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Paolucci M, Antz N, Homère V, Kolm I, Kündig TM, Johansen P. A murine model of peanut-allergic asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1378877. [PMID: 38765484 PMCID: PMC11099873 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1378877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated food allergy that is associated with asthma in certain patients. With increasing prevalence, its great impact on the quality of life, and a lack of treatment options, the need for new therapy options is a given. Hence, models for research and development are required. This study aimed to establish a murine model of allergic airway inflammation induced by peanut allergens. Methods C3H mice were sensitised by intraperitoneal injections of peanut allergen extract and challenged by an intranasal application of the same extract. The assessment of airway inflammation involved the analysis of immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as measured by flow cytometry. Inflammatory reactions in the lung tissue were also studied by histology and quantitative PCR. Moreover, peanut-specific immune responses were studied after re-stimulation of spleen cells in vitro. Results Sensitisation led to allergen-specific IgE, IgA, and IgG1 seroconversion. Subsequent nasal exposure led to allergic airway inflammation as manifested by structural changes such as bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucus cell hyperplasia, infiltration of eosinophil cells and T cells, as well as an upregulation of genes expressing IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ. Upon re-stimulation of splenocytes with peanut allergen, increased secretion of both T-helper type 2 (Th2) and Th1 cytokines was observed. Conclusion We successfully established a peanut-associated asthma model that exhibited many features characteristic of airway inflammation in human patients with allergic asthma. The model holds potential as a tool for investigating novel therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paolucci
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Antz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Homère
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mariana M, Lorigo M, Feiteiro J, Castelo-Branco M, Soares AM, Cairrao E. Adverse cardiovascular effects of long-term exposure to diethyl phthalate in the rat aorta. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139904. [PMID: 37611763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are classified as priority environmental pollutants, since they are ubiquitous in the environment, have endocrine disrupting properties and can contribute to impaired health. Used primarily in personal care products and excipients for pharmaceuticals, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a short-chain alkyl phthalate that has been linked to decreased blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and increased gestational weight gain in humans, while in animals it has been associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Although all these findings are related to risk factors or cardiovascular diseases, DEP's vascular impacts still need to be clarified. Thus, performing ex vivo and in vitro experiments, we aimed to understand the vascular DEP effects in rat. To evaluate the vascular contractility of rat aorta exposed to different doses of DEP (0.001-1000 μM), an organs bath was used; and resorting to a cell line of the rat aorta vascular smooth muscle, electrophysiology experiments were performed to analyse the effects of a rapid (within minutes with no genomic effects) and a long-term (24 h with genomic effects) exposure of DEP on the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L), and the expression of several genes related with the vascular function. For the first time, vascular electrophysiological properties of an EDC were analysed after a long-term genomic exposure. The results show a hormetic response of DEP, inducing a Ca2+ current inhibition of the rat aorta, which may be responsible for impaired cardiovascular electrical health. Thus, these findings contribute to a greater scientific knowledge about DEP's effects in the cardiovascular system, specifically its implications in the development of electrical disturbances like arrhythmias and its possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Joana Feiteiro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Novak T, Crawford JC, Hahn G, Hall MW, Thair SA, Newhams MM, Chou J, Mourani PM, Tarquinio KM, Markovitz B, Loftis LL, Weiss SL, Higgerson R, Schwarz AJ, Pinto NP, Thomas NJ, Gedeit RG, Sanders RC, Mahapatra S, Coates BM, Cvijanovich NZ, Ackerman KG, Tellez DW, McQuillen P, Kurachek SC, Shein SL, Lange C, Thomas PG, Randolph AG. Transcriptomic profiles of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome phenotypes in pediatric critical influenza. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220028. [PMID: 37533854 PMCID: PMC10390830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza virus is responsible for a large global burden of disease, especially in children. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is a life-threatening and fatal complication of severe influenza infection. Methods We measured RNA expression of 469 biologically plausible candidate genes in children admitted to North American pediatric intensive care units with severe influenza virus infection with and without MODS. Whole blood samples from 191 influenza-infected children (median age 6.4 years, IQR: 2.2, 11) were collected a median of 27 hours following admission; for 45 children a second blood sample was collected approximately seven days later. Extracted RNA was hybridized to NanoString mRNA probes, counts normalized, and analyzed using linear models controlling for age and bacterial co-infections (FDR q<0.05). Results Comparing pediatric samples collected near admission, children with Prolonged MODS for ≥7 days (n=38; 9 deaths) had significant upregulation of nine mRNA transcripts associated with neutrophil degranulation (RETN, TCN1, OLFM4, MMP8, LCN2, BPI, LTF, S100A12, GUSB) compared to those who recovered more rapidly from MODS (n=27). These neutrophil transcripts present in early samples predicted Prolonged MODS or death when compared to patients who recovered, however in paired longitudinal samples, they were not differentially expressed over time. Instead, five genes involved in protein metabolism and/or adaptive immunity signaling pathways (RPL3, MRPL3, HLA-DMB, EEF1G, CD8A) were associated with MODS recovery within a week. Conclusion Thus, early increased expression of neutrophil degranulation genes indicated worse clinical outcomes in children with influenza infection, consistent with reports in adult cohorts with influenza, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Novak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Georg Hahn
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark W. Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Simone A. Thair
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Margaret M. Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter M. Mourani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keiko M. Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Barry Markovitz
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott L. Weiss
- Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware, Critical Care Medicine, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Renee Higgerson
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, St. David’s Children’s Hospital, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Adam J. Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Neethi P. Pinto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Neal J. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rainer G. Gedeit
- Pediatric Critical Care, Milwaukee Hospital-Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ronald C. Sanders
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital & Medical Center Omaha, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bria M. Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Natalie Z. Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Kate G. Ackerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester/UR Medicine Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David W. Tellez
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Patrick McQuillen
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen C. Kurachek
- Department of Critical Care, Children’s Specialty Center, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steven L. Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Díaz A, D’Attilio L, Penas F, Bongiovanni B, Massa E, Cevey A, Santucci N, Bottasso O, Goren N, Bay ML. Studies on the contribution of PPAR Gamma to tuberculosis physiopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1067464. [PMID: 37187471 PMCID: PMC10178487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem characterized by an immuno-endocrine imbalance: elevated plasma levels of cortisol and pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as reduced levels of dehydroepiandrosterone. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is captured by pulmonary macrophages (Mf), whose activation is necessary to cope with the control of Mtb, however, excessive activation of the inflammatory response also leads to tissue damage. Glucocorticoids (GC) are critical elements to counteract the immunoinflammatory reaction, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are also involved in this regard. The primary forms of these receptors are PPARϒ, PPARα, and PPARβ/δ, the former being the most involved in anti-inflammatory responses. In this work, we seek to gain some insight into the contribution of PPARϒ in immuno-endocrine-metabolic interactions by focusing on clinical studies in pulmonary TB patients and in vitro experiments on a Mf cell line. Methods and results We found that TB patients, at the time of diagnosis, showed increased expression of the PPARϒ transcript in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells, positively associated with circulating cortisol and related to disease severity. Given this background, we investigated the expression of PPARϒ (RT-qPCR) in radiation-killed Mtb-stimulated human Mf. The Mtb stimulation of Mf derived from the human line THP1 significantly increased the expression of PPARϒ, while the activation of this receptor by a specific agonist decreased the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10). As expected, the addition of GC to stimulated cultures reduced IL-1β production, while cortisol treatment together with the PPARϒ agonist lowered the levels of this proinflammatory cytokine in stimulated cultures. The addition of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, only reversed the inhibition produced by the addition of GC. Conclusion The current results provide a stimulating background for further analysis of the interconnection between PPARs and steroid hormones in the context of Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano D’Attilio
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Massa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Agata Cevey
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Luisa Bay,
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Artika IM, Dewi YP, Nainggolan IM, Siregar JE, Antonjaya U. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Current Techniques, Applications, and Role in COVID-19 Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122387. [PMID: 36553654 PMCID: PMC9778061 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 cases using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method reflects the power and usefulness of this technique. Real-time PCR is a variation of the PCR assay to allow monitoring of the PCR progress in actual time. PCR itself is a molecular process used to enzymatically synthesize copies in multiple amounts of a selected DNA region for various purposes. Real-time PCR is currently one of the most powerful molecular approaches and is widely used in biological sciences and medicine because it is quantitative, accurate, sensitive, and rapid. Current applications of real-time PCR include gene expression analysis, mutation detection, detection and quantification of pathogens, detection of genetically modified organisms, detection of allergens, monitoring of microbial degradation, species identification, and determination of parasite fitness. The technique has been used as a gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Modifications of the standard real-time PCR methods have also been developed for particular applications. This review aims to provide an overview of the current applications of the real-time PCR technique, including its role in detecting emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Artika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yora Permata Dewi
- Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jalan Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ita Margaretha Nainggolan
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Josephine Elizabeth Siregar
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ungke Antonjaya
- Eijkman Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jalan Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Gallucci G, Díaz A, Fernandez RDV, Bongiovanni B, Imhoff M, Massa E, Santucci N, Bértola D, Lioi S, Bay ML, Bottasso O, D'Attilio L. Differential expression of genes regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor pathway in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Life Sci 2022; 301:120614. [PMID: 35526591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies in TB patients showed an immuno-endocrine imbalance characterized by a disease-severity associated increase in plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids (GCs). To analyze the potential immunomodulatory effect of circulating GCs over peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TB patients, we investigated the expression of positively (anti-inflammatory-related genes ANXA1; FKBP51; GILZ, NFKBIA, and NFKBIB) and negatively (inflammatory genes: IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) Glucocorticoids Receptors (GR)-regulated genes. Plasma concentrations of cytokines and hormones, together with specific lymphoproliferation were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR, specific lymphoproliferation by 3H-thymidine incorporation, whereas plasma cytokines and hormones levels by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Transcripts of ANXA1, GILZ, NFKBIB, and NFKBIA appeared significantly increased in patients, whereas FKBP51, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB remained unchanged. Upon analyzing according to disease severity, mRNA levels for ANXA1 and NFKBIB were even higher in moderate and severe patients. GILZ was increased in moderate cases, with NFKBIA and IL-1 β being higher in severe ones, who also displayed increased GRβ transcripts. TB patients had reduced plasma DHEA concentrations together with increased pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10) cortisol and cortisol/DHEA ratio, more evident in progressive cases, in whom their PBMC also showed a decreased mycobacterial-driven proliferation. The cortisol/DHEA ratio and GRα expression were positively correlated with GR-regulated genes mainly in moderate patients. SIGNIFICANCE The increased expression of cortisol-regulated anti-inflammatory genes in TB patients-PBMC, predominantly in progressive disease, seems compatible with a relatively insufficient attempt to downregulate the accompanying inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gallucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matilde Imhoff
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Massa
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Bértola
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Lioi
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano D'Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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7
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Gallucci G, Santucci N, Díaz A, Bongiovanni B, Bértola D, Gardeñez W, Rassetto M, Bay ML, Bottasso O, D’Attilio L. Increased levels of circulating LPS during Tuberculosis prevails in patients with advanced pulmonary involvement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257214. [PMID: 34506568 PMCID: PMC8432878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier studies in tuberculosis (TB) patients indicate that in those where the process evolves to a larger pulmonary involvement, the immune endocrine response may promote an unfavorable environment. Chronic infectious diseases, and their persistent proinflammatory response, may affect mucosal barriers integrity favoring the translocation of gastrointestinal bacteria, leading to an increase of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Consequently, we quantified LPS levels in TB patients, with different degrees of pulmonary involvement, and controls (Co) and analyzed the possible relationship between LPS and inflammatory mediators i.e., C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), steroid hormones (Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA), and inflammatory transcripts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ). LPS was assessed by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and the ELISA technique was used to quantify hormones and cytokines in the plasma samples. Cytokine transcripts from PBMC were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Non-parametric tests were used. LPS levels were increased in TB patients, as did levels of CRP, IL-6, IFN-γ, cortisol and ESR. Severe patients had the highest amounts of circulating LPS; with moderate and severe cases showing much higher levels of CRP, ESR, IL-6, IFN-γ and cortisol/DHEA ratio, as an endocrine imbalance. Only in PBMC from severe cases was mRNA for IL-1β increased. Correlation analysis showed that levels of LPS from severe patients were positively associated with IL-6 and IFN-γ plasma concentrations and with IL-1β transcripts, while IL-6 had a positive correlation with the cortisol/DHEA ratio. The higher levels of circulating LPS during progressive TB may emerge as a contributing factor for the persistence of the greater immune endocrine imbalance distinctive of advanced disease, which might suggest a vicious cycle among LPS, inflammation and endocrine imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gallucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Bértola
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Walter Gardeñez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Rassetto
- Centro de investigación y biotecnología (CIBIO) Wiener Lab, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciano D’Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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8
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Implication of Pseudo Reference Genes in Normalization of Data from Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR. Gene 2020; 757:144948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Ling KM, Garratt LW, Gill EE, Lee AHY, Agudelo-Romero P, Sutanto EN, Iosifidis T, Rosenow T, Turvey SE, Lassmann T, Hancock REW, Kicic A, Stick SM. Rhinovirus Infection Drives Complex Host Airway Molecular Responses in Children With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1327. [PMID: 32765492 PMCID: PMC7378398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life viral infections are responsible for pulmonary exacerbations that can contribute to disease progression in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common respiratory viruses detected in the CF airway are human rhinoviruses (RV), and augmented airway inflammation in CF has been attributed to dysregulated airway epithelial responses although evidence has been conflicting. Here, we exposed airway epithelial cells from children with and without CF to RV in vitro. Using RNA-Seq, we profiled the transcriptomic differences of CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells at baseline and in response to RV. There were only modest differences between CF and non-CF cells at baseline. In response to RV, there were 1,442 and 896 differentially expressed genes in CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells, respectively. The core antiviral responses in CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells were mediated through interferon signaling although type 1 and 3 interferon signaling, when measured, were reduced in CF airway epithelial cells following viral challenge consistent with previous reports. The transcriptional responses in CF airway epithelial cells were more complex than in non-CF airway epithelial cells with diverse over-represented biological pathways, such as cytokine signaling and metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Network analysis highlighted that the differentially expressed genes of CF airway epithelial cells' transcriptional responses were highly interconnected and formed a more complex network than observed in non-CF airway epithelial cells. We corroborate observations in fully differentiated air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures, identifying genes involved in IL-1 signaling and mucin glycosylation that are only dysregulated in the CF airway epithelial response to RV infection. These data provide novel insights into the CF airway epithelial cells' responses to RV infection and highlight potential pathways that could be targeted to improve antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kak-Ming Ling
- Paediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erin E Gill
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Lee
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tim Rosenow
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Respiratory Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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10
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Iosifidis T, Sutanto EN, Buckley AG, Coleman L, Gill EE, Lee AH, Ling KM, Hillas J, Looi K, Garratt LW, Martinovich KM, Shaw NC, Montgomery ST, Kicic-Starcevich E, Karpievitch YV, Le Souëf P, Laing IA, Vijayasekaran S, Lannigan FJ, Rigby PJ, Hancock RE, Knight DA, Stick SM, Kicic A. Aberrant cell migration contributes to defective airway epithelial repair in childhood wheeze. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133125. [PMID: 32208383 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal wound repair has been observed in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Therapies focusing on repairing vulnerable airways, particularly in early life, present a potentially novel treatment strategy. We report defective lower airway epithelial cell repair to strongly associate with common pre-school-aged and school-aged wheezing phenotypes, characterized by aberrant migration patterns and reduced integrin α5β1 expression. Next generation sequencing identified the PI3K/Akt pathway as the top upstream transcriptional regulator of integrin α5β1, where Akt activation enhanced repair and integrin α5β1 expression in primary cultures from children with wheeze. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling in primary cultures from children without wheeze reduced α5β1 expression and attenuated repair. Importantly, the FDA-approved drug celecoxib - and its non-COX2-inhibiting analogue, dimethyl-celecoxib - stimulated the PI3K/Akt-integrin α5β1 axis and restored airway epithelial repair in cells from children with wheeze. When compared with published clinical data sets, the identified transcriptomic signature was also associated with viral-induced wheeze exacerbations highlighting the clinical potential of such therapy. Collectively, these results identify airway epithelial restitution via targeting the PI3K-integrin α5β1 axis as a potentially novel therapeutic avenue for childhood wheeze and asthma. We propose that the next step in the therapeutic development process should be a proof-of-concept clinical trial, since relevant animal models to test the crucial underlying premise are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Iosifidis
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alysia G Buckley
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laura Coleman
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin E Gill
- Center for Microbial Diseases Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy H Lee
- Center for Microbial Diseases Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Hillas
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelly M Martinovich
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole C Shaw
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel T Montgomery
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Yuliya V Karpievitch
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Le Souëf
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Francis J Lannigan
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Rigby
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Ew Hancock
- Center for Microbial Diseases Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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11
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Fernández RDV, Díaz A, Bongiovanni B, Gallucci G, Bértola D, Gardeñez W, Lioi S, Bertolin Y, Galliano R, Bay ML, Bottasso O, D'Attilio L. Evidence for a More Disrupted Immune-Endocrine Relation and Cortisol Immunologic Influences in the Context of Tuberculosis and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:126. [PMID: 32265833 PMCID: PMC7099637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major health problem worldwide, further aggravated by the convergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) which constitutes an important risk factor for TB development. The worse scenario of patients with PTB and DM may be partly related to a more unbalanced defensive response. As such, newly diagnosed PTB patients with DM (TB+DM, n = 11) or not (TB, n = 21), as well as DM (n = 18) patients and pair matched controls (Co, n = 22), were investigated for the circulating immuno-endocrine-metabolic profile (ELISA), along with studies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) analyzing transcript expression (RT-qPCR) of mediators involved in glucocorticoid functionality. Given the hyperglycemic/hypercortisolemic scenario of TB+DM patients, PBMC were also exposed to stress-related cortisol concentrations (0.1 and 1 μM) and supraphysiologic glucose doses (10, 20, and 40 mM) and assessed for the specific response against Mtb stimulation (lymphoproliferation, -thymidine incorporation-, and cytokine production -bead-cytometry). All TB patients displayed increased plasma amounts of cortisol, growth hormone -hGH-, and proinflammatory mediators. In turn, TB+DM showed even higher levels of interferon gamma -IFN-γ- and hGH (vs. TB), or IL-6, C reactive protein, cortisol and hGH (vs. DM). Both DM groups had equally augmented values of IL-10. All TB patients showed decreased dehydroepiandrosterone- sulfate concentrations, even more in TB+DM cases. Leptin was also decreased in both TB cases, particularly in the TB group, revealing a lower body mass index, as well. Unlike PBMC from TB cases showing a decreased relationship between the glucocorticoids receptor (GR) isoforms (GRα/GRβ; functional isoform/negative isoform), cells from TB+DM patients had no changes in this regard, along with an increased expression of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1, the enzyme facilitating intracellular cortisone to cortisol conversion. TB+DM patients also showed an increased Mtb antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. Compared to TB, DM and HCo counterparts, PBMC from TB+DM patients had a biased Th1 response to Mtb stimulation (increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production), even when exposed to inhibitory cortisol doses. TB+DM patients show a more unbalanced immuno-endocrine relationship, respect the non-diabetic counterparts, with a relative deficiency of cortisol immunomodulatory influences, despite their more favorable microenvironment for cortisol-mediated immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío D. V. Fernández
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gallucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Bértola
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Walter Gardeñez
- Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Susana Lioi
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Yésica Bertolin
- Servicio de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Romina Galliano
- Servicio de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María L. Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano D'Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
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12
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McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Reyne N, McIntyre C, Finnie J, Craig F, Rout-Pitt N, Delhove J, Schjenken JE, Chan HY, Boog B, Knight E, Gilmore RC, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Phenotypic Characterization and Comparison of Cystic Fibrosis Rat Models Generated Using CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:977-993. [PMID: 32084371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of cystic fibrosis (CF) are essential for investigating disease mechanisms and trialing potential therapeutics. This study generated two CF rat models using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 gene editing. One rat model carries the common human Phe508del (ΔF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation, whereas the second is a CFTR knockout model. Phenotype was characterized using a range of functional and histologic assessments, including nasal potential difference to measure electrophysiological function in the upper airways, RNAscope in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR to assess CFTR mRNA expression in the lungs, immunohistochemistry to localize CFTR protein in the airways, and histopathologic assessments in a range of tissues. Both rat models revealed a range of CF manifestations, including reduced survival, intestinal obstruction, bioelectric defects in the nasal epithelium, histopathologic changes in the trachea, large intestine, and pancreas, and abnormalities in the development of the male reproductive tract. The CF rat models presented herein will prove useful for longitudinal assessments of pathophysiology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chantelle McIntyre
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Division of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Craig
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Juliette Delhove
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hon Y Chan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernadette Boog
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Knight
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David Parsons
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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13
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Effects of Gnathostoma spinigerum infective stage larva excretory-secretory products on NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture: focused on expressions of IFN-γ and killer cell lectin-like receptors. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1011-1021. [PMID: 31932913 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human gnathostomiasis is mainly caused by third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (G. spinigerum L3). Excretory-secretory products (ES) released from infective helminthic larvae are associated with larval migration and host immunity modulation. Natural killer (NK) cells have important immune functions against helminth infection. Currently, the effects of ES from G. spinigerum L3 (G. spinigerum ES) on NK cell activity are unclear. This study investigated whether G. spinigerum ES affected human NK cells. Human normal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were used to mimic immune cells within the circulation. PBMC were co-cultured with G. spinigerum ES (0.01-0.05 μg/ml) for 5 or 7 days. Levels of IFN-γ in cultured supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of mRNA encoding NK cell receptors, especially the C type killer cell lectin-like family (KLR; NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKG2D) and IFN-γ in ES induced PBMC were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). ES induced PBMC markedly decreased the levels of IFN-γ and increased the expressions of NKG2A and NKG2D on NK cells. In conclusion, low amounts of G. spinigerum ES modulated NK cells by downregulating the transcription of IFN-γ and upregulating the expressions of KLR (NKG2A and NKG2D receptors) during the 7-day observation period. These findings indicate more in-depth studies of NK cell function are required to better understand the mechanism involved in immune evasive strategies of human gnathostomiasis.
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14
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Schmelzer E, Miceli V, Chinnici CM, Bertani A, Gerlach JC. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Coculture on Human Lung Small Airway Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9847579. [PMID: 32309444 PMCID: PMC7149353 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9847579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles have been used effectively in different lung disease animal models and clinical trials. Their specific beneficial effects, the potential differences between MSCs derived from different organs, and interactions between MSC products and target cells still need to be studied further. Therefore, we investigated the effects of secreted products of human MSCs derived from the bone marrow and adipose tissue on human lung small airway epithelial (AE) cells in vitro. AE cells were cocultured with MSCs in inserts that allowed the free exchange of medium but did not allow direct cell-to-cell contact. We examined the effects on AE cell viability, proliferation, cell numbers, expression of AE cell-specific genes, and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1)) surface positivity, as well as the secretion/uptake of growth factors relevant for AE cell. We found that coculture increased the viability of AE cells. The majority of AE cells expressed CD54 on their surface, but the percentage of cells being positive for CD54 did not increase in coculture. However, ICAM1 gene expression was increased in coculture. Also, we observed increased gene expression of mucin (MUC1), a lung-enriched cell surface glycoprotein. These observed effects were the same between bone marrow and adipose tissue MSCs. However, MSCs derived from adipose tissue reduced angiopoietin concentrations in coculture, whereas those from the bone marrow did not. Conclusively, MSCs influenced AE cells positively by increasing their viability and affecting gene expression, with some effects being specific for the tissue origin of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schmelzer
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vitale Miceli
- 2Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, UPMC Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Maria Chinnici
- 3Fondazione Ri.MED, Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Technologies Unit, UPMC Italy, Palermo, Italy
- 4Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS-ISMETT Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertani
- 5Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT Palermo, Italy
| | - Jörg C. Gerlach
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- 6Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Reimann E, Abram K, Kõks S, Kingo K, Fazeli A. Identification of an optimal method for extracting RNA from human skin biopsy, using domestic pig as a model system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20111. [PMID: 31882887 PMCID: PMC6934780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate skin tissue gene expression patterns correctly, extracting sufficient quantities of good quality RNA is essential. However, RNA extraction from skin tissue is challenging, as the hyaluronic acid-collagen matrix is extremely difficult to homogenize. Although there are multiple ways to extract RNA from skin, there are no comparative studies that identify the most critical steps, e.g. sample collection, storage and homogenization. We analysed the various steps involved in RNA extraction (i.e. biopsy collection as dry biopsy or into nucleotide stabilizing reagents, different storage conditions, enzymatic digestion, stator-rotor and bead motion-based homogenizing combined with column-based RNA purification). We hypothesised that domestic pig skin is applicable as a model for human skin studies. Altogether twenty different workflows were tested on pig skin and the four most promising workflows were tested on human skin samples. The optimal strategy for extracting human skin RNA was to collect, store and homogenize the sample in RLT lysis buffer from the RNeasy Fibrous Tissue Kit combined with beta-mercaptoethanol. Both stator-rotor and bead motion-based homogenizing were found to result in high quality and quantity of extracted RNA. Our results confirmed that domestic pig skin can be successfully used as a model for human skin RNA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ene Reimann
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristi Abram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150, Australia.,The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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16
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Zappia CD, Soto A, Granja‐Galeano G, Fenoy I, Fernandez N, Davio CA, Shayo C, Fitzsimons CP, Goldman A, Monczor F. Azelastine potentiates antiasthmatic dexamethasone effect on a murine asthma model. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00531. [PMID: 31687162 PMCID: PMC6818730 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most effective drugs to treat asthma. However, the severe adverse effects associated generate the need for its therapeutic optimization. Conversely, though histamine is undoubtedly related to asthma development, there is a lack of efficacy of antihistamines in controlling its symptoms, which prevents their clinical application. We have reported that antihistamines potentiate glucocorticoids' responses in vitro and recent observations have indicated that the coadministration of an antihistamine and a synthetic glucocorticoid has synergistic effects on a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Here, the aim of this work is to establish if this therapeutic combination could be beneficial in a murine model of asthma. We used an allergen-induced model of asthma (employing ovalbumin) to evaluate the effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone combined with the antihistamine azelastine. Our results indicate that the cotreatment with azelastine and a suboptimal dose of dexamethasone can improve allergic lung inflammation as shown by a decrease in eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage, fewer peribronchial and perivascular infiltrates, and mucin-producing cells. In addition, serum levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 were also reduced, as well as the expression of lung inflammatory-related genes IL-4, IL-5, Muc5AC, and Arginase I. The potentiation of dexamethasone effects by azelastine could allow to reduce the effective glucocorticoid dose needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. These findings provide first new insights into the potential benefits of glucocorticoids and antihistamines combination for the treatment of asthma and grants further research to evaluate this approach in other related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Zappia
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ariadna Soto
- Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CESyMA)Escuela de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de San Martín – CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gina Granja‐Galeano
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ignacio Fenoy
- Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CESyMA)Escuela de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de San Martín – CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos A. Davio
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carina Shayo
- Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología MolecularInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Center for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Goldman
- Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CESyMA)Escuela de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de San Martín – CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Federico Monczor
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA)CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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17
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Lack of GAS2L2 Causes PCD by Impairing Cilia Orientation and Mucociliary Clearance. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:229-245. [PMID: 30665704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder in which impaired ciliary function leads to chronic airway disease. Exome sequencing of a PCD subject identified an apparent homozygous frameshift variant, c.887_890delTAAG (p.Val296Glyfs∗13), in exon 5; this frameshift introduces a stop codon in amino acid 308 of the growth arrest-specific protein 2-like 2 (GAS2L2). Further genetic screening of unrelated PCD subjects identified a second proband with a compound heterozygous variant carrying the identical frameshift variant and a large deletion (c.867_∗343+1207del; p.?) starting in exon 5. Both individuals had clinical features of PCD but normal ciliary axoneme structure. In this research, using human nasal cells, mouse models, and X.laevis embryos, we show that GAS2L2 is abundant at the apical surface of ciliated cells, where it localizes with basal bodies, basal feet, rootlets, and actin filaments. Cultured GAS2L2-deficient nasal epithelial cells from one of the affected individuals showed defects in ciliary orientation and had an asynchronous and hyperkinetic (GAS2L2-deficient = 19.8 Hz versus control = 15.8 Hz) ciliary-beat pattern. These results were recapitulated in Gas2l2-/- mouse tracheal epithelial cell (mTEC) cultures and in X. laevis embryos treated with Gas2l2 morpholinos. In mice, the absence of Gas2l2 caused neonatal death, and the conditional deletion of Gas2l2 impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and led to mucus accumulation. These results show that a pathogenic variant in GAS2L2 causes a genetic defect in ciliary orientation and impairs MCC and results in PCD.
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18
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Inoue H, Hattori T, Zhou X, Etling EB, Modena BD, Trudeau JB, Holguin F, Wenzel SE. Dysfunctional ErbB2, an EGF receptor family member, hinders repair of airway epithelial cells from asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2075-2085.e10. [PMID: 30639343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and genomic data increasingly point to the airway epithelium as critical to asthma pathogenesis. Epithelial growth factor (EGF) family members play a fundamental role in epithelial differentiation, proliferation, and repair. Although expression of erythroblastosis oncogene B2 (ErbB2) mRNA, an EGF family receptor, was reported to be lower in asthmatic patients, little is understood about its functional role. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether decreased ErbB2 activation in freshly isolated human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) from asthmatic patients associated with impaired wound closure in vitro. METHODS An in vitro scratch-wound model of air-liquid interface cultured and freshly isolated HAECs were compared between HAECs from healthy control subjects (HCs) and asthmatic patients in relation to ErbB2. RESULTS Freshly brushed HAECs from asthmatic patients had impaired ErbB2 activation compared with those from HCs. In an in vitro scratch-wound model, HAECs from asthmatic patients showed delayed wound closure compared with HAECs from HCs. Cell proliferation, as assessed based on [3H] thymidine incorporation after wounding, and expression or activation of ErbB2 and cyclin D1 at the leading edge of the wound were lower in HAECs from asthmatic patients and HCs. A selective ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mubritinib, impaired wound closure and decreased cyclin D1 expression in healthy HAECs, with less effect on cells from asthmatic patients, supporting diminished activity in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION These results implicate a primary defect in the ErbB2 pathway as constraining epithelial repair processes in asthmatic patients. Restoration of homeostatic ErbB2 function should be considered a novel asthma therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Inoue
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Division of Pulmonary and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hattori
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Emily B Etling
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Brian D Modena
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Health, San Diego, Calif
| | - John B Trudeau
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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19
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Larouche M, Gagné-Ouellet V, Boucher-Lafleur AM, Larose MC, Plante S, Madore AM, Laviolette M, Flamand N, Chakir J, Laprise C. Methylation profiles of IL33 and CCL26 in bronchial epithelial cells are associated with asthma. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1555-1568. [PMID: 30468398 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to characterize DNA methylation (DNA-me) in promoter region of IL33, IL1RL1 and CCL26 in asthma and their impacts on transcriptional activity in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). PATIENTS & METHODS We performed bis-pyrosequencing, quantitative real-time PCR and sequencing in BECs from ten asthmatic and ten control individuals. RESULTS We detected lower DNA-me levels of IL33 and CCL26 in asthmatic than control BECs. No correlation was found between methylation and expression levels. Interestingly, carriers of a mutative allele in a haplotype within the promoter of IL33 had a lower IL33 DNA-me level and CCL26 gene expression correlated with eosinophil count. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of investigating both epigenetic and genetic mechanisms in understanding the epithelial immune response in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Larouche
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Valérie Gagné-Ouellet
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Chantal Larose
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Sophie Plante
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Madore
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jamila Chakir
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada.,Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
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20
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Nino CL, Perez GF, Isaza N, Gutierrez MJ, Gomez JL, Nino G. Characterization of Sex-Based Dna Methylation Signatures in the Airways During Early Life. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5526. [PMID: 29615635 PMCID: PMC5882800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory conditions are largely influenced by the individual’s sex resulting in overall higher risk for males. Sex-based respiratory differences are present at birth suggesting a strong genetic component. Our objective was to characterize early life sex-based genomic signatures determined by variable X-chromosome methylation in the airways. We compared male versus female genome-wide DNA methylation in nasal airway samples from newborns and infants aged 1–6 months (N = 12). We analyzed methylation signals across CpG sites mapped to each X-linked gene using an unsupervised classifier (principal components) followed by an internal evaluation and an exhaustive cross-validation. Results were validated in an independent population of children (N = 72) following the same algorithm. X-linked genes with significant sex-based differential methylation in the nasal airway of infants represented only about 50% of the unique protein coding transcripts. X-linked genes without significant sex-based differential methylation included genes with evidence of escaping X-inactivation and female-biased airway expression. These genes showed similar methylation patterns in males and females suggesting unbalanced X-chromosome dosage. In conclusion, we identified that the human airways have already sex-based DNA methylation signatures at birth. These early airway epigenomic marks may determine sex-based respiratory phenotypes and overall predisposition to develop respiratory disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar L Nino
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Geovanny F Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natalia Isaza
- Division of Neonatology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jose L Gomez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New-Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA. .,Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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21
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Looi K, Buckley AG, Rigby PJ, Garratt LW, Iosifidis T, Zosky GR, Larcombe AN, Lannigan FJ, Ling KM, Martinovich KM, Kicic-Starcevich E, Shaw NC, Sutanto EN, Knight DA, Kicic A, Stick SM. Effects of human rhinovirus on epithelial barrier integrity and function in children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:513-524. [PMID: 29350877 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial epithelial tight junctions (TJ) have been extensively assessed in healthy airway epithelium. However, no studies have yet assessed the effect of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection on the expression and resultant barrier function in epithelial tight junctions (TJ) in childhood asthma. OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of HRV infection on airway epithelial TJ expression and barrier function in airway epithelial cells (AECs) of children with and without asthma. Furthermore, to test the hypothesis that barrier integrity and function is compromised to a greater extent by HRV in AECs from asthmatic children. METHODS Primary AECs were obtained from children with and without asthma, differentiated into air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures and infected with rhinovirus. Expression of claudin-1, occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) was assessed via qPCR, immunocytochemistry (ICC), in-cell western (ICW) and confocal microscopy. Barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER; RT ) and permeability to fluorescent dextran. RESULTS Basal TJ gene expression of claudin-1 and occludin was significantly upregulated in asthmatic children compared to non-asthmatics; however, no difference was seen with ZO-1. Interestingly, claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 protein expression was significantly reduced in AEC of asthmatic children compared to non-asthmatic controls suggesting possible post-transcriptional inherent differences. HRV infection resulted in a transient dissociation of TJ and airway barrier integrity in non-asthmatic children. Although similar dissociation of TJ was observed in asthmatic children, a significant and sustained reduction in TJ expression concurrent with both a significant decrease in TER and an increase in permeability in asthmatic children was observed. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates novel intrinsic differences in TJ gene and protein expression between AEC of children with and without asthma. Furthermore, it correlates directly the relationship between HRV infection and the resultant dissociation of epithelial TJ that causes a continued altered barrier function in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Looi
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - A G Buckley
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - P J Rigby
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - L W Garratt
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - T Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - G R Zosky
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hohart, TAS, Australia
| | - A N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - F J Lannigan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - K-M Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - K M Martinovich
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - E Kicic-Starcevich
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - N C Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - E N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
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22
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Martinovich KM, Iosifidis T, Buckley AG, Looi K, Ling KM, Sutanto EN, Kicic-Starcevich E, Garratt LW, Shaw NC, Montgomery S, Lannigan FJ, Knight DA, Kicic A, Stick SM. Conditionally reprogrammed primary airway epithelial cells maintain morphology, lineage and disease specific functional characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17971. [PMID: 29269735 PMCID: PMC5740081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current limitations to primary cell expansion led us to test whether airway epithelial cells derived from healthy children and those with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), co-cultured with an irradiated fibroblast feeder cell in F-medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor could maintain their lineage during expansion and whether this is influenced by underlying disease status. Here, we show that conditionally reprogrammed airway epithelial cells (CRAECs) can be established from both healthy and diseased phenotypes. CRAECs can be expanded, cryopreserved and maintain phenotypes over at least 5 passages. Population doublings of CRAEC cultures were significantly greater than standard cultures, but maintained their lineage characteristics. CRAECs from all phenotypes were also capable of fully differentiating at air-liquid interface (ALI) and maintained disease specific characteristics including; defective CFTR channel function cultures and the inability to repair wounds. Our findings indicate that CRAECs derived from children maintain lineage, phenotypic and importantly disease-specific functional characteristics over a specified passage range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Martinovich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alysia G Buckley
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole C Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Montgomery
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francis J Lannigan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Huff RD, Hsu ACY, Nichol KS, Jones B, Knight DA, Wark PAB, Hansbro PM, Hirota JA. Regulation of xanthine dehydrogensase gene expression and uric acid production in human airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184260. [PMID: 28863172 PMCID: PMC5580912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The airway epithelium is a physical and immunological barrier that protects the pulmonary system from inhaled environmental insults. Uric acid has been detected in the respiratory tract and can function as an antioxidant or damage associated molecular pattern. We have demonstrated that human airway epithelial cells are a source of uric acid. Our hypothesis is that uric acid production by airway epithelial cells is induced by environmental stimuli associated with chronic respiratory diseases. We therefore examined how airway epithelial cells regulate uric acid production. Materials and methods Allergen and cigarette smoke mouse models were performed using house dust mite (HDM) and cigarette smoke exposure, respectively, with outcome measurements of lung uric acid levels. Primary human airway epithelial cells isolated from clinically diagnosed patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were grown in submerged cultures and compared to age-matched healthy controls for uric acid release. HBEC-6KT cells, a human airway epithelial cell line, were grown under submerged monolayer conditions for mechanistic and gene expression studies. Results HDM, but not cigarette smoke exposure, stimulated uric acid production in vivo and in vitro. Primary human airway epithelial cells from asthma, but not COPD patients, displayed elevated levels of extracellular uric acid in culture. In HBEC-6KT, production of uric acid was sensitive to the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) inhibitor, allopurinol, and the ATP Binding Cassette C4 (ABCC4) inhibitor, MK-571. Lastly, the pro-inflammatory cytokine combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ elevated extracellular uric acid levels and XDH gene expression in HBEC-6KT cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that the active production of uric acid from human airway epithelial cells may be intrinsically altered in asthma and be further induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Huff
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Díaz A, Bongiovanni B, D’Attilio L, Santucci N, Dídoli G, Fernández RDV, Kovalevski L, Lioi S, Gardeñez W, Brandan N, Nannini LJ, Besedovsky H, del Rey A, Bottasso O, Bay ML. The clinical recovery of tuberculosis patients undergoing specific treatment is associated with changes in the immune and neuroendocrine responses. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:4033034. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciano D’Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Griselda Dídoli
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rocío del Valle Fernández
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Leandro Kovalevski
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Estadística, UNR, Escuela de Estadística, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Lioi
- Laboratorio Central Rosario, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Walter Gardeñez
- Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nadia Brandan
- Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Escuela Eva Perón, 2152 Granadero Baigorria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis J Nannini
- Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Escuela Eva Perón, 2152 Granadero Baigorria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo Besedovsky
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University, Faculty of Medicine, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Adriana del Rey
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University, Faculty of Medicine, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Chen IH, Wang JH, Chou SJ, Wu YH, Li TH, Leu MY, Chang WB, Yang WC. Selection of reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in blood of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). PeerJ 2016; 4:e1810. [PMID: 26998411 PMCID: PMC4797766 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is used for research in gene expression, and it is vital to choose appropriate housekeeping genes (HKGs) as reference genes to obtain correct results. The purpose of this study is to determine stably expressed HKGs in blood of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) that can be the appropriate reference genes in relative quantification in gene expression research. Sixty blood samples were taken from four beluga whales. Thirteen candidate HKGs (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, LDHB, PGK1, RPL4, RPL8, RPL18, RPS9, RPS18, TFRC, YWHAZ) were tested using RT-qPCR. The stability values of the HKGs were determined by four different algorithms. Comprehensive analysis of the results revealed that RPL4, PGK1 and ACTB are strongly recommended for use in future RT-qPCR studies in beluga blood samples. This research provides recommendation of reference gene selection, which may contribute to further mRNA relative quantification research in the peripheral blood leukocytes in captive cetaceans. The gene expression assessment of the immune components in blood have the potential to serve as an important approach to evaluating cetacean health influenced by environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Jen Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeong-Huey Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Hsien Li
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium , Pingtung , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yih Leu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Been Chang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium , Pingtung , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Cheng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Zhang X, Xu ZC, Xu J, Ji AJ, Luo HM, Song JY, Sun C, Hu YL, Chen SL. Selection and validation of reference genes for normalization of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fuling). Chin Med 2016; 11:8. [PMID: 26937250 PMCID: PMC4774131 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) requires a stable internal control to avoid misinterpretation of data or errors for gene expression normalization. However, there are still no validated reference genes for stable internal control in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fuling). This study aims to validate the reference genes of P. cocos. Methods This study firstly collected the 14 candidate reference genes by BLASTP from the genome of P. cocos for qRT-PCR analysis to determine the expression levels of 14 housekeeping genes (GAPDH, MAPK, β-Act, RPB2, RPB1-1, RPB1-2, his3-1, his3-2, APT, SAMDC, RP, β-Tub, EIF, and CYP) under different temperatures and in response to different plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid), and the threshold cycle (Ct) values. The results were analyzed by four programs (i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) for evaluating the candidate reference genes. Results SAMDC, his3-2, RP, RPB2, and his3-1 were recommended as reference genes for treating P. cocos with indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid, respectively. Under different temperatures RPB2 was the most stable reference gene. CYP was the most stable gene for all 90 samples by RefFinder. Conclusion SAMDC, his3-2, RP, RPB2, and his3-1 were evaluated to be suitable reference genes for P. cocos following different treatments. RPB2 was the most stable reference gene under different temperatures and CYP was the most stable gene in the mycelia under all six evaluated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ai-Jia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hong-Mei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jing-Yuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ; Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, 408435 China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yuan-Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Shi-Lin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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27
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Zhou J, Wang W, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Xu W, Wang Y, Guan Z. Proteomics-Based Identification and Analysis of Proteins Associated with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146521. [PMID: 26745502 PMCID: PMC4706351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that causes the most common chronic infection in the human stomach. Approximately 1%-3% of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms by which H. pylori induces gastric cancer are not completely understood. The available evidence indicates a strong link between the virulence factor of H. pylori, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), and gastric cancer. To further characterize H. pylori virulence, we established three cell lines by infecting the gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and AGS with cagA+H. pylori and transfecting SGC-7901 with a vector carrying the full-length cagA gene. We detected 135 differently expressed proteins from the three cell lines using proteome technology, and 10 differential proteins common to the three cell lines were selected and identified by LC-MS/MS as well as verified by western blot: β-actin, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 homolog (PRPF19), ATP synthase, calmodulin (CaM), p64 CLCP, Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP), P43 and calreticulin. Detection of the expression of these proteins and genes encoding these proteins in human gastric cancer tissues by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot revealed that the expression of β-ACTIN, LDH, DLD, PRPF19 and CaM genes were up-regulated and RanGAP was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and/or metastatic lymph nodes compared to peri-cancerous tissues. High gene expression was observed for H. pylori infection in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, the LDH, DLD and CaM genes were demethylated at the promoter -2325, -1885 and -276 sites, respectively, and the RanGAP gene was highly methylated at the promoter -570 and -170 sites in H. pylori-infected and cagA-overexpressing cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis and treatment targets for gastric cancer with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Zhou
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Borowska D, Rothwell L, Bailey RA, Watson K, Kaiser P. Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in cells derived from chicken lymphoid organs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 170:20-4. [PMID: 26872627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a powerful technique for quantification of gene expression, especially genes involved in immune responses. Although qPCR is a very efficient and sensitive tool, variations in the enzymatic efficiency, quality of RNA and the presence of inhibitors can lead to errors. Therefore, qPCR needs to be normalised to obtain reliable results and allow comparison. The most common approach is to use reference genes as internal controls in qPCR analyses. In this study, expression of seven genes, including β-actin (ACTB), β-2-microglobulin (B2M), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-glucuronidase (GUSB), TATA box binding protein (TBP), α-tubulin (TUBAT) and 28S ribosomal RNA (r28S), was determined in cells isolated from chicken lymphoid tissues and stimulated with three different mitogens. The stability of the genes was measured using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. The results from both geNorm and NormFinder were that the three most stably expressed genes in this panel were TBP, GAPDH and r28S. BestKeeper did not generate clear answers because of the highly heterogeneous sample set. Based on these data we will include TBP in future qPCR normalisation. The study shows the importance of appropriate reference gene normalisation in other tissues before qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borowska
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| | - L Rothwell
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - R A Bailey
- Aviagen Ltd., Edinburgh EH28 8SZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Watson
- Aviagen Ltd., Edinburgh EH28 8SZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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29
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Agnelli S, Arriarán S, Oliva L, Remesar X, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M. Modulation of rat liver urea cycle and related ammonium metabolism by sex and cafeteria diet. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver amino acid metabolism decreased with cafeteria diet through lower ammonium production (even lower in females) and urea cycle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Agnelli
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Sofía Arriarán
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Laia Oliva
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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30
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Alves MP, Schögler A, Ebener S, Vielle NJ, Casaulta C, Jung A, Moeller A, Geiser T, Regamey N. Comparison of innate immune responses towards rhinovirus infection of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Respirology 2015; 21:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco P. Alves
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Aline Schögler
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Simone Ebener
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Nathalie J. Vielle
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Carmen Casaulta
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - Andreas Jung
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Children's Hospital Lucerne Lucerne Switzerland
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31
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Mishina K, Shinkai M, Shimokawaji T, Nagashima A, Hashimoto Y, Inoue Y, Inayama Y, Rubin BK, Ishigatsubo Y, Kaneko T. HO-1 inhibits IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia associated with CLCA1 suppression in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:448-453. [PMID: 26507166 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia are common features that characterize asthma. IL-13 increases mucin (MUC) 5AC, the major component of airway mucus, in airway epithelial cells. According to the literature, IL-13 receptor activation leads to STAT6 activation and consequent induction of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) gene expression, associated with the induction of MUC5AC. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of heme to biliverdin, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. We examined the effects of HO-1 on mucin production and goblet cell hyperplasia induced by IL-13. Moreover, we assessed the cell signaling intermediates that appear to be responsible for mucin production. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were grown at air liquid interface (ALI) in the presence or absence of IL-13 and hemin, a HO-1 inducer, for 14 days. Protein concentration was analyzed using ELISA, and mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. Histochemical analysis was performed using HE staining, andWestern blotting was performed to evaluate signaling transduction pathway. Hemin (4 μM) significantly increased HO-1 protein expression (p b 0.01) and HO-1 mRNA expression (p b 0.001). IL-13 significantly increased goblet cells, MUC5AC protein secretion (p b 0.01) and MUC5AC mRNA (p b 0.001), and these were decreased by hemin by way of HO-1. Tin protoporphyrin (SnPP)-IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, blocked the effect of hemin restoring MUC5AC protein secretion (p b 0.05) and goblet cell hyperplasia. Hemin decreased the expression of CLCA1 mRNA (p b 0.05) and it was reversed by SnPP-IX, but could not suppress IL-13-induced phosphorylation of STAT6 or SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) mRNA expression. In summary, HO-1 overexpression suppressed IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia and MUC5AC production, and involvement of CLCA1 in the mechanism was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mishina
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tadasuke Shimokawaji
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akimichi Nagashima
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoriko Inoue
- Respiratory Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Selection of suitable reference genes for normalization of quantitative RT-PCR in peripheral blood samples of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Sci Rep 2015; 5:15425. [PMID: 26486099 PMCID: PMC4614023 DOI: 10.1038/srep15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative RT-PCR is often used as a research tool directed at gene transcription. Selection of optimal housekeeping genes (HKGs) as reference genes is critical to establishing sensitive and reproducible qRT-PCR-based assays. The current study was designed to identify the appropriate reference genes in blood leukocytes of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) for gene transcription research. Seventy-five blood samples collected from 7 bottlenose dolphins were used to analyze 15 candidate HKGs (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, LDHB, PGK1, RPL4, RPL8, RPL18, RPS9, RPS18, TFRC, YWHAZ, LDHA, SDHA). HKG stability in qRT-PCR was determined using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and comparative delta Ct algorithms. Utilization of RefFinder, which combined all 4 algorithms, suggested that PGK1, HPRT1 and RPL4 were the most stable HKGs in bottlenose dolphin blood. Gene transcription perturbations in blood can serve as an indication of health status in cetaceans as it occurs prior to alterations in hematology and chemistry. This study identified HKGs that could be used in gene transcript studies, which may contribute to further mRNA relative quantification research in the peripheral blood leukocytes in captive cetaceans.
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33
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Liang J, Liu L, Cheung M, Lee MP, Wang H, Li CH, Chan CC, Nishiura K, Tang X, Tan Z, Peng J, Cheung KW, Yam WC, Chen Z. Community-Based HIV-1 Early Diagnosis and Risk Behavior Analysis of Men Having Sex with Men in Hong Kong. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125715. [PMID: 25915755 PMCID: PMC4410921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of HIV-1 among men having sex with men (MSM) calls for an investigation of HIV-1 prevalence and incidence in MSM by early diagnosis to assist with early preventive interventions in Hong Kong. The participants were recruited randomly from MSM communities within a one-year period. Rapid HIV Test (RHT) and real-time dried blood spot (DBS)-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (DBS-qPCR) were used for the early diagnosis of 474 participants. Risk behavior analysis was performed by studying information obtained from the participants during the study period. The HIV-1 prevalence and incident rates in the studied MSM population were 4.01% (19/474) and 1.47% (7/474), respectively. Three infected participants were found at the acute phase of infection by DBS-qPCR. Only 46.4% (220/474) MSM were using condoms regularly for anal sex. HIV infection significantly correlated with unprotected receptive anal sex and syphilis infection. An increased number of infections was found among foreign MSM in Hong Kong. This study is the first to use DBS-qPCR to identify acutely infected individuals in a community setting and to provide both the prevalence and incident rates of HIV-1 infection among MSM in Hong Kong. The risk analysis provided evidence that behavior intervention strengthening is necessary to fight against the increasing HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Hong Kong and surrounding regions in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (ZC)
| | - Mandy Cheung
- AIDS Concern, 17B, Block F, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Man-Po Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chun-ho Li
- AIDS Concern, 17B, Block F, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chun-Chung Chan
- AIDS Concern, 17B, Block F, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kenji Nishiura
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xian Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Peng
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ka-Wai Cheung
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (ZC)
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Kim TH, Shin SW, Park JS, Park CS. Genome wide identification and expression profile in epithelial cells exposed to TiO₂ particles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:293-300. [PMID: 24023007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental particles are believed to provoke airway inflammation in susceptible individuals by stimulating epithelial cells to release mediators that exacerbate lung diseases. Here, we sought to identify genes expressed throughout the genome by epithelial cells stimulated with TiO2 particles. A human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, was stimulated with or without 40 µg TiO2 for 2 h. RNA was purified from cells and subjected to microarray analysis. Genes exhibiting more than a twofold change in RNA expression were selected. Candidate genes were then analyzed using bioinformatics tools, including pathway, ontology, and network analyses. ITGAV mRNA expression levels were measured in BEAS-2B cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among 37,803 genes, 92 genes displayed more than a twofold change in mRNA levels according to the microarray analysis; 87 genes were upregulated while five genes were downregulated. The 92 genes were classified based on functional annotation using a protein information resource database search for biological processes and a pathway search using the KEGG pathway database. These genes are related to macromolecule biosynthesis, metabolic processes and, in particular, RNA metabolism. When genes with more than a threefold change were analyzed, KIF11, ITGAV, SEMA3C, IBTK, and DEK were selected as candidate genes induced by TiO2 -stimulated BEAS-2B cells. To validate these results, BEAS-2B cells stimulated with 40 µg TiO2 expressed threefold higher ITGAV mRNA levels compared to those without TiO2 particle stimulation. We conclude that KIF11, ITGAV, SEMA3C, IBTK, and DEK are candidate genes expressed by epithelial cells when stimulated with TiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-020, South Korea
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Xu H, Bionaz M, Sloboda DM, Ehrlich L, Li S, Newnham JP, Dudenhausen JW, Henrich W, Plagemann A, Challis JR, Braun T. The dilution effect and the importance of selecting the right internal control genes for RT-qPCR: a paradigmatic approach in fetal sheep. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:58. [PMID: 25881111 PMCID: PMC4352295 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key to understanding changes in gene expression levels using reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) relies on the ability to rationalize the technique using internal control genes (ICGs). However, the use of ICGs has become increasingly problematic given that any genes, including housekeeping genes, thought to be stable across different tissue types, ages and treatment protocols, can be regulated at transcriptomic level. Our interest in prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) effects on fetal growth has resulted in our investigation of suitable ICGs relevant in this model. The usefulness of RNA18S, ACTB, HPRT1, RPLP0, PPIA and TUBB as ICGs was analyzed according to effects of early dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, gender, and gestational age by two approaches: (1) the classical approach where raw (i.e., not normalized) RT-qPCR data of tested ICGs were statistically analyzed and the best ICG selected based on absence of any significant effect; (2) used of published algorithms. For the latter the geNorm Visual Basic application was mainly used, but data were also analyzed by Normfinder and Bestkeeper. In order to account for confounding effects on the geNorm analysis due to co-regulation among ICGs tested, network analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. The expression of RNA18S, the most abundant transcript, and correlation of ICGs with RNA18S, total RNA, and liver-specific genes were also performed to assess potential dilution effect of raw RT-qPCR data. The effect of the two approaches used to select the best ICG(s) was compared by normalization of NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor) mRNA expression, as an example for a target gene. RESULTS Raw RT-qPCR data of all the tested ICGs was significantly reduced across gestation. TUBB was the only ICG that was affected by DEX treatment. Using approach (1) all tested ICGs would have been rejected because they would initially appear as not reliable for normalization. However, geNorm analysis (approach 2) of the ICGs indicated that the geometrical mean of PPIA, HPRT1, RNA18S and RPLPO can be considered a reliable approach for normalization of target genes in both control and DEX treated groups. Different subset of ICGs were tested for normalization of NR3C1 expression and, despite the overall pattern of the mean was not extremely different, the statistical analysis uncovered a significant influence of the use of different normalization approaches on the expression of the target gene. We observed a decrease of total RNA through gestation, a lower decrease in raw RT-qPCR data of the two rRNA measured compared to ICGs, and a positive correlation between raw RT-qPCR data of ICGs and total RNA. Based on the same amount of total RNA to performed RT-qPCR analysis, those data indicated that other mRNA might have had a large increase in expression and, as consequence, had artificially diluted the stably expressed genes, such as ICGs. This point was demonstrated by a significant negative correlation of raw RT-qPCR data between ICGs and liver-specific genes. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the necessity of assessing multiple ICGs using algorithms in order to obtain a reliable normalization of RT-qPCR data. Our data indicated that the use of the geometrical mean of PPIA, HPRT1, RNA18S and RPLPO can provide a reliable normalization for the proposed study. Furthermore, the dilution effect observed support the unreliability of the classical approach to test ICGs. Finally, the observed change in the composition of RNA species through time reveals the limitation of the use of ICGs to normalize RT-qPCR data, especially if absolute quantification is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaisheng Xu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Loreen Ehrlich
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Shaofu Li
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, and Women and Infants Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, and Women and Infants Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Joachim W Dudenhausen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - John Rg Challis
- Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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López-Landavery EA, Portillo-López A, Gallardo-Escárate C, Del Río-Portilla MA. Selection of reference genes as internal controls for gene expression in tissues of red abalone Haliotis rufescens (Mollusca, Vetigastropoda; Swainson, 1822). Gene 2014; 549:258-65. [PMID: 25101866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The red abalone Haliotis rufescens is one of the most important species for aquaculture in Baja California, México, and despite this, few gene expression studies have been done in tissues such as gill, head and gonad. For this purpose, reverse transcription and quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a powerful tool for gene expression evaluation. For a reliable analysis, however, it is necessary to select and validate housekeeping genes that allow proper transcription quantification. Stability of nine housekeeping genes (ACTB, BGLU, TUBB, CY, GAPDH, HPRTI, RPL5, SDHA and UBC) was evaluated in different tissues of red abalone (gill, head and gonad/digestive gland). Four-fold serial dilutions of cDNA (from 25 ngμL(-1) to 0.39 ngμL(-1)) were used to prepare the standard curve, and it showed gene efficiencies between 0.95 and 0.99, with R(2)=0.99. geNorm and NormFinder analysis showed that RPL5 and CY were the most stable genes considering all tissues, whereas in gill HPRTI and BGLU were most stable. In gonad/digestive gland, RPL5 and TUBB were the most stable genes with geNorm, while SDHA and HPRTI were the best using NormFinder. Similarly, in head the best genes were RPL5 and UBC with geNorm, and GAPDH and CY with NormFinder. The technical variability analysis with RPL5 and abalone gonad/digestive gland tissue indicated a high repeatability with a variation coefficient within groups ≤ 0.56% and between groups ≤ 1.89%. These results will help us for further research in reproduction, thermoregulation and endocrinology in red abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A López-Landavery
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada N° 3918, Zona Playitas C.P 22860, Ensenada BC, Mexico
| | - Amelia Portillo-López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, C.P 22860, Ensenada BC, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P. O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miguel A Del Río-Portilla
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada N° 3918, Zona Playitas C.P 22860, Ensenada BC, Mexico.
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Cai J, Li T, Huang B, Cheng H, Ding H, Dong W, Xiao M, Liu L, Wang Z. The use of laser microdissection in the identification of suitable reference genes for normalization of quantitative real-time PCR in human FFPE epithelial ovarian tissue samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95974. [PMID: 24776823 PMCID: PMC4002476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful and reproducible method of gene expression analysis in which expression levels are quantified by normalization against reference genes. Therefore, to investigate the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for epithelial ovarian cancer by qPCR, it is critical to identify stable reference genes. In this study, twelve housekeeping genes (ACTB, GAPDH, 18S rRNA, GUSB, PPIA, PBGD, PUM1, TBP, HRPT1, RPLP0, RPL13A, and B2M) were analyzed in 50 ovarian samples from normal, benign, borderline, and malignant tissues. For reliable results, laser microdissection (LMD), an effective technique used to prepare homogeneous starting material, was utilized to precisely excise target tissues or cells. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used to compare the expression differences. NormFinder and geNorm software were employed to further validate the suitability and stability of the candidate genes. Results showed that epithelial cells occupied a small percentage of the normal ovary indeed. The expression of ACTB, PPIA, RPL13A, RPLP0, and TBP were stable independent of the disease progression. In addition, NormFinder and geNorm identified the most stable combination (ACTB, PPIA, RPLP0, and TBP) and the relatively unstable reference gene GAPDH from the twelve commonly used housekeeping genes. Our results highlight the use of homogeneous ovarian tissues and multiple-reference normalization strategy, e.g. the combination of ACTB, PPIA, RPLP0, and TBP, for qPCR in epithelial ovarian tissues, whereas GAPDH, the most commonly used reference gene, is not recommended, especially as a single reference gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bangxing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Henghui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Aminuddin F, Hackett TL, Stefanowicz D, Saferali A, Paré PD, Gulsvik A, Bakke P, Cho MH, Litonjua A, Lomas DA, Anderson WH, Beaty TH, Silverman EK, Sandford AJ. Nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms, gene expression and lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:64. [PMID: 24192154 PMCID: PMC3827989 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the pleiotropic effects of nitric oxide (NO) within the lungs, it is likely that NO is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to test for association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three NO synthase (NOS) genes and lung function, as well as to examine gene expression and protein levels in relation to the genetic variation. Methods One SNP in each NOS gene (neuronal NOS (NOS1), inducible NOS (NOS2), and endothelial NOS (NOS3)) was genotyped in the Lung Health Study (LHS) and correlated with lung function. One SNP (rs1800779) was also analyzed for association with COPD and lung function in four COPD case–control populations. Lung tissue expression of NOS3 mRNA and protein was tested in individuals of known genotype for rs1800779. Immunohistochemistry of lung tissue was used to localize NOS3 expression. Results For the NOS3 rs1800779 SNP, the baseline forced expiratory volume in one second in the LHS was significantly higher in the combined AG + GG genotypic groups compared with the AA genotypic group. Gene expression and protein levels in lung tissue were significantly lower in subjects with the AG + GG genotypes than in AA subjects. NOS3 protein was expressed in the airway epithelium and subjects with the AA genotype demonstrated higher NOS3 expression compared with AG and GG individuals. However, we were not able to replicate the associations with COPD or lung function in the other COPD study groups. Conclusions Variants in the NOS genes were not associated with lung function or COPD status. However, the G allele of rs1800779 resulted in a decrease of NOS3 gene expression and protein levels and this has implications for the numerous disease states that have been associated with this polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Sandford
- The University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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Bochkov YA, Busse WW, Brockman-Schneider RA, Evans MD, Jarjour NN, McCrae C, Miller-Larsson A, Gern JE. Budesonide and formoterol effects on rhinovirus replication and epithelial cell cytokine responses. Respir Res 2013; 14:98. [PMID: 24219422 PMCID: PMC3851834 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combination therapy with budesonide and formoterol reduces exacerbations of asthma, which are closely associated with human rhinovirus (RV) infections in both children and adults. These data suggest that budesonide and formoterol inhibit virus-induced inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells. Methods To test this hypothesis, bronchial epithelial (BE) cells were obtained from airway brushings of 8 subjects with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma and 9 with neither asthma nor respiratory allergies. Cultured BE cells were incubated for 24 hours with budesonide (1.77 μM), formoterol (0.1 μM), both, or neither, and then inoculated with RV-16 (5×106 plaque forming units [PFU]/mL). After 24 hours, viral replication (RV RNA), cytokine secretion (CXCL8, CXCL10, TNFα, IFN-β, IL-28) and mRNA expression (CXCL8, CXCL10, TNF, IFNB1, IL28A&B) were analyzed. Results RV infection induced CXCL10 protein secretion and IFNB1 and IL28 mRNA expression. Drug treatments significantly inhibited secretion of CXCL10 in mock-infected, but not RV-infected, BE cells, and inhibited secretion of TNFα under both conditions. Neither budesonide nor formoterol, alone or in combination, significantly affected viral replication, nor did they inhibit RV-induced upregulation of IFNB1 and IL28 mRNA. Overall, RV replication was positively related to CXCL10 secretion and induction of IFNB1 and IL28 mRNA, but the positive relationship between RV RNA and CXCL10 secretion was stronger in normal subjects than in subjects with asthma. Conclusions Budesonide and formoterol can inhibit BE cell inflammatory responses in vitro without interfering with viral replication or production of interferons. These effects could potentially contribute to beneficial effects of budesonide/formoterol combination therapy in preventing RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
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D'Attilio L, Díaz A, Santucci N, Bongiovanni B, Gardeñez W, Marchesini M, Bogué C, Dídoli G, Bottasso O, Bay ML. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, adrenal steroids, and mRNA for GRα, GRβ and 11βHSD1 in TB pleurisy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:635-41. [PMID: 23988280 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work on the immune-endocrine features of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) showed markedly decreased plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) together with augmented concentrations of Cortisol and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Studies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) indicated a lower mRNA α/β ratio of glucocorticoid receptors -GR- together with a higher 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) mRNA expression in cases with severe pulmonary TB. Since Pleural TB (PLTB) is a rather benign manifestation of TB, we now analyzed the systemic and local immune-endocrine profile as well as the GRα, GRβ, 11βHSD1 and 11βHSD2 transcripts in PBMC and pleural effusion mononuclear cells (PEMC) of patients with PLTB. PLTB patients had increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IFNγ together with reduced Cortisol and DHEA concentrations in pleural fluids. Also, a significantly increased expression of 11βHSD1 and GRα was found in PEMC compared to PBMC. Findings point out to an appropriate immune response and a substantial inflammatory reaction, wherein the low Cortisol concentrations may be equally effective, because of the increased expression of GRα and 11βHSD1 transcripts which may optimize the immunomodulatory properties of Cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano D'Attilio
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, CUAS IV 2° Flor, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
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Leelatanawit R, Klanchui A, Uawisetwathana U, Karoonuthaisiri N. Validation of reference genes for real-time PCR of reproductive system in the black tiger shrimp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52677. [PMID: 23285145 PMCID: PMC3532477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression of reproductive system of the black tiger shrimp (Peneaus monodon) has been widely studied to address poor maturation problem in captivity. However, a systematic evaluation of reference genes in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for P. monodon reproductive organs is lacking. In this study, the stability of four potential reference genes (18s rRNA, GAPDH, β-actin, and EF1-α) was examined in the reproductive tissues in various conditions using bioinformatic tools: NormFinder and geNorm. For NormFinder, EF1-α and GAPDH ranked first and second as the most stable genes in testis groups whereas GAPDH and EF1-α were for ovaries from wild-caught broodstock and domesticated groups. EF1-α and β-actin ranked first and second for the eyestalk ablated ovaries. For geNorm, EF1-α and GAPDH had the best stability in all testis and ovaries from domesticated groups whereas EF1-α and β-actin were the best for ovaries from wild-caught and eyestalk ablated groups. Moreover, the expression levels of two well-known reproductive genes, Dmc1 and Vitellogenin, were used to validate these reference genes. When normalized to EF1-α, the expected expression patterns were obtained in all cases. Therefore, this work suggests that EF1-α is more versatile as reference genes in qPCR analysis for reproductive system in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Leelatanawit
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Amornpan Klanchui
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Banerjee B, Musk M, Sutanto EN, Yerkovich ST, Hopkins P, Knight DA, Lindsey-Temple S, Stick SM, Kicic A, Chambers DC. Regional differences in susceptibiity of bronchial epithelium to mesenchymal transition and inhibition by the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52309. [PMID: 23284981 PMCID: PMC3528745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysregulated repair following epithelial injury is a key forerunner of disease in many organs, and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype by the injured epithelial cells (epithelial to mesenchymal transition, EMT) may serve as a source of fibrosis. The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin and the DNA synthesis inhibitor mycophenolate are in clinical use but their mechanism of action remains unknown in post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Here we determined if regional variation in the EMT response to TGFβ1 underlies the bronchiolocentric fibrosis leading to BOS and whether EMT could be inhibited by azithromycin or mycophenolate. Methods/Results We found that small and large airway epithelial cells from stable lung transplant patients underwent EMT when stimulated with TGFβ1, however mesenchymal protein expression was higher and loss of epithelial protein expression more complete in small airway epithelial cells. This regional difference was not mediated by changes in expression of the TGFβRII or Smad3 activation. Azithromycin potentially inhibited EMT in both small and large airway epithelial cells by inhibiting Smad3 expression, but not activation. Conclusion Collectively, these observations provide a biologic basis for a previously unexplained but widely observed clinical phenomena, and a platform for the development of new approaches to fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balarka Banerjee
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australia Lung Transplant Program, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Musk
- Western Australia Lung Transplant Program, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N. Sutanto
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, the University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Peter Hopkins
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- University of British Columbia, James Hogg Research Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suzanna Lindsey-Temple
- Centre for Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (CAARR) The Lung Institute of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, the University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, the University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Chambers
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Wang T, Liang ZA, Sandford AJ, Xiong XY, Yang YY, Ji YL, He JQ. Selection of suitable housekeeping genes for real-time quantitative PCR in CD4(+) lymphocytes from asthmatics with or without depression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48367. [PMID: 23110234 PMCID: PMC3480507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No optimal housekeeping genes (HKGs) have been identified for CD4(+) T cells from non-depressive asthmatic and depressive asthmatic adults for normalizing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays. The aim of present study was to select appropriate HKGs for gene expression analysis in purified CD4(+) T cells from these asthmatics. METHODS Three groups of subjects (Non-depressive asthmatic, NDA, n = 10, Depressive asthmatic, DA, n = 11, and Healthy control, HC, n = 10 respectively) were studied. qPCR for 9 potential HKGs, namely RNA, 28S ribosomal 1 (RN28S1), ribosomal protein, large, P0 (RPLP0), actin, beta (ACTB), cyclophilin A (PPIA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), glucuronidase, beta (GUSB) and ribosomal protein L13a (RPL13A), was performed. Then the data were analyzed with three different applications namely BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder. RESULTS The analysis of gene expression data identified B2M and RPLP0 as the most stable reference genes and showed that the level of PPIA was significantly different among subjects of three groups when the two best HKGs identified were applied. Post-hoc analysis by Student-Newman-Keuls correction shows that depressive asthmatics and non-depressive asthmatics exhibited lower expression level of PPIA than healthy controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS B2M and RPLP0 were identified as the most optimal HKGs in gene expression studies involving human blood CD4(+) T cells derived from normal, depressive asthmatics and non-depressive asthmatics. The suitability of using the PPIA gene as the HKG for such studies was questioned due to its low expression in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-An Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew J. Sandford
- The UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xing-Yu Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-Yin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (J-QH); (Y-LJ)
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (J-QH); (Y-LJ)
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Penton PC, Wang X, Amatullah H, Cooper J, Godri K, North ML, Khanna N, Scott JA, Chow CW. Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and pollution-induced enhanced airway response in a chronic mouse model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:512-20.e1-10. [PMID: 22981792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reversible airflow obstruction, airway remodeling, and episodic exacerbations caused by air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM; PM <2.5 μm in diameter [PM(2.5)]) and ozone (O(3)). Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), an immunoregulatory kinase, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of Syk inhibition on AHR in a chronic mouse model of allergic airways inflammation and pollutant exposure. METHODS We used a 12-week chronic ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge mouse model of airways inflammation followed by exposure to PM(2.5) plus O(3). Respiratory mechanics and methacholine (MCh) responsiveness were assessed by using the flexiVent system. The Syk inhibitor NVP-QAB-205 was nebulized intratracheally by using a treatment-based protocol 15 minutes before assessment of MCh responsiveness. RESULTS Syk expression increased significantly in the airway epithelia of OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged (OVA/OVA) mice compared with OVA-sensitized but PBS-challenged (OVA/PBS) control mice. OVA/OVA mice exhibited AHR to MCh, which was attenuated by a single administration of NVP-QAB-205 (0.3 and 3 mg/kg). PM(2.5) plus O(3) significantly augmented AHR to MCh in the OVA/OVA mice, which was abrogated by NVP-QAB-205. Total inflammatory cell counts were significantly higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from OVA/OVA than OVA/PBS mice and were unaffected by PM(2.5) plus O(3) or NVP-QAB-205. CONCLUSION NVP-QAB-205 reduced AHR and the enhanced response to PM(2.5) plus O(3) to normal levels in an established model of chronic allergic airways inflammation, suggesting that Syk inhibitors have promise as a therapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellanos Penton
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Too IHK, Ling MHT. Signal Peptidase Complex Subunit 1 and Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Beta Subunit Are Suitable Reference Genes in Human Lungs. ISRN BIOINFORMATICS 2011; 2012:790452. [PMID: 25969744 PMCID: PMC4407196 DOI: 10.5402/2012/790452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common cancer, and expression profiling can provide an accurate indication to advance the medical intervention. However, this requires the availability of stably expressed genes as reference. Recent studies had shown that genes that are stably expressed in a tissue may not be stably expressed in other tissues suggesting the need to identify stably expressed genes in each tissue for use as reference genes. DNA microarray analysis has been used to identify those reference genes with low fluctuation. Fourteen datasets with different lung conditions were employed in our study. Coefficient of variance, followed by NormFinder, was used to identify stably expressed genes. Our results showed that classical reference genes such as GAPDH and HPRT1 were highly variable; thus, they are unsuitable as reference genes. Signal peptidase complex subunit 1 (SPCS1) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase beta subunit (HADHB), which are involved in fundamental biochemical processes, demonstrated high expression stability suggesting their suitability in human lung cell profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issac H K Too
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Maurice H T Ling
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Oosthuizen JL, Gomez P, Ruan J, Hackett TL, Moore MM, Knight DA, Tebbutt SJ. Dual organism transcriptomics of airway epithelial cells interacting with conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20527. [PMID: 21655222 PMCID: PMC3105077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the complex nature of the responses that can occur in host-pathogen interactions, dual transcriptomics offers a powerful method of elucidating these interactions during infection. The gene expression patterns of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or host cells have been reported in a number of previous studies, but each focused on only one of the interacting organisms. In the present study, we profiled simultaneously the transcriptional response of both A. fumigatus and human airway epithelial cells (AECs). Methodology 16HBE14o- transformed bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with A. fumigatus conidia at 37°C for 6 hours, followed by genome-wide transcriptome analysis using human and fungal microarrays. Differentially expressed gene lists were generated from the microarrays, from which biologically relevant themes were identified. Human and fungal candidate genes were selected for validation, using RT-qPCR, in both 16HBE14o- cells and primary AECs co-cultured with conidia. Principal Findings We report that ontologies related to the innate immune response are activated by co-incubation with A. fumigatus condia, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was confirmed to be up-regulated in primary AECs via RT-qPCR. Concomitantly, A. fumigatus was found to up-regulate fungal pathways involved in iron acquisition, vacuolar acidification, and formate dehydrogenase activity. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply a dual organism transcriptomics approach to interactions of A. fumigatus conidia and human airway epithelial cells. The up-regulation of IL-6 by epithelia and simultaneous activation of several pathways by fungal conidia warrants further investigation as we seek to better understand this interaction in both health and disease. The cellular response of the airway epithelium to A. fumigatus is important to understand if we are to improve host-pathogen outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L. Oosthuizen
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pol Gomez
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jian Ruan
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tillie L. Hackett
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margo M. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott J. Tebbutt
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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D'Attilio L, Trini E, Bongiovanni B, Dídoli G, Gardeñez W, Nannini LJ, Giri A, Bottasso OA, Bay ML. mRNA expression of alpha and beta isoforms of glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with tuberculosis and its relation with components of the immunoendocrine response. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:461-7. [PMID: 21093577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms by real time RT-qPCR in PBMCs from 19 controls (HCo) and 28 TB patients (8 mild; 12 moderate; 8 severe), HIV(-) and similar sex and age distribution. mRNA hGRα/β ratios were found higher in TB patients respect to those in HCo. However, when analyzing for disease severity such overall trend was at the expense of mild and moderate patients, with severe cases showing a lower mRNA hGRα/β ratio with respect to the other patient groups. This suggested some degree of resistance to endogenous glucocorticoids in patients with severe TB, since hGRαα dimer mediates the biological functions of GC, with the GRβ isoform acting as an inhibitor of GC activity. Levels of IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ and Cortisol were significantly increased in severe and moderate cases, whereas DHEA values were found decreased in them (p<0.05 respect to HCo). Analysis on the relationship between plasma levels of these immuno-endocrine mediators with the mRNA expression of hGRα and hGRβ showed that IL-6 was positively associated with hGRα in mild TB patients (p<0.01), whereas a negative correlation between IFN-γ and hGRβ was observed in severe cases (p<0.01). As regard to hormones, DHEA was positively associated with hGRα in moderate and severe cases (p<0.01). This group also showed a negative correlation between hGRα and Cortisol/DHEA ratios (p<0.05). Changes in the systemic levels of cytokine and adrenal hormones are likely to affect GR expression in a differential fashion and according to the amount of pulmonary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano D'Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Shen GM, Jiang HB, Wang XN, Wang JJ. Evaluation of endogenous references for gene expression profiling in different tissues of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:76. [PMID: 20923571 PMCID: PMC2972281 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely used for quantification of mRNA as a way to determine key genes involved in different biological processes. For accurate gene quantification analysis, normalization of RT-qPCR data is absolutely essential. To date, normalization is most frequently achieved by the use of internal controls, often referred to as reference genes. However, several studies have shown that the reference genes used for the quantification of mRNA expression can be affected by the experimental set-up or cell type resulting in variation of the expression level of these key genes. Therefore, the evaluation of reference genes is critical for gene expression profiling, which is often neglected in gene expression studies of insects. For this purpose, ten candidate reference genes were investigated in three different tissues (midgut, Malpighian tubules, and fat body) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Results Two different programs, geNorm and Normfinder, were used to analyze the data. According to geNorm, α-TUB + ACT5 are the most appropriate reference genes for gene expression profiling across the three different tissues in the female flies, while ACT3 + α-TUB are considered as the best for males. Furthermore, we evaluated the stability of the candidate reference genes to determine the sexual differences in the same tissue. In the midgut and Malpighian tubules, ACT2 + α-TUB are the best choice for both males and females. However, α-TUB + ACT1 are the best pair for fat body. Meanwhile, the results calculated by Normfinder are quite the same as the results with geNorm; α-TUB is always one of the most stable genes in each sample validated by the two programs. Conclusions In this study, we validated the suitable reference genes for gene expression profiling in different tissues of B. dorsalis. Moreover, appropriate reference genes were selected out for gene expression profiling of the same tissues taking the sexual differences into consideration. This work not only formed a solid basis for future gene expression study in B. dorsalis, but also will serve as a resource to screen reference genes for gene expression studies in any other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
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Kessler Y, Helfer-Hungerbuehler AK, Cattori V, Meli ML, Zellweger B, Ossent P, Riond B, Reusch CE, Lutz H, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR assays for gene expression normalisation in feline tissues. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:106. [PMID: 20003366 PMCID: PMC2803789 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression analysis is an important tool in contemporary research, with real-time PCR as the method of choice for quantifying transcription levels. Co-analysis of suitable reference genes is crucial for accurate expression normalisation. Reference gene expression may vary, e.g., among species or tissues; thus, candidate genes must be tested prior to use in expression studies. The domestic cat is an important study subject in both medical research and veterinary medicine. The aim of the present study was to develop TaqMan® real-time PCR assays for eight potential reference genes and to test their applicability for feline samples, including blood, lymphoid, endocrine, and gastrointestinal tissues from healthy cats, and neoplastic tissues from FeLV-infected cats. Results RNA extraction from tissues was optimised for minimal genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination without use of a DNase treatment. Real-time PCR assays were established and optimised for v-abl Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog (ABL), β-actin (ACTB), β-2-microglobulin (B2M), β-glucuronidase (GUSB), hydroxymethyl-bilane synthase (HMBS), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), ribosomal protein S7 (RPS7), and tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ). The presence of pseudogenes was confirmed for four of the eight investigated genes (ACTB, HPRT, RPS7, and YWHAZ). The assays were tested together with previously developed TaqMan® assays for feline glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the universal 18S rRNA gene. Significant differences were found among the expression levels of the ten candidate reference genes, with a ~106-fold expression difference between the most abundant (18S rRNA) and the least abundant genes (ABL, GUSB, and HMBS). The expression stability determined by the geNorm and NormFinder programs differed significantly. Using the ANOVA-based NormFinder program, RPS7 was the most stable gene in the tissues studied, followed by ACTB and ABL; B2M, HPRT, and the 18S rRNA genes were the least stable ones. Conclusion The reference gene expression stability varied considerably among the feline tissues investigated. No tested gene was optimal for normalisation in all tissues. For the majority of the tissues, two to three reference genes were necessary for accurate normalisation. The present study yields essential information on the correct choice of feline reference genes depending on the tissues analysed.
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Hu R, Fan C, Li H, Zhang Q, Fu YF. Evaluation of putative reference genes for gene expression normalization in soybean by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:93. [PMID: 19785741 PMCID: PMC2761916 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) data needs to be normalized for its proper interpretation. Housekeeping genes are routinely employed for this purpose, but their expression level cannot be assumed to remain constant under all possible experimental conditions. Thus, a systematic validation of reference genes is required to ensure proper normalization. For soybean, only a small number of validated reference genes are available to date. RESULTS A systematic comparison of 14 potential reference genes for soybean is presented. These included seven commonly used (ACT2, ACT11, TUB4, TUA5, CYP, UBQ10, EF1b) and seven new candidates (SKIP16, MTP, PEPKR1, HDC, TIP41, UKN1, UKN2). Expression stability was examined by RT-qPCR across 116 biological samples, representing tissues at various developmental stages, varied photoperiodic treatments, and a range of soybean cultivars. Expression of all 14 genes was variable to some extent, but that of SKIP16, UKN1 and UKN2 was overall the most stable. A combination of ACT11, UKN1 and UKN2 would be appropriate as a reference panel for normalizing gene expression data among different tissues, whereas the combination SKIP16, UKN1 and MTP was most suitable for developmental stages. ACT11, TUA5 and TIP41 were the most stably expressed when the photoperiod was altered, and TIP41, UKN1 and UKN2 when the light quality was changed. For six different cultivars in long day (LD) and short day (SD), their expression stability did not vary significantly with ACT11, UKN2 and TUB4 being the most stable genes. The relative gene expression level of GmFTL3, an ortholog of Arabidopsis FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) was detected to validate the reference genes selected in this study. CONCLUSION None of the candidate reference genes was uniformly expressed across all experimental conditions, and the most suitable reference genes are conditional-, tissue-specific-, developmental-, and cultivar-dependent. Most of the new reference genes performed better than the conventional housekeeping genes. These results should guide the selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Hu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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