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Popa M, Fosse V, Kleinmanns K, Bjørge L, McCormack E. Xenograft Models of Ovarian Cancer for Therapy Evaluation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2424:275-293. [PMID: 34918301 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of novel treatment regimes in ovarian cancer, ranging from cytotoxic agents and targeted therapy to surgery, demands clinically relevant mouse models to mimic human disease. These more advanced preclinical models provide a tool to obtain robust data on the mechanism of action, cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of newly emerging antitumor therapies.In this chapter, we describe how to generate ovarian cancer xenograft models through injection of human tumor cell lines in immunocompromised mice. Detailed methodological descriptions are provided for both the commonly applied subcutaneous model and the more technically challenging orthotopic tumor model that involves inoculation of cancer cells in the ovarian bursa. We demonstrate how to monitor tumor growth and metastases in orthotopic ovarian models through noninvasive optical imaging and the procedures for treatment strategy, including administration of test compounds and debulking surgery. We comment on the strengths, limitations, and procedural challenges associated with each of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Popa
- CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Fosse
- CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrin Kleinmanns
- CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- CCBIO, Centre for Pharmacy, Vivarium, and Department of Clinical Science,, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Shi M, Wang Y, Lin D, Wang Y. Patient-derived xenograft models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:160-169. [PMID: 34767925 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have attracted much attention as clinically relevant models for basic and translational cancer research. PDXs retain the principal histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of their donor tumors and remain stable across passages. These characteristics allow PDXs to offer a reliable platform for better understanding cancer biology, discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and developing novel therapies. A growing interest in generating neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) PDX models has been demonstrated, and such models have proven useful in several areas. This review provides a comprehensive summary of currently available NEPC PDX collections, encompassing 1) primary or secondary sites where patient samples were collected, 2) donor patients' treatment histories, 3) morphological features (i.e., small cell and large cell), and 4) genomic alterations. We also highlight suitable models for various research purposes, including identifying therapeutic targets and evaluating drug responses in models with specific genomic backgrounds. Finally, we provide perspectives on the current knowledge gaps and shed light on future applications and improvements of NEPC PDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Shi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Liang Q, Kong L, Zhu X, Du Y, Tian J. Noninvasive Imaging for Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1455-68. [PMID: 31834570 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological imaging techniques are typically used in the anti-cancer drug efficacy evaluation process. However, these techniques can evaluate the therapeutic efficacy only when the tumor shows anatomic changes-usually at later stages, when the therapeutic effects are poor. In contrast, molecular imaging allows noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth, assessment of drug metabolism, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy at the molecular and cellular levels. Multimodality molecular imaging, which combines the advantages of various imaging modalities, provides even more comprehensive therapeutic efficacy assessment in preclinical and clinical studies. This review provides an overview of molecular imaging evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the anti-tumor drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in preclinical and clinical research, which holds great promise in guiding HCC treatment into the era of precision medicine.
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Krepkova LV, Bortnikova VV, Babenko AN, Mizina PG, Mkhitarov VA, Job KM, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Effects of a new thyrotropic drug isolated from Potentilla alba on the male reproductive system of rats and offspring development. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33441114 PMCID: PMC7807504 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dysfunction of the thyroid gland is a common medical condition. Nowadays, patients frequently use medicinal herbs as complementary or alternative options to conventional drug treatments. These patients may benefit from treatment of thyroid dysfunctions with Potentilla alba L. preparations. While it has been reported that Potentilla alba preparations have low toxicity, nothing is known about their ability to affect reproductive functions in patients of childbearing age. Methods Male Wistar rats were orally treated with a thyrotrophic botanical drug, standardized Potentilla alba Dry Extract (PADE), at doses 8 and 40 times higher than the median therapeutic dose recommended for the clinical trials, for 60 consecutive days. Male Wistar rats receiving water (H2O) were used as controls. After completing treatment, half of the PADE-treated and control males were used to determine PADE gonadotoxicity, and the remaining half of PADE-treated and control males were mated with intact females. Two female rats were housed with one male for two estrus cycles. PADE effects on fertility and fetal/offspring development were evaluated. Results Herein, we report that oral treatment of male Wistar rats with PADE before mating with intact females instigated marked effects on male reproductive organs. Treatment significantly decreased the motility of the sperm and increased the number of pathological forms of spermatozoa. Additionally, a dose-dependent effect on Leydig cells was observed. However, these PADE effects did not significantly affect male fertility nor fetal and offspring development when PADE-treated males were mated with intact females. Conclusions PADE treatment of male rates negatively affected sperm and testicular Leydig cell morphology. However, these changes did not affect male fertility and offspring development. It is currently not known whether PADE treatment may affect human male fertility and offspring development. Therefore, these results from an animal study need to be confirmed in humans. Results from this animal study can be used to model the exposure-response relationship and adverse outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubov V Krepkova
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Grina Street 7, Moscow, 117216, Russia
| | - Valentina V Bortnikova
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Grina Street 7, Moscow, 117216, Russia
| | - Aleksandra N Babenko
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Grina Street 7, Moscow, 117216, Russia
| | - Praskovya G Mizina
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Grina Street 7, Moscow, 117216, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mkhitarov
- FSBI "Research Institute of Human Morphology", 3 Tsyurupy St., Moscow, 117418, Russia
| | - Kathleen M Job
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Catherine M Sherwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton Children's Hospital, Children's Plaza, Dayton, OH, 45404, USA
| | - Elena Y Enioutina
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Schäfer-Korting M, Zoschke C. How Qualification of 3D Disease Models Cuts the Gordian Knot in Preclinical Drug Development. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:29-56. [PMID: 32894342 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical research struggles with its predictive power for drug effects in patients. The clinical success of preclinically approved drug candidates ranges between 3% and 33%. Regardless of the approach, novel disease models and test methods need to prove their relevance and reliability for predicting drug effects in patients, which is usually achieved by method validation. Nevertheless, validating all models appears unrealistic due to the variety of diseases. Thus, novel concepts are needed to increase the quality of preclinical research.Herein, we introduce qualification as a minimal standard to establish the relevance of preclinical models and test methods. Qualification starts with prioritizing and translating scientific requirements into technical parameters by quality function deployment. Qualified models use authenticated cells, which resemble the corresponding cells in humans in morphology and drug target expression. Moreover, disease models differ from normal models in the expression of relevant biomarkers. As a result, qualified test methods can discriminate effects of treatment standards and the effects of weakly effective or ineffective substances. Observer-blind readout, adequate data documentation, dropout inclusion, and a priori power studies are as crucial as realistic dosage regimens for qualified approaches. Here, we showcase the implementation of qualification. Adjusting the level of model complexity and qualification to three defined phases of preclinical research assures the optimal level of certainty at each step.In conclusion, qualification strengthens the researchers' impact by defining basic requirements that novel approaches must fulfill while still allowing for scientific creativity. Qualification helps to improve the predictive power of preclinical research. Applied to human cell-based models, qualification reduces animal testing, since only effective drug candidates are subjected to final animal testing and subsequently to clinical trials.
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Schuch LF, Silveira FM, Wagner VP, Borgato GB, Rocha GZ, Castilho RM, Vargas PA, Martins MD. Head and neck cancer patient-derived xenograft models - A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 155:103087. [PMID: 32992152 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) involve the direct surgical transfer of fresh human tumor samples to immunodeficient mice. This systematic review aimed to identify publications of head and neck cancer PDX (HNC-PDX) models, describing the main methodological characteristics and outcomes. METHODS An electronic search was undertaken in four databases, including publications having used HNC-PDX. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS 63 articles were yielded. The nude mouse was one most commonly animal model used (38.8 %), and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for the majority of HNC-PDX (80.6 %). Tumors were mostly implanted in the flank (86.3 %), and the latency period ranged from 30 to 401 days. The successful rate ranged from 17 % to 100 %. Different drugs and pathways were identified. CONCLUSION HNC-PDX appears to significantly recapitulate the morphology of the original HNC and represents a valuable method in translational research for the assessment of the in vivo effect of novel therapies for HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Schuch
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Silveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian P Wagner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriell B Borgato
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z Rocha
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Pablo A Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoela D Martins
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Koivisto CS, Parrish M, Bonala SB, Ngoi S, Torres A, Gallagher J, Sanchez-Hodge R, Zeinner V, Nahhas GJ, Liu B, Cohn DE, Backes FJ, Goodfellow PJ, Chamberlin HM, Leone G. Evaluating the efficacy of enzalutamide and the development of resistance in a preclinical mouse model of type-I endometrial carcinoma. Neoplasia 2020; 22:484-496. [PMID: 32818842 PMCID: PMC7452078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling is a critical driver of hormone-dependent prostate cancer and has also been proposed to have biological activity in female hormone-dependent cancers, including type I endometrial carcinoma (EMC). In this study, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of a third-generation AR antagonist, enzalutamide, in a genetic mouse model of EMC, Sprr2f-Cre;Ptenfl/fl. In this model, ablation of Pten in the uterine epithelium leads to localized and distant malignant disease as observed in human EMC. We hypothesized that administering enzalutamide through the diet would temporarily decrease the incidence of invasive and metastatic carcinoma, while prolonged administration would result in development of resistance and loss of efficacy. Short-term treatment with enzalutamide reduced overall tumor burden through increased apoptosis but failed to prevent progression of invasive and metastatic disease. These results suggest that AR signaling may have biphasic, oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in EMC that are dependent on disease stage. Enzalutamide treatment increased Progesterone Receptor (PR) expression within both stromal and tumor cell compartments. Prolonged administration of enzalutamide decreased apoptosis, increased tumor burden and resulted in the clonal expansion of tumor cells expressing high levels of p53 protein, suggestive of acquired Trp53 mutations. In conclusion, we show that enzalutamide induces apoptosis in EMC but has limited efficacy overall as a single agent. Induction of PR, a negative regulator of endometrial proliferation, suggests that adding progestin therapy to enzalutamide administration may further decrease tumor burden and result in a prolonged response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Koivisto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Melodie Parrish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Santosh B Bonala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Adrian Torres
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - James Gallagher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Rebekah Sanchez-Hodge
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Victor Zeinner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Georges J Nahhas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Floor J Backes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Helen M Chamberlin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Bae IH, Jeong MH, Kim JH, Park YH, Lim KS, Park DS, Shim JW, Kim JH, Ahn Y, Hong YJ, Sim DS. The Control of Drug Release and Vascular Endothelialization after Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Paclitaxel Multi-Layer Coating Stent Implantation in Porcine Coronary Restenosis Model. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:123-131. [PMID: 28154600 PMCID: PMC5287174 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hyaluronic acid (HA) is highly biocompatible with cells and the extracellular matrix. In contrast to degradation products of a synthetic polymer, degradation products of HA do not acidify the local environment. The aim of this study was to fabricate an HA-coated paclitaxel (PTX)-eluting stent via simple ionic interactions and to evaluate its effects in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS HA and catechol were conjugated by means of an activation agent, and then the stent was immersed in this solution (resulting in a HA-coated stent). After that, PTX was immobilized on the HA-coated stent (resulting in a hyaluronic acid-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent [H-PTX stent]). Study groups were divided into 4 groups: bare metal stent (BMS), HA, H-PTX, and poly (L-lactide)-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent (P-PTX). Stents were randomly implanted in a porcine coronary artery. After 4 weeks, vessels surrounding the stents were isolated and subjected to various analyses. RESULTS Smoothness of the surface was maintained after expansion of the stent. In contrast to a previous study on a PTX-eluting stent, in this study, the PTX was effectively released up to 14 days (a half amount of PTX in 4 days). The proliferation of smooth muscle cells was successfully inhibited (by 80.5±12.11% at 7 days of culture as compared to the control) by PTX released from the stent. Animal experiments showed that the H-PTX stent does not induce an obvious inflammatory response. Nevertheless, restenosis was clearly decreased in the H-PTX stent group (9.8±3.25%) compared to the bare-metal stent group (29.7±8.11%). CONCLUSION A stent was stably coated with PTX via simple ionic interactions with HA. Restenosis was decreased in the H-PTX group. These results suggest that HA, a natural polymer, is suitable for fabrication of drug-eluting stents (without inflammation) as an alternative to a synthetic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Bae
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.; Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.; Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea.; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea.; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea.; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.; Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea
| | - Dae Sung Park
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.; Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.; Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.; Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea.; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea.; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, Korea.; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Zandhaghighi M, Ghazvini K, Meshkat Z, Rezaee SA, Derakhshan M, Soleimanpour S, Hadizadeh F. Screening of the antimycobacterial activity of novel lipophilic agents by the modified broth based method. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2016; 3:1-5. [PMID: 31723679 PMCID: PMC6850257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the introduced susceptibility methods of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have some disadvantages for screening. Therefore, the selection of susceptibility assay for evaluating candidate agents must be determined case by case. In this study, we evaluated the validity of a modified broth dilution-based assay in comparison to the gold standard proportional method for microbial sensitivity test of new lipophilic compounds candidate as antitubercular agents. The in-vitro susceptibilities of 114 M. tuberculosis strains were separately tested against isoniazid and two lipophilic antitubercular agents (derivative of dihydropyridines) by employing the standard proportional method and a modified broth dilution-based assay. The results for isoniazid testing showed 100% concordance for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. In the case of microbial sensitivity test of lipophilic compounds, comparison of the results obtained from these two methods indicates a significant superiority of the modified method over the standard method. Considering the other advantages of this modified method, we concluded that this modified broth dilution-based assay could be utilized effectively for the susceptibility testing of new lipophilic compounds candidate as antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zandhaghighi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Bu-Ali Research Institute & Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Bu-Ali Research Institute & Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Bu-Ali Research Institute & Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Bu-Ali Research Institute & Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Derakhshan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Bu-Ali Research Institute & Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center & Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Bu-Ali Research Institute & Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ye Z, Liu CF, Lanikova L, Dowey SN, He C, Huang X, Brodsky RA, Spivak JL, Prchal JT, Cheng L. Differential sensitivity to JAK inhibitory drugs by isogenic human erythroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors generated from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:269-78. [PMID: 24105986 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to establish novel disease models and accelerate drug development using distinct tissue target cells generated from isogenic iPSC lines with and without disease-causing mutations. To realize the potential of iPSCs in modeling acquired diseases which are usually heterogeneous, we have generated multiple iPSC lines including two lines that are JAK2-wild-type and four lines homozygous for JAK2-V617F somatic mutation from a single polycythemia vera (PV) patient blood. In vitro differentiation of the same patient-derived iPSC lines have demonstrated the differential contributions of their parental hematopoietic clones to the abnormal erythropoiesis including the formation of endogenous erythroid colonies. This iPSC approach thus may provide unique and valuable insights into the genetic events responsible for disease development. To examine the potential of iPSCs in drug testing, we generated isogenic hematopoietic progenitors and erythroblasts from the same iPSC lines derived from PV patients and normal donors. Their response to three clinical JAK inhibitors, INCB018424 (Ruxolitinib), TG101348 (SAR302503), and the more recent CYT387 was evaluated. All three drugs similarly inhibited erythropoiesis from normal and PV iPSC lines containing the wild-type JAK2 genotype, as well as those containing a homozygous or heterozygous JAK2-V617F activating mutation that showed increased erythropoiesis without a JAK inhibitor. However, the JAK inhibitors had less inhibitory effect on the self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. The iPSC-mediated disease modeling thus underlies the ineffectiveness of the current JAK inhibitors and provides a modeling system to develop better targeted therapies for the JAK2 mutated hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Schafer PH, Parton A, Capone L, Cedzik D, Brady H, Evans JF, Man HW, Muller GW, Stirling DI, Chopra R. Apremilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with regulatory effects on innate immunity. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2016-29. [PMID: 24882690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Apremilast, an oral small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), is in development for chronic inflammatory disorders, and has shown efficacy in psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathies, and Behçet's syndrome. In March 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved apremilast for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis. The properties of apremilast were evaluated to determine its specificity, effects on intracellular signaling, gene and protein expression, and in vivo pharmacology using models of innate and adaptive immunity. Apremilast inhibited PDE4 isoforms from all four sub-families (A1A, B1, B2, C1, and D2), with IC50 values in the range of 10 to 100 nM. Apremilast did not significantly inhibit other PDEs, kinases, enzymes, or receptors. While both apremilast and thalidomide share a phthalimide ring structure, apremilast lacks the glutarimide ring and thus fails to bind to cereblon, the target of thalidomide action. In monocytes and T cells, apremilast elevated intracellular cAMP and induced phosphorylation of the protein kinase A substrates CREB and activating transcription factor-1 while inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity, resulting in both up- and down-regulation of several genes induced via TLR4. Apremilast reduced interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inhibited T-cell cytokine production, but had little effect on B-cell immunoglobulin secretion. In a transgenic T-cell and B-cell transfer murine model, apremilast (5mg/kg/day p.o.) did not affect clonal expansion of either T or B cells and had little or no effect on their expression of activation markers. The effect of apremilast on innate immunity was tested in the ferret lung neutrophilia model, which allows monitoring of the known PDE4 inhibitor gastrointestinal side effects (nausea and vomiting). Apremilast significantly inhibited lung neutrophilia at 1mg/kg, but did not induce significant emetic reflexes at doses <30 mg/kg. Overall, the pharmacological effects of apremilast are consistent with those of a targeted PDE4 inhibitor, with selective effects on innate immune responses and a wide therapeutic index compared to its gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Schafer
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA.
| | - A Parton
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - L Capone
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - D Cedzik
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - H Brady
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - J F Evans
- Department of Biology, PharmAkea, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - H-W Man
- Department of Process Chemistry, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - G W Muller
- GWM Consulting, Rancho Santa Fe, CA, USA
| | | | - R Chopra
- Department of Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
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Abstract
For decades, the paradigm of drug discovery and development has relied on immortalized cell lines, animal models of human disease, and clinical trials. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology in 2007, a new human in vitro drug testing platform has potentially augmented this set of tools by providing additional ways to screen compounds for safety and efficacy. The growing number of human disease models made with patient-specific iPSCs has made it possible to conduct research on a wide range of disorders, including rare diseases and those with multifactorial origin, as well as to simulate drug effects on difficult-to-obtain tissues such as brain and cardiac muscle. Toxicity and teratogenicity assays developed with iPSC-derived cells can also provide an additional layer of safety before advancing drugs to clinical trials. The incorporation of iPSC technology into drug therapy development holds promise as a more powerful and nuanced approach to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaising C Ko
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Kim JH, Kim IH, Shin JH, Kim HJ, Kim IA. Sequence-Dependent Radiosensitization of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Trichostatin A and SK-7041. Cancer Res Treat 2013; 45:334-42. [PMID: 24454006 PMCID: PMC3893331 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2013.45.4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This preclinical study is to determine whether the capacity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to enhance radiation response depends on temporal sequences of HDAC inhibition and irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and SK-7041 on radiosensitivity in human lung cancer cells were examined using a clonogenic assay, exposing cells to HDAC inhibitors in various sequences of HDAC inhibition and radiation. We performed Western blot of acetylated histone H3 and flow cytometry to analyze cell cycle phase distribution. RESULTS TSA and SK-7041 augmented radiation cell lethality in an exposure time-dependent manner when delivered before irradiation. The impact of TSA and SK-7041 on radiosensitivity rapidly diminished when HDAC inhibition was delayed after irradiation. Radiation induced the acetylation of histone H3 in cells exposed to TSA, while irradiation alone had no effect on the expression of acetylated histone H3 in TSA-naïve cells. Preirradiation exposure to TSA abrogated radiation-induced G2/M-phase arrest. When delivered after irradiation, TSA had no effect on the peak of radiation-induced G2/M-phase arrest. CONCLUSION TSA and SK-7041 enhances radiosensitivity only when delivered before irradiation. Unless proven otherwise, it seems prudent to apply scheduling including preirradiation HDAC inhibition so that maximal radiosensitization is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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