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Garlapati V, Molitor M, Michna T, Harms GS, Finger S, Jung R, Lagrange J, Efentakis P, Wild J, Knorr M, Karbach S, Wild S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Münzel T, Daiber A, Brandt M, Gori T, Milting H, Tenzer S, Ruf W, Wenzel P. Targeting myeloid cell coagulation signaling blocks MAP kinase/TGF-β1-driven fibrotic remodeling in ischemic heart failure. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:156436. [PMID: 36548062 PMCID: PMC9927945 DOI: 10.1172/jci156436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in acute interventions for myocardial infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and excess fibrosis after MI causing ischemic heart failure (IHF) remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Here we identify a profibrotic coagulation signaling pathway that can be targeted for improved cardiac function following MI with persistent ischemia. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of cardiac tissue revealed an upregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human IHF. Intervention in this pathway with trametinib improves myocardial function and prevents fibrotic remodeling in a murine model of non-reperfused MI. MAPK activation in MI requires myeloid cell signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 linked to the cytoplasmic domain of the coagulation initiator tissue factor (TF). They act upstream of pro-oxidant NOX2 NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and activation of profibrotic TGF-β1. Specific targeting with the TF inhibitor nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (NAPc2) starting 1 day after established experimental MI averts IHF. Increased TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation in circulating monocytes from patients with subacute MI identifies a potential thromboinflammatory biomarker reflective of increased risk for IHF and suitable for patient selection to receive targeted TF inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Molitor
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Michna
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory S Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany and.,Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maike Knorr
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON) Mainz, Germany and.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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Post-transcriptional, post-translational and pharmacological regulation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 29:668-682. [PMID: 30439766 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
: Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous natural anticoagulant that readily inhibits the extrinsic coagulation initiation complex (TF-FVIIa-Xa) and prothrombinase (FXa, FVa and calcium ions). Alternatively, spliced TFPI isoforms (α, β and δ) are expressed by vascular and extravascular cells and regulate thrombosis and haemostasis, as well as cell signalling functions of TF complexes via protease-activated receptors (PARs). Proteolysis of TFPI plays an important role in regulating physiological roles of the TF pathway in host defense and possibly haemostasis. Elimination of TFPI inhibition has therefore been proposed as an approach to improve haemostasis in haemophilia patients. In this review, we focus on posttranscription and translational modification of TFPI and its function in thrombosis and how pharmacological inhibitors and endogenous proteases interfere with TFPI and alter haemostasis.
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Tinholt M, Stavik B, Louch W, Carlson CR, Sletten M, Ruf W, Skretting G, Sandset PM, Iversen N. Syndecan-3 and TFPI colocalize on the surface of endothelial-, smooth muscle-, and cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117404. [PMID: 25617766 PMCID: PMC4305309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) exists in two isoforms; TFPIα and TFPIβ. Both isoforms are cell surface attached mainly through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. TFPIα has also been proposed to bind other surface molecules, like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Cell surface TFPIβ has been shown to exert higher anticoagulant activity than TFPIα, suggesting alternative functions for TFPIα. Further characterization and search for novel TFPI binding partners is crucial to completely understand the biological functions of cell associated TFPI. Methods and Results Potential association of TFPI to heparan sulphate (HS) proteoglycans in the syndecan family were evaluated by knock down studies and flow cytometry analysis. Cell surface colocalization was assessed by confocal microscopy, and native PAGE or immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting was used to test for protein interaction. Heparanase was used to enzymatically degrade cell surface HS GAGs. Anticoagulant potential was evaluated using a factor Xa (FXa) activity assay. Knock down of syndecan-3 in endothelial,- smooth muscle- and breast cancer cells reduced the TFPI surface levels by 20-50%, and an association of TFPIα to syndecan-3 on the cell surface was demonstrated. Western blotting indicated that TFPIα was found in complex with syndecan-3. The TFPI bound to syndecan-3 did not inhibit the FXa generation. Removal of HS GAGs did not release TFPI antigen from the cells. Conclusions We demonstrated an association between TFPIα and syndecan-3 in vascular cells and in cancer cells, which did not appear to depend on HS GAGs. No anticoagulant activity was detected for the TFPI associated with syndecan-3, which may indicate coagulation independent functions for this cell associated TFPI pool. This will, however, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tinholt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Department of Haematology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Sletten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Grethe Skretting
- Department of Haematology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Department of Haematology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Iversen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Activated factor XI increases the procoagulant activity of the extrinsic pathway by inactivating tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood 2015; 125:1488-96. [PMID: 25587039 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-604587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of coagulation factor XI (FXI) may play a role in hemostasis. The primary substrate of activated FXI (FXIa) is FIX, leading to FX activation (FXa) and thrombin generation. However, recent studies suggest the hemostatic role of FXI may not be restricted to the activation of FIX. We explored whether FXI could interact with and inhibit the activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). TFPI is an essential reversible inhibitor of activated factor X (FXa) and also inhibits the FVIIa-TF complex. We found that FXIa neutralized both endothelium- and platelet-derived TFPI by cleaving the protein between the Kunitz (K) 1 and K2 domains (Lys86/Thr87) and at the active sites of the K2 (Arg107/Gly108) and K3 (Arg199/Ala200) domains. Addition of FXIa to plasma was able to reverse the ability of TFPI to prolong TF-initiated clotting times in FXI- or FIX-deficient plasma, as well as FXa-initiated clotting times in FX-deficient plasma. Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with FXIa increased the generation of FXa and promoted TF-dependent fibrin formation in recalcified plasma. Together, these results suggest that the hemostatic role of FXIa may be attributed not only to activation of FIX but also to promoting the extrinsic pathway of thrombin generation through inactivation of TFPI.
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Abstract
Recent studies of the anticoagulant activities of the tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) isoforms, TFPIα and TFPIβ, have provided new insight into the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that underlie bleeding and clotting disorders. TFPIα and TFPIβ have tissue-specific expression patterns and anticoagulant activities. An alternative splicing event in the 5' untranslated region allows for translational regulation of TFPIβ expression. TFPIα has 3 Kunitz-type inhibitor domains (K1, K2, K3) and a basic C terminus, whereas TFPIβ has the K1 and K2 domains attached to a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored C terminus. TFPIα is the only isoform present in platelets, whereas endothelial cells produce both isoforms, secreting TFPIα and expressing TFPIβ on the cell surface. TFPIα and TFPIβ inhibit both TF-factor VIIa-dependent factor Xa (FXa) generation and free FXa. Protein S enhances FXa inhibition by TFPIα. TFPIα produces isoform-specific inhibition of prothrombinase during the initiation of coagulation, an anticoagulant activity that requires an exosite interaction between its basic C terminus and an acidic region in the factor Va B domain. Platelet TFPIα may be optimally localized to dampen initial thrombin generation. Similarly, endothelial TFPIβ may be optimally localized to inhibit processes that occur when endothelial TF is present, such as during the inflammatory response.
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6
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Sambola A, Francisco J, García -Del Blanco B, Aguadé S, Candell-Riera J, Martí G, Figueras J, Barrabés JA, Millán X, García-Dorado D. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor is an early biomarker of myocardial injury in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:279-81. [PMID: 24461489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Cellular expression and biological activities of alternatively spliced forms of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Curr Opin Hematol 2013; 20:403-9. [PMID: 23839295 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3283634412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an anticoagulant protein that inhibits tissue factor-factor VIIa (TF-fVIIa) and factor Xa (fXa). Recent studies revealed distinct cellular expression patterns for TFPIα and TFPIβ and spurred additional experiments to define unique functions for these alternatively spliced TFPI isoforms. RECENT FINDINGS TFPIα is produced by endothelial cells, localizes to an intracellular granule, and is released following cellular stimulation with thrombin or heparin. TFPIα also is produced by megakaryocytes and released from activated platelets. Platelet TFPIα limits clot growth following vessel injury and alters bleeding in hemophilia, suggesting that its primary physiological role is modulation of clot development. TFPIβ is made by endothelial cells, localizes to the endothelium surface, and is not in platelets. TFPIβ is an effective inhibitor of TF-mediated cellular migration and may act to dampen the adverse effects of intravascular TF expressed during inflammation. SUMMARY Knowledge of TFPI isoform expression and activity provides new insights into the biochemical regulation of TF-mediated thrombotic and inflammatory disease. Recent findings have therapeutic implications for use of recombinant TFPI to treat severe sepsis in community-acquired pneumonia or to achieve improved engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells, and for development of TFPI-blocking pharmaceuticals to treat hemophilia.
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8
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Basavaraj MG, Olsen JO, Østerud B, Hansen JB. Differential ability of tissue factor antibody clones on detection of tissue factor in blood cells and microparticles. Thromb Res 2012; 130:538-46. [PMID: 22728024 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of coagulation in vivo, plays a major role in both thrombosis and hemostasis. The expression of TF in monocytes is well documented, but its presence in other blood cells has been disputed, possibly due to methodological variations among different studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied TF expression on platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes and microparticles (MPs) by flow cytometry (FCM) with five commercially available mouse anti-human TF antibodies (HTF-1, TF9-10H10, CLB/TF-5, VIC7 and VD8). The ability of different TF antibodies to inhibit cell surface TF activity was explored by incubating LPS-stimulated monocytes and MPs derived from LPS-stimulated monocytes (MMPs) with TF antibodies followed by measuring TF activity. RESULTS HTF-1 detected TF only on LPS-stimulated monocytes, whereas, TF9-10H10 and VD8 detected TF associated with MPs and MMPs in addition to LPS stimulated monocytes. Surprisingly, CLB/TF-5 and VIC7 detected TF on platelets, monocytes even under unstimulated conditions, in addition to MPs and MMPs. CLB/TF-5 also detected TF on unstimulated lymphocytes. Inhibitory studies showed that at a final concentration of 10 μg/mL, HTF-1, CLB/TF-5 and VD8 inhibited monocyte TF activity by 81-84% and MMP TF activity by 92-96%; whereas TF9-10H10 had no inhibitory effect on TF activity in monocytes and MMPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest non-specific binding by the CLB/TF-5 and VIC7 antibodies in a FCM test system and explain at least some of the reports on TF presence in blood cells, particularly TF associated with platelets and MPs. TF9-10H10 and VD8 are more suitable to detect TF on MPs by FCM.
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9
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Hemostatic effect of a monoclonal antibody mAb 2021 blocking the interaction between FXa and TFPI in a rabbit hemophilia model. Blood 2012; 119:5871-8. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-401620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHemophilia is treated by IV replacement therapy with Factor VIII (FVIII) or Factor IX (FIX), either on demand to resolve bleeding, or as prophylaxis. Improved treatment may be provided by drugs designed for subcutaneous and less frequent administration with a reduced risk of inhibitor formation. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) down-regulates the initiation of coagulation by inhibition of Factor VIIa (FVIIa)/tissue factor/Factor Xa (FVIIa/TF/FXa). Blockage of TFPI inhibition may facilitate thrombin generation in a hemophilic setting. A high-affinity (KD = 25pM) mAb, mAb 2021, against TFPI was investigated. Binding of mAb 2021 to TFPI effectively prevented inhibition of FVIIa/TF/FXa and improved clot formation in hemophilia blood and plasma. The binding epitope on the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domain 2 of TFPI was mapped by crystallography, and showed an extensive overlap with the FXa contact region highlighting a structural basis for its mechanism of action. In a rabbit hemophilia model, an intravenous or subcutaneous dose significantly reduced cuticle bleeding. mAb 2021 showed an effect comparable with that of rFVIIa. Cuticle bleeding in the model was reduced for at least 7 days by a single intravenous dose of mAb 2021. This study suggests that neutralization of TFPI by mAb 2021 may constitute a novel treatment option in hemophilia.
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10
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Maroney SA, Mast AE. Platelet tissue factor pathway inhibitor modulates intravascular coagulation. Thromb Res 2012; 129 Suppl 2:S21-2. [PMID: 22425319 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is produced by megakaryocytes and is found internally within quiescent platelets but is not in α-granules. It is released in soluble form and expressed on the surface of platelets that are dual activated with thrombin plus collagen. Platelet TFPI is exclusively TFPIα, the most evolutionarily conserved TFPI isoform. It appears to be physiologically active as an inhibitor of tissue factor (TF) initiated FXa generation in vitro, and acts locally to dampen clot growth in a murine vascular injury model. These data suggest that platelet TFPI plays an important role in modulating TF activity within a growing clot thereby preventing formation of an occlusive clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA.
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11
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Absence of hematopoietic tissue factor pathway inhibitor mitigates bleeding in mice with hemophilia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3927-31. [PMID: 22355108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119858109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) blocks thrombin generation via the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway. Because the severe bleeding in patients with hemophilia occurs from deficiency of intrinsic blood coagulation pathway factor VIII or IX, pharmacological agents that inactivate TFPI and, therefore, restore thrombin generation via the extrinsic pathway, are being developed for treatment of hemophilia. Murine models of combined TFPI and factor VIII deficiency were used to examine the impact of TFPI deficiency on bleeding and clotting in hemophilia. In breeding studies, Factor VIII null (F8(-/-)) did not rescue the embryonic death of TFPI null (Tfpi(-/-)) mice. Tfpi(+/-) did not alter the bleeding phenotype of F8(-/-) mice. However, total inhibition of intravascular TFPI through injection of anti-TFPI antibody mitigated tail vein bleeding. Interestingly, tail blood loss progressively decreased at doses greater than needed to totally inhibit plasma TFPI, suggesting that inhibition of a sequestered pool of TFPI released at the injury site mitigates bleeding. Because TFPI is sequestered within platelets and released following their activation, the function of platelet TFPI was examined in F8(-/-) mice lacking hematopoietic cell TFPI that was generated by fetal liver transplantation. Blood loss after tail transection significantly decreased in Tfpi(+/-);F8(-/-) mice with hematopoietic Tfpi(-/-) cells compared with Tfpi(+/-);F8(-/-) mice with Tfpi(+/+) hematopoietic cells. Additionally, following femoral vein injury, Tfpi(+/-);F8(-/-) mice with Tfpi(-/-) hematopoietic cells had increased fibrin deposition compared with identical-genotype mice with Tfpi(+/+) hematopoietic cells. These findings implicate platelet TFPI as a primary physiological regulator of bleeding in hemophilia.
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12
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The Interface between Inflammation and Coagulation in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Inflam 2012; 2012:860301. [PMID: 22518344 PMCID: PMC3299274 DOI: 10.1155/2012/860301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The intimate connection between coagulation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of vascular disease has moved more and more into focus of clinical research. This paper focuses on the essential components of this interplay in the settings of cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndrome. Tissue factor, the main initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, plays a central role via causing a proinflammatory response through activation of coagulation factors and thereby initiating coagulation and downstream cellular signalling pathways. Regarding activated clotting factors II, X, and VII, protease-activated receptors provide the molecular link between coagulation and inflammation. Hereby, PAR-1 displays deleterious as well as beneficial properties. Unravelling these interrelations may help developing new strategies to ameliorate the detrimental reciprocal aggravation of inflammation and coagulation.
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13
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Increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor and homocysteine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Øvstebø R, Aass HCD, Haug KBF, Trøseid AMS, Gopinathan U, Kierulf P, Berg JP, Brandtzaeg P, Henriksson CE. LPS from Neisseria meningitidis is crucial for inducing monocyte- and microparticle-associated tissue factor activity but not for tissue factor expression. Innate Immun 2011; 18:580-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425911428230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis causes sepsis with coagulopathy. The present study evaluated the tissue factor (TF)-inducing capacity of bacterial LPS in different presentation forms, i.e. membrane-bound LPS versus purified LPS, and of non-LPS components of N. meningitidis. By using a wild-type N. meningitidis, a mutant N. meningitidis lacking LPS (LPS-deficient N. meningitidis), purified LPS from N. meningitidis and Escherichia coli, we measured TF-expression and TF-activity on human monocytes and microparticles (MPs). The effect of TF-modulators, such as phosphatidylserine (PS), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and recombinant IL-10 (rhIL-10) was investigated. In plasmas from meningococcal patients, fibrinopeptide A (FPA), LPS and IL-10 were quantified. Monocytes and MPs exposed to purified LPS or wild-type N. meningitidis had much higher TF-activity than monocytes and MPs exposed to LPS-deficient N. meningitidis (clot formation assay). Incubation with wild-type N. meningitidis, but also LPS-deficient N. meningitidis, resulted in TF-expression on monocytes (flow cytometry, qRT-PCR). Increased cellular TF-activity is associated with coincident surface-exposure of PS and the number of monocytes positive for both PS and TF was significantly higher for monocytes exposed to wild-type N. meningitidis (7.6%) compared with monocytes exposed to LPS-deficient N. meningitidis (1.8%). Treatment with rhIL-10 reduced monocyte- and MP-associated TF-activity, the number of monocytes positive for both TF and PS, and microvesiculation. Patients with meningococcal septicemia had significantly higher levels of LPS, FPA and IL-10 than patients with distinct meningitis. Our results indicate that LPS from N. meningitidis is crucial for inducing TF-activity, but not for monocyte- and MP-associated TF-expression. TF-activity seems to require coincident expression of TF and PS on monocytes, and LPS induces such double-positive monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidun Øvstebø
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Hans C Dalsbotten Aass
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Kari Bente Foss Haug
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Anne-Marie Siebke Trøseid
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Unni Gopinathan
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Peter Kierulf
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Jens P Berg
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Brandtzaeg
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Norway Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Carola E Henriksson
- Blood Cell Research Unit, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
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15
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Basavaraj MG, Sovershaev MA, Egorina EM, Gruber FX, Bogdanov VY, Fallon JT, Østerud B, Mathiesen EB, Hansen JB. Circulating monocytes mirror the imbalance in TF and TFPI expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaques with lipid-rich and calcified morphology. Thromb Res 2011; 129:e134-41. [PMID: 22178066 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque largely depends on plaque morphology and their content of tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The relationship between morphological composition of plaque (lipid-rich or calcified) and expression of TF and TFPI in circulating blood monocytes and within the plaques is not characterized. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether lipid-rich (echolucent) or calcified (echogenic) morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaques is associated with differences in TF and TFPI expression in circulating blood monocytes and within carotid atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS We studied levels of monocyte TF and TFPI mRNA and protein expression and association with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects with echolucent (n=20) or echogenic (n=20) carotid plaques, or controls without carotid atherosclerosis (n=20) determined by ultrasonography. Sections of calcified or lipid-rich carotid plaques obtained from symptomatic patients were assessed for TF and TFPI antigen expression. RESULTS TF and TFPI surface presentation, surface TF/TFPI ratio, and TF activity were higher in monocytes obtained from subjects with echolucent than with echogenic plaques or controls without carotid atherosclerosis. Multiple regression analyses revealed inverse association between serum apoA1 and monocyte surface TF antigen expression (p=0.007), and positive association between serum apoB and monocyte surface TFPI expression (p=0.028). Sections from lipid-rich carotid plaques contained 2.5-fold more TF and 1.5-fold more TFPI antigens relative to calcified lesions, also yielding a higher TF/TFPI ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that circulating monocytes of asymptomatic individuals with echolucent lipid-rich carotid atherosclerosis express an imbalance between TF and TFPI expression cohering with changes found within advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from symptomatic patients.
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Kopp CW, Gremmel T, Steiner S, Seidinger D, Minar E, Maurer G, Huber K. Platelet-monocyte cross talk and tissue factor expression in stable angina vs. unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Platelets 2011; 22:530-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.573599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Differential coagulation inhibitory effect of fondaparinux, enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin in cell models of thrombin generation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2011; 22:369-73. [PMID: 21577096 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328344f7d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anticoagulants, including unfractionated heparin (UFH), enoxaparin and fondaparinux, are approved drugs in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Monocytes and monocyte-derived microparticles (MMPs) play an important procoagulant role in ACS by expressing high tissue factor (TF) levels, which in turn triggers thrombin generation. The objective of our study is to compare the in-vitro inhibitory effect of UFH, enoxaparin and fondaparinux in monocytes and MMP models. Human-elutriated monocytes were activated for 5 and 18 h by lipopolysaccharide to obtain activated monocytes (ac-M) or MMPs, respectively. Thrombin generation inhibition was assessed using ac-M or MMPs mixed with platelet-poor plasma containing increased concentrations of anticoagulants. Thrombin generation inhibition was dose-dependent with a differential effect according to the drug: the highest for UFH, the lowest for fondaparinux. Rate index was the most sensitive parameter. For fondaparinux, its IC50 values (anti-Xa IU/ml) were 0.59±0.05 for ac-M and 0.17±0.03 for MMPs. For enoxaparin, rate index IC50 values were 0.27±0.03 for ac-M and 0.19±0.02 for MMPs. Our data support the notion that cell-induced thrombin generation assay may be a reliable alternative to anti-Xa assessment in determining patient anticoagulation level.
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Maroney SA, Cooley BC, Ferrel JP, Bonesho CE, Mast AE. Murine hematopoietic cell tissue factor pathway inhibitor limits thrombus growth. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:821-6. [PMID: 21233452 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa initiates blood coagulation and is found on microparticles that accumulate within intravascular thrombi. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a factor Xa (fXa)-dependent inhibitor of TF-factor VIIa, is produced by megakaryocytes and is present in platelets. We sought to determine the role of platelet TFPI in regulation of thrombus growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot analyses demonstrated that murine platelets produce TFPIα, the most evolutionarily conserved alternatively spliced isoform of TFPI. A mouse model of hematopoietic cell TFPI deficiency was developed by transplanting irradiated TFPI(+/-) mice with TFPI(-/-) fetal liver cells. Platelets from transplanted mice totally lack TFPI inhibitory activity. An electrolytic vascular injury model was used to assess thrombus growth in the femoral vein and carotid artery. Mice lacking hematopoietic TFPI developed larger femoral vein and carotid artery thrombi than TFPI(+/-) mice transplanted with TFPI(+/+) hematopoietic cells, as evidenced by increased platelet accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Hematopoietic TFPI limits thrombus growth following vascular injury. Because platelets are the primary hematopoietic cell accumulating within a growing thrombus, these findings suggest that TFPI present within platelets functions to limit intravascular thrombus growth, likely through inhibition of the procoagulant activity of blood borne TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
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Basavaraj MG, Gruber FX, Sovershaev M, Appelbom HI, Østerud B, Petersen LC, Hansen JB. The role of TFPI in regulation of TF-induced thrombogenicity on the surface of human monocytes. Thromb Res 2010; 126:418-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Differential inhibitory effect of fondaparinux on the procoagulant potential of intact monocytes and monocyte-derived microparticles. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2010; 30:412-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-010-0490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Wolfe PS, Madurantakam P, Garg K, Sell SA, Beckman MJ, Bowlin GL. Evaluation of thrombogenic potential of electrospun bioresorbable vascular graft materials: acute monocyte tissue factor expression. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:1321-8. [PMID: 19353561 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the acute expression of tissue factor (TF) by monocytes on interaction with electrospun bioresorbable constructs. A minimal expression of TF will demonstrate the potential for scaffolds to be used as a vascular graft without enhanced risk of failure from acute thrombotic occlusion. Polydioxanone (PDO) (60, 80, 120, and 160 mg/mL) and polycaprolactone (PCL) (80, 10, and 160 mg/mL) dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) were electrospun to form fibrous scaffolds. Circular discs (10 mm diameter) of each scaffold were disinfected and seeded with human monocytes (50,000 cells/well). The discs were statically cultured under standard conditions (37 degrees C and 5% CO2), and removed after 24 h for TF analysis with an In-Cell Western assay. Fiber diameter was calculated through ImageTool analysis of scanning electron micrographs. Acute monocyte interaction with scaffolds of PCL (120 mg/mL) resulted in the lowest amount of TF expressed (4 ng/disc), whereas scaffolds of 160 mg/mL PDO elicited the highest amount of TF expressed (51 ng/disc). TF levels expressed on all scaffolds were comparable with the amount expressed on e-PTFE (20 ng/disc). Preliminary data for TF expression on scaffolds of silk (70 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL) and silk:PCL (100 mg/mL, v/v) blends (50:50 and 70:30) resulted in values of TF expression ranging from 0 to 24 ng. Results from this study reveal electrospun grafts composed of PDO and PCL provide no greater risk of failure from an acute thrombotic occlusion due to TF expression when compared with that of the standard e-PTFE graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Wolfe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3067, USA
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Maroney SA, Ellery PE, Mast AE. Alternatively spliced isoforms of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Thromb Res 2010; 125 Suppl 1:S52-6. [PMID: 20176395 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the major regulator of tissue factor (TF)-induced coagulation. It down regulates coagulation by binding to the TF/fVIIa complex in a fXa dependent manner. It is predominantly produced by microvascular endothelial cells, though it is also found in platelets, monocytes, smooth muscle cells, and plasma. Its physiological importance is demonstrated by the embryonic lethality observed in TFPI knockout mice and by the increase in thrombotic burden that occurs when heterozygous TFPI mice are bred with mice carrying genetic risk factors for thrombotic disease, such as factor V Leiden. Multiple TFPI isoforms, termed TFPIalpha, TFPIbeta, and TFPIdelta in humans and TFPIalpha, TFPIbeta, and TFPIgamma in mice, have been described, which differ in their domain structure and method for cell surface attachment. A significant functional difference between these isoforms has yet to be described in vivo. Both human and mouse tissues produce, on average, approximately 10 times more TFPIalpha message when compared to that of TFPIbeta. Consistent with this finding, several lines of evidence suggest that TFPIalpha is the predominant protein isoform in humans. In contrast, recent work from our laboratory demonstrates that TFPIbeta is the major protein isoform produced in adult mice, suggesting that TFPI isoform production is translationally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, 8727 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-3548, USA
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Circulating thrombotic and haemostatic components in patients with coronary artery disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:20-8. [PMID: 23105879 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the circulating levels of thrombotic and haemostatic components; tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction at presentation (Group 1, n=49), unstable angina and Non-ST elevated MI after treatment (Group 2, n=22), stable angina (Group 3, n=18) and healthy individuals (Group 4, n=31). Significant finding was increase in tissue factor not only in Group 1 (2.0 fold, P=0.001), Group 2 (2.2 fold, P=0.015) but also in Group 3 (1.8 fold, P=0.018) as compared to controls. In Group 1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 increased significantly (35.8%, P=0.02). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator demonstrated increase in Group 1 of age<40 years while insignificant changes in elder patients. Increased thrombotic and decreased fibrinolytic conditions in acute myocardial infarction patients were observed. Increase TF in stable angina demonstrates procoagulant status in these patients as well.
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Tissue Factor Pathway. Hamostaseologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01544-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Lizakowski S, Zdrojewski Z, Jagodzinski P, Rutkowski B. Plasma tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 41:237-42. [PMID: 17469034 DOI: 10.1080/00365590601016511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with numerous blood coagulation abnormalities and a marked predisposition to thromboembolism. Fibrin formation within the glomeruli occurs in various forms of human and experimental glomerulonephritis and may play an important role in progressive glomerular injury. The aim of this study was to measure the plasma concentrations of tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and intravascular thrombin generation markers and to analyze their relationships in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised 57 patients (mean age 35.2 years; range 18-63 years) with primary glomerulonephritis: 36 with NS (NS group) and 21 without (non-NS group). The control group consisted of 24 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. TF and TFPI antigen, prothrombin fragment F 1+2 (PF 1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) concentrations in plasma were estimated using commercially available kits. RESULTS Serum TF and TFPI concentrations in both the NS and non-NS groups were higher than those observed in the control group. Moreover, there were significant differences in TF and TFPI concentrations between the NS and non-NS groups. TF:TFPI ratios in both the examined groups were constant and significantly higher than those in the control group. Positive correlations between TF and both PF 1+2 and TAT concentrations in the total cohort of patients were shown. Furthermore, a positive correlation between TF and TFPI concentrations was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis concerning activation of coagulation pathways in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. An inadequate TFPI concentration as a result of an elevated TF:TFPI ratio characterizes not only patients with clinical manifestations of NS but also patients with mild proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Lizakowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Maroney SA, Ferrel JP, Pan S, White TA, Simari RD, McVey JH, Mast AE. Temporal expression of alternatively spliced forms of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1106-13. [PMID: 19422457 PMCID: PMC2776060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is produced in three alternatively spliced isoforms that differ in domain structure and mechanism for cell surface binding. Tissue expression of TFPI isoforms in mice was characterized as an initial step for identification of their physiological functions. METHODS AND RESULTS Sequence homology demonstrates that TFPIalpha existed over 430 Ma while TFPIbeta and TFPIgamma evolved more recently. In situ hybridization studies of heart and lung did not reveal any cells exclusively expressing a single isoform. Although our previous studies have demonstrated that TFPIalpha mRNA is more prevalent than TFPIbeta or TFPIgamma mRNA in mouse tissues, western blot studies demonstrated that TFPIbeta is the primary protein isoform produced in adult tissues, while TFPIalpha is expressed during embryonic development and in placenta. Consistent with TFPIbeta as the primary isoform produced within adult vascular beds, the TFPI isoform in mouse plasma migrates like TFPIbeta in SDS-PAGE and mice have a much smaller heparin-releasable pool of plasma TFPIalpha than humans. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that alternatively spliced isoforms of TFPI are temporally expressed in mouse tissues at the level of protein production. TFPIalpha and TFPIbeta are produced in embryonic tissues and in placenta while adult tissues produce almost exclusively TFPIbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
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Shantsila E, Lip GYH. Monocytes in acute coronary syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1433-8. [PMID: 19229072 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.180513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this overview is to summarize the available data on the involvement of monocytes in the pathological processes related to the development of acute coronary syndromes and the recovery of damaged areas, the prevention of excessive inflammatory and procoagulant response, and the restoration of microcirculation (angiogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Shantsila
- Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, England, UK
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28
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Abdel Gader AGM. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor [Tfpi]: A Natural Coagulation Inhibitor and Potential Therapeutic Agent – A Review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1658-3612(09)70076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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29
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Maroney SA, Mast AE. Expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor by endothelial cells and platelets. Transfus Apher Sci 2008; 38:9-14. [PMID: 18261960 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a potent anticoagulant protein that abrogates the activity of the tissue factor-factor VIIa catalytic complex that activates blood coagulation in vivo. The importance of TFPI in the regulation of blood coagulation is emphasized by how its activity is modulated in human disease. Decreased TFPI activity contributes to the development of both arterial and venous thrombosis and has been implicated in the thrombotic events occurring in women using oral contraceptives and in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Both endothelial cells and platelets produce TFPI. Our laboratory is interested in the mechanisms for expression of TFPI on the surface of these cells to better understand how TFPI prevents intravascular thrombosis. Studies of cultured endothelial cells and human placenta have demonstrated that TFPI associates with the cell surface through a glycosyl phosphatidyinositol (GPI)-anchor in a manner that is not dependent on GAGs or altered by heparin. TFPI is not directly bound to the GPI-anchor; instead it appears to bind tightly to a GPI-anchored protein. This GPI-anchored protein appears to be necessary for proper trafficking of TFPI to the cell surface. An alternatively spliced form of TFPI, TFPIbeta, is a truncated form of TFPI that is directly attached to a GPI-anchor. However, it is not clear that human endothelial cells produce TFPIbeta. Platelets produce TFPI but not TFPIbeta. TFPI is expressed on the platelet surface following dual activation with collagen plus thrombin, but not through a GPI-anchor. Studies using mouse models of TFPI deficiency are currently being conducted in our laboratory to determine if distinct physiological functions of endothelial and platelet TFPI exist in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 2178, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
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30
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Stellbaum C, Willich T, Boltzen U, Ayral Y, Szotowski B, Piorkowski M, Schultheiss HP, Rauch U. Clopidogrel-mediated reduction of circulating tissue factor in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur J Haematol 2007; 78:347-52. [PMID: 17331131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF), the initiator of coagulation, circulates in blood and contributes to thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). TF is present in the alpha-granules of platelets. Therapy with clopidogrel results in inhibition of platelet degranulation. Whether clopidogrel affects circulating TF is unknown. This study examined the effect of clopidogrel on TF level in the blood of patients with stable CAD and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as well as healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-three patients with CAD and twenty with STEMI were studied pre and post clopidogrel therapy (loading dose 300 mg, then 75 mg daily). All were treated with aspirin 100 mg/d. The control groups consisted of thirty healthy male volunteers also treated with clopidogrel and ten patients with CAD treated with aspirin only. TF concentration in blood drawn pre and 96 h post clopidogrel administration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Patients with CAD and STEMI had significantly more TF in blood than healthy controls. Clopidogrel reduced TF in stable CAD patients to levels seen in healthy controls. No alterations in TF were found in controls and patients with STEMI post clopidogrel therapy. Clopidogrel reduced sCD40L level in stable CAD patients, but not in STEMI patients. A correlation between TF and sCD40L was found for the combined CAD and control, but not STEMI group. CONCLUSION Clopidogrel leads to a reduction of not only sCD40L but also TF in stable CAD. The reduction of TF may lead to a reduced thrombogenicity, contributing to the benefits of clopidogrel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stellbaum
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Morel O, Toti F, Hugel B, Bakouboula B, Camoin-Jau L, Dignat-George F, Freyssinet JM. Procoagulant Microparticles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:2594-604. [PMID: 16990554 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000246775.14471.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and vascular cell activation are main contributors to the release of procoagulant microparticles (MPs), deleterious partners in atherothrombosis. Elevated levels of circulating platelet, monocyte, or endothelial-derived MPs are associated with most of the cardiovascular risk factors and appear indicative of poor clinical outcome. In addition to being a valuable hallmark of vascular cell damage, MPs are at the crossroad of atherothrombosis processes by exerting direct effects on vascular or blood cells. Under pathological circumstances, circulating MPs would support cellular cross-talk leading to vascular inflammation and tissue remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte adhesion, and stimulation. Exposed membrane phosphatidylserine and functional tissue factor (TF) are 2 procoagulant entities conveyed by circulating MPs. At sites of vascular injury, P-selectin exposure by activated endothelial cells or platelets leads to the rapid recruitment of MPs bearing the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and blood-borne TF, thereby triggering coagulation. Within the atherosclerotic plaque, sequestered MPs constitute the main reservoir of TF activity, promoting coagulation after plaque erosion or rupture. Lesion-bound MPs, eventually harboring proteolytic and angiogenic effectors are additional actors in plaque vulnerability. Pharmacological strategies aimed at modulating the release of procoagulant MPs appear a promising therapeutic approach of both thrombotic processes and bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Morel
- Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
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Maroney SA, Haberichter SL, Friese P, Collins ML, Ferrel JP, Dale GL, Mast AE. Active tissue factor pathway inhibitor is expressed on the surface of coated platelets. Blood 2006; 109:1931-7. [PMID: 17082321 PMCID: PMC1801047 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-037283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of blood-borne forms of tissue factor (TF) into a growing blood clot is necessary for normal fibrin generation and stabilization of the blood clot. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the primary physiologic inhibitor of tissue factor and is present within platelets. Expression of TFPI on the platelet surface may be the optimal location for it to abrogate blood-borne TF activity that incorporates within the blood clot, balancing the need for adequate hemostasis while preventing development of occlusive thrombosis. TFPI is produced by megakaryocytes but is not expressed on the platelet surface. Activation of platelets with thrombin receptor activation peptide does not cause release or surface expression of TFPI, demonstrating that TFPI is not stored within platelet alpha granules. TFPI is expressed on the platelet surface following dual-agonist activation with convulxin plus thrombin to produce coated platelets. In association with its expression on the surface of coated platelets TFPI is also released in microvesicles or as a soluble protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
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Steppich BA, Moog P, Matissek C, Wisniowski N, Kühle J, Joghetaei N, Neumann FJ, Schomig A, Ott I. Cytokine profiles and T cell function in acute coronary syndromes. Atherosclerosis 2006; 190:443-51. [PMID: 16569408 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In advanced human atherosclerotic plaques infiltrating T cells congregate at sites of plaque rupture. However, little is known about the systemic activation of circulating T cells in acute coronary syndromes as a prerequisite for recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS As a measure for specific lymphocyte activation we analyzed IFN-gamma production of T cells after stimulation with a superantigen and expression of CXCR-3 and CCR-3 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina (uAP) or stable angina (sAP). Furthermore, concentrations of the circulating cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-12 p70 and RANTES that modify T cell function were measured. In uAP an increased Th1 and a decreased Th2 response was identified by enhanced interferon-gamma generation of T lymphocytes, increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-12 p70 and RANTES and decreased expression of CCR3. In AMI a systemic inflammatory reaction predominates with enhanced expression of the early activation marker CD69 on T lymphocytes and elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-10 that suppress Th1 activation. CONCLUSION Interferon-gamma production of activated T cells in acute coronary syndromes may, therefore, be governed by the release of specific pro- and anti-lymphocyte activating cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit A Steppich
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and 1 Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Egorina EM, Sovershaev MA, Østerud B. In-cell Western assay: a new approach to visualize tissue factor in human monocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:614-20. [PMID: 16371116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) is an integral membrane protein essential for the initiation of the extrinsic pathway of hemostasis. A precise understanding of the TF regulation is still limited and dependent on the availability of methodological tools. Here, we describe a new approach for assessing TF amounts in human mononuclear cells (MNCs) by using the whole blood experimental conditions. AIM In order to study TF antigen levels in human MNCs, we applied a quantitative immunostaining technique-- in-cell Western (ICW) assay using an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System. METHODS AND RESULTS The ICW assay of TF in resting or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human MNCs was performed. Several sample preparation conditions were tested, namely the plating of MNCs prior to immunostaining, paraformaldehyde fixation, and an adequate cell number was used in the assay. By the use of recombinant human TF standards, it was possible, for the first time, to measure TF amounts in LPS-stimulated MNCs as 0.09 +/- 0.02 ng and 0.43 +/- 0.15 ng 10(-6) cells of surface and total TF, respectively. The concentrations of TF in resting MNCs, however, were below the detection limit. CONCLUSIONS A novel TF ICW assay is a reproducible, time- and cost-saving method, which could become useful for studies in the fields of physiology and pathophysiology of human hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Egorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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Schömig K, Busch G, Steppich B, Sepp D, Kaufmann J, Stein A, Schömig A, Ott I. Interleukin-8 is associated with circulating CD133+ progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:1032-7. [PMID: 16455670 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Release of progenitor cells is observed during inflammatory conditions and contributes to neovascularization. We, therefore, sought to investigate the relationship of circulating progenitor cells and interleukin (IL)-8 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS From patients with stable angina and AMI, serial venous blood samples were obtained. The number of circulating CD133+CD45- progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and circulating endothelial P1H12+CD45- cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. After stenting in patients with AMI, an increase in plasma IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations was observed, which was only minimal in patients with stable angina. Only in patients with AMI, this was followed by an increase in circulating CD133+CD45- progenitor cells. In contrast, circulating endothelial P1H12+CD45- cells and E-selectin RNA expression in peripheral blood were only elevated early in AMI, indicating shedding of activated endothelial cells. Multivariable analysis revealed an association of IL-8 and circulating CD133+CD45- progenitor cells in AMI, in addition to statin therapy and risk factor profile. CONCLUSION In AMI, IL-8 is associated with circulating progenitor cells. In addition to the pro-angiogenic functions of IL-8 and VEGF, this mechanism may contribute to new vessel generation and, thereby, improve myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schömig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum und 1. Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität München, Germany
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Paysant J, Soria C, Cornillet-Lefèbvre P, Nguyen P, Lenormand B, Mishal Z, Vannier JP, Vasse M. Long-term incubation with IL-4 and IL-10 oppositely modifies procoagulant activity of monocytes and modulates the surface expression of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Br J Haematol 2005; 131:356-65. [PMID: 16225656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes can be induced to express both tissue factor (TF) and its inhibitor, TF pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1). A short incubation (<6 h) with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, two potent deactivators of monocyte functions, has been shown to modulate the synthesis and expression of TF by monocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide, but the consequences of longer incubations (up to 96 h) on both TF and TFPI-1 are unknown. The results of this study showed that adherent monocytes in culture spontaneously expressed TF and TFPI and that prolonged incubation with IL-10 induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease of monocyte TF synthesis, and an accumulation of TF/TFPI-1 complexes at the moncyte surface, suggesting a decreased clearance of these complexes. In contrast, IL-4 induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in TF synthesis, which remained intracytoplasmic, as shown by confocal microscopy. Surprisingly, TF:antigen (Ag) was decreased at the monocyte surface, but the procoagulant activity (PCA) of IL-4-treated monocytes was increased, as a result of more pronounced decrease of TFPI-1:Ag expression than that of TF. In conclusion, prolonged incubation with IL-4 and IL-10 oppositely modified PCA of cultured monocytes, and altered TF and TFPI trafficking and clearance. These data explain the respective deleterious or benefit effects of IL-4 or IL-10 in atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Paysant
- Laboratoire DIFEMA, UFR de Médecine et Pharmacie de Rouen, Rouen, France
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Lupu C, Hu X, Lupu F. Caveolin-1 enhances tissue factor pathway inhibitor exposure and function on the cell surface. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:22308-17. [PMID: 15817451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503333200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) blocks tissue factor-factor VIIa (TF-FVIIa) activation of factors X and IX through the formation of the TF-FVIIa-FXa-TFPI complex. Most TFPI in vivo associates with caveolae in endothelial cells (EC). The mechanism of this association and the anticoagulant role of caveolar TFPI are not yet known. Here we show that expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in 293 cells keeps TFPI exposed on the plasmalemma surface, decreases the membrane lateral mobility of TFPI, and increases the TFPI-dependent inhibition of TF-FVIIa. Caveolae-associated TFPI supports the co-localization of the quaternary complex with caveolae. To investigate the significance of these observations for EC we used RNA interference to deplete the cells of Cav-1. Functional assays and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the inhibitory properties of TFPI were diminished in EC lacking Cav-1, apparently through deficient assembly of the quaternary complex. These findings demonstrate that caveolae regulate the inhibition by cell-bound TFPI of the active protease production by the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Ott I, Weigand B, Michl R, Seitz I, Sabbari-Erfani N, Neumann FJ, Schömig A. Tissue Factor Cytoplasmic Domain Stimulates Migration by Activation of the GTPase Rac1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38. Circulation 2005; 111:349-55. [PMID: 15642762 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000153333.52294.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Tissue factor (TF), the surface receptor for the serine protease factor VIIa (FVIIa) and the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, supports vessel development and tumor metastasis by activation of extracellular, protease-dependent signaling pathways. The molecular mechanisms that do not require proteolytic activity of FVIIa are not yet known. The aim of the study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of active-site–inhibited FVIIa (FFR-FVIIa) on TF-mediated signaling.
Methods and Results—
After stimulation with FVIIa and FFR-FVIIa, migration and activation of the GTPase Rac (Rac1) or the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38) were analyzed in J82 cells. FVIIa and FFR-FVIIa stimulated migration and activation of Rac1 and p38 in a TF-specific, dose- and time-dependent manner. Enhancement of migration required activation of Rac1 and p38, because it was abolished after inhibition with SB203580 or overexpression of dominant negative p38 and Rac1. The cytoplasmic domain of TF was necessary because no effects of FFR-FVIIa could be detected after transfection of a TF deletion mutant lacking the cytoplasmic domain.
Conclusions—
We identified a novel signaling pathway through which TF stimulates migration by activation of p38 and Rac1 independent of the proteolytic activity of FVIIa but dependent on the cytoplasmic domain of TF. Binding of FFR-VIIa to TF may stimulate vessel wall remodeling by enhancement of migration through activation of Rac1 and p38. This novel link may provide an insight into the understanding of the nonhemostatic functions of TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Ott
- Deutsches Herzzentrum und 1. Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Day SM, Reeve JL, Pedersen B, Farris DM, Myers DD, Im M, Wakefield TW, Mackman N, Fay WP. Macrovascular thrombosis is driven by tissue factor derived primarily from the blood vessel wall. Blood 2005; 105:192-8. [PMID: 15339841 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Leukocytes and leukocyte-derived microparticles contain low levels of tissue factor (TF) and incorporate into forming thrombi. Although this circulating pool of TF has been proposed to play a key role in thrombosis, its functional significance relative to that of vascular wall TF is poorly defined. We tested the hypothesis that leukocyte-derived TF contributes to thrombus formation in vivo. Compared to wild-type mice, mice with severe TF deficiency (ie, TF–/–, hTF-Tg+, or “low-TF”) demonstrated markedly impaired thrombus formation after carotid artery injury or inferior vena cava ligation. A bone marrow transplantation strategy was used to modulate levels of leukocyte-derived TF. Transplantation of low-TF marrow into wild-type mice did not suppress arterial or venous thrombus formation. Similarly, transplantation of wild-type marrow into low-TF mice did not accelerate thrombosis. In vitro analyses revealed that TF activity in the blood was very low and was markedly exceeded by that present in the vessel wall. Therefore, our results suggest that thrombus formation in the arterial and venous macrovasculature is driven primarily by TF derived from the blood vessel wall as opposed to leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene M Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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40
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OTT I. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor revisited. J Thromb Haemost 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Busch G, Seitz I, Steppich B, Hess S, Eckl R, Schömig A, Ott I. Coagulation factor Xa stimulates interleukin-8 release in endothelial cells and mononuclear leukocytes: implications in acute myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 25:461-6. [PMID: 15550696 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000151279.35780.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), proinflammatory plasma C-reactive protein values are strongly associated with postinfarction morbidity and mortality. So far, the cause of these inflammatory changes is not well understood. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between the activation of coagulation and subsequent systemic inflammatory changes in AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS Factor Xa (FXa) bound to tissue factor pathway inhibitor and prothrombin fragments F1+2 (F1+2) were used as a measure for activated coagulation. To assess systemic inflammatory changes, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations were analyzed by immunoassay. Blood samples were taken from 21 patients with AMI and 20 patients with stable angina pectoris. In AMI, tissue factor pathway inhibitor FXa but not F1+2 plasma levels were associated with circulating IL-8 (P=0.01). In vitro experiments revealed that FXa stimulated IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release and RNA expression in endothelial cells and mononuclear leukocytes by activation of protease-activated receptor-1. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that coagulation FXa may contribute to proinflammatory changes in AMI by stimulation of IL-8 release. Therapeutic inhibition of the proinflammatory effects of FXa may improve the clinical course in AMI. This study investigates the relationship between the activation of coagulation and systemic inflammatory changes in acute myocardial infarction. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor factor Xa but not F1+2 plasma levels were associated with circulating interleukin-8. In vitro factor Xa stimulated interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release and RNA expression by activation of protease-activated receptor 1 as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Busch
- Deutsches Herzzentrum und Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität München, Germany
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Ahamed J, Belting M, Ruf W. Regulation of tissue factor-induced signaling by endogenous and recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1. Blood 2004; 105:2384-91. [PMID: 15550483 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) triggers upstream coagulation signaling via the activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) of relevance for inflammation and angiogenesis. TF pathway inhibitor 1 (TFPI-1) is the physiologic inhibitor of TF-initiated coagulation, but its role in regulating TF signaling is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous, endothelial cell-expressed TFPI-1 controls TF-mediated signaling through PARs. In endothelial cells transduced with TF to mimic exacerbated TF expression in vascular cells, TF-VIIa-Xa ternary complex-dependent activation of PAR1 remained intact when TF-mediated Xa generation was blocked with 2.5 to 5 nM recombinant TFPI-1 (rTFPI-1). Concordantly, inhibition of signaling in PAR1-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells required about 30-fold higher rTFPI-1 concentrations than necessary for anticoagulation. Studies with proteoglycan-deficient CHO cells document a crucial role of accessory receptors in supporting the anticoagulant and antisignaling activities of rTFPI-1. Coexpression of PAR2 with TF enhanced rTFPI-mediated inhibition of TF-VIIa-Xa-mediated PAR1 signaling, suggesting an unexpected role of PAR2 in the inhibitory control of TF signaling. These experiments are of potential significance for the limited therapeutic benefit of rTFPI-1 in systemic inflammation and recommend caution in using anticoagulant potency as a measure to predict how efficacious TF-directed inhibitors block cell signaling during initiation of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Department of Immunology, SP258, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ott I, Koch W, von Beckerath N, de Waha R, Malawaniec A, Mehilli J, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Tissue factor promotor polymorphism −603 A/G is associated with myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2004; 177:189-91. [PMID: 15488883 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and contributes to coronary thrombus formation in myocardial infarction (MI). Circulating TF reflects intravascular TF activation but also adds to prothrombotic activation. Because the G allele of the TF promotor polymorphism -603 A/G is associated with monocytic mRNA expression we evaluated its association with myocardial infarction, based on a recessive deleterious effect assumption. Patients with MI (MI; n=793) and age and sex matched control subjects without coronary artery disease (C; n=340) undergoing coronary angiography were included. In patients with MI, the -603 G (MI: 76%, C: 70%) allele was prevalent compared to the control group (P=-0.04). Multivariate analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.44 (confidence interval 1.07-1.93). Carriage of the -603 G allele is associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction. Because higher plasma TF concentrations are found in -603 G carriers enhanced TF expression may be the mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Ott
- Deutsches Herzzentrum und 1, Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 München, Germany.
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Le Guyader A, Davis-Gorman G, Copeland JG, McDonagh PF. A flow cytometric method for determining the binding of coagulation factor X to monocytes in whole human blood. J Immunol Methods 2004; 292:207-15. [PMID: 15350525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that inflammation affects the coagulation pathway, but the mechanisms are not clear. Because a persistent inflammatory condition is associated with several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, there is intense interest in determining if and how chronic inflammation contributes to a hypercoagulable state. One pathway by which inflammation interacts with coagulation is via monocyte binding and activation of coagulation Factor X (FX). Upon activation, monocytes express the alphaMbeta2 integrin CD11b/CD18, which has a binding site for the plasma protein FX. Binding is followed by the cleavage of FX into its activated form Xa(FXa) which, in turn, is responsible for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. To assess the contribution of this pathway, a straightforward assay in whole blood is needed for studies of inflammation-induced coagulation and thrombosis. The current assay for FXa binding requires isolation of the monocytes and measurement of bound FXa activity with a chromogenic substrate. Harvesting a sufficient number of monocytes for analysis requires a relatively large blood sample. In addition, it is known that the process of isolating neutrophils and monocytes from whole blood induces an upregulation of CD11b. Thus, the measurement process itself causes an artifact in receptor expression resulting in an overestimate of true state of monocyte activation and FX binding. To address these limitations, we developed a flow cytometric assay to directly measure the binding of FX to monocytes in whole blood. In this report we describe the methods of the procedure in detail and apply the procedure to demonstrate a significant increase of both monocyte CD11b expression and FXa binding when human blood samples were activated with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Guyader
- Section of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and The Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 245071, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Sack U, Bocsi J, Tárnok A. Slide-based cytometry and predictive medicine: The 8th Leipziger workshop and the 1st international workshop on slide-based cytometry. Cytometry A 2004; 60:189-205. [PMID: 15290720 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Slide-based cytometry (SBC) and related techniques offer unique tools to perform complex diagnostic procedures at very early disease stages. Multicolor or polychromatic analysis of cells by SBC is of special importance, not only as a cytomics technology platform, but for patients with low blood volume such as neonates. The exact knowledge of the location of each cell on the slide allows the specimen to be restained and subsequently reanalyzed. These separate measurements can be fused to one data file (merging), increasing the information obtained per cell. Relocalization and optical evaluation of the cells, a typical feature of SBC, can be of integral importance for cytometric analysis. Predictive medicine is aimed at the detection of changes in the patient's state prior to the manifestation of deterioration or improvement. Such instances are concerned with multiorgan failure in sepsis or noninfectious posttraumatic shock in intensive care patients, or the pretherapeutic identification of high risk patients in cancer cytostatic therapy. Early anti-infectious or anti-shock therapy, as well as curative chemotherapy in combination with stem cell transplantation, may provide better survival chances for the patient as well as concomitant cost containment. Predictive medicine-guided, individualized, early reduction or cessation of therapy may lower or abrogate potential therapeutic side effects (individualized medicine). With the 8th Leipziger Workshop and the 1st International Workshop on Slide-Based Cytometry, cytomics technologies moved to more practical applications in the clinics and the clinical laboratory. This development will be continued in 2004, at the upcoming Leipziger Workshop and the International Workshop on Slide-Based Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Bernard V, Pillois X, Dubus I, Benchimol D, Labouyrie JP, Couffinhal T, Coste P, Bonnet J. The -308 G/A tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene dimorphism: a risk factor for unstable angina. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:511-6. [PMID: 12747595 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) may play a major role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes, 299 consecutive male patients hospitalized for coronary artery disease (i.e., lumen lost > or = 50%) were genotyped for the functional -308G/A TNF-alpha polymorphism using restriction fragment length polymorphism method, in order to evaluate its potential association with the risk of unstable angina and/or myocardial infarction. A higher frequency of carriers of the A allele was observed in patients with unstable angina (n = 58) when compared to control patients with stable angina (n = 95) (39.66% vs. 23.16% respectively, p = 0.029, odds ratio = 2.2) but not in patients with myocardial infarction (n = 146) (23.97% vs. 23.16%, p = NS). Furthermore, we evidenced an interaction of the polymorphism studied with body mass index in patients with unstable angina. Thus, when stratified analysis was performed, results in patients with a body mass index < or = 27 showed a more striking association between A allele carriage frequency and unstable angina (p = 0.012, odds ratio = 3.0). These results suggest the crucial role of TNF-alpha in the mechanisms responsible for unstable angina in accordance with the concept of vulnerable plaque. On the other hand, mechanisms controlling myocardial infarction appear more complex and heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bernard
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche no 4 Heart-Lung-Vessel-Thrombosis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U441), Pessac, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the role of tissue factor-dependent coagulation in acute lung injury. To interpret preclinical and clinical data on therapeutic intervention of the coagulation cascade, focusing on the principles of proteolytic cell signaling of the coagulant and anticoagulant pathways. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS This review is based on published original research and relevant review articles on cell signaling by coagulation proteases and on experimental models that implicate the tissue factor-initiated coagulation cascade in acute lung injury and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The coagulation cascade signals via protease activated receptors in the tissue factor-initiation phase and downstream via the effector protease, thrombin. Bleomycin-induced acute lung injury is an example of thrombin signaling-dependent pathology. Frequently, thrombin signaling is a major contributor to inflammation in the extravascular space but intravascular thrombin signaling is a threshold-regulated event. At low concentrations, intravascular thrombin activates the protein C pathway by converting protein C (bound to endothelial cell protein C receptor) to activated protein C and this generates antiinflammatory signals along the activated protein C-endothelial cell protein C receptor-protease activated receptor 1 pathway on endothelial cells. Direct thrombin signaling only occurs when intravascular thrombin concentrations exceed a coagulant threshold. In systemic bacterial toxin-mediated inflammation, inhibition of thrombin is not sufficient to limit inflammation, whereas tissue factor inhibition interrupts a self-sustaining inflammatory escalation in acute lung injury. Therefore, in the vasculature, inflammatory signaling by the tissue factor initiation complex is favored over thrombin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology, C204, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Schwarz M, Nordt T, Bode C, Peter K. The GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor abciximab (c7E3) inhibits the binding of various ligands to the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, alphaMbeta2). Thromb Res 2002; 107:121-8. [PMID: 12431477 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(02)00207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reactivity with integrins other than glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) is discussed as a potential reason for the overall clinical benefits of the GP IIb/IIIa-blocking antibody-fragment abciximab. We evaluated whether abciximab binds to the leukocyte integrin Mac-1, whether it inhibits binding of the distinct ligands and thereby may modulate inflammation, cell proliferation and coagulation. Binding of fluorescence-labelled abciximab to phorbolmyristate acetate-stimulated monocytes and to a monocytic cell line (THP-1) could be detected in flow cytometry. The binding of fibrinogen, the inactivated complement factor 3b (iC3b), and the coagulation factor X to Mac-1 could be inhibited by abciximab (10 microg/ml) in vitro. As a functional consequence, the conversion of factor X to factor Xa mediated by Mac-1, as detected by the chromogenic substrate SZ-2222, was impaired by abciximab. Adhesion of THP-1 cells to immobilized intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and to fibrinogen was reduced significantly by abciximab. Fibrinogen-mediated cell aggregation was also impaired. In conclusion, we describe binding of abciximab to Mac-1 on stimulated monocytes. Thereby, abciximab inhibits binding of the ligands fibrinogen, ICAM-1, iC3b and factor X. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Mac-1-dependent conversion from factor X to factor Xa is impaired by abciximab, arguing for the direct modulation of the coagulation cascade by abciximab. Overall, the inhibition of Mac-1 could provide additional clinical benefits of abciximab beyond the well-described blockade of GP IIb/IIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Bonderman D, Teml A, Jakowitsch J, Adlbrecht C, Gyöngyösi M, Sperker W, Lass H, Mosgoeller W, Glogar DH, Probst P, Maurer G, Nemerson Y, Lang IM. Coronary no-reflow is caused by shedding of active tissue factor from dissected atherosclerotic plaque. Blood 2002; 99:2794-800. [PMID: 11929768 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.8.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined angiographically, no-reflow (NR) manifests as an acute reduction in coronary flow in the absence of epicardial vessel obstruction. One candidate protein to cause coronary NR is tissue factor (TF), which is abundant in atherosclerotic plaque and a cofactor for activated plasma coagulation factor VII. Scrapings from atherosclerotic carotid arteries contained TF activity (corresponding to 33.03 +/- 13.00 pg/cm(2) luminal plaque surface). Active TF was sedimented, indicating that TF was associated with membranes. Coronary blood was drawn from 6 patients undergoing coronary interventions with the distal protection device PercuSurge GuardWire (Traatek, Miami, FL). Fine particulate material that was recovered from coronary blood showed TF activity (corresponding to 91.1 +/- 62.16 pg/mL authentic TF). To examine the role of TF in acute coronary NR, blood was drawn via a catheter from coronary vessels in 13 patients during NR and after restoration of flow. Mean TF antigen levels were elevated during NR (194.3 +/- 142.8 pg/mL) as compared with levels after flow restoration (73.27 +/- 31.90 pg/mL; P =.02). To dissect the effects of particulate material and purified TF on flow, selective intracoronary injection of atherosclerotic material or purified relipidated TF was performed in a porcine model. TF induced NR in the model, thus strengthening the concept that TF is causal, not just a bystander to atherosclerotic plaque material. The data suggest that active TF is released from dissected coronary atherosclerotic plaque and is one of the factors causing the NR phenomenon. Thus, blood-borne TF in the coronary circulation is a major determinant of flow.
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Abstract
Exposure of blood to tissue factor (TF) sets off the coagulation cascade. TF is a transmembrane protein that serves as an essential cofactor for activated coagulation factor VII (FVIIa). TF may be exposed locally by vascular injury (such as balloon angioplasty) or by spontaneous rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. Expression of TF may also be induced on monocytes and endothelial cells in conditions like sepsis and cancer, causing a more generalised activation of clotting. TF may thus play a central role in thrombosis in a number of settings, and attention has turned to blocking TF as a means to prevent thrombosis. Inhibiting the inducible expression of TF by monocytes can be achieved by 'deactivating' cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, -10 and -13, or by certain prostanoids; by drugs that modify signal transduction, such as pentoxifylline, retinoic acid or vitamin D(3), or by antisense oligonucleotides. Such approaches are for the most part at a preclinical stage. The function of TF can be blocked by antibodies that prevent the binding of FVIIa to TF; by active site-inhibited FVIIa, which competes with native FVIIa for binding; by antibodies or small molecules that block the function of the TF/FVIIa complex; and by molecules, such as TF pathway inhibitor or nematode anticoagulant peptide C2, which inhibit the active site of FVIIa in the TF/FVIIa complex after first binding to activated factor X. The latter two agents have entered Phase II clinical trials. Perhaps most intriguing is the use of anti-TF agents locally, which holds the promise of stopping thrombosis at a specific site of injury without the bleeding risk associated with systemic anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Houston
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada.
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