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Hetta HF, Elsaghir A, Sijercic VC, Akhtar MS, Gad SA, Moses A, Zeleke MS, Alanazi FE, Ahmed AK, Ramadan YN. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: An updated comprehensive review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2036. [PMID: 38650719 PMCID: PMC11033295 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has evolved into a worldwide public health issue. One of the most serious complications of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which frequently creates a significant financial strain on patients and lowers their quality of life. Up until now, there has been no curative therapy for DFU, only symptomatic relief or an interruption in the disease's progression. Recent studies have focused attention on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which provide innovative and potential treatment candidates for several illnesses as they can differentiate into various cell types. They are mostly extracted from the placenta, adipose tissue, umbilical cord (UC), and bone marrow (BM). Regardless of their origin, they show comparable features and small deviations. Our goal is to investigate MSCs' therapeutic effects, application obstacles, and patient benefit strategies for DFU therapy. Methodology A comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords relating to DFU, MSCs, and connected topics in the databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The main focus of the selection criteria was on English-language literature that explored the relationship between DFU, MSCs, and related factors. Results and Discussion Numerous studies are being conducted and have demonstrated that MSCs can induce re-epithelialization and angiogenesis, decrease inflammation, contribute to immunological modulation, and subsequently promote DFU healing, making them a promising approach to treating DFU. This review article provides a general snapshot of DFU (including clinical presentation, risk factors and etiopathogenesis, and conventional treatment) and discusses the clinical progress of MSCs in the management of DFU, taking into consideration the side effects and challenges during the application of MSCs and how to overcome these challenges to achieve maximum benefits. Conclusion The incorporation of MSCs in the management of DFU highlights their potential as a feasible therapeutic strategy. Establishing a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between DFU pathophysiology, MSC therapies, and related obstacles is essential for optimizing therapy outcomes and maximizing patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Alaa Elsaghir
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | | | - Sayed A. Gad
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | - Mahlet S. Zeleke
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Fawaz E. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
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2
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Luo R, Wei Y, Chen P, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang W, Wang P, Tian W. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Modulating the IRE1 α Branch of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4483776. [PMID: 37545482 PMCID: PMC10397497 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4483776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial lung disease, and it carries a poor prognosis due to a lack of efficient diagnosis methods and treatments. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in IPF pathogenesis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to fibrosis via EMT-mediated pathways. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for pulmonary fibrosis and ameliorates lung fibrosis in animal models via paracrine effects. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the effect of transplanted MSCs are not known. We previously reported that MSCs attenuate endothelial injury by modulating ER stress and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The present study investigated whether modulation of ER stress- and EMT-related pathways plays essential roles in MSC-mediated alleviation of IPF. Methods and Results We constructed a A549 cell model of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrosis. TGF-β1 was used to induce EMT in A549 cells, and MSC coculture decreased EMT, as indicated by increased E-cadherin levels and decreased vimentin levels. ER stress participated in TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells, and MSCs inhibited the expression of XBP-1s, XBP-1u, and BiP, which was upregulated by TGF-β1. Inhibition of ER stress contributed to MSC-mediated amelioration of EMT in A549 cells, and modulation of the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of the ER stress pathway may have played an important role in this effect. MSC transplantation alleviated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. MSC treatment decreased the expression of ER stress- and EMT-related genes and proteins, and the most obvious effect of MSC treatment was inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that MSCs decrease EMT by modulating ER stress and that blockade of the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway may play a critical role in this effect. The current study provides novel insight for the application of MSCs for IPF treatment and elucidates the mechanism underlying the preventive effects of MSCs against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Luo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Stem Cell Therapy Research Center, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yaqiong Wei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Clinical Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Teaching and Research Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Experimental Animals, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - La Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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3
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Ganesan N, Chang YD, Hung SC, Lan JL, Liao JW, Fu ST, Lee CC. Mesenchymal stem cells suppressed skin and lung inflammation and fibrosis in topoisomerase I-induced systemic sclerosis associated with lung disease mouse model. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:323-337. [PMID: 36447073 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis associated with lung interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is the most common cause of death among patients with SSc. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantations had been treated by SSc patients that showed in the previous case report. The therapeutic mechanisms and effects of MSCs on SSc-ILD are still obscure. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of treatment of BM-MSC derived from C57BL/6 on the topoisomerase I (TOPO I) induced SSc-ILD-like mice model. The mice were immunized with a mixture of recombinant human TOPO I in PBS solution (500 U/mL) and completed Freund's adjuvant [CFA; 1:1 (volume/volume)] twice per week for 9 weeks. On week 10, the mice were sacrificed to analyze the related pathological parameters. Lung and skin pathologies were analyzed using histochemical staining. CD4 T-helper (TH) cell differentiation in lung and skin-draining lymph nodes was detected using flow cytometry. Our results revealed that allogeneic and syngeneic MSCs exhibited similar repressive effects on TOPO I-induced IgG1 and IgG2a in the SSc group. After intravascular (IV) treatment with syngeneic or allogeneic MSCs, the dermal thickness and fibrosis dramatically condensed and significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings showed that both allogeneic and syngeneic MSCs have therapeutic potential for SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Ganesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Di Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Translation Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih Tsung Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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4
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Yan F. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Pulmonary Fibrosis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:951-965. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihou Guo
- Stem Cell Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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5
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An outlook on potential protein targets of COVID-19 as a druggable site. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10729-10748. [PMID: 35790657 PMCID: PMC9256362 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19 disease has started a pandemic episode all over the world infecting millions of people and has created medical and economic crisis. From December 2019, cases originated from Wuhan city and started spreading at an alarming rate and has claimed millions of lives till now. Scientific studies suggested that this virus showed genomic similarity of about 90% with SARS-CoV and is found to be more contagious as compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Since the pandemic, virus has undergone constant mutation and few strains have raised public concern like Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and host proteins as well as their mechanism of action. We have also elucidated the repurposed drugs that have shown potency to inhibit these protein targets in combating COVID-19. Moreover, the article discusses the vaccines approved so far and those under clinical trials for their efficacy against COVID-19. CONCLUSION Using cryo-electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction, hundreds of crystallographic data of SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been published including structural and non-structural proteins. These proteins have a significant role at different aspects in the viral machinery and presented themselves as potential target for drug designing and therapeutic interventions. Also, there are few host cell proteins which helps in SARS-CoV-2 entry and proteolytic cleavage required for viral infection.
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Yanagihara T, Scallan C, Ask K, Kolb MR. Emerging therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: preclinical progress and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:939-948. [PMID: 34784834 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2006186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with high associated morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic landscape has significantly changed in the last 20 years with two drugs currently approved that have demonstrated the ability to slow disease progression. Despite these developments, survival in IPF is limited, so there is a major interest in therapeutic targets which could serve to open up new therapeutic avenues. AREAS COVERED We review the most recent information regarding drug targets and therapies currently being investigated in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The complex pathogenesis of IPF and variability in disease course and response to therapy highlights the importance of a precision approach to therapy. Novel technologies including transcriptomics and the use of serum biomarkers, will become essential tools to guide future drug development and therapeutic decision making particularly as it pertains to combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ciaran Scallan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Rj Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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7
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Fujioka N, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Ibaraki T, Kumamoto M, Fujita Y, Hontsu S, Yamauchi M, Yoshikawa M, Muro S, Ito T. Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Elastase-Induced Emphysema in Mice by Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2783-2793. [PMID: 34675503 PMCID: PMC8517419 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s324952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide problem because of its high prevalence and mortality. However, there is no fundamental treatment to ameliorate their pathological change in COPD lung. Recently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted attention in the field of regenerative medicine to repair damaged organs. Moreover, their utility in treating respiratory diseases has been reported in some animal models. However, the detailed mechanism by which ADSCs improve chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, remains to be elucidated. We examined whether human ADSCs (hADSCs) ameliorated elastase-induced emphysema and whether hADSCs differentiated into alveolar epithelial cells in a murine model of COPD. Methods Female SCID-beige mice (6 weeks old) were divided into the following four groups according to whether they received an intratracheal injection of phosphate-buffered saline or porcine pancreatic elastase, and whether they received an intravenous injection of saline or hADSCs 3 days after intratracheal injection; Control group, hADSC group, Elastase group, and Elastase-hADSC group. We evaluated the lung function, assessed histological changes, and compared gene expression between hADSCs isolated from the lung of Elastase-hADSC group and naïve hADSCs 28 days after saline or elastase administration. Results hADSCs improved the pathogenesis of COPD, including the mean linear intercept and forced expiratory volume, in an elastase-induced emphysema model in mice. Furthermore, hADSCs were observed in the lungs of elastase-treated mice at 25 days after administration. These cells expressed genes related to mesenchymal–epithelial transition and surface markers of alveolar epithelial cells, such as TTF-1, β-catenin, and E-cadherin. Conclusion hADSCs have the potential to improve the pathogenesis of COPD by differentiating into alveolar epithelial cells by mesenchymal–epithelial transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Fujioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiro Ibaraki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Makiko Kumamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hontsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Motoo Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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8
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Rodriguez-Echeverri C, Puerta-Arias JD, González Á. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis activates mesenchymal stem cells through TLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1. Med Mycol 2021; 59:149-157. [PMID: 32459842 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous researchers have described the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, contrary to what has been reported, the transplantation of BM-MSCs in a mouse model of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-induced pulmonary fibrosis exacerbated the inflammatory process and fibrosis, worsening the course of the infection. The aim of this work was to determine whether P. brasiliensis exerts an immunomodulatory effect on BM-MSCs. The results indicate that P. brasiliensis can activate BM-MSCs through a mechanism dependent on TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1. In addition, it was found that these fungal cells can adhere and internalize within BM-MSCs. Nonetheless, this process did not affect the survival of the fungus and on the contrary, triggered the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β. The present findings correlate with the loss of a fungicidal effect and poor control of the fungus, evidenced by the count of the colony-forming units. Previously reported in vivo results are thus confirmed, showing that P. brasiliensis induces an inflammatory profile in BM-MSCs when producing pro-inflammatory molecules that amplify such response. Numerous researchers have described the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, contrary to what has been reported, the transplantation of BM-MSCs in a mouse model of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-induced pulmonary fibrosis exacerbated the inflammatory process and fibrosis, worsening the course of the infection. The aim of this work was to determine whether P. brasiliensis exerts an immunomodulatory effect on BM-MSCs. The results indicate that P. brasiliensis can activate BM-MSCs through a mechanism dependent on TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1. In addition, it was found that these fungal cells can adhere and internalize within BM-MSCs. Nonetheless, this process did not affect the survival of the fungus and on the contrary, triggered the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β. The present findings correlate with the loss of a fungicidal effect and poor control of the fungus, evidenced by the count of the colony-forming units. Previously reported in vivo results are thus confirmed, showing that P. brasiliensis induces an inflammatory profile in BM-MSCs when producing pro-inflammatory molecules that amplify such response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodriguez-Echeverri
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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9
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Zhao Y, Yan Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi J, Li J, Ji F. Effectivity of mesenchymal stem cells for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and implication for clinical application. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:470. [PMID: 34420515 PMCID: PMC8380478 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial disease of the lung with poor prognosis and without effective treatment currently. Data from previous coronavirus infections, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, as well as current clinical evidence from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), support that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to PF, seriously impacting patient prognosis and quality of life. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment of PF will improve patient prognosis and reduce the overall social and economic burdens. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have many great advantages, including migration to damaged lung tissue and secretion of various paracrine factors, thereby regulating the permeability of endothelial and epithelial cells, reducing inflammatory response, promoting tissue repair and inhibiting bacterial growth. Clinical trials of MSCs for the treatment of acute lung injury, PF and severe and critically ill COVID-19 are ongoing. The purpose of this study is to systematically review preclinical studies, explored the effectiveness of MSCs in the treatment of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and analyze the potential mechanism, combined with clinical trials of current MSCs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-19, so as to provide support for clinical research and transformation of MSCs. Searching PubMed and Embase (- 2021.4) identified a total of 36 preclinical studies of MSCs as treatment of BLM-induced acute lung injury and PF in rodent models. Most of the studies showed the MSCs treatment to reduce BLM-induced lung tissue inflammatory response, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, extracellular matrix production and collagen deposition, and to improve Ashcroft score. The results of present studies indicate that MSCs may serve as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of PF, including viral-induced PF and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Respiratory, The Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Li DY, Li RF, Sun DX, Pu DD, Zhang YH. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:461. [PMID: 34407861 PMCID: PMC8371890 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating disease characterized by remodeling of lung architecture and abnormal deposition of fibroblasts in parenchymal tissue and ultimately results in respiratory failure and death. Preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration may be a safe and promising option in treating PF. The objective of our meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of MSC therapy in preclinical models of PF. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 17, 2021. Studies that assessed the efficacy of MSC therapy to animals with PF were included. The SYRCLE bias risk tool was employed to evaluate the bias of included studies. The primary outcomes included survival rate and pulmonary fibrosis scores. Meta-analysis was conducted via Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (version 5.4) and Stata 14.0 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 1120 articles were reviewed, of which 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 studies evaluated the survival rate and 20 studies evaluated pulmonary fibrosis scores. Compared to the control group, MSC therapy was associated with an improvement in survival rate (odds ratios (OR) 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06 to 4.67, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and a significant reduction in pulmonary fibrosis scores (weighted mean difference (WMD) 2.05, 95% CI -2.58 to -1.51, P < 0.001, I2 = 90%). CONCLUSIONS MSC therapy is a safe and effective method that can significantly improve the survival and pulmonary fibrosis of PF animals. These results provide an important basis for future translational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yuan Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Fang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Xiong Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Pu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Spagnolo P, Kropski JA, Jones MG, Lee JS, Rossi G, Karampitsakos T, Maher TM, Tzouvelekis A, Ryerson CJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Disease mechanisms and drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 222:107798. [PMID: 33359599 PMCID: PMC8142468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease of unknown cause characterized by relentless scarring of the lung parenchyma leading to reduced quality of life and earlier mortality. IPF is an age-related disorder, and with the population aging worldwide, the economic burden of IPF is expected to steadily increase in the future. The mechanisms of fibrosis in IPF remain elusive, with favored concepts of disease pathogenesis involving recurrent microinjuries to a genetically predisposed alveolar epithelium, followed by an aberrant reparative response characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are approved for treatment of IPF based on their ability to slow functional decline and disease progression; however, they do not offer a cure and are associated with tolerability issues. In this review, we critically discuss how cutting-edge research in disease pathogenesis may translate into identification of new therapeutic targets, thus facilitate drug discovery. There is a growing portfolio of treatment options for IPF. However, targeting the multitude of profibrotic cytokines and growth factors involved in disease pathogenesis may require a combination of therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Mark G Jones
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joyce S Lee
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, AUSL della Romagna, St. Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive lung scarring due to unknown injurious stimuli ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Diagnosis is complex and requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological investigations, along with exclusion of known causes of lung fibrosis. The current understanding of the disease etiology suggests an interaction between genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in susceptible, older individuals. Prognosis is dismal and current treatment options include anti-fibrotic agents that only slow down disease progression and carry considerable side effects that hamper patients' quality of life. Therefore, the need for new, more effective treatments, alone or in combination with existing pharmacotherapy, is sorely needed. Regenerative medicine, the potential use of cell therapies to treat destructive diseases that cause architectural distortion to the target organ, has also emerged as an alternative therapeutic for lung diseases with unfavorable prognosis such as IPF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) have been used and their safety has been demonstrated. In the case of MSCs, both homogenic and allogeneic sources have been used and both are considered viable options without immunosuppressive therapy, taking into consideration the absence of immunogenicity and HLA response. AEC2s have been used in one trial with promising results but their use requires a deceased donor and immunosuppressive pre-treatment. In this review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of IPF, and the background and rationale for using MSCs or AEC2s as potential treatment options. We list and describe the clinical trials completed to date and provide a comparison of their methods and results as well as a possible way forward.
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13
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van Geffen C, Deißler A, Quante M, Renz H, Hartl D, Kolahian S. Regulatory Immune Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2021; 12:663203. [PMID: 33995390 PMCID: PMC8120991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is receiving increasing attention for interstitial lung diseases, as knowledge on its role in fibrosis development and response to therapies is expanding. Uncontrolled immune responses and unbalanced injury-inflammation-repair processes drive the initiation and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The regulatory immune system plays important roles in controlling pathogenic immune responses, regulating inflammation and modulating the transition of inflammation to fibrosis. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the current knowledge on the potential role of regulatory immune cells, including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, we review the emerging role of regulatory immune cells in anti-fibrotic therapy and lung transplantation. A comprehensive understanding of immune regulation could pave the way towards new therapeutic or preventive approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel van Geffen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Deißler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Quante
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dominik Hartl, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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14
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Mahendiratta S, Bansal S, Sarma P, Kumar H, Choudhary G, Kumar S, Prakash A, Sehgal R, Medhi B. Stem cell therapy in COVID-19: Pooled evidence from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and ARDS: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111300. [PMID: 33529945 PMCID: PMC7843034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, which majorly affects the lungs and respiratory tract is thought due to dysregulation of the immune system which causes an immense imbalance of the cytokines. However, till now no standard treatment has been developed in treating the disease. On the other hand, it becomes important to prevent the acute respiratory tract infection due to COVID-19 which is the most dangerous phase leading to increased mortality. Hence this systematic review has been framed by pooling the available data of the use of stem cells in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and ARDS. METHODS 6 literature databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Clinical trial registry of India) were searched for relevant studies till 10th August 2020 using keywords stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cell therapy, SARS CoV-2, SARS Coronavirus, Coronavirus 2, COVID-19, nCoV-19, Novel Coronavirus, MERS CoV, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome. RESULTS The observations of this systematic review suggest capability of MSCs in reducing the systemic inflammation and protecting against SARS-CoV-2 as evidenced by the available clinical data. CONCLUSION MSCs can overcome the clinical challenges currently faced by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, specifically who are seriously ill and not responding to conventional therapies. Though the available clinical data is motivating, still predicting the therapeutic potential of MSCs will be too early in COVID-19. Hence, further studies in a larger cohort of patients becomes a prerequisite to validate their potential efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Mahendiratta
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Seema Bansal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Gajendra Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Dept. of Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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15
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Liu X, Yin M, Liu X, Da J, Zhang K, Zhang X, Liu L, Wang J, Jin H, Liu Z, Zhang B, Li Y. Analysis of Hub Genes Involved in Distinction Between Aged and Fetal Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Robust Rank Aggregation and Multiple Functional Annotation Methods. Front Genet 2020; 11:573877. [PMID: 33424919 PMCID: PMC7793715 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.573877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from fetal tissue protect against aging and possess greater proliferative capacity than their adult counterparts. These cells can more readily expand in vitro and senesce later in culture. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for these differences are still not fully understood. In this study, we used a robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to discover robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between fetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) and aged adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs). Multiple methods, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed for functional annotation of the robust DEGs, and the results were visualized using the R software. The hub genes and other genes with which they interacted directly were detected by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Correlation of gene expression was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient. A total of 388 up-regulated and 289 down-regulated DEGs were identified between aMSCs and fMSCs. We found that the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, telomerase activity, and stem cell proliferation. The up-regulated DEGs were associated with cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interactions, and the immune response. We screened out four hub genes, MYC, KIF20A, HLA-DRA, and HLA-DPA1, through PPI-network analysis. The MYC gene was negatively correlated with TXNIP, an age-related gene, and KIF20A was extensively involved in the cell cycle. The results suggested that MSCs derived from the bone marrow of an elderly donor present a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared with that of fMSCs, and the HLA-DRA and HLA-DPA1 genes are related to the immune response. These findings provide new insights into the differences between aMSCs and fMSCs and may suggest novel strategies for ex vivo expansion and application of adult MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Liu
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingjing Yin
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Da
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongshuang Liu
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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16
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Menzella F, Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Barbieri C, Biava M, Scelfo C, Fontana M, Facciolongo NC. COVID-19: general overview, pharmacological options and ventilatory support strategies. Multidiscip Respir Med 2020; 15:708. [PMID: 33282284 PMCID: PMC7662457 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus called "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in December 2019, starting from the Chinese city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province, and rapidly spreading to the rest of the world. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) can be characterized as a pandemic. During COVID-19 several immunological alterations have been observed: in plasma of severe patients, inflammatory cytokines are at a much higher concentration ("cytokine storm"). These aspects are associated with pulmonary inflammation and parenchymal infiltrates with an extensive lung tissue damage in COVID-19 patients. To date, clinical evidence and guidelines based on reliable data and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking. In the absence of definitive management protocols, many treatments are currently being evaluated worldwide. Some of these options were soon abandoned due to ineffectiveness, while others showed promising results. As for ventilatory strategies, at the moment there are still no consistent data published about the different approaches and how they may influence disease progression. What will probably represent the real solution to this pandemic is the identification of a safe and effective vaccine, for which enormous efforts and investments are being put in place. This review will summarize the state-of-the-art of COVID-19 current treatment options and those potentially available in the future, as well as high flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menzella
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence
| | | | - Chiara Barbieri
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia
| | | | - Chiara Scelfo
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia
| | - Matteo Fontana
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia
| | - Nicola Cosimo Facciolongo
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Reggio Emilia
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17
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Kucukoglu K, Faydalı N, Bul D. What are the drugs having potential against COVID-19? Med Chem Res 2020; 29:1935-1955. [PMID: 32929317 PMCID: PMC7481551 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A disease emerged in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China in the last month of 2019. It was pneumonia caused by a newly emerged coronavirus called COVID-19, later. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses belong to the Betacoronavirus family and infected birds, humans, and other mammals. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak could be characterized as a global pandemic because the disease spread, and a large number of people were infected and died in many countries on different continents by virtue of this new virus. Now, intensive work is underway about the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiological properties of COVID-19, and a great effort is made to develop effective specific therapeutic drugs, vaccines, and/or treatment strategies against these diseases. Herein, we have focused on all treatment options available against COVID-19 pneumonia in this text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Kucukoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Faydalı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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18
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The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Damage. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:356-373. [PMID: 30937640 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy constitutes one of the key treatment modalities for solid and hematological malignancies. Albeit being an effective treatment, chemotherapy application is often limited by its damage to healthy tissues, and curative treatment options for chemotherapy-related side effects are largely missing. As mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to exhibit regenerative capacity mainly by supporting a beneficial microenvironment for tissue repair, MSC-based therapies may attenuate chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries. An increasing number of animal studies shows favorable effects of MSC-based treatments; however, clinical trials for MSC therapies in the context of chemotherapy-related side effects are rare. In this concise review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of MSCs on chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicities. Both preclinical and early clinical trials investigating MSC-based treatments for chemotherapy-related side reactions are presented, and mechanistic explanations about the regenerative effects of MSCs in the context of chemotherapy-induced tissue damage are discussed. Furthermore, challenges of MSC-based treatments are outlined that need closer investigations before these multipotent cells can be safely applied to cancer patients. As any pro-tumorigenicity of MSCs needs to be ruled out prior to clinical utilization of these cells for cancer patients, the pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities of MSCs are discussed in detail.
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19
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Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, Tang SL, Tang CK. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105951. [PMID: 32234466 PMCID: PMC7139247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China, and has spread quickly to 72 countries to date. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [previously provisionally known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)]. At present, the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has caused a large number of deaths with tens of thousands of confirmed cases worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. However, there are no clinically approved vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs available for COVID-19. Intensive research on the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics and to identify potential drug targets, which will contribute to the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hence, this review will focus on recent progress regarding the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the characteristics of COVID-19, such as the aetiology, pathogenesis and epidemiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Shi-Lin Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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20
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21
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Fang S, Zhang S, Dai H, Hu X, Li C, Xing Y. The role of pulmonary mesenchymal cells in airway epithelium regeneration during injury repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:366. [PMID: 31791401 PMCID: PMC6889622 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The airways of mammalian lung are lined with highly specialized cell types that are the target of airborne toxicants and injury. Several epithelial cell types and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been identified to serve as stem cells during injury repair. However, the contributions of endogenous mesenchymal cells to recruitment, expansion or differentiation of stem cells, and repair and reestablishment of the normal composition of airway epithelium following injury have not been addressed. Methods The role of mouse pulmonary mesenchymal cells was investigated by lineage tracing using Dermo1-Cre; ROSAmTmG mice. In experimental models of lung injury by lipopolysaccharide and naphthalene, GFP-labeled Dermo1+ mesenchymal cells were traced during injury repair. In vitro lung explant culture treated with or without lipopolysaccharide was also used to verify in vivo data. Results During injury repair, a subgroup of GFP-labeled Dermo1+ mesenchymal cells were found to contribute to normal repair of the airway epithelium and differentiated into Club cells, ciliated cells, and goblet cells. In Club cell-specific naphthalene injury model, the process of Dermo1+ stem cell regenerating epithelial cells was dissected. The Dermo1+ stem cells was migrated into the airway epithelium layer sooner after injury, and sequentially differentiated transitionally to epithelial stem cells, such as neuroendocrine cells, and finally to newly differentiated Club cells, ciliated cells, and goblet cells in injury repair. Conclusion In this study, a population of Dermo1+ mesenchymal stem cell was identified to serve as stem cells in airway epithelial cell regeneration during injury repair. The Dermo1+ mesenchymal stem cell differentiated into epithelial stem cells before reestablishing various epithelial cells. These findings have implications for understanding the regulation of lung repair and the potential for usage of mesenchymal stem cells in therapeutic strategies for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiting Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiming Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Lu Q, El-Hashash AHK. Cell-based therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 31559309 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an example of interstitial lung diseases that is characterized by chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung injuries. During lung fibrosis, normal healthy lung tissues are replaced by remarkably destroyed alveolar architecture and altered extracellular cell matrix. These changes eventually cause severe disruption of the tightly-controlled gas exchange process and reduction of lung compliance that ultimately lead to both respiratory failure and death. In the last decade, progress has been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and two novel disease-modifying therapies were approved. However, finding more effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis is still a challenge, with its incidence continues to increase globally, which is associated with significantly high mortality, morbidity and economical healthcare burden. Different stem cell types have recently emerged as a promising therapy for human diseases, including lung fibrosis, with numerous studies on the identification, characterization, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. A large body of both basic and pre-clinical research on stem cells has been recently translated to patient care worldwide. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of IPF, and types of cells used in IPF cell-based therapies, including alveolar and mixed lung epithelial cells, different stem cell types (MSCs, ADSCs, IPSCs…etc.), endogenous lung tissue-specific stem cells, and circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs). We also discuss recent studies on the applications of these cells in IPF therapy and their delivery routes, effective doses for cell therapy, and timing of delivery. Finally, we discuss attractive recent and current clinical trials conducted on cell-based therapy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China.,Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed H K El-Hashash
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China.,Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Melnik S, Werth N, Boeuf S, Hahn EM, Gotterbarm T, Anton M, Richter W. Impact of c-MYC expression on proliferation, differentiation, and risk of neoplastic transformation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30836996 PMCID: PMC6402108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow (MSC) represent an attractive source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, thorough research is required into their clinical application safety issues concerning a risk of potential neoplastic degeneration in a process of MSC propagation in cell culture for therapeutic applications. Expansion protocols could preselect MSC with elevated levels of growth-promoting transcription factors with oncogenic potential, such as c-MYC. We addressed the question whether c-MYC expression affects the growth and differentiation potential of human MSC upon extensive passaging in cell culture and assessed a risk of tumorigenic transformation caused by MSC overexpressing c-MYC in vivo. METHODS MSC were subjected to retroviral transduction to induce expression of c-MYC, or GFP, as a control. Cells were expanded, and effects of c-MYC overexpression on osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis were monitored. Ectopic bone formation properties were tested in SCID mice. A potential risk of tumorigenesis imposed by MSC with c-MYC overexpression was evaluated. RESULTS C-MYC levels accumulated during ex vivo passaging, and overexpression enabled the transformed MSC to significantly overgrow competing control cells in culture. C-MYC-MSC acquired enhanced biological functions of c-MYC: its increased DNA-binding activity, elevated expression of the c-MYC-binding partner MAX, and induction of antagonists P19ARF/P16INK4A. Overexpression of c-MYC stimulated MSC proliferation and reduced osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Surprisingly, c-MYC overexpression also caused an increased COL10A1/COL2A1 expression ratio upon chondrogenesis, suggesting a role in hypertrophic degeneration. However, the in vivo ectopic bone formation ability of c-MYC-transduced MSC remained comparable to control GFP-MSC. There was no indication of tumor growth in any tissue after transplantation of c-MYC-MSC in mice. CONCLUSIONS C-MYC expression promoted high proliferation rates of MSC, attenuated but not abrogated their differentiation capacity, and did not immediately lead to tumor formation in the tested in vivo mouse model. However, upregulation of MYC antagonists P19ARF/P16INK4A promoting apoptosis and senescence, as well as an observed shift towards a hypertrophic collagen phenotype and cartilage degeneration, point to lack of safety for clinical application of MSC that were manipulated to overexpress c-MYC for their better expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Melnik
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Werth
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephane Boeuf
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hahn
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gotterbarm
- Department of Orthopedics, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Martina Anton
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Rozier P, Maria A, Goulabchand R, Jorgensen C, Guilpain P, Noël D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Systemic Sclerosis: Allogenic or Autologous Approaches for Therapeutic Use? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2938. [PMID: 30619298 PMCID: PMC6302042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease, which is potentially lethal. The physiopathology of the disease is still incompletely elucidated although the role of fibroblasts, endothelial cells (ECs), immune cells. and the environment (i.e., oxidative stress) has been demonstrated. This is an intractable disease with an urgent need to provide better therapeutic options to patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach thanks to the number of trophic and pleiotropic properties they exert. Among these, MSCs display anti-fibrotic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory capacities that might be of interest in the treatment of SSc by acting on different processes that are dysregulated in the disease. In the recent years, the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs has been demonstrated in different preclinical animal models and is being investigated in phase I clinical trials. Both allogenic and autologous transplantation of MSCs isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue is being evaluated. The rationale for using allogenic MSCs in SSc, as well as in other autoimmune diseases, is based on the possibility that autologous MSCs might be altered in these diseases. In SSc, reports from the literature are controversial. Nevertheless, the role of the oxidative environment and of the crosstalk with neighboring cells (fibroblasts and ECs) on the functional properties of MSCs has been reported. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data reporting the interest of MSC-based treatment in SSc and question the use of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in perspective of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rozier
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Multiorganic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Maria
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Multiorganic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Radjiv Goulabchand
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Multiorganic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Guilpain
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Multiorganic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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25
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Guo L, Karoubi G, Duchesneau P, Aoki FG, Shutova MV, Rogers I, Nagy A, Waddell TK. Interrupted reprogramming of alveolar type II cells induces progenitor-like cells that ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:14. [PMID: 30210809 PMCID: PMC6123410 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here an interrupted reprogramming strategy to generate “induced progenitor-like (iPL) cells” from alveolar epithelial type II (AEC-II) cells. A carefully defined period of transient expression of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM)) is able to rescue the limited in vitro clonogenic capacity of AEC-II cells, potentially by activation of a bipotential progenitor-like state. Importantly, our results demonstrate that interrupted reprogramming results in controlled expansion of cell numbers yet preservation of the differentiation pathway to the alveolar epithelial lineage. When transplanted to the injured lungs, AEC-II-iPL cells are retained in the lung and ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interrupted reprogramming can be used as an alternative approach to produce highly specified functional therapeutic cell populations and may lead to significant advances in regenerative medicine. A modified reprogramming strategy helps expand populations of surfactant-producing lung cells in a dish without altering their cellular function. A team led by Thomas Waddell and Andras Nagy from the University of Toronto, Canada isolated alveolar type II cells from the lungs of mice. They transiently induced expression of four reprogramming factors in these cells for a defined period of time. Before this “interrupted” reprogramming, the lung cells had limited ability to continue replicating themselves. Afterwards, the cells could expand their numbers dramatically without entering a pluripotent state. Rather, the cells maintained their original function while also expressing genes associated with lung precursor cells, which could explain their proliferative ability. The cells, when transplanted into the injured lungs, helped ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model, suggesting that a similar cell-based therapy may be useful in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pascal Duchesneau
- 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Fabio Gava Aoki
- 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Maria V Shutova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ian Rogers
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada.,3Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,4Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada.,4Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,6Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Hao Y, Ran Y, Lu B, Li J, Zhang J, Feng C, Fang J, Ma R, Qiao Z, Dai X, Xiong W, Liu J, Zhou Q, Hao J, Li R, Dai J. Therapeutic Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Canine Radiation-Induced Lung Injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:407-416. [PMID: 30191872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation on canine radiation-induced lung injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS Beagle dogs received localized 15-Gy x-ray radiation to the right lower lung to establish the model of radiation-induced lung injury. After 180 days, dogs were divided into 2 groups (4 per group). The MSC group received intratracheal MSC transplantation, and the saline group received the same volume of normal saline by lavage. The effect of MSC transplantation on lung injury was then evaluated 180 days after transplantation. RESULTS At 180 days after 15-Gy radiation, canine arterial blood oxygen partial pressure was significantly decreased, and the levels of hydroxyproline and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in peripheral blood were significantly increased, whereas that of TGF-α was significantly decreased. Computed tomography evaluation revealed visible honeycomb shadows in the right middle and lower pulmonary pleurae. Blood oxygen partial pressure of the MSC group gradually increased over time, whereas the levels of hydroxyproline and TGF-β in the peripheral blood showed a decreasing trend; TGF-α levels gradually increased, which differed significantly from the results observed in the saline group. In addition, computed tomography and pathologic examination showed that the degree of lung injury in the MSC group was milder. The MSC group also showed significantly increased pulmonary superoxide dismutase levels and significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukein-1, and hyaluronic acid levels. Further study confirmed that MSC transplantation inhibited the activation of TGF-β-Smad2/3 in lung tissues, and in vitro experiments showed that medium conditioned with MSCs effectively inhibited the increase in Smad2 and 3 levels induced by TGF-β1. CONCLUSION Canine radiation-induced lung injury could be observed at 180 days after radiation at 15 Gy. MSC transplantation can reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and TGF-β-Smad2/3 pathway activation, thereby reducing lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yonghong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjing Feng
- Institute of Animals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Qiao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotian Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Animals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of Animals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tzouvelekis A, Toonkel R, Karampitsakos T, Medapalli K, Ninou I, Aidinis V, Bouros D, Glassberg MK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:142. [PMID: 29868594 PMCID: PMC5962715 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an inexorably progressive lung disease of unknown origin. Prognosis is poor, with limited treatment options available, and the median survival remains just 3-5 years. Despite the use of pirfenidone and nintedanib for the treatment of IPF, curative therapies remain elusive and mortality remains high. Regenerative medicine and the use of cell-based therapies has recently emerged as a potential option for various diseases. Promising results of preclinical studies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suggest that they may represent a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic lung diseases including IPF. Encouraging results of Phase 1 studies of MSCs various have reduced safety concerns. Nonetheless, there is still a pressing need for exploratory biomarkers and interval end-points in the context of MSCs investigation. This review intends to summarize the current state of knowledge for stem cells in the experimental and clinical setting of IPF, present important safety and efficacy issues, highlight future challenges and address the need for large, multicenter clinical trials coupled with realistic end-points, including biomarkers, to assess treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- First Academic Respiratory Department, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Toonkel
- Department of Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- First Academic Respiratory Department, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kantha Medapalli
- Department of Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ioanna Ninou
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Aidinis
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- First Academic Respiratory Department, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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28
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Ntolios P, Manoloudi E, Tzouvelekis A, Bouros E, Steiropoulos P, Anevlavis S, Bouros D, Froudarakis ME. Longitudinal outcomes of patients enrolled in a phase Ib clinical trial of the adipose-derived stromal cells-stromal vascular fraction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2018; 12:2084-2089. [PMID: 29412521 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cell-based therapies have been used for the management of several diseases, holding promising results. Few studies have evaluated their use in chronic lung diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a lethal disease although new therapies have emerged the recent years. We have recently published a phase I study of 14 patients receiving endobronchially adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The aim of this report is to assess the outcome for our patients' population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who originally participated in this phase I study were followed up until the time of death. Pulmonary function tests as well as disease progression and survival time points were recorded. RESULTS After first administration, a significant functional decline was observed as assessed by the changes (delta-Δ) of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (mean ΔDLco = 6.2%, P = .04) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (mean ΔFVC = 6%, P = .029) at 18 and at 24 months, respectively. Median overall progression-free survival was 26 months and median overall survival was 32 months. All patients were alive for at least 2 years (survival rate, 100%) after first administration. Twelve patients (85.7%) died owing to disease progression. None of the patients experienced tumor development. CONCLUSIONS Significant functional decline occurred at 24 months after first administration. The median survival and time to progression are in line with the published epidemiologic data. Further clinical trials complemented by mechanistic studies are sorely needed to delineate the role of ADSCs in IPF pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Ntolios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Manoloudi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Argyris Tzouvelekis
- First Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Chest Diseases "Sotiria," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Bouros
- First Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Chest Diseases "Sotiria," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pachalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavros Anevlavis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- First Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Chest Diseases "Sotiria," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios E Froudarakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Liu L, Ho C. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Preparation and Transfection-free Ferumoxytol Labeling for MRI Cell Tracking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 43:2B.7.1-2B.7.14. [PMID: 29140566 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and are the most widely studied cell type for stem cell therapies. In vivo cell tracking of MSCs labeled with an FDA-approved superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) particle by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides essential information, e.g., MSC engraftment, survival, and fate, thus improving cell therapy accuracy. However, current methodology for labeling MSCs with Ferumoxytol (Feraheme® ), the only FDA-approved SPIO particle, needs transfection agents. This unit describes a new "bio-mimicry" protocol to prepare more native MSCs by using more "in vivo environment" of MSCs, so that the phagocytic activity of cultured MSCs is restored and expanded MSCs can be labeled with Ferumoxytol, without the need for transfection agents and/or electroporation. Moreover, MSCs re-size to a more native size, reducing from 32.0 to 19.5 μm. The MSCs prepared from this protocol retain more native properties and would be useful for biomedical applications and MSC-tracking studies by MRI. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Present address: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chien Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Kotani T, Masutani R, Suzuka T, Oda K, Makino S, Ii M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of intravenous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced interstitial pneumonia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14608. [PMID: 29097816 PMCID: PMC5668313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) have recently been considered a useful treatment tool for autoimmune disease because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. We investigated the therapeutic effect of intravenous AdSC transplantation in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. AdSCs accumulated in the pulmonary interstitium and inhibited both inflammation and fibrosis in the lung, markedly improving the survival rate of mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury in a cell number-dependent manner. AdSCs inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-12 in activated macrophages, and AdSCs also induced the apoptosis of activated macrophages. AdSCs inhibited the differentiation and proliferation of Th2-type mCD4+ T cells but promoted the differentiation and proliferation of regulatory T cells, suggesting that the phenotypic conversion of T cells may be one of the mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effect of AdSCs on pulmonary fibrosis. These findings suggest that intravenous AdSCs could be a promising treatment for patients with interstitial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kotani
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Masutani
- Division of Central Laboratory, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayasu Suzuka
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Oda
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Makino
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Tan M, Zheng R, Zhao L, Zhang X. Induced pluripotent stem cell-conditioned medium suppresses pulmonary fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation via the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:473-484. [PMID: 29115383 PMCID: PMC5746308 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies based on stem cells have been shown to have potential in improving the condition of severe lung diseases. In this study, the suppressive effects of conditioned medium (CM) of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) on pulmonary fibroblast differentiation were investigated in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms through which iPSC-CM inhibited the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts were explored as well. iPSCs were generated using a mouse 3-gene transfection method, myofibroblast-like cells were induced by incubating human fibroblasts with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) were established by an injection of bleomycin. Based on these experiments, the effects of iPSC-CM on collagen accumulation, lung structure and the TGF-β1-mediated pathway were determined. It was found that treatment with iPSC-CM markedly reduced the proliferation of TGF-β1-exposed cells, and the activities of TGF-β1, Smad-2 and Smad-3. Accompanied by alterations in the expression of the indicated molecules, the lung structure of mice with PF was also markedly ameliorated. The present study confirmed the protective effects of iPSC-CM on lung tissue against PF, and it was also inferred that the ameliorating function of iPSC-CM on PF may be exerted through the blocking of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Mingqi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
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Uder C, Brückner S, Winkler S, Tautenhahn HM, Christ B. Mammalian MSC from selected species: Features and applications. Cytometry A 2017; 93:32-49. [PMID: 28906582 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cellular therapy of different diseases in humans and in animals. Following the guidelines of the International Society for Cell Therapy, human MSC may be identified by expression of a specific panel of cell surface markers (CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD34-, CD14-, or CD11b-, CD79- or CD19-, HLA-DR-). In addition, multiple differentiation potential into at least the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineage is a main criterion for MSC definition. Human MSC and MSC of a variety of mammals isolated from different tissues meet these criteria. In addition to the abovementioned, they express many more cell surface markers. Yet, these are not uniquely expressed by MSC. The gross phenotypic appearance like marker expression and differentiation potential is similar albeit not identical for MSC from different tissues and species. Similarly, MSC may feature different biological characteristics depending on the tissue source and the isolation and culture procedures. Their versatile biological qualities comprising immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proregenerative capacities rely largely on the migratory and secretory capabilities of MSC. They are attracted to sites of tissue lesion and secrete factors to promote self-repair of the injured tissue. This is a big perspective for clinical MSC applications in both veterinary and human medicine. Phase I/II clinical trials have been initiated to assess safety and feasibility of MSC therapies in acute and chronic disease settings. Yet, since the mode of MSC action in a specific disease environment is still unknown at large, it is mandatory to unravel the response of MSC from a given source onto a specific disease environment in suitable animal models prior to clinical applications. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Uder
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Sandra Brückner
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Sandra Winkler
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
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Abstract
Rationale Stem cells have been identified in the human lung; however, their role in lung disease is not clear. We aimed to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human lung tissue and to study their in vitro properties. Methods MSC were cultured from lung tissue obtained from patients with fibrotic lung diseases (n = 17), from emphysema (n = 12), and normal lungs (n = 3). Immunofluorescence stainings were used to characterize MSC. The effect of MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) on fibroblast proliferation and on lung epithelial wound repair was studied. Results Expression of CD44, CD90, and CD105 characterized the cells as MSC. Moreover, the cells stained positive for the pluripotency markers Oct3/4 and Nanog. Positive co-stainings of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) with CD44, CD90 or CD105 indicated the cells are of bone marrow origin. MSC-CM significantly inhibited the proliferation of lung fibroblasts by 29% (p = 0.0001). Lung epithelial repair was markedly increased in the presence of MSC-CM (+ 32%). Significantly more MSC were obtained from fibrotic lungs than from emphysema or control lungs. Conclusions Our study demonstrates enhanced numbers of MSC in fibrotic lung tissue as compared to emphysema and normal lung. The cells inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and enhance epithelial repair in vitro. Further in vivo studies are needed to elucidate their potential role in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Attenuate Cutaneous Sclerodermatous Graft-Versus-Host Disease (Scl-GVHD) through Inhibition of Immune Cell Infiltration in a Mouse Model. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1895-1904. [PMID: 28526296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) shares clinical characteristics with a murine sclerodermatous GVHD model that is characterized by skin thickening and lung fibrosis. A B10.D2 → BALB/c transplant model of sclerodermatous GVHD was used to address the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the development of chronic GVHD. The clinical and pathological severity of cutaneous sclerodermatous GVHD was significantly attenuated in MSC-treated recipients relative to sclerodermatous GVHD control subjects. After MSC treatment, skin collagen production was significantly reduced, with consistent down-regulation of Tgfb expression. Effects of MSCs on molecular markers implicated in persistent transforming growth factor-β signaling and fibrosis, such as PTEN, phosphorylated Smad-2/3, and matrix metalloproteinase-1, were observed in skin tissue. MSCs neither migrate to the skin nor affect the in vivo expansion of immune effector cells, but they inhibited the infiltration of immune effector cells into skin via down-regulation of CCR4 and CCR8 expression on CD4+ T cells and CCR1 on CD11b+ monocyte/macrophages. MSCs diminished expression of chemokines such as CCL1, CCL3, CCL8, CCL17, and CCL22 in skin. MSCs were also dependent on stimulated splenocytes to suppress fibroblast proliferation. Our findings indicate that MSCs attenuate the cutaneous sclerodermatous GVHD by selectively blocking immune cell migration and down-regulating chemokines and chemokine receptors.
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Xiang B, Chen L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xiang C. Transplantation of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes the Repair of LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040689. [PMID: 28346367 PMCID: PMC5412275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been shown to be good therapeutic tools in diseases such as ovarian failure and cardiac fibrosis. However, relevant studies of MenSCs in ALI have not yet proceeded. We hypothesized that MenSC could attenuate the inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and promote the repair of damaged lung. ALI model was induced by LPS in C57 mice, and saline or MenSCs were administered via tail vein after four hours. The MenSCs were subsequently detected in the lungs by a live imaging system. The MenSCs not only improved pulmonary microvascular permeability and attenuated histopathological damage, but also mediated the downregulation of IL-1β and the upregulation of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the damaged lung. Immunohistochemistry revealed the increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the reduced expression of caspase-3 indicating the beneficial effect of MenSCs. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) was also upregulated after MenSCs administrated. As shown using transwell co-culture, the MenSCs also could improve the viability of BEAS-2B cells and inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that MenSC-based therapies could be promising strategies for treating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yongjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Clinical Potential and Mode of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020244. [PMID: 28125063 PMCID: PMC5343781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin disorders that cause serious deterioration of the quality of life have become one of the major public concerns. Despite their significance, there is no fundamental cure to date. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess unique immunomodulatory properties which make them a promising tool for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Our recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that MSCs can be successfully used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the major inflammatory skin diseases. This observation along with similar reports from other groups revealed the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of MSCs in inflammatory dermatosis. In addition, it has been proposed that cell priming or gene transduction can be novel strategies for the development of next-generation high-efficacy MSCs for treating inflammatory skin diseases. We discuss here existing evidence that demonstrates the regulatory properties of MSCs on immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
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Maria ATJ, Maumus M, Le Quellec A, Jorgensen C, Noël D, Guilpain P. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Autoimmune Disorders: State of the Art and Perspectives for Systemic Sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 52:234-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu L, Tseng L, Ye Q, Wu YL, Bain DJ, Ho C. A New Method for Preparing Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Labeling with Ferumoxytol for Cell Tracking by MRI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26271. [PMID: 27188664 PMCID: PMC4870722 DOI: 10.1038/srep26271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the major stem cells used for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In-vivo cell-tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for regenerative medicine, allowing verification that the transplanted cells reach the targeted sites. Cellular MRI combined with superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) contrast agents is an effective cell-tracking method. Here, we are reporting a new “bio-mimicry” method by making use of the “in-vivo environment” of MSCs to prepare native MSCs, so that (i) the phagocytic activity of cultured MSCs can be recovered and expanded MSCs can be ex-vivo labeled with Ferumoxytol, which is currently the only FDA approved SPIO nanoparticles for human use. Using our new method, 7-day cultured MSCs regain the capability to take up Ferumoxytol and exhibit an intracellular iron concentration of 2.50 ± 0.50 pg/MSC, comparable to that obtained by using Ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine nanocomplex; and (ii) cells can be re-sized to more native size, reducing from 32.0 ± 7.2 μm to 19.5 ± 5.2 μm. Our method can be very useful for expanding MSCs and labeling with Ferumoxytol, without the need for transfection agents and/or electroporation, allowing cell-tracking by MRI in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lanya Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Bain
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lung Regeneration: Endogenous and Exogenous Stem Cell Mediated Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010128. [PMID: 26797607 PMCID: PMC4730369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue turnover of unperturbed adult lung is remarkably slow. However, after injury or insult, a specialised group of facultative lung progenitors become activated to replenish damaged tissue through a reparative process called regeneration. Disruption in this process results in healing by fibrosis causing aberrant lung remodelling and organ dysfunction. Post-insult failure of regeneration leads to various incurable lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, identification of true endogenous lung progenitors/stem cells, and their regenerative pathway are crucial for next-generation therapeutic development. Recent studies provide exciting and novel insights into postnatal lung development and post-injury lung regeneration by native lung progenitors. Furthermore, exogenous application of bone marrow stem cells, embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) show evidences of their regenerative capacity in the repair of injured and diseased lungs. With the advent of modern tissue engineering techniques, whole lung regeneration in the lab using de-cellularised tissue scaffold and stem cells is now becoming reality. In this review, we will highlight the advancement of our understanding in lung regeneration and development of stem cell mediated therapeutic strategies in combating incurable lung diseases.
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Heise RL, Link PA, Farkas L. From Here to There, Progenitor Cells and Stem Cells Are Everywhere in Lung Vascular Remodeling. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:80. [PMID: 27583245 PMCID: PMC4988064 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of stem cell biology, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine has expanded almost exponentially, in the last decade. Clinical trials are evaluating the potential therapeutic use of stem cells in many adult and pediatric lung diseases with vascular component, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Extensive research activity is exploring the lung resident and circulating progenitor cells and their contribution to vascular complications of chronic lung diseases, and researchers hope to use resident or circulating stem/progenitor cells to treat chronic lung diseases and their vascular complications. It is becoming more and more clear that progress in mechanobiology will help to understand the various influences of physical forces and extracellular matrix composition on the phenotype and features of the progenitor cells and stem cells. The current review provides an overview of current concepts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Patrick A Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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Ghadiri M, Young PM, Traini D. Cell-based therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:375-87. [PMID: 26593230 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, cell-based therapies have shown great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. It has been proposed that the administration of cells into an injured lung could be considered as a therapeutic method to repair and replace lost lung tissue. Using this method, transplanted cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into alveolar cells, have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for IPF treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest investigations using various types of cells for IPF therapy have been presented. The cells studied for cell-based therapies in IPF are lung alveolar epithelial cells, lung resident stem cells and exogenous adult stem cells such as MSCs. EXPERT OPINION After many years of investigation, the use of cell-based therapies to treat IPF is still at the experimental phase. Problems include bioethical issues, safety of cell transplantation, routes of delivery and the dose and timing of administration. Further investigations are necessary to establish the best strategy for using cell-based therapies effectively for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ghadiri
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
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Srour N, Thébaud B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Animal Bleomycin Pulmonary Fibrosis Models: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1500-10. [PMID: 26494779 PMCID: PMC4675510 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an inexorably progressive lung disease with few available treatments. New therapeutic options are needed. Stem cells have generated much enthusiasm for the treatment of several conditions, including lung diseases. Human trials of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for pulmonary fibrosis are under way. To shed light on the potential usefulness of MSCs for human disease, we aimed to systematically review the preclinical literature to determine if MSCs are beneficial in animal bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. The MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for original studies of stem cell therapy in animal bleomycin models of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells were excluded. Seventeen studies were selected, all of which used MSCs in rodents. MSC therapy led to an improvement in bleomycin-induced lung collagen deposition in animal lungs and in the pulmonary fibrosis Ashcroft score in most studies. MSC therapy improved histopathology in almost all studies in which it was evaluated qualitatively. Furthermore, MSC therapy was found to improve 14-day survival in animals with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage total and neutrophil counts, as well as transforming growth factor-β levels, were also reduced by MSCs. MSCs are beneficial in rodent bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. Since most studies examined the initial inflammatory phase rather than the chronic fibrotic phase, preclinical data offer better support for human trials of MSCs in acute exacerbations of pulmonary fibrosis rather than the chronic phase of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE There has been increased interest in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for lung diseases. A few small clinical trials are under way in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Preclinical evidence was assessed in a systematic review, as is often done for clinical studies. The existing studies offer better support for efficacy in the initial inflammatory phase rather than the fibrotic phase that human trials are targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Srour
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Mount Sinai Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Cras A, Farge D, Carmoi T, Lataillade JJ, Wang DD, Sun L. Update on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in lupus and scleroderma. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:301. [PMID: 26525582 PMCID: PMC4631077 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current systemic therapies are rarely curative for patients with severe life-threatening forms of autoimmune diseases (ADs). During the past 15 years, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been demonstrated to cure some patients with severe AD refractory to all other available therapies. As a consequence, ADs such as lupus and scleroderma have become an emerging indication for cell therapy. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), isolated from bone marrow and other sites, display specific immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties and appear as ideal tools to treat such diseases. The present update aims at summarizing recent knowledge acquired in the field of MSC-based therapies for lupus and scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cras
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Cell Therapy Unit, Cord blood Bank and CIC-BT501, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France. .,INSERM UMRS 1140, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'observatoire, 75004, Paris, France.
| | - Dominique Farge
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Internal Medicine and Vascular Disease Unit, CIC-BT501, INSERM UMRS 1160, Paris 7 Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Carmoi
- Hôpital du Val de Grace, Internal Medecine Unit, 74 boulevard de Port Royal, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Percy Military Hospital, Department of Research and Cell Therapy, 101 Avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Dan Dan Wang
- Department of Immunology, The affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Immunology, The affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhong Shan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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45
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Antunes MA, Laffey JG, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal stem cell trials for pulmonary diseases. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1023-32. [PMID: 24515922 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
All adult tissues, including the lung, have some capacity to self-repair or regenerate through the replication and differentiation of stem cells resident within these organs. While lung resident stem cells are an obvious candidate cell therapy for lung diseases, limitations exist regarding our knowledge of the biology of these cells. In contrast, there is considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of exogenous cells, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), for lung diseases. Bone marrow derived-MSCs are the most studied cell therapy for these diseases. Preclinical studies demonstrate promising results using MSCs for diverse lung disorders, including emphysema, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This mini-review will summarize ongoing clinical trials using MSCs in lung diseases, critically examine the data supporting their use for this purpose, and discuss the next steps in the translational pathway for MSC therapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Shen Q, Chen B, Xiao Z, Zhao L, Xu X, Wan X, Jin M, Dai J, Dai H. Paracrine factors from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate epithelial injury and lung fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2831-7. [PMID: 25514921 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine factors are currently considered to be the major mechanism through which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on bleomycin (BLM)‑induced lung injury and fibrosis, both in vitro and in vivo. A549 human non‑small cell lung cancer epithelial cells were cultured in serum‑free medium, or MSC‑CM, both with or without BLM. The protective effects of MSC‑CM was determined by MTT assay to assess cell viability and Annexin V‑PE to assess apoptosis. Rats were intratracheally injected with MSC‑CM, saline, or conditioned medium from fibroblasts on day 0 and day 3 after intratracheal administration of BLM, and were sacrificed on day 28. Lung injury and fibrosis were assessed by histological assessment, Ashcroft score, and hydroxyproline assay; lung cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. In comparison to the control group (0.17±0.01), 8 and 16% MSC‑CM had a significant stimulatory effect on A549 cellular proliferation (0.24±0.03 and 0.24±0.04, respectively, P<0.01). A549 cells cultured with MSC‑CM were protected from BLM‑induced apoptosis, 23.43±3.76% vs. 38.06±4.32%; (P<0.05). In the BLM‑challenged rats, MSC‑CM was shown to protect against lung fibrosis in terms of lung inflammation, fibrotic scores, collagen deposition, and cell apoptosis. This data suggests that MSCs are capable of protecting against lung injury and fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo through a paracrine anti‑inflammatory mechanism. MSC‑CM may provide a novel approach for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells reduces lung fibrosis but not inflammation in the late stages of murine silicosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109982. [PMID: 25299237 PMCID: PMC4192548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) in the late stages of silica-induced damage would reduce the remodelling process in a murine model of silicosis. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 2 groups. In the SIL group, mice were instilled with a silica particle suspension intratracheally. Control (C) mice received saline under the same protocol. On the 40th day, some of the animals from both groups were killed. The others were treated with either saline or BMMCs (1×106cells) intravenously (C+BMMC and SIL+BMMC), and the mice were killed 70 days after the start of the protocol. In the mice in the SIL+BMMC group, collagen deposition, the presence of silica particles inside nodules, the presence of macrophages and cells reactive for inducible nitric oxide synthase were reduced. Lung parameters also improved. Beyond that, the total and differential cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, immunoexpression of transforming growth factor-β, the number of T regulatory cells and apoptosis were increased. However, the presence of male donor cells in lung tissue was not observed using GFP+ cells (40d) or Y chromosome DNA (70d). Therefore, BMMC therapy in the late stages of experimental silicosis improved lung function by diminishing fibrosis but inflammatory cells persisted, which could be related to expansion of T regulatory cells, responsible for the beneficial effects of cell therapy.
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48
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Leeman KT, Fillmore CM, Kim CF. Lung stem and progenitor cells in tissue homeostasis and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 107:207-233. [PMID: 24439808 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416022-4.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian lung is a complex organ containing numerous putative stem/progenitor cell populations that contribute to region-specific tissue homeostasis and repair. In this review, we discuss recent advances in identifying and studying these cell populations in the context of lung homeostasis and disease. Genetically engineered mice now allow for lineage tracing of several lung stem and progenitor cell populations in vivo during different types of lung injury repair. Using specific sets of cell surface markers, these cells can also be isolated from murine and human lung and tested in 3D culture systems and in vivo transplant assays. The pathology of devastating lung diseases, including lung cancers, is likely in part due to dysregulation and dysfunction of lung stem cells. More precise characterization of stem cells with identification of new, unique markers; improvement in isolation and transplant techniques; and further development of functional assays will ultimately lead to new therapies for a host of human lung diseases. In particular, lung cancer biology may be greatly informed by findings in normal lung stem cell biology as evidence suggests that lung cancer is a disease that begins in, and may be driven by, neoplastic lung stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T Leeman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine M Fillmore
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wen ST, Chen W, Chen HL, Lai CW, Yen CC, Lee KH, Wu SC, Chen CM. Amniotic fluid stem cells from EGFP transgenic mice attenuate hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75383. [PMID: 24040409 PMCID: PMC3770548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of oxygen aggravate the severity of lung injury in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Although mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to effectively attenuate various injured tissues, there is limited information regarding a role for amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) in treating acute lung injury. We hypothesized that intravenous delivery of AFSCs would attenuate lung injury in an experimental model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. AFSCs were isolated from EGFP transgenic mice. The in vitro differentiation, surface markers, and migration of the AFSCs were assessed by specific staining, flow cytometry, and a co-culture system, respectively. The in vivo therapeutic potential of AFSCs was evaluated in a model of acute hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice. The administration of AFSCs significantly reduced the hyperoxia-induced pulmonary inflammation, as reflected by significant reductions in lung wet/dry ratio, neutrophil counts, and the level of apoptosis, as well as reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and early-stage fibrosis in lung tissues. Moreover, EGFP-expressing AFSCs were detected and engrafted into a peripheral lung epithelial cell lineage by fluorescence microscopy and DAPI stain. Intravenous administration of AFSCs may offer a new therapeutic strategy for acute lung injury (ALI), for which efficient treatments are currently unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Tao Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioresources and Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsiung Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Induced pluripotent stem cells mediate the release of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 and alleviate bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Shock 2013; 39:261-70. [PMID: 23364435 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318285f2e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases cause serious morbidity and mortality, and effective treatments are limited. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lacking the reprogramming factor c-Myc (3-gene iPSCs) can be used as ideal tools for cell-based therapy because of their low level of tumorigenicity. In this study, we investigated whether 3-gene iPSC transplantation could rescue bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. After the induction of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via intratracheal delivery of bleomycin sulfate, mice were i.v. injected with 3-gene iPSCs or conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) at 24 h after bleomycin treatment. Administration of either 3-gene iPSCs or iPSC-CM significantly attenuated collagen content and myeloperoxidase activity, diminished neutrophil accumulation, and rescued pulmonary function and recipient survival after bleomycin treatment. Notably, both treatments reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 yet increased the production of the antifibrotic chemokine interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) in bleomycin-injured lungs. Furthermore, IP-10 neutralization via treatment with IP-10-neutralizing antibodies ameliorated the reparative effect of either 3-gene iPSCs or iPSC-CM on collagen content, neutrophil and monocyte accumulation, pulmonary fibrosis, and recipient survival. Intravenous delivery of 3-gene iPSCs/iPSC-CM alleviated the severity of histopathologic and physiologic impairment in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The protective mechanism was partially mediated by the early moderation of inflammation, reduced levels of cytokines and chemokines that mediate inflammation and fibrosis, and an increased production of antifibrotic IP-10 in the injured lungs.
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