examine the generation of iPSCs and their application to disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karagiannis
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Megumu Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masaya Todani
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yashiro
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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18
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Hayashi Y, Ohnuma K, Furue MK. Pluripotent Stem Cell Heterogeneity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1123:71-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Disease-associated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) established from patients are now widely used for disease modeling. They can provide an unlimited source of hematopoietic cells that carry the patients' genetic background, making them advantageous for modeling immunological disorders. To obtain functional immune cells from human iPSCs, we have developed a differentiation system that generates immortalized myeloid cells including neutrophils and monocytic cells. By using this strategy, we have established in vitro models of many immunological disorders. In this review, we focus on autoinflammatory disorders. These models have proven useful for genetic diagnosis and elucidation of the disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu K Saito
- a Department of Clinical Application, CiRA , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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20
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The classification, genetic diagnosis and modelling of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1901-1924. [PMID: 30185613 PMCID: PMC6123071 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders are an increasingly heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by innate immune dysregulation. Improved genetic sequencing in recent years has led not only to the discovery of a plethora of conditions considered to be 'autoinflammatory', but also the broadening of the clinical and immunological phenotypic spectra seen in these disorders. This review outlines the classification strategies that have been employed for monogenic autoinflammatory disorders to date, including the primary innate immune pathway or the dominant cytokine implicated in disease pathogenesis, and highlights some of the advantages of these models. Furthermore, the use of the term 'autoinflammatory' is discussed in relation to disorders that cross the innate and adaptive immune divide. The utilisation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in this population is examined, as are potential in vivo and in vitro methods of modelling to determine pathogenicity of novel genetic findings. Finally, areas where our understanding can be improved are highlighted, such as phenotypic variability and genotype-phenotype correlations, with the aim of identifying areas of future research.
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21
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Zhang H, Reilly MP. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Macrophages for Unraveling Human Macrophage Biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2000-2006. [PMID: 28982665 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite a substantial appreciation for the critical role of macrophages in cardiometabolic diseases, understanding of human macrophage biology has been hampered by the lack of reliable and scalable models for cellular and genetic studies. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (IPSDM), as an unlimited source of subject genotype-specific cells, will undoubtedly play an important role in advancing our understanding of the role of macrophages in human diseases. In this review, we summarize current literature in the differentiation and characterization of IPSDM at phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic levels. We emphasize the progress in differentiating iPSC to tissue resident macrophages, and in understanding the ontogeny of in vitro differentiated IPSDM that resembles primitive hematopoiesis, rather than adult definitive hematopoiesis. We review the application of IPSDM in modeling both Mendelian genetic disorders and host-pathogen interactions. Finally, we highlighted the potential areas of research using IPSDM in functional validation of coronary artery disease loci in genome-wide association studies, functional genomic analyses, drug testing, and cell therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R.) and Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R.) and Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
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22
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Kawasaki Y, Oda H, Ito J, Niwa A, Tanaka T, Hijikata A, Seki R, Nagahashi A, Osawa M, Asaka I, Watanabe A, Nishimata S, Shirai T, Kawashima H, Ohara O, Nakahata T, Nishikomori R, Heike T, Saito MK. Identification of a High-Frequency Somatic NLRC4 Mutation as a Cause of Autoinflammation by Pluripotent Cell-Based Phenotype Dissection. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:447-459. [PMID: 27788288 DOI: 10.1002/art.39960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the genetic background of a patient with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) with no NLRP3 mutation. METHODS A Japanese male child diagnosed as having NOMID was studied. The patient did not have any NLRP3 mutation, even as low-frequency mosaicism. We performed whole-exome sequencing on the patient and his parents. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were established from the patient's fibroblasts. The iPSCs were then differentiated into monocyte lineage to evaluate the cytokine profile. RESULTS We established multiple iPSC clones from a patient with NOMID and incidentally found that the phenotypes of monocytes from iPSC clones were heterogeneous and could be grouped into disease and normal phenotypes. Because each iPSC clone was derived from a single somatic cell, we hypothesized that the patient had somatic mosaicism of an interleukin-1β-related gene. Whole-exome sequencing of both representative iPSC clones and the patient's blood revealed a novel heterozygous NLRC4 mutation, p.T177A (c.529A>G), as a specific mutation in diseased iPSC clones. Knockout of the NLRC4 gene using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system in a mutant iPSC clone abrogated the pathogenic phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the patient has somatic mosaicism of a novel NLRC4 mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first case showing that somatic mutation of NLRC4 causes autoinflammatory symptoms compatible with NOMID. The present study demonstrates the significance of prospective genetic screening combined with iPSC-based phenotype dissection for individualized diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Hijikata
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Seki
- Kyoto University and Nippon Shinyaku Company, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Ohara
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan, and Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
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23
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Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) was first described more than 10 years ago and is currently used in various basic science and clinical research fields. The aim of this report is to examine the trends in research using iPSCs over the last 10 years. The 2006-2016 PubMed database was searched using the MeSH term "induced pluripotent stem cells." Only original research articles were selected, with a total of 3323 articles. These were classified according to research theme into reprogramming, differentiation protocols for specific cells and/or tissues, pathophysiological research on diseases, and discovery of new drugs, and then the trends over the years were analyzed. We also focused on 232 research publications on the pathophysiological causes of diseases and drug discovery with impact factor (IF; Thomson Reuters) of six or more. The IF of each article was summed up by year, by main target disease, and by country, and the total IF score was expressed as trends of research. The trends of research activities of reprogramming and differentiation on specific cells and/or tissues reached maxima in 2013/2014. On the other hand, research on pathophysiology and drug discovery increased continuously. The 232 articles with IF ≥6 dealt with neurological, immunological/hematological, cardiovascular, and digestive tract diseases, in that order. The majority of articles were published from the United States, followed by Japan, Germany, and United Kingdom. In conclusion, iPSCs have become a general tool for pathophysiological research on disease and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Negoro
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanayuki Okura
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Sone M, Morone N, Nakamura T, Tanaka A, Okita K, Woltjen K, Nakagawa M, Heuser JE, Yamada Y, Yamanaka S, Yamamoto T. Hybrid Cellular Metabolism Coordinated by Zic3 and Esrrb Synergistically Enhances Induction of Naive Pluripotency. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1103-1117.e6. [PMID: 28467928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naive pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) utilize both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to satisfy their metabolic demands. However, it is unclear how somatic cells acquire this hybrid energy metabolism during reprogramming toward naive pluripotency. Here, we show that when transduced with Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 (OSK) into murine fibroblasts, Zic3 and Esrrb synergistically enhance the reprogramming efficiency by regulating cellular metabolic pathways. These two transcription factors (TFs) cooperatively activate glycolytic metabolism independently of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). In contrast, the regulatory modes of the TFs on OXPHOS are antagonistic: Zic3 represses OXPHOS, whereas Esrrb activates it. Therefore, when introduced with Zic3, Esrrb restores OXPHOS activity, which is essential for efficient reprogramming. In addition, Esrrb-mediated OXPHOS activation is critical for the conversion of primed PSCs into the naive state. Our study suggests that the combinatorial function of TFs achieves an appropriate balance of metabolic pathways to induce naive PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sone
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akito Tanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - John E Heuser
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemach, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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25
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Hosoya M, Czysz K. Translational Prospects and Challenges in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research in Drug Discovery. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040046. [PMID: 28009813 PMCID: PMC5187530 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts to improve the process of drug discovery and development, achieving success at the clinical stage remains challenging because of a persistent translational gap between the preclinical and clinical settings. Under these circumstances, the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has brought new hope to the drug discovery field because they enable scientists to humanize a variety of pharmacological and toxicological models in vitro. The availability of human iPS cell-derived cells, particularly as an alternative for difficult-to-access tissues and organs, is increasing steadily; however, their use in the field of translational medicine remains challenging. Biomarkers are an essential part of the translational effort to shift new discoveries from bench to bedside as they provide a measurable indicator with which to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological effects in both the preclinical and clinical settings. In general, during the preclinical stage of the drug development process, in vitro models that are established to recapitulate human diseases are validated by using a set of biomarkers; however, their translatability to a clinical setting remains problematic. This review provides an overview of current strategies for human iPS cell-based drug discovery from the perspective of translational research, and discusses the importance of early consideration of clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hosoya
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Katherine Czysz
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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26
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Laminin-guided highly efficient endothelial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35680. [PMID: 27804979 PMCID: PMC5090224 DOI: 10.1038/srep35680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining highly purified differentiated cells via directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is an essential step for their clinical application. Among the various conditions that should be optimized, the precise role and contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during differentiation are relatively unclear. Here, using a short fragment of laminin 411 (LM411-E8), an ECM predominantly expressed in the vascular endothelial basement membrane, we demonstrate that the directed switching of defined ECMs robustly yields highly-purified (>95%) endothelial progenitor cells (PSC-EPCs) without cell sorting from hPSCs in an integrin-laminin axis-dependent manner. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that LM411-E8 resolved intercellular transcriptional heterogeneity and escorted the progenitor cells to the appropriate differentiation pathway. The PSC-EPCs gave rise to functional endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. We therefore propose that sequential switching of defined matrices is an important concept for guiding cells towards desired fate.
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27
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Horowitz M, Elstein D, Zimran A, Goker-Alpan O. New Directions in Gaucher Disease. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1121-1136. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
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29
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Sabapathy V, Kumar S. hiPSC-derived iMSCs: NextGen MSCs as an advanced therapeutically active cell resource for regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1571-88. [PMID: 27097531 PMCID: PMC4956943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being assessed for ameliorating the severity of graft‐versus‐host disease, autoimmune conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular diseases. While most of these clinical therapeutic applications require substantial cell quantities, the number of MSCs that can be obtained initially from a single donor remains limited. The utility of MSCs derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been shown in recent pre‐clinical studies. Since adult MSCs have limited capability regarding proliferation, the quantum of bioactive factor secretion and immunomodulation ability may be constrained. Hence, the alternate source of MSCs is being considered to replace the commonly used adult tissue‐derived MSCs. The MSCs have been obtained from various adult and foetal tissues. The hiPSC‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) are transpiring as an attractive source of MSCs because during reprogramming process, cells undergo rejuvination, exhibiting better cellular vitality such as survival, proliferation and differentiations potentials. The autologous iMSCs could be considered as an inexhaustible source of MSCs that could be used to meet the unmet clinical needs. Human‐induced PSC‐derived MSCs are reported to be superior when compared to the adult MSCs regarding cell proliferation, immunomodulation, cytokines profiles, microenvironment modulating exosomes and bioactive paracrine factors secretion. Strategies such as derivation and propagation of iMSCs in chemically defined culture conditions and use of footprint‐free safer reprogramming strategies have contributed towards the development of clinically relevant cell types. In this review, the role of iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) as an alternate source of therapeutically active MSCs has been described. Additionally, we also describe the role of iMSCs in regenerative medical applications, the necessary strategies, and the regulatory policies that have to be enforced to render iMSC's effectiveness in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mori E, Fujikura J, Noguchi M, Nakao K, Matsubara M, Sone M, Taura D, Kusakabe T, Ebihara K, Tanaka T, Hosoda K, Takahashi K, Asaka I, Inagaki N, Nakao K. Impaired adipogenic capacity in induced pluripotent stem cells from lipodystrophic patients with BSCL2 mutations. Metabolism 2016; 65:543-56. [PMID: 26975546 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by marked scarcity of adipose tissue, extreme insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and early-onset diabetes. Mutation of the BSCL2/SEIPIN gene causes the most severe form of CGL. The aim of this study was to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from patients with CGL harboring BSCL2/SEIPIN mutations. METHODS Skin biopsies were obtained from two Japanese patients with CGL harboring different nonsense mutations (E189X and R275X) in BSCL2/SEIPIN. The fibroblasts thus obtained were infected with retroviruses encoding OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. The generated iPS cells were evaluated for pluripotency by examining the expression of pluripotency markers (alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and NANOG) and their ability to differentiate to three germ layers in vitro by forming embryoid bodies, and to form teratomas in vivo. Adipogenic capacity of differentiated BSCL2-iPS cells was determined by oil red O and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) staining. Rescue experiments were also performed using stable expression of wild-type BSCL2. A coimmunoprecipitation assay was conducted to investigate the interaction of SEIPIN with ADRP. RESULTS iPS cells were generated from fibroblasts of the two patients with CGL. Each of the patient-derived iPS (BSCL2-iPS) clones showed all of the hallmarks of pluripotency and could differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers in vitro by forming embryoid bodies, and form teratomas after injection into mouse testes. BSCL2-iPS cells maintained the mutations in BSCL2 and lacked intact BSCL2. Upon adipogenic differentiation, BSCL2-iPS cells exhibited marked reduction of lipid droplet formation concomitant with diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of ADRP, compared with iPS cells from healthy individuals. Forced expression of BSCL2 not only rescued the lipid accumulation defects, but also restored cytoplasmic punctate localization of ADRP in BSCL2-iPS cells. Coimmunoprecipitation indicated SEIPIN interacted with ADRP. CONCLUSION BSCL2-iPS cells that recapitulate the lipodystrophic phenotypes in vitro could provide valuable models with which to study the physiology of lipid accumulation and the pathology of human lipodystrophy. We found that BSCL2 defines the localization of ADRP, which has a role in lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Mori
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junji Fujikura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Michio Noguchi
- Medical Innovation Center (MIC), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakao
- Department of Peptide Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsubara
- Medical Innovation Center (MIC), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Peptide Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kiminori Hosoda
- Department of Human Health Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center (MIC), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Zhou Q, Aksentijevich I, Wood GM, Walts AD, Hoffmann P, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Ombrello AK. Brief Report: Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome Caused by a Myeloid-Restricted Somatic NLRP3 Mutation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2482-6. [PMID: 25988971 PMCID: PMC4551575 DOI: 10.1002/art.39190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the cause of disease in an adult patient presenting with recent-onset fevers, chills, urticaria, fatigue, and profound myalgia, who was found to be negative for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) NLRP3 mutations by conventional Sanger DNA sequencing. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing using DNA from the patient's whole blood to identify a possible NLRP3 somatic mutation. We then screened for this mutation in subcloned NLRP3 amplicons from fibroblasts, buccal cells, granulocytes, negatively selected monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes and further confirmed the somatic mutation by targeted sequencing of exon 3. RESULTS We identified a previously reported CAPS-associated mutation, p.Tyr570Cys, with a mutant allele frequency of 15% based on exome data. Targeted sequencing and subcloning of NLRP3 amplicons confirmed the presence of the somatic mutation in whole blood at a ratio similar to the exome data. The mutant allele frequency was in the range of 13.3-16.8% in monocytes and 15.2-18% in granulocytes. Notably, this mutation was either absent or present at a very low frequency in B and T lymphocytes, in buccal cells, and in the patient's cultured fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the possibility of myeloid-restricted somatic mosaicism in the pathogenesis of CAPS, underscoring the emerging role of massively parallel sequencing in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Geryl M. Wood
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avram D. Walts
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yokoyama K, Ikeya M, Umeda K, Oda H, Nodomi S, Nasu A, Matsumoto Y, Izawa K, Horigome K, Kusaka T, Tanaka T, Saito MK, Yasumi T, Nishikomori R, Ohara O, Nakayama N, Nakahata T, Heike T, Toguchida J. Enhanced chondrogenesis of induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease occurs via the caspase 1-independent cAMP/protein kinase A/CREB pathway. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:302-14. [PMID: 25302486 DOI: 10.1002/art.38912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease caused by NLRP3 mutations. NOMID pathophysiology is explained by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which produces interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, epiphyseal overgrowth in NOMID is resistant to anti-IL-1 therapy and may therefore occur independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of mutated NLRP3 on chondrocytes using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with NOMID. METHODS We established isogenic iPSCs with wild-type or mutant NLRP3 from 2 NOMID patients with NLRP3 somatic mosaicism. The iPSCs were differentiated into chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. The phenotypes of chondrocytes with wild-type and mutant NLRP3 were compared, particularly the size of the chondrocyte tissue produced. RESULTS Mutant iPSCs produced larger chondrocyte masses than wild-type iPSCs owing to glycosaminoglycan overproduction, which correlated with increased expression of the chondrocyte master regulator SOX9. In addition, in vivo transplantation of mutant cartilaginous pellets into immunodeficient mice caused disorganized endochondral ossification. Enhanced chondrogenesis was independent of caspase 1 and IL-1, and thus the NLRP3 inflammasome. Investigation of the human SOX9 promoter in chondroprogenitor cells revealed that the CREB/ATF-binding site was critical for SOX9 overexpression caused by mutated NLRP3. This was supported by increased levels of cAMP and phosphorylated CREB in mutant chondroprogenitor cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the intrinsic hyperplastic capacity of NOMID chondrocytes is dependent on the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, independent of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Abstract
With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, it is now possible to convert differentiated somatic cells into multipotent stem cells that have the capacity to generate all cell types of adult tissues. Thus, there is a wide variety of applications for this technology, including regenerative medicine, in vitro disease modeling, and drug screening/discovery. Although biological and biochemical techniques have been well established for cell reprogramming, bioengineering technologies offer novel tools for the reprogramming, expansion, isolation, and differentiation of iPS cells. In this article, we review these bioengineering approaches for the derivation and manipulation of iPS cells and focus on their relevance to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Hirschi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511;
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Abstract
Protein secretion, a key intercellular event for transducing cellular signals, is thought to be strictly regulated. However, secretion dynamics at the single-cell level have not yet been clarified because intercellular heterogeneity results in an averaging response from the bulk cell population. To address this issue, we developed a novel assay platform for real-time imaging of protein secretion at single-cell resolution by a sandwich immunoassay monitored by total internal reflection microscopy in sub-nanolitre-sized microwell arrays. Real-time secretion imaging on the platform at 1-min time intervals allowed successful detection of the heterogeneous onset time of nonclassical IL-1β secretion from monocytes after external stimulation. The platform also helped in elucidating the chronological relationship between loss of membrane integrity and IL-1β secretion. The study results indicate that this unique monitoring platform will serve as a new and powerful tool for analysing protein secretion dynamics with simultaneous monitoring of intracellular events by live-cell imaging.
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Garate Z, Davis BR, Quintana-Bustamante O, Segovia JC. New frontier in regenerative medicine: site-specific gene correction in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:571-83. [PMID: 23675640 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell and gene therapy are opening up new avenues for regenerative medicine. Because of their acquired pluripotency, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising source of autologous cells for regenerative medicine. They show unlimited self-renewal while retaining the ability, in principle, to differentiate into any cell type of the human body. Since Yamanaka and colleagues first reported the generation of hiPSCs in 2007, significant efforts have been made to understand the reprogramming process and to generate hiPSCs with potential for clinical use. On the other hand, the development of gene-editing platforms to increase homologous recombination efficiency, namely DNA nucleases (zinc finger nucleases, TAL effector nucleases, and meganucleases), is making the application of locus-specific gene therapy in human cells an achievable goal. The generation of patient-specific hiPSC, together with gene correction by homologous recombination, will potentially allow for their clinical application in the near future. In fact, reports have shown targeted gene correction through DNA-Nucleases in patient-specific hiPSCs. Various technologies have been described to reprogram patient cells and to correct these patient hiPSCs. However, no approach has been clearly more efficient and safer than the others. In addition, there are still significant challenges for the clinical application of these technologies, such as inefficient differentiation protocols, genetic instability resulting from the reprogramming process and hiPSC culture itself, the efficacy and specificity of the engineered DNA nucleases, and the overall homologous recombination efficiency. To summarize advances in the generation of gene corrected patient-specific hiPSCs, this review focuses on the available technological platforms, including their strengths and limitations regarding future therapeutic use of gene-corrected hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Garate
- Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Nagata N, Yamanaka S. Perspectives for induced pluripotent stem cell technology: new insights into human physiology involved in somatic mosaicism. Circ Res 2014; 114:505-10. [PMID: 24481841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell technology makes in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells from individuals with various genetic backgrounds possible. By applying this technology, it is possible to produce pluripotent stem cells from biopsy samples of arbitrarily selected individuals with various genetic backgrounds and to subsequently maintain, expand, and stock these cells. From these induced pluripotent stem cells, target cells and tissues can be generated after certain differentiation processes. These target cells/tissues are expected to be useful in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug screening, toxicology testing, and proof-of-concept studies in drug development. Therefore, the number of publications concerning induced pluripotent stem cells has recently been increasing rapidly, demonstrating that this technology has begun to infiltrate many aspects of stem cell biology and medical applications. In this review, we discuss the perspectives of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for modeling human diseases. In particular, we focus on the cloning event occurring through the reprogramming process and its ability to let us analyze the development of complex disease-harboring somatic mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nagata
- From the Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (N.N., S.Y.); and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (S.Y.)
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Bachove I, Chang C. Anakinra and related drugs targeting interleukin-1 in the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes. Open Access Rheumatol 2014; 6:15-25. [PMID: 27790031 PMCID: PMC5045113 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s46017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anakinra is an interleukin (IL) receptor antagonist that works by blocking the biological activity of IL-1 by competitively inhibiting binding of IL-1 to the type 1 interleukin receptor. IL-1 production is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli and mediates various physiological mechanisms, including inflammation and immunological reactions. Patients with neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) produce excess IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine that regulates innate immune responses. Anakinra binds competitively and this results in a rapid reduction in disease severity. NOMID, also known as chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome, is the most severe clinical phenotype in the spectrum of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes. It is characterized by cutaneous symptoms, arthropathy, and central nervous system involvement. Extensive studies in patients with NOMID have led to advances in characterizing the extent of organ-specific involvement and damage that occurs with chronic overproduction of IL-1β. NOMID is caused predominantly by mutations in the NLRP3/CIAS1 gene that encodes for the protein cryopyrin, leading to activation of the “NLRP3 inflammasome complex”. This in turn regulates the maturation and secretion of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. The clinical value of IL-1β has been demonstrated by the positive response of patients after treatment with anakinra, with rapid improvement in clinical symptoms, markers of inflammation, and a significant decrease in major organ manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inessa Bachove
- Cooper University Hospital, Children's Regional Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE, USA
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Ko HC, Gelb BD. Concise review: drug discovery in the age of the induced pluripotent stem cell. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:500-9. [PMID: 24493856 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the paradigm of drug discovery and development has relied on immortalized cell lines, animal models of human disease, and clinical trials. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology in 2007, a new human in vitro drug testing platform has potentially augmented this set of tools by providing additional ways to screen compounds for safety and efficacy. The growing number of human disease models made with patient-specific iPSCs has made it possible to conduct research on a wide range of disorders, including rare diseases and those with multifactorial origin, as well as to simulate drug effects on difficult-to-obtain tissues such as brain and cardiac muscle. Toxicity and teratogenicity assays developed with iPSC-derived cells can also provide an additional layer of safety before advancing drugs to clinical trials. The incorporation of iPSC technology into drug therapy development holds promise as a more powerful and nuanced approach to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaising C Ko
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myeloid phagocytes: disease modeling and therapeutic applications. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:774-80. [PMID: 24445266 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) have key roles in immune defense, as well as in tissue repair and remodeling. Defective or dysregulated myeloid phagocyte production or function can cause immune dysfunction, blood cell malignancies and inflammatory diseases. The tumor microenvironment can also condition myeloid phagocytes to promote tumor growth. Studies of their physiological and pathophysiological roles and the mechanisms regulating their production and function are crucial for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we examine the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to study myeloid phagocytes in human diseases and develop future therapeutic strategies.
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Yamanaka S. Auf verschlungenen Pfaden zur Pluripotenz (Nobel-Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Honda Y, Ding X, Mussano F, Wiberg A, Ho CM, Nishimura I. Guiding the osteogenic fate of mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells through feedback system control. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3420. [PMID: 24305548 PMCID: PMC3851880 DOI: 10.1038/srep03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based disease modeling presents unique opportunities for mechanistic elucidation and therapeutic targeting. The stable induction of fate-specific differentiation is an essential prerequisite for stem cell-based strategy. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) initiates receptor-regulated Smad phosphorylation, leading to the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) in vitro; however, it requires supra-physiological concentrations, presenting a bottleneck problem for large-scale drug screening. Here, we report the use of a double-objective feedback system control (FSC) with a differential evolution (DE) algorithm to identify osteogenic cocktails of extrinsic factors. Cocktails containing significantly reduced doses of BMP-2 in combination with physiologically relevant doses of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, heparin, retinoic acid and vitamin D achieved accelerated in vitro mineralization of mouse and human MSC. These results provide insight into constructive approaches of FSC to determine the applicable functional and physiological environment for MSC in disease modeling, drug screening and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Honda
- 1] The Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA [2] Craniofacial Function Engineering and Research Unit for Interface Oral Health Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan [3] Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata-Shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
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Portincasa P, Scaccianoce G, Palasciano G. Familial mediterranean fever: a fascinating model of inherited autoinflammatory disorder. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1314-27. [PMID: 24117178 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent and self-limited episodes of fever and painful serositis, lasting 1-3 days. FMF occurs almost exclusively among ethnic groups of the Mediterranean basin, although cases have also been found in Japan and Korean populations. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, response to colchicine and genetic analysis. Novel drugs are emerging, allowing better management of colchicine-resistant/colchicine-intolerant patients. This review aims to attract the attention of the readers on differential diagnosis and management of patients with FMF. METHODS The current state-of-the-art on FMF is outlined, with respect to epidemiological, genetic, pathophysiological and therapeutic characteristics, based on critical analysis of solid scientific literature. RESULTS FMF is more frequent than it was thought before. The phenotypic expression of M694V is more severe than that of V726A. Patients with M694V/M694V homozygosity are exposed to a higher risk of developing renal amyloidosis, arthritis, dermatologic and oral lesions, higher fever and more frequent painful attacks. Life-long therapy with colchicine (1·0-2·4 mg/day) is effective and safe to prevent recurrent attacks and renal amyloidosis and to reverse proteinuria. In nonresponder patients, alternative novel approaches include interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra and the interleukin-1 decoy receptor rilonacept. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of FMF is normal if AA amyloidosis is prevented. Colchicine remains the first-line therapy to treat pain and prevent amyloidosis. A follow-up should include clinical evaluation, therapeutic adjustments, measurement of serum amyloid A and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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43
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Yamanaka S. The winding road to pluripotency (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13900-9. [PMID: 24255017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507 (Japan); Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 (USA).
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Nakamura Y, Kambe N. Linkage of bacterial colonization of skin and the urticaria-like rash of NLRP3-mediated autoinflammatory syndromes through mast cell-derived TNF-α. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Robust and highly-efficient differentiation of functional monocytic cells from human pluripotent stem cells under serum- and feeder cell-free conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59243. [PMID: 23573196 PMCID: PMC3616072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytic lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) play important roles in immune responses and are involved in various pathological conditions. The development of monocytic cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is of particular interest because it provides an unlimited cell source for clinical application and basic research on disease pathology. Although the methods for monocytic cell differentiation from ESCs/iPSCs using embryonic body or feeder co-culture systems have already been established, these methods depend on the use of xenogeneic materials and, therefore, have a relatively poor-reproducibility. Here, we established a robust and highly-efficient method to differentiate functional monocytic cells from ESCs/iPSCs under serum- and feeder cell-free conditions. This method produced 1.3×106±0.3×106 floating monocytes from approximately 30 clusters of ESCs/iPSCs 5–6 times per course of differentiation. Such monocytes could be differentiated into functional macrophages and dendritic cells. This method should be useful for regenerative medicine, disease-specific iPSC studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaza Khuchua
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation; Cincinnati; OH; USA
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47
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Saito MK, Niwa A. Disease-associated iPS cell lines representing hematological and immunological disorders. Inflamm Regen 2012. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.32.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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