1
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Kenny G, Saini G, Gaillard CM, Negi R, Alalwan D, Garcia Leon A, McCann K, Tinago W, Kelly C, Cotter AG, de Barra E, Horgan M, Yousif O, Gautier V, Landay A, McAuley D, Feeney ER, O'Kane C, Mallon PWG. Early inflammatory profiles predict maximal disease severity in COVID-19: An unsupervised cluster analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34694. [PMID: 39144942 PMCID: PMC11320140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory changes that underlie the heterogeneous presentations of COVID-19 remain incompletely understood. In this study we aimed to identify inflammatory profiles that precede the development of severe COVID-19, that could serve as targets for optimised delivery of immunomodulatory therapies and provide insights for the development of new therapies. Methods We included individuals sampled <10 days from COVID-19 symptom onset, recruited from both inpatient and outpatient settings. We measured 61 biomarkers in plasma, including markers of innate immune and T cell activation, coagulation, tissue repair and lung injury. We used principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to derive biomarker clusters, and ordinal logistic regression to explore associations between cluster membership and maximal disease severity, adjusting for known risk factors for severe COVID-19. Results In 312 individuals, median (IQR) 7 (4-9) days from symptom onset, we found four clusters. Cluster 1 was characterised by low overall inflammation, cluster 2 was characterised by higher levels of growth factors and markers of endothelial activation (EGF, VEGF, PDGF, TGFα, PAI-1 and p-selectin). Cluster 3 and 4 both had higher overall inflammation. Cluster 4 had the highest levels of most markers including markers of innate immune activation (IL6, procalcitonin, CRP, TNFα), and coagulation (D-dimer, TPO), in contrast cluster 3 had the highest levels of alveolar epithelial injury markers (RAGE, ST2), but relative downregulation of growth factors and endothelial activation markers, suggesting a dysfunctional inflammatory pattern. In unadjusted and adjusted analysis, compared to cluster 1, cluster 3 had the highest odds of progressing to more severe disease (unadjusted OR (95%CI) 9.02 (4.53-17.96), adjusted OR (95%CI) 6.02 (2.70-13.39)). Conclusion Early inflammatory profiles predicted subsequent maximal disease severity independent of risk factors for severe COVID-19. A cluster with downregulation of growth factors and endothelial activation markers, and early evidence of alveolar epithelial injury, had the highest risk of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gurvin Saini
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colette Marie Gaillard
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Riya Negi
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dana Alalwan
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Garcia Leon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen McCann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Willard Tinago
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Kelly
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife G. Cotter
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoghan de Barra
- Department of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Horgan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Obada Yousif
- Department of Endocrinology, Wexford General Hospital, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Virginie Gautier
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Eoin R. Feeney
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Patrick WG. Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Meldrum K, Evans SJ, Burgum MJ, Doak SH, Clift MJD. Determining the toxicological effects of indoor air pollution on both a healthy and an inflammatory-comprised model of the alveolar epithelial barrier in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 38760786 PMCID: PMC11100169 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAP) has increased recently, with people spending more time indoors (i.e. homes, offices, schools and transportation). Increased exposures of IAP on a healthy population are poorly understood, and those with allergic respiratory conditions even less so. The objective of this study, therefore, was to implement a well-characterised in vitro model of the human alveolar epithelial barrier (A549 + PMA differentiated THP-1 incubated with and without IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) to determine the effects of a standardised indoor particulate (NIST 2583) on both a healthy lung model and one modelling a type-II (stimulated with IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) inflammatory response (such as asthma).Using concentrations from the literature, and an environmentally appropriate exposure we investigated 232, 464 and 608ng/cm2 of NIST 2583 respectively. Membrane integrity (blue dextran), viability (trypan blue), genotoxicity (micronucleus (Mn) assay) and (pro-)/(anti-)inflammatory effects (IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, IL-10) were then assessed 24 h post exposure to both models. Models were exposed using a physiologically relevant aerosolisation method (VitroCell Cloud 12 exposure system).No changes in Mn frequency or membrane integrity in either model were noted when exposed to any of the tested concentrations of NIST 2583. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cell viability at the highest concentration was observed in the healthy model. Whilst cell viability in the "inflamed" model was decreased at the lower concentrations (significantly (p < 0.05) after 464ng/cm2). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-10 and a significant increase in IL-33 was seen after 24 h exposure to NIST 2583 (464, 608ng/cm2) in the "inflamed" model.Collectively, the results indicate the potential for IAP to cause the onset of a type II response as well as exacerbating pre-existing allergic conditions. Furthermore, the data imposes the importance of considering unhealthy individuals when investigating the potential health effects of IAP. It also highlights that even in a healthy population these particles have the potential to induce this type II response and initiate an immune response following exposure to IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Michael J Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
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3
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Chen XF, Deng JM. The influence of novel coronavirus pneumonia on chronic disease management of asthma-a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1590-1600. [PMID: 38505017 PMCID: PMC10944750 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a huge global toll on all fronts, creating new challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. For chronic management of asthma, on the one hand, the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the asthma disease itself; on the other hand, in order to control the spread of the pandemic, forced isolation, mask-wearing and various disinfection measures also have an impact on the condition and medication of asthma patients. This article reviews the changes in chronic asthma management under the COVID-19 pandemic to provide reference for chronic disease management of asthma after the pandemic and for various public health emergencies in the future. Methods Online searching of literature was performed. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE were searched. Key Content and Findings COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the world, and has also brought new challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and chronic disease management. On the one hand, the existence of the 2019 novel coronavirus directly affects the asthma disease itself, on the other hand, due to the particularity of the asthma disease itself, different levels of isolation and controls can cause patients with different degrees of medical difficulties; in addition, the application of various disinfectants in the environment also increases the risk of acute attacks of asthma patients, as well as mask-wearing, vaccination, anxiety about the disease, panic, etc., all of which have posed various degrees of impact on the condition and psychology of asthma patients. Conclusions The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought many difficulties to the chronic disease management of asthma, and has had a certain impact on the disease control of asthma patients. In the era with overflowing information, internet hospital is the current trend, and there is a long way to go for effectively penetrating medical resources virtually via the internet into chronic disease management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fen Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Min Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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4
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Wang Z, Li W, Chen S, Tang XX. Role of ADAM and ADAMTS proteases in pathological tissue remodeling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:447. [PMID: 38071234 PMCID: PMC10710407 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological tissue remodeling is closely associated with the occurrence and aggravation of various diseases. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAM), as well as A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS), belong to zinc-dependent metalloproteinase superfamily, are involved in a range of pathological states, including cancer metastasis, inflammatory disorders, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Mounting studies suggest that ADAM and ADAMTS proteases contribute to the development of tissue remodeling in various diseases, mainly through the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and extracellular matrix remodeling. This review focuses on the roles of ADAM and ADAMTS proteinases in diseases with pathological tissue remodeling, with particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms through which ADAM and ADAMTS proteins mediate tissue remodeling. Some of these reported proteinases have defined protective or contributing roles in indicated diseases, while their underlying regulation is obscure. Future studies are warranted to better understand the catalytic and non-catalytic functions of ADAM and ADAMTS proteins, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of targeting these proteases in pathological tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Varricchi G, Ferri S, Pepys J, Poto R, Spadaro G, Nappi E, Paoletti G, Virchow JC, Heffler E, Canonica WG. Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:3538-3552. [PMID: 35950646 PMCID: PMC10087445 DOI: 10.1111/all.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease resulting in airflow obstruction, which in part can become irreversible to conventional therapies, defining the concept of airway remodeling. The introduction of biologics in severe asthma has led in some patients to the complete normalization of previously considered irreversible airflow obstruction. This highlights the need to distinguish a "fixed" airflow obstruction due to structural changes unresponsive to current therapies, from a "reversible" one as demonstrated by lung function normalization during biological therapies not previously obtained even with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. The mechanisms by which exposure to environmental factors initiates the inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling are still incompletely understood. Alarmins represent epithelial-derived cytokines that initiate immunologic events leading to inflammatory airway remodeling. Biological therapies can improve airflow obstruction by addressing these airway inflammatory changes. In addition, biologics might prevent and possibly even revert "fixed" remodeling due to structural changes. Hence, it appears clinically important to separate the therapeutic effects (early and late) of biologics as a new paradigm to evaluate the effects of these drugs and future treatments on airway remodeling in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Ferri
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jack Pepys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter G Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Jaén M, Martín-Regalado Á, Bartolomé RA, Robles J, Casal JI. Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2): Expression, signaling pathways and therapeutic applications in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188802. [PMID: 36152905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2) is increasingly recognized as a relevant player in cancer invasion and metastasis. Despite being initially considered a decoy receptor for dampening the levels of interleukin 13 (IL-13) in diverse inflammatory conditions, accumulating evidences in the last decades indicate the capacity of IL13Rα2 for mediating IL-13 signaling in cancer cells. The biological reasons behind the expression of this receptor with such extremely high affinity for IL-13 in cancer cells remain unclear. Elevated expression of IL13Rα2 is commonly associated with invasion, late stage and cancer metastasis that results in poor prognosis for glioblastoma, colorectal or breast cancer, among others. The discovery of new mediators and effectors of IL13Rα2 signaling has been critical for deciphering its underlying molecular mechanisms in cancer progression. Still, many questions about the effects of inflammation, the cancer type and the tumor degree in the expression of IL13Rα2 remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we review and discuss the current status of the IL13Rα2 biology in cancer, with particular emphasis in the role of inflammation-driven expression and the regulation of different signaling pathways. As IL13Rα2 implications in cancer continue to grow exponentially, we highlight new targeted therapies recently developed for glioblastoma, colorectal cancer and other IL13Rα2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jaén
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Martín-Regalado
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Protein Alternatives SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Shankar A, McAlees JW, Lewkowich IP. Modulation of IL-4/IL-13 cytokine signaling in the context of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:266-276. [PMID: 35934680 PMCID: PMC9371363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of CD4 TH2 cells and excessive production of TH2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Generally, IL-4 and IL-13 utilize Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways for induction of inflammatory gene expression and the effector functions associated with disease pathology in many allergic diseases. However, it is increasingly clear that JAK/STAT pathways activated by IL-4/IL-13 can themselves be modulated in the presence of other intracellular signaling programs, thereby changing the overall tone and/or magnitude of IL-4/IL-13 signaling. Apart from direct activation of the canonic JAK/STAT pathways, IL-4 and IL-13 also induce proinflammatory gene expression and effector functions through activation of additional signaling cascades. These alternative signaling cascades contribute to several specific aspects of IL-4/IL-13-associated cellular and molecular responses. A more complete understanding of IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathways, including the precise conditions under which noncanonic signaling pathways are activated, and the impact of these pathways on cellular- and host-level responses, will better allow us to design agents that target specific pathologic outcomes or tailor therapies for the treatment of uncommon disease endotypes.
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8
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IL-4 and IL-13 Promote Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells through STAT6 and IRS-1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112008. [PMID: 34769439 PMCID: PMC8584551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 control immune function by acting on leukocytes. They also regulate multiple responses in non-hematopoietic cells. During pregnancy, IL-4 and IL-13 facilitate alveologenesis of mammary glands. This particular morphogenesis generates alveoli from existing ducts and requires substantial cell proliferation. Using 3D cultures of primary mouse mammary epithelial cells, we demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 promote cell proliferation, leading to enlargement of mammary acini with partially filled lumens. The mitogenic effects of IL-4 and IL-13 are mediated by STAT6 as inhibition of STAT6 suppresses cell proliferation and improves lumen formation. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Prolonged treatment with these cytokines leads to increased IRS-1 abundance, which, in turn, amplifies IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Through signaling crosstalk between IL-4/IL-13 and insulin, a hormone routinely included in mammary cultures, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is further enhanced. Lowering IRS-1 expression reduces cell proliferation, suggesting that IRS-1 is involved in IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated cell proliferation. Thus, a Th2-dominant cytokine milieu during pregnancy confers mammary gland development by promoting cell proliferation.
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9
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Wark PA, Pathinayake PS, Kaiko G, Nichol K, Ali A, Chen L, Sutanto EN, Garratt LW, Sohal SS, Lu W, Eapen MS, Oldmeadow C, Bartlett N, Reid A, Veerati P, Hsu AC, Looi K, Iosifidis T, Stick SM, Hansbro PM, Kicic A. ACE2 expression is elevated in airway epithelial cells from older and male healthy individuals but reduced in asthma. Respirology 2021; 26:442-451. [PMID: 33455043 PMCID: PMC8014151 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE COVID-19 is complicated by acute lung injury, and death in some individuals. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 that requires the ACE2 receptor and serine proteases to enter AEC. We determined what factors are associated with ACE2 expression particularly in patients with asthma and COPD. METHODS We obtained lower AEC from 145 people from two independent cohorts, aged 2-89 years, Newcastle (n = 115) and Perth (n = 30), Australia. The Newcastle cohort was enriched with people with asthma (n = 37) and COPD (n = 38). Gene expression for ACE2 and other genes potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 cell entry was assessed by qPCR, and protein expression was confirmed with immunohistochemistry on endobronchial biopsies and cultured AEC. RESULTS Increased gene expression of ACE2 was associated with older age (P = 0.03) and male sex (P = 0.03), but not with pack-years smoked. When we compared gene expression between adults with asthma, COPD and healthy controls, mean ACE2 expression was lower in asthma patients (P = 0.01). Gene expression of furin, a protease that facilitates viral endocytosis, was also lower in patients with asthma (P = 0.02), while ADAM-17, a disintegrin that cleaves ACE2 from the surface, was increased (P = 0.02). ACE2 protein expression was also reduced in endobronchial biopsies from asthma patients. CONCLUSION Increased ACE2 expression occurs in older people and males. Asthma patients have reduced expression. Altered ACE2 expression in the lower airway may be an important factor in virus tropism and may in part explain susceptibility factors and why asthma patients are not over-represented in those with COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A.B. Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Prabuddha S. Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Gerard Kaiko
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Ayesha Ali
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Ling Chen
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Erika N. Sutanto
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- School of Public HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Luke W. Garratt
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Sukhwinder S. Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Mathew S. Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design and StatisticsHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Andrew Reid
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Punnam Veerati
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Alan C.‐Y. Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- School of Public HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- School of Public HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicinePerth Children's HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, and Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- School of Public HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicinePerth Children's HospitalPerthWAAustralia
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10
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Langwinski W, Sobkowiak P, Narozna B, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Stachowiak Z, Nowakowska J, Bręborowicz A, Szczepankiewicz A. Association of circadian clock TIMELESS variants and expression with asthma risk in children. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:1191-1200. [PMID: 32790948 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, allergen-induced hypersensitivity and dyspnea. Most asthmatic patients demonstrate oscillations of disease symptoms within 24 hours regulated by circadian clock genes. We hypothesized that these genes may be regulators of childhood asthma risk. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the circadian clock genes are associated with childhood asthma risk. We also aimed to analyze the mRNA level of clock genes in the blood of asthmatic children and NHBE cells stimulated with IL-13. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 165 asthmatic and 138 healthy Polish children. NHBE cells were culture at the air-liquid interface (ALI) with IL-13 as an in vitro model of allergic inflammation. Using TaqMan probes, we genotyped 32 SNPs in: CLOCK, BMAL1, PER3 and TIMELESS. Expression analysis for TIMELESS was performed using real-time PCR with SYBR Green. For haplotype and genotype statistical analysis we used Haploview 4.2 and STATISTICA version 12, respectively. Gene expression analysis was performed in DataAssist v3.01. RESULTS We found that three polymorphisms in TIMELESS (rs2291739, rs10876890, rs11171856) and two haplotypes (TTTT and CTAC) were associated with asthma risk. We also found significantly decreased expression of TIMELESS in the blood of asthmatic children as compared to the healthy children (P = 0.0289) and in NHBE cells stimulated with IL-13 (P = 0.0302). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we showed for the first time that TIMELESS variants and expression may be associated with childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Langwinski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Sobkowiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narozna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Zuzanna Stachowiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowakowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bręborowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Petit A, Knabe L, Khelloufi K, Jory M, Gras D, Cabon Y, Begg M, Richard S, Massiera G, Chanez P, Vachier I, Bourdin A. Bronchial Epithelial Calcium Metabolism Impairment in Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Decreased ORAI3 Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:501-511. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Knabe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kamel Khelloufi
- CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR 7325, and
| | - Myriam Jory
- UMR 5221 CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, INSERM U1263 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Clinique des Bronches Allergies et Sommeil, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Cabon
- Department of Medical Information, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Malcolm Begg
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Data Processing Unit, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gladys Massiera
- UMR 5221 CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, INSERM U1263 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Clinique des Bronches Allergies et Sommeil, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Addictology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Verstockt B, Perrier C, De Hertogh G, Cremer J, Creyns B, Van Assche G, Ferrante M, Ceuppens JL, Vermeire S, Breynaert C. Effects of Epithelial IL-13Rα2 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2983. [PMID: 30619339 PMCID: PMC6305625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucosal IL-13 Receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2) mRNA expression is one of the best predictive markers for primary non-responsiveness to infliximab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective of this study was to understand how IL-13Rα2, a negative regulator of IL-13 signaling, can contribute to IBD pathology. Methods:IL13RA2 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water to induce colitis. Furthermore, mucosal biopsies and resection specimen of healthy individuals and IBD patients before the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy were obtained for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. Results: After induction of DSS colitis, IL13RA2 KO mice had similar disease severity, but recovered more rapidly than WT animals. Goblet cell numbers and mucosal architecture were also more rapidly restored in IL13RA2 KO mice. In mucosal biopsies of active IBD patients, immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-13Rα2 protein was highly expressed in epithelial cells, while expression was restricted to goblet cells in healthy controls. Mucosal IL13RA2 mRNA negatively correlated with mRNA of several goblet cell-specific and barrier genes, and with goblet cell numbers. Conclusions: The data suggest that IL-13Rα2 on epithelial cells contributes to IBD pathology by negatively influencing goblet cell recovery, goblet cell function and epithelial restoration after injury. Therefore, blocking IL-13Rα2 could be a promising target for restoration of the epithelial barrier in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clémentine Perrier
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Creyns
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L. Ceuppens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
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Marcos-López M, Calduch-Giner JA, Mirimin L, MacCarthy E, Rodger HD, O'Connor I, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Pérez-Sánchez J, Piazzon MC. Gene expression analysis of Atlantic salmon gills reveals mucin 5 and interleukin 4/13 as key molecules during amoebic gill disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13689. [PMID: 30209326 PMCID: PMC6135806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the main diseases affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture. Hallmarks of AGD are hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium and increased production of gill mucus. This study investigated the expression of genes involved in mucus secretion, cell cycle regulation, immunity and oxidative stress in gills using a targeted 21-gene PCR array. Gill samples were obtained from experimental and natural Neoparamoeba perurans infections, and sampling points included progressive infection stages and post-freshwater treatment. Up-regulation of genes related to mucin secretion and cell proliferation, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes were associated with AGD severity, while partial restoration of the gill homeostasis was detected post-treatment. Mucins and Th2 cytokines accoun ted for most of the variability observed between groups highlighting their key role in AGD. Two mucins (muc5, muc18) showed differential regulation upon disease. Substantial up-regulation of the secreted muc5 was detected in clinical AGD, and the membrane bound muc18 showed an opposite pattern. Th2 cytokines, il4/13a and il4/13b2, were significantly up-regulated from 2 days post-infection onwards, and changes were lesion-specific. Despite the differences between experimental and natural infections, both yielded comparable results that underline the importance of the studied genes in the respiratory organs of fish, and during AGD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Marcos-López
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland. .,FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co, Galway, H91 XP3F, Ireland.
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain
| | - Luca Mirimin
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Eugene MacCarthy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Hamish D Rodger
- FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co, Galway, H91 XP3F, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, 12595, Spain.
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The EGFR-ADAM17 Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cystic Fibrosis Lung Pathology. Mediators Inflamm 2018. [PMID: 29540993 PMCID: PMC5818912 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1067134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) share molecular mechanisms that cause the pathological symptoms they have in common. Here, we review evidence suggesting that hyperactivity of the EGFR/ADAM17 axis plays a role in the development of chronic lung disease in both CF and COPD. The ubiquitous transmembrane protease A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) forms a functional unit with the EGF receptor (EGFR), in a feedback loop interaction labeled the ADAM17/EGFR axis. In airway epithelial cells, ADAM17 sheds multiple soluble signaling proteins by proteolysis, including EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin (AREG), and proinflammatory mediators such as the interleukin 6 coreceptor (IL-6R). This activity can be enhanced by injury, toxins, and receptor-mediated external triggers. In addition to intracellular kinases, the extracellular glutathione-dependent redox potential controls ADAM17 shedding. Thus, the epithelial ADAM17/EGFR axis serves as a receptor of incoming luminal stress signals, relaying these to neighboring and underlying cells, which plays an important role in the resolution of lung injury and inflammation. We review evidence that congenital CFTR deficiency in CF and reduced CFTR activity in chronic COPD may cause enhanced ADAM17/EGFR signaling through a defect in glutathione secretion. In future studies, these complex interactions and the options for pharmaceutical interventions will be further investigated.
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15
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Proteolysis in the Interstitium. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Stolarczyk M, Amatngalim GD, Yu X, Veltman M, Hiemstra PS, Scholte BJ. ADAM17 and EGFR regulate IL-6 receptor and amphiregulin mRNA expression and release in cigarette smoke-exposed primary bronchial epithelial cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e12878. [PMID: 27561911 PMCID: PMC5002905 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), also known as TACE, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been suggested to contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these proteins in activation of primary bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI-PBEC) by whole cigarette smoke (CS), comparing cells from COPD patients with non-COPD CS exposure of ALI-PBEC enhanced ADAM17-mediated shedding of the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) and the EGFR agonist amphiregulin (AREG) toward the basolateral compartment, which was more pronounced in cells from COPD patients than in non-COPD controls. CS transiently increased IL6R and AREG mRNA in ALI-PBEC to a similar extent in cultures from both groups, suggesting that posttranslational events determine differential shedding between COPD and non-COPD cultures. We show for the first time by in situ proximity ligation (PLA) that CS strongly enhances interactions of phosphorylated ADAM17 with AREG and IL-6R in an intracellular compartment, suggesting that CS-induced intracellular trafficking events precede shedding to the extracellular compartment. Both EGFR and ADAM17 activity contribute to CS-induced IL-6R and AREG protein shedding and to mRNA expression, as demonstrated using selective inhibitors (AG1478 and TMI-2). Our data are consistent with an autocrine-positive feedback mechanism in which CS triggers shedding of EGFR agonists evoking EGFR activation, in ADAM17-dependent manner, and subsequently transduce paracrine signaling toward myeloid cells and connective tissue. Reducing ADAM17 and EGFR activity could therefore be a therapeutic approach for the tissue remodeling and inflammation observed in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Yu
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Veltman
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bob J Scholte
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Julia V, Staumont-Salle D, Dombrowicz D. [Role of fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in allergic diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:260-6. [PMID: 27011244 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163203010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis are diseases mainly resulting from the activation of Th2 cells, that produce cytokines favouring IgE production and eosinophilia but also of Th1 cells, that contribute to inflammation chronicity. Lymphocyte recruitment and retention of Th cells in target organs are 2 key events for asthma and atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. While lymphocyte migration is regulated by chemokines and lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, factors involved in lymphocyte retention and survival within inflammatory tissues remain poorly understood. Recent works show that, in allergic diseases, there is an increased expression of fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its unique receptor CX3CR1 and that this chemokine does not act as chemoattractant. In allergic asthma, CX3CR1 expression regulates Th2 and Th1 cell survival in the inflammatory lung, while, in atopic dermatitis, it regulate Th2 and Th1 cell retention into the inflammatory site. Use of peptides blocking fractalkine binding to its receptor is currently tested in the treatment of asthma and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julia
- CNRS, Inserm, université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire, 660, route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Delphine Staumont-Salle
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European genomic institute of diabetes, institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète, 59000 Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European genomic institute of diabetes, institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète, 59000 Lille, France
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18
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Nicodemus-Johnson J, Naughton KA, Sudi J, Hogarth K, Naurekas ET, Nicolae DL, Sperling AI, Solway J, White SR, Ober C. Genome-Wide Methylation Study Identifies an IL-13-induced Epigenetic Signature in Asthmatic Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:376-85. [PMID: 26474238 PMCID: PMC4803084 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201506-1243oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epigenetic changes to airway cells have been proposed as important modulators of the effects of environmental exposures on airway diseases, yet no study to date has shown epigenetic responses to exposures in the airway that correlate with disease state. The type 2 cytokine IL-13 is a key mediator of allergic airway diseases, such as asthma, and is up-regulated in response to many asthma-promoting exposures. OBJECTIVES To directly study the epigenetic response of airway epithelial cells (AECs) to IL-13 and test whether IL-13-induced epigenetic changes differ between individuals with and without asthma. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns were studied in 58 IL-13-treated and untreated primary AEC cultures and validated in freshly isolated cells of subjects with and without asthma using the Illumina Human Methylation 450K and HumanHT-12 BeadChips. IL-13-mediated comethylation modules were identified and correlated with clinical phenotypes using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-13 altered global DNA methylation patterns in cultured AECs and were significantly enriched near genes associated with asthma. Importantly, a significant proportion of this IL-13 epigenetic signature was validated in freshly isolated AECs from subjects with asthma and clustered into two distinct modules, with module 1 correlated with asthma severity and lung function and module 2 with eosinophilia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a single exposure of IL-13 may selectively induce long-lasting DNA methylation changes in asthmatic airways that alter specific AEC pathways and contribute to asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Le TTT, Karmouty-Quintana H, Melicoff E, Le TTT, Weng T, Chen NY, Pedroza M, Zhou Y, Davies J, Philip K, Molina J, Luo F, George AT, Garcia-Morales LJ, Bunge RR, Bruckner BA, Loebe M, Seethamraju H, Agarwal SK, Blackburn MR. Blockade of IL-6 Trans signaling attenuates pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:3755-68. [PMID: 25172494 PMCID: PMC4169999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease with progressive fibrosis and death within 2-3 y of diagnosis. IPF incidence and prevalence rates are increasing annually with few effective treatments available. Inhibition of IL-6 results in the attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. It is unclear whether this is due to blockade of classical signaling, mediated by membrane-bound IL-6Rα, or trans signaling, mediated by soluble IL-6Rα (sIL-6Rα). Our study assessed the role of sIL-6Rα in IPF. We demonstrated elevations of sIL-6Rα in IPF patients and in mice during the onset and progression of fibrosis. We demonstrated that protease-mediated cleavage from lung macrophages was important in production of sIL-6Rα. In vivo neutralization of sIL-6Rα attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in mice as seen by reductions in myofibroblasts, fibronectin, and collagen in the lung. In vitro activation of IL-6 trans signaling enhanced fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production, effects relevant in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the production of sIL-6Rα from macrophages in the diseased lung contributes to IL-6 trans signaling that in turn influences events crucial in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thuy T Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Thanh-Truc T Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mesias Pedroza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; Biology of Inflammation Center, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kemly Philip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jose Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Anuh T George
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Luis J Garcia-Morales
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Raquel R Bunge
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Brian A Bruckner
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; and Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Matthias Loebe
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; and Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Harish Seethamraju
- Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
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Dai S, Yin K, Yao X, Zhou L. Inhibition of interleukin-13 gene expression by triptolide in activated T lymphocytes. Respirology 2014; 18:1249-55. [PMID: 23796028 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Triptolide, a type of diterpenoid, is the active compound of Tripterygium wilfordii; it plays roles in anti-inflammatory and immune response regulation. Our objective was to investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of triptolide on interleukin-13 (IL-13) gene expression in activated T lymphocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which triptolide exerts a therapeutic function may be useful in developing a pharmaceutical treatment for asthma. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Hut-78 cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 with or without co-incubation with triptolide. The alteration of IL-13 messenger RNA (mRNA), expression and protein level were analysed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The intracellular distribution profile of transcription factor GATA3 and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT1) were analysed by Western blotting. The binding rates of GATA3 and NFAT1 to the promoter sequence of IL-13 were analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) PCR. RESULTS In PBMC, the release of IL-13 was dependent on anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. Its release could be inhibited by triptolide at the concentration of 500 nmol. In Hut-78 cells, IL-13 mRNA and protein expression were increased with anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation and significantly inhibited by incubation with 28 nmol triptolide. This concentration of triptolide also significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of GATA3 and NFAT1 reducing the binding rate to the IL-13 gene promoter. CONCLUSIONS Triptolide inhibits IL-13 gene transcription and protein expression by inhibiting GATA3 and NFAT1 nuclear translocation and their binding rates to the IL-13 gene promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Dai
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Singh B, Coffey RJ. From wavy hair to naked proteins: the role of transforming growth factor alpha in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:12-21. [PMID: 24631356 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1978 and cloning in 1984, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α, TGFA) has been one of the most extensively studied EGF receptor (EGFR) ligands. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on TGFA-related studies, highlighting what we consider important advances related to its function in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuminder Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Belcastro V, Poussin C, Gebel S, Mathis C, Schlage WK, Lichtner RB, Quadt-Humme S, Wagner S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Systematic verification of upstream regulators of a computable cellular proliferation network model on non-diseased lung cells using a dedicated dataset. Bioinform Biol Insights 2013; 7:217-30. [PMID: 23926424 PMCID: PMC3733638 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently constructed a computable cell proliferation network (CPN) model focused on lung tissue to unravel complex biological processes and their exposure-related perturbations from molecular profiling data. The CPN consists of edges and nodes representing upstream controllers of gene expression largely generated from transcriptomics datasets using Reverse Causal Reasoning (RCR). Here, we report an approach to biologically verify the correctness of upstream controller nodes using a specifically designed, independent lung cell proliferation dataset. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were arrested at G1/S with a cell cycle inhibitor. Gene expression changes and cell proliferation were captured at different time points after release from inhibition. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated cell cycle response specificity via an overrepresentation of proliferation related gene sets. Coverage analysis of RCR-derived hypotheses returned statistical significance for cell cycle response specificity across the whole model as well as for the Growth Factor and Cell Cycle sub-network models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Belcastro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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CCL17/thymus and activation-regulated chemokine induces calcitonin gene-related peptide in human airway epithelial cells through CCR4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:942-50.e1-3. [PMID: 23731651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent arterial and venous vasodilator. Increased airway epithelial cell expression of CGRP, together with increased CCL17 expression, was previously observed in a model of provoked asthma in atopic human subjects. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether CCL17 induces CCR4-dependent CGRP synthesis and secretion by human airway epithelial cells. METHODS Human airway epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549) and human primary airway cells were cultured with CCL17 or various other cytokines, and CGRP expression was measured by using RT-PCR, quantitative immunofluorescence, and enzyme immunoassay. CCR4 expression was determined in cultured cells by using flow cytometry and in bronchial biopsy specimens by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CCL17 induced a several thousand-fold increase in CGRP mRNA expression and released peptide product from BEAS-2B and A549 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Concentration-dependent CCL17-induced release of CGRP by primary human airway epithelial cells was also observed. Under comparable conditions, CCL17 induced greater CGRP release from BEAS-2B cells than either IL-13, a cytokine mixture (TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IL-1), or CCL22. CCR4 was expressed by BEAS-2B and A549 cells and internalized after ligation with CCL17. CCL17-induced CGRP release was inhibited by a specific anti-CCR4 blocking antibody. Bronchial biopsy specimens obtained from healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients before and after provoked asthma all exhibited CCR4 staining of equivalent intensity, indicating that the receptor is constitutively expressed. CONCLUSIONS CCL17-induced, CCR4-dependent release of CGRP by human airway epithelial cells represents a novel inflammatory pathway and a possible target in patients with asthma and allergic disease.
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Mathis C, Poussin C, Weisensee D, Gebel S, Hengstermann A, Sewer A, Belcastro V, Xiang Y, Ansari S, Wagner S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Human bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to cigarette smoke at the air-liquid interface resemble bronchial epithelium from human smokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L489-503. [PMID: 23355383 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00181.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic culture of human primary bronchial epithelial cells is a useful in vitro system to study normal biological processes and lung disease mechanisms, to develop new therapies, and to assess the biological perturbations induced by environmental pollutants. Herein, we investigate whether the perturbations induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and observed in the epithelium of smokers' airways are reproducible in this in vitro system (AIR-100 tissue), which has been shown to recapitulate most of the characteristics of the human bronchial epithelium. Human AIR-100 tissues were exposed to mainstream CS for 7, 14, 21, or 28 min at the air-liquid interface, and we investigated various biological endpoints [e.g., gene expression and microRNA profiles, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) release] at multiple postexposure time points (0.5, 2, 4, 24, 48 h). By performing a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we observed a significant enrichment of human smokers' bronchial epithelium gene signatures derived from different public transcriptomics datasets in CS-exposed AIR-100 tissue. Comparison of in vitro microRNA profiles with microRNA data from healthy smokers highlighted various highly translatable microRNAs associated with inflammation or with cell cycle processes that are known to be perturbed by CS in lung tissue. We also found a dose-dependent increase of MMP-1 release by AIR-100 tissue 48 h after CS exposure in agreement with the known effect of CS on this collagenase expression in smokers' tissues. In conclusion, a similar biological perturbation than the one observed in vivo in smokers' airway epithelium could be induced after a single CS exposure of a human organotypic bronchial epithelium-like tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Product SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Huang S, Wiszniewski L, Constant S, Roggen E. Potential of in vitro reconstituted 3D human airway epithelia (MucilAir™) to assess respiratory sensitizers. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:1151-6. [PMID: 23089132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory sensitizers are considered as substances of higher risk, at the same level as carcinogens, mutagens and toxic chemicals for reproduction. Presently, there is no validated assay for identifying the respiratory sensitizers. Based on a fully differentiated and functional in vitro cell model of the human airway epithelium, MucilAir™, we attempt to develop such assay. To this end, we invented a novel method, using Dextran as carrier, for applying the water insoluble chemicals to the apical surface of the airway epithelia. Using the Dextran carrier method, we successfully tested some reference chemical compounds known to cause respiratory sensitisation in human beings, including MDI, TMA and HCPt. Interestingly, these chemical sensitizers differentially up-regulated the releases of certain cytokines and chemokines involved in allergic responses. We believe that based on MucilAir™ an in vitro assay could be developed for identification and characterization of the respiratory sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, 14 chemin des aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
Allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are two allergic diseases that are primarily driven by the activation of T helper (Th)2 cells. Th2 cells produce cytokines that directly contribute to the symptoms of these diseases. The recruitment and maintenance of Th2 cells into the target tissues are two key events in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and AD. While migration is mediated by both chemokines and lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, very little is known about the molecules involved in lymphocyte survival and maintenance in inflamed tissues. However, chemokines could also play a role in this phenomenon. An example of this could be illustrated by CX3CL1, also known as fractalkine. CX3CL1 is a chemokine that is upregulated in some inflammatory diseases including allergic pathologies and that was recently demonstrated to provide a survival signal upon binding to its unique receptor CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Julia
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Valbonne; France
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27
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Ingram JL, Kraft M. IL-13 in asthma and allergic disease: asthma phenotypes and targeted therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:829-42; quiz 843-4. [PMID: 22951057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research in animal models have provided abundant evidence to show that IL-13 is a key T(H)2 cytokine that directs many of the important features of airway inflammation and remodeling in patients with allergic asthma. Several promising focused therapies for asthma that target the IL-13/IL-4/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathway are in development, including anti-IL-13 mAbs and IL-4 receptor antagonists. The efficacy of these new potential asthma therapies depends on the responsiveness of patients. However, an understanding of how IL-13-directed therapies might benefit asthmatic patients is confounded by the complex heterogeneity of the disease. Recent efforts to classify subphenotypes of asthma have focused on sputum cellular inflammation profiles, as well as cluster analyses of clinical variables and molecular and genetic signatures. Researchers and clinicians can now evaluate biomarkers of T(H)2-driven airway inflammation in asthmatic patients, such as serum IgE levels, sputum eosinophil counts, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels, and serum periostin levels, to aid decision making in clinical trials and drug development and to identify subsets of patients who might benefit from therapies. Although it is unlikely that these therapies will benefit all asthmatic patients with this heterogeneous disease, advances in understanding asthma subphenotypes in relation to clinical variables and T(H)2 cytokine responses offer the opportunity to improve the efficacy and safety of proposed therapies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ingram
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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28
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Wu Q, Jiang D, Smith S, Thaikoottathil J, Martin RJ, Bowler RP, Chu HW. IL-13 dampens human airway epithelial innate immunity through induction of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:825-833.e2. [PMID: 22154382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired airway mucosal immunity can contribute to increased respiratory tract infections in asthmatic patients, but the involved molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Airway epithelial cells serve as the first line of respiratory mucosal defense to eliminate inhaled pathogens through various mechanisms, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. Our previous studies suggest that impaired TLR2 function in T(H)2 cytokine-exposed airways might decrease immune responses to pathogens and subsequently exacerbate allergic inflammation. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) negatively regulates TLR signaling. However, IRAK-M expression in airway epithelium from asthmatic patients and its functions under a T(H)2 cytokine milieu remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the role of IRAK-M in IL-13-inhibited TLR2 signaling in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS We examined IRAK-M protein expression in epithelia from asthmatic patients versus that in normal airway epithelia. Moreover, IRAK-M regulation and function in modulating innate immunity (eg, TLR2 signaling) were investigated in cultured human airway epithelial cells with or without IL-13 stimulation. RESULTS IRAK-M protein levels were increased in asthmatic airway epithelium. Furthermore, in primary human airway epithelial cells, IL-13 consistently upregulated IRAK-M expression, largely through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Specifically, phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation led to c-Jun binding to human IRAK-M gene promoter and IRAK-M upregulation. Functionally, IL-13-induced IRAK-M suppressed airway epithelial TLR2 signaling activation (eg, TLR2 and human β-defensin 2), partly through inhibiting activation of nuclear factor κB. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that epithelial IRAK-M overexpression in T(H)2 cytokine-exposed airways inhibits TLR2 signaling, providing a novel mechanism for the increased susceptibility of infections in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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29
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Kawashima R, Kawamura YI, Oshio T, Son A, Yamazaki M, Hagiwara T, Okada T, Inagaki-Ohara K, Wu P, Szak S, Kawamura YJ, Konishi F, Miyake O, Yano H, Saito Y, Burkly LC, Dohi T. Interleukin-13 damages intestinal mucosa via TWEAK and Fn14 in mice-a pathway associated with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:2119-2129.e8. [PMID: 21893119 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS TWEAK, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, promotes intestinal epithelial cell injury and signals through the receptor Fn14 following irradiation-induced tissue damage and during development of colitis in mice. Interleukin (IL)-13, an effector of tissue damage in similar models, has been associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated interactions between TWEAK and IL-13 following mucosal damage in mice. METHODS We compared patterns of gene expression in intestinal tissues from wild-type and TWEAK knockout mice following γ-irradiation. Intestinal explants from these mice were used to detect cell damage induced by IL-13 and TNF-α. Levels of messenger RNA for IL-13, TWEAK, and Fn14 were measured in mucosal samples from patients with UC. RESULTS Based on gene expression analysis, TWEAK mediates γ-irradiation-induced epithelial cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, TWEAK alone did not induce damage or apoptosis of primary intestinal epithelial cells. On the other hand, exogenous IL-13 activated caspase-3 in naïve intestinal explants; this process required TWEAK, Fn14, and secretion of endogenous TNF-α which was mediated by ADAM17. Conversely, activation of caspase by exogenous TNF-α required IL-13, TWEAK, and Fn14. In mucosa from patients with UC, messenger RNA levels of IL-13, TWEAK, and Fn14 increased with level of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS IL-13-induced damage of intestinal epithelial cells requires TWEAK, its receptor (Fn14), and TNF-α. IL-13, TNF-α, TWEAK, and Fn14 could perpetuate and aggravate intestinal inflammation in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Taniguchi K, Yamamoto S, Aoki S, Toda S, Izuhara K, Hamasaki Y. Epigen is induced during the interleukin-13-stimulated cell proliferation in murine primary airway epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:461-70. [PMID: 21867383 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.596894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodeling in bronchial asthma is characterized by epithelial detachment and proliferation, subepithelial fibrosis, increased smooth muscle mass, and goblet cell hyperplasia. These features are mediated by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines including interleukin (IL)-13. However, the direct effects of IL-13 on the functions of airway epithelial cells are not fully understood. Murine primary airway epithelial (MPAE) cells were cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system. AG1478, a specific inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, was used to examine whether EGFR was involved in the IL-13-stimulated proliferation of MPAE cells. The expressions of EGFR ligands were investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses. The cell counting in cross-sections and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays revealed a significant increase in the number of MPAE cells cultured with IL-13 compared with a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. AG1478 abolished the IL-13-stimulated proliferation of MPAE cells. The expression of epigen, one of the EGFR ligands, was enhanced in MPAE cells cultured with IL-13. The findings suggest that EGFR is involved in the IL-13-stimulated proliferation of MPAE cells, and that epigen is important for the proliferation process in airway remodeling.
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The tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT is a target for asthmatic airway remodeling. Nat Med 2011; 17:596-603. [PMID: 21499267 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic asthma show a progressive decline in lung function that is thought to be due to structural remodeling of the airways characterized by subepithelial fibrosis and smooth muscle hyperplasia. Here we show that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member LIGHT is expressed on lung inflammatory cells after allergen exposure. Pharmacological inhibition of LIGHT using a fusion protein between the IgG Fc domain and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) reduces lung fibrosis, smooth muscle hyperplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of chronic asthma, despite having little effect on airway eosinophilia. LIGHT-deficient mice also show a similar impairment in fibrosis and smooth muscle accumulation. Blockade of LIGHT suppresses expression of lung transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), cytokines implicated in remodeling in humans, whereas exogenous administration of LIGHT to the airways induces fibrosis and smooth muscle hyperplasia, Thus, LIGHT may be targeted to prevent asthma-related airway remodeling.
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Dvorak A, Tilley AE, Shaykhiev R, Wang R, Crystal RG. Do airway epithelium air-liquid cultures represent the in vivo airway epithelium transcriptome? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:465-73. [PMID: 20525805 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0453oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human airway epithelial cells cultured in vitro at the air-liquid interface (ALI) form a pseudostratified epithelium that forms tight junctions and cilia, and produces mucin. These cells are widely used in models of differentiation, injury, and repair. To assess how closely the transcriptome of ALI epithelium matches that of in vivo airway epithelial cells, we used microarrays to compare the transcriptome of human large airway epithelial cells cultured at the ALI with the transcriptome of large airway epithelium obtained via bronchoscopy and brushing. Gene expression profiling showed that global gene expression correlated well between ALI cells and brushed cells, but with some differences. Gene expression patterns mirrored differences in proportions of cell types (ALIs have higher percentages of basal cells, whereas brushed cells have higher percentages of ciliated cells), that is, ALI cells expressed higher levels of basal cell-related genes, and brushed cells expressed higher levels of cilia-related genes. Pathway analysis showed that ALI cells had increased expression of cell cycle and proliferation genes, whereas brushed cells had increased expression of cytoskeletal organization and humoral immune response genes. Overall, ALI cells provide a good representation of the in vivo airway epithelial transcriptome, but for some biologic questions, the differences between in vitro and in vivo environments need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dvorak
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Air–Liquid Interface Culture of Nasal Epithelial Cells on Denuded Amniotic Membranes. Cell Mol Bioeng 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-010-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Paulissen G, Rocks N, Gueders MM, Crahay C, Quesada-Calvo F, Bekaert S, Hacha J, El Hour M, Foidart JM, Noel A, Cataldo DD. Role of ADAM and ADAMTS metalloproteinases in airway diseases. Respir Res 2009; 10:127. [PMID: 20034386 PMCID: PMC2805617 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lungs are exposed to the outside environment and therefore to toxic and infectious agents or allergens. This may lead to permanent activation of innate immune response elements. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with Thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) are proteinases closely related to Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). These multifaceted molecules bear metalloproteinase and disintegrin domains endowing them with features of both proteinases and adhesion molecules. Proteinases of the ADAM family are associated to various physiological and pathological processes and display a wide spectrum of biological effects encompassing cell fusion, cell adhesion, "shedding process", cleavage of various substrates from the extracellular matrix, growth factors or cytokines... This review will focus on the putative roles of ADAM/ADAMTS proteinases in airway diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Paulissen
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée- GIGA, University of Liège and CHU of Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
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Liang H, Li Z, Xue L, Jiang X, Liu F. SUMF2 interacts with interleukin-13 and inhibits interleukin-13 secretion in bronchial smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:1076-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Boots AW, Hristova M, Kasahara DI, Haenen GRMM, Bast A, van der Vliet A. ATP-mediated activation of the NADPH oxidase DUOX1 mediates airway epithelial responses to bacterial stimuli. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:17858-67. [PMID: 19386603 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809761200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NADPH oxidase homolog dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) within the airway epithelium represents a key mechanism of innate airway host defense, through enhanced production of H2O2, which mediates cellular signaling pathways that regulate the production of various inflammatory mediators. Production of the CXC chemokine interleukin (IL)-8/CXCL8 forms a common epithelial response to many diverse stimuli, including bacterial and viral triggers, environmental oxidants, and other biological mediators, suggesting the potential involvement of a common signaling pathway that may involve DUOX1-dependent H2O2 production. Following previous reports showing that DUOX1 is activated by extracellular ATP and purinergic receptor stimulation, this study demonstrates that airway epithelial IL-8 production in response to several bacterial stimuli involves ATP release and DUOX1 activation. ATP-mediated DUOX1 activation resulted in the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB pathways, which was associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand shedding by ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17). Although ATP-mediated ADAM17 activation and IL-8 release were not prevented by extracellular H2O2 scavenging by catalase, these responses were attenuated by intracellular scavengers of H2O2 or related oxidants, suggesting an intracellular redox signaling mechanism. Both ADAM17 activation and IL-8 release were suppressed by inhibitors of EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling, which can regulate ADAM17 activity by serine/threonine phosphorylation. Collectively, our results indicate that ATP-mediated DUOX1 activation represents a common response mechanism to several environmental stimuli, involving H2O2-dependent EGFR/ERK activation, ADAM17 activation, and EGFR ligand shedding, leading to amplified epithelial EGFR activation and IL-8 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes W Boots
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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Singhera GK, MacRedmond R, Dorscheid DR. Interleukin-9 and -13 inhibit spontaneous and corticosteroid induced apoptosis of normal airway epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2009; 34:579-98. [PMID: 19005922 DOI: 10.1080/01902140802369372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the target of physical and allergic insults. The resulting inflammatory signals from Th2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-13 have pleiotropic activities and have been implicated in airway remodeling in asthmatics. The objective of this study was to determine the role of IL-9 and IL-13 in the regulation of normal airway epithelial cell death and epithelial repair. In a cell culture model, a normal human airway epithelial cell line and primary airway epithelial cells were treated with IL-9 or IL-13 alone and in combination. Apoptosis was determined by multiple techniques, including enrichment of nucleosomes released into the cytoplasm, mitochondrial membrane polarity perturbation, cytosolic cytochrome c released and the detection of cleaved p85-poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). Proliferation was quantified by BrdU incorporation. IL-9 and IL-13 treatment, alone and in combination, resulted in a significant reduction in spontaneous airway epithelial cell apoptosis when compared to controls. The cytoprotective effect of IL-9 was associated with up-regulation of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2. IL-13 also demonstrated coordinate pro-proliferative activity .Dexamethasone induces apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. Coincubation with IL-9 or IL-13 was protective against this corticosteroid-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bcl-2. These data demonstrate that IL-9 and IL-13 may be critical to normal cellular homeostasis in the setting of airway epithelial injury. A dysregulated response to these cytokines may contribute to airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet K Singhera
- Providence Healthcare Heart, Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hartl D, He CH, Koller B, Da Silva CA, Homer R, Lee CG, Elias JA. Acidic mammalian chitinase is secreted via an ADAM17/epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent pathway and stimulates chemokine production by pulmonary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:33472-82. [PMID: 18824549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805574200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is expressed in an exaggerated fashion in epithelial cells at sites of pulmonary T helper cell type 2 inflammation and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of anti-parasite and asthma-like responses. However, the mechanisms that control epithelial cell AMCase secretion and its effector responses have not been adequately defined. To address these issues, we used in vivo and in vitro experimental systems to define the pathways of epithelial AMCase secretion and its epithelial regulatory effects. Here we demonstrate that, in murine T helper cell type 2 modeling systems, AMCase colocalizes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ADAM17 (a membrane disintegrin and metallopeptidase 17) in lung epithelial cells. In vitro cotransfection experiments in A549 cells demonstrated that AMCase and EGFR physically interact with each other. Cotransfection of AMCase and EGFR also increased, whereas EGFR inhibition decreased AMCase secretion. Interestingly, AMCase secretion was not significantly altered by treatment with EGF but was significantly decreased when the upstream EGFR transactivator ADAM17 was inhibited. AMCase secretion was also decreased when the EGFR-downstream Ras was blocked. Transfected and recombinant AMCase induced epithelial cell production of CCL2, CCL17, and CXCL8. These studies demonstrate that lung epithelial cells secrete AMCase via an EGFR-dependent pathway that is activated by ADAM17 and mediates its effects via Ras. They also demonstrate that the AMCase that is secreted feeds back in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to stimulate pulmonary epithelial cell chemokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hartl
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8057, USA
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. Expression of TGFalpha is highly regulated in response to exogenous cellular signals including cytokines and other growth factors. The growth factor has been found to be indispensable for proper development of many tissues and organs. TGFalpha has also been implicated in numerous disease states including forms of breast cancer. This minireview summarizes the basic biology of TGFalpha and its actions during normal and pathogenic development of the mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Booth
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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