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Ogunbileje JO, Harris N, Wynn T, Kashif R, Stover B, Osa-Andrews B. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter of Clinical Significance: Sideroblastic Anemia. J Pers Med 2024; 14:636. [PMID: 38929857 PMCID: PMC11204910 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a vast group of 48 membrane proteins, some of which are of notable physiological and clinical importance. Some ABC transporters are involved in functions such as the transport of chloride ions, bilirubin, reproductive hormones, cholesterol, and iron. Consequently, genetic or physiological disruption in these functions is manifested in various disease processes like cystic fibrosis, Tangier disease, and sideroblastic anemia. Among other etiologies, primary sideroblastic anemia results from a genetic mutation in the ATP-binding cassette-7 (ABCB7), a member of the ABC transporter family. There are not many articles specifically tackling the disease processes caused by ABC transporters in detail. Some testing methodologies previously reported in the available literature for investigating sideroblastic anemia need updating. Here, we expound on the relevance of ABCB7 as a clinically important ABC transporter and a rare participant in the disease process of Sideroblastic anemia. The other genetic and secondary etiologies of sideroblastic anemia, which do not involve mutations in the ABCB7 protein, are also described. We review the pathophysiology, clinical course, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of sideroblastic anemia with a focus on modern technologies for laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Harris
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tung Wynn
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Reema Kashif
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian Stover
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Silva NM, Lopes MDP, Schincaglia RM, Coelho ASG, Cominetti C, Hadler MCCM. Anaemia and iron deficiency associate with polymorphism TMPRSS6 rs855791 in Brazilian children attending day care centres. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:193-201. [PMID: 37605822 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Fe-deficiency anaemia is a major public health concern in children under 5 years of age. TMPRSS6 gene, encoding matriptase-2 protein, is implicated in Fe homoeostasis and has been associated with anaemia and Fe status in various populations. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) TMPRSS6 rs855791 and biomarkers of anaemia and Fe deficiency in Brazilian children attending day care centres. A total of 163 children aged 6-42 months were evaluated. Socio-economic, demographic, biochemical, haematological, immunological and genotype data were collected. Multiple logistic and linear regressions with hierarchical selection were used to assess the effects of independent variables on categorised outcomes and blood marker concentrations. Minor allele (T) frequency of rs855791 was 0·399. Each copy of the T allele was associated with a 4·49-fold increased risk of developing anaemia (P = 0·005) and a 4·23-fold increased risk of Fe deficiency assessed by serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) (P < 0·001). The dose of the T allele was associated with an increase of 0·18 mg/l in sTfR concentrations and reductions of 1·41 fl and 0·52 pg in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), respectively. In conclusion, the T allele of SNP TMPRSS6 rs855791 was significantly associated with anaemia and Fe deficiency assessed by sTfR in Brazilian children attending day care centres. The effect was dose dependent, with each copy of the T allele being associated with lower MCV and MCH and higher concentrations of sTfR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Menezes Silva
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mirella de Paiva Lopes
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO74605-080, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane Cominetti
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Nutrition and Health Graduation Program, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Maria Claret Costa Monteiro Hadler
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO74605-080, Brazil
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Tang P, Wang H. Regulation of erythropoiesis: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications. Hematology 2023; 28:2250645. [PMID: 37639548 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2250645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of erythropoiesis is complex and involves the transfer of cells from the yolk sac to the fetal hepar and, ultimately, to the bone marrow during embryonic development. Within the bone marrow, erythroid progenitor cells undergo several stages to generate reticulocytes that enter the bloodstream. Erythropoiesis is regulated by various factors, with erythropoietin (EPO) synthesized by the kidney being the promoting factor and hepcidin synthesized by the hepar inhibiting iron mobilization. Transcription factors, such as GATA and KLF, also play a crucial role in erythropoiesis. Disruption of any of these factors can lead to abnormal erythropoiesis, resulting in red cell excess, red cell deficiency, or abnormal morphological function. This review provides a general description of erythropoiesis, as well as its regulation, highlighting the significance of understanding the process for the diagnosis and treatment of various hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Tang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Hsu LA, Wu S, Teng MS, Ko YL. Causal links of α-thalassemia indices and cardiometabolic traits and diabetes: MR study. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302204. [PMID: 37788909 PMCID: PMC10547910 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate if genetic variants around 16p13.3's HBA1 locus, associated with erythrocyte indices and HbA1c levels, predict α-thalassemia-related erythrocyte indices, cardiometabolic traits, and diabetes risk in Taiwanese individuals. We analyzed Taiwan Biobank data, including whole-genome sequencing from 1,493 participants and genotyping arrays from 129,542 individuals. First, we performed regional association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data to identify genetic variants significantly associated with erythrocyte indices, confirming their linkage disequilibrium with the α0 thalassemia --SEA deletion mutation, a common cause of α-thalassemia in Southeast Asian populations. Deletion mutation sequencing further validated these variants' association with α-thalassemia. Subsequently, we analyzed genotyping array data, revealing associations between specific genetic variants and cardiometabolic traits, including lipid profiles, HbA1c levels, bilirubin levels, and diabetes risk. Using Mendelian randomization, we established causal relationships between α-thalassemia-related erythrocyte indices and cardiometabolic traits, elucidating their role in diabetes susceptibility. Our findings highlight genetic variants around the α-globin genes as surrogate markers for common α-thalassemia mutations in Taiwan, emphasizing the causal links between α-thalassemia-related erythrocyte indices, cardiometabolic traits, and heightened diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- https://ror.org/00q017g63 Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- https://ror.org/00q017g63 Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- https://ror.org/00q017g63 The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Yang W, Li J, Hu J, Yuan X, Ding J, Jiang H, Wang G, Luo Q. Hypobaric hypoxia induces iron mobilization from liver and spleen and increases serum iron via activation of ghrelin/GHSR1a/MAPK signalling pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20254. [PMID: 37985861 PMCID: PMC10662372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure affects appetite and serum iron levels in both humans and animals. Thus, whether appetite-regulating ghrelin is involved in iron regulation under HH needs to be elucidated. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were placed in a hypobaric chamber to establish a 6000-m-high altitude exposure animal model. In vitro, mouse primary hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) to examine the effects of ghrelin on iron-regulating proteins. HH obviously reduced the body weight of mice and significantly increased the levels of erythrocytes, and also significantly enhanced the levels of serum iron and plasma ghrelin. However, iron content in the liver and spleen was decreased, while ferroportin (Fpn) expression was increased. Moreover, ghrelin significantly induced Fpn and pERK expression in both hepatocytes and macrophages under hypoxia, which were reversed by pretreatment with growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) antagonist or pERK inhibitor. Our findings indicated that HH leads to decreased appetite and insufficient dietary intake, which may negatively regulate the levels of ghrelin. Furthermore, GHSR1a/ERK signalling pathway is further activated to upregulate the expression of Fpn, and then promoting iron mobilization both in the liver/hepatocytes and spleen/macrophages in mice. Thus, these results revealed that ghrelin may be a potential iron regulatory hormone, and raised the possibility of ghrelin as a promising therapeutic target against iron disorders under HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Yang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianan Hu
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 XiSi Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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Novak W, Sunder-Plassmann R, Berner J, Köhrer S, Zeitlhofer P, Haas OA, Riedl J, Kager L, Sillaber C. Dominant inherited β-thalassemia intermedia in a Polish family due to a novel frameshift mutation in HBB. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30511. [PMID: 37353956 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Novak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jakob Berner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Köhrer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Zeitlhofer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar A Haas
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Riedl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo Kager
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Sillaber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Khamphikham P, Hanmanoviriya O, Wongpalee SP, Munkongdee T, Paiboonsukwong K, Jopang Y, Wangchauy C, Sancharernsook C, Jinorose N, Pornprasert S. Development of molecular diagnostic platform for α 0 -thalassemia 44.6 kb (Chiang Rai, -- CR ) deletion in individuals with microcytic red blood cells across Thailand. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:137-145. [PMID: 36709419 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The α0 -thalassemia 44.6 kb or Chiang Rai (--CR ) deletion has been reported in northern Thailand and is capable of causing hemoglobin (Hb) H disease and a lethal α-thalassemia genotype, Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis, in this region. However, there are no current data regarding the frequency of --CR nationwide due to a lack of effective diagnostic assay. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a reliable platform for simultaneous genotyping of --CR and two common α0 -thalassemias in Thailand (--SEA and --THAI ) and investigate the frequency of --CR across Thailand. METHODS Multiplex gap-PCR assay and five renewable plasmid DNA controls for --CR , --SEA , --THAI , α2-globin (HBA2), and β-actin (ACTB) were newly developed and validated with reference methods. The developed assay was further tested on 1046 unrelated individuals with a reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of less than 75 fl for investigating genotypic and allelic spectrum of --CR . RESULTS Our developed assay showed 100% concordance with reference methods. The results were valid and reproducible throughout hundreds of reactions. Comparison of the genotypic and allelic spectra revealed that heterozygous --SEA (--SEA /αα) and --SEA alleles were dominant with the frequency of 22.85% (239/1046) and 13.34% (279/2092), respectively. Of these, --THAI and --CR were relatively rare in this population and comparable to each other with the allelic frequency of 0.14% (3/2092). CONCLUSION This study successfully established a reliable molecular diagnostic platform for genotyping of --CR , --SEA , and --THAI in a single reaction. Additionally, we demonstrated the frequency of --CR in Thailand for the first time and provided knowledge basis for the planning of severe α-thalassemia prevention and control programs in Thailand, where thalassemia is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyaphat Khamphikham
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Hematology and Health Technology Research Center, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Oravee Hanmanoviriya
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somsakul Pop Wongpalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thongperm Munkongdee
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kittiphong Paiboonsukwong
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yupin Jopang
- Regional Health Promotion Center 9 Nakhon Ratchasima, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chaowanee Wangchauy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Charan Sancharernsook
- Department of Medical Technology, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | | | - Sakorn Pornprasert
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Hematology and Health Technology Research Center, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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8
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Novel Insights and Future Perspective in Iron Metabolism and Anemia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020138. [PMID: 35208213 PMCID: PMC8879443 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Memmolo P, Aprea G, Bianco V, Russo R, Andolfo I, Mugnano M, Merola F, Miccio L, Iolascon A, Ferraro P. Differential diagnosis of hereditary anemias from a fraction of blood drop by digital holography and hierarchical machine learning. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 201:113945. [PMID: 35032844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Anemia affects about the 25% of the global population and can provoke severe diseases, ranging from weakness and dizziness to pregnancy problems, arrhythmias and hearth failures. About 10% of the patients are affected by rare anemias of which 80% are hereditary. Early differential diagnosis of anemia enables prescribing patients a proper treatment and diet, which is effective to mitigate the associated symptoms. Nevertheless, the differential diagnosis of these conditions is often difficult due to shared and overlapping phenotypes. Indeed, the complete blood count and unaided peripheral blood smear observation cannot always provide a reliable differential diagnosis, so that biomedical assays and genetic tests are needed. These procedures are not error-free, require skilled personnel, and severely impact the financial resources of national health systems. Here we show a differential screening system for hereditary anemias that relies on holographic imaging and artificial intelligence. Label-free holographic imaging is aided by a hierarchical machine learning decider that works even in the presence of a very limited dataset but is enough accurate for discerning between different anemia classes with minimal morphological dissimilarities. It is worth to notice that only a few tens of cells from each patient are sufficient to obtain a correct diagnosis, with the advantage of significantly limiting the volume of blood drawn. This work paves the way to a wider use of home screening systems for point of care blood testing and telemedicine with lab-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Memmolo
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Genny Aprea
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Mugnano
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Merola
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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Fotzi I, Pegoraro F, Chiocca E, Casini T, Mogni M, Veltroni M, Favre C. Case Report: Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of ε γδβ Thalassemia in an Italian Patient. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:839775. [PMID: 35372167 PMCID: PMC8969019 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.839775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION εγδβ thalassemia is a rare form of β-thalassemia mostly described in children originating from Northern Europe. Only anecdotic cases from the Mediterranean area are reported. The diagnosis is challenging, considering the rarity of the disease and its heterogeneous clinical presentation. Most patients have neonatal microcytic anemia, sometimes requiring in utero and/or neonatal transfusions, and typically improving with age. CASE DESCRIPTION We report on an Italian newborn presenting with severe neonatal anemia that required red blood cell transfusion. After the first months of life, hemoglobin levels improved with residual very low mean corpuscular volume. β and α thalassemia, IRIDA syndrome, and sideroblastic anemia were excluded. Finally, a diagnosis of εγδβ thalassemia was made after microarray analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a 26 kb single copy loss of chromosome 11p15.4, including the HBD, HBBP1, HBG1, and HBB genes. CONCLUSIONS Despite its rarity, the diagnosis of εγδβ thalassemia should be considered in newborns with severe neonatal anemia requiring in utero and/or neonatal transfusions, but also in older infants with microcytic anemia, after excluding more prevalent red blood cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fotzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Pegoraro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Chiocca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Casini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Mogni
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marinella Veltroni
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Pujol‐Giménez J, Poirier M, Bühlmann S, Schuppisser C, Bhardwaj R, Awale M, Visini R, Javor S, Hediger MA, Reymond J. Inhibitors of Human Divalent Metal Transporters DMT1 (SLC11A2) and ZIP8 (SLC39A8) from a GDB-17 Fragment Library. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3306-3314. [PMID: 34309203 PMCID: PMC8596699 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are membrane proteins controlling fluxes across biological membranes and represent an emerging class of drug targets. Here we searched for inhibitors of divalent metal transporters in a library of 1,676 commercially available 3D-shaped fragment-like molecules from the generated database GDB-17, which lists all possible organic molecules up to 17 atoms of C, N, O, S and halogen following simple criteria for chemical stability and synthetic feasibility. While screening against DMT1 (SLC11A2), an iron transporter associated with hemochromatosis and for which only very few inhibitors are known, only yielded two weak inhibitors, our approach led to the discovery of the first inhibitor of ZIP8 (SLC39A8), a zinc transporter associated with manganese homeostasis and osteoarthritis but with no previously reported pharmacology, demonstrating that this target is druggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonai Pujol‐Giménez
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Membrane Transport Discovery Lab Inselspital, Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernCH-3010BernSwitzerland
| | - Marion Poirier
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Sven Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Céline Schuppisser
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Rajesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Membrane Transport Discovery Lab Inselspital, Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernCH-3010BernSwitzerland
| | - Mahendra Awale
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Ricardo Visini
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Matthias A. Hediger
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Membrane Transport Discovery Lab Inselspital, Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernCH-3010BernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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