1
|
Barrit T, Campion C, Aligon S, Bourbeillon J, Rousseau D, Planchet E, Teulat B. A new in vitro monitoring system reveals a specific influence of Arabidopsis nitrogen nutrition on its susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola at the seedling stage. Plant Methods 2022; 18:131. [PMID: 36482365 PMCID: PMC9733346 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seedling growth is an early phase of plant development highly susceptible to environmental factors such as soil nitrogen (N) availability or presence of seed-borne pathogens. Whereas N plays a central role in plant-pathogen interactions, its role has never been studied during this early phase for the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Alternaria brassicicola, a seed-transmitted necrotrophic fungus. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro monitoring system allowing to study the impact of the fungus on A. thaliana seedling growth, while modulating N nutrition. RESULTS The developed system consists of square plates placed vertically and filled with nutrient agar medium allowing modulation of N conditions. Seeds are inoculated after sowing by depositing a droplet of conidial suspension. A specific semi-automated image analysis pipeline based on the Ilastik software was developed to quantify the impact of the fungus on seedling aerial development, calculating an index accounting for every aspect of fungal impact, namely seedling death, necrosis and developmental delay. The system also permits to monitor root elongation. The interest of the system was then confirmed by characterising how N media composition [0.1 and 5 mM of nitrate (NO3-), 5 mM of ammonium (NH4+)] affects the impact of the fungus on three A. thaliana ecotypes. Seedling development was strongly and negatively affected by the fungus. However, seedlings grown with 5 mM NO3- were less susceptible than those grown with NH4+ or 0.1 mM NO3-, which differed from what was observed with adult plants (rosette stage). CONCLUSIONS The developed monitoring system allows accurate determination of seedling growth characteristics (both on aerial and root parts) and symptoms. Altogether, this system could be used to study the impact of plant nutrition on susceptibility of various genotypes to fungi at the seedling stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Barrit
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Claire Campion
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Julie Bourbeillon
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - David Rousseau
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Elisabeth Planchet
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Teulat
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stroud EA, Jayaraman J, Templeton MD, Rikkerink EHA. Comparison of the pathway structures influencing the temporal response of salicylate and jasmonate defence hormones in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:952301. [PMID: 36160984 PMCID: PMC9504473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defence phytohormone pathways evolved to recognize and counter multiple stressors within the environment. Salicylic acid responsive pathways regulate the defence response to biotrophic pathogens whilst responses to necrotrophic pathogens, herbivory, and wounding are regulated via jasmonic acid pathways. Despite their contrasting roles in planta, the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid defence networks share a common architecture, progressing from stages of biosynthesis, to modification, regulation, and response. The unique structure, components, and regulation of each stage of the defence networks likely contributes, in part, to the speed, establishment, and longevity of the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in response to hormone treatment and various biotic stressors. Recent advancements in the understanding of the Arabidopsis thaliana salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways are reviewed here, with a focus on how the structure of the pathways may be influencing the temporal regulation of the defence responses, and how biotic stressors and the many roles of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in planta may have shaped the evolution of the signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Stroud
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jay Jayaraman
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Matthew D. Templeton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Erik H. A. Rikkerink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv P, Zhang C, Xie P, Yang X, El-Sheikh MA, Hefft DI, Ahmad P, Zhao T, Bhat JA. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the Chitinase Gene Family in Response to White Mold and Drought Stress in Soybean (Glycine max). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091340. [PMID: 36143377 PMCID: PMC9504482 DOI: 10.3390/life12091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of chitin that are present on the cell wall of fungal pathogens. Here, we identified and characterized the chitinase gene family in cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) across the whole genome. A total of 38 chitinase genes were identified in the whole genome of soybean. Phylogenetic analysis of these chitinases classified them into five separate clusters, I–V. From a broader view, the I–V classes of chitinases are basically divided into two mega-groups (X and Y), and these two big groups have evolved independently. In addition, the chitinases were unevenly and randomly distributed in 17 of the total 20 chromosomes of soybean, and the majority of these chitinase genes contained few introns (≤2). Synteny and duplication analysis showed the major role of tandem duplication in the expansion of the chitinase gene family in soybean. Promoter analysis identified multiple cis-regulatory elements involved in the biotic and abiotic stress response in the upstream regions (1.5 kb) of chitinase genes. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that pathogenic and drought stress treatment significantly induces the up-regulation of chitinase genes belonging to specific classes at different time intervals, which further verifies their function in the plant stress response. Hence, both in silico and qRT-PCR analysis revealed the important role of the chitinases in multiple plant defense responses. However, there is a need for extensive research efforts to elucidate the detailed function of chitinase in various plant stresses. In conclusion, our investigation is a detailed and systematic report of whole genome characterization of the chitinase family in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Lv
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunting Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Xie
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- School of Chemical Engineering, Edgbaston Campus, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (T.Z.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (T.Z.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (T.Z.); (J.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O'Hara NB, Franks SJ, Kane NC, Tittes S, Rest JS. Evolution of pathogen response genes associated with increased disease susceptibility during adaptation to an extreme drought in a Brassica rapa plant population. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:61. [PMID: 33882815 PMCID: PMC8060997 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogens are key components in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the underlying genetic basis of this evolution. To address this, we took advantage of a historical seed collection of a Brassica rapa population, which we previously demonstrated evolved an increase in disease susceptibility to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen following a drought. Results Previously, we combined a resurrection experiment with genome-wide sequencing of 124 pooled ancestral and descendant plants. Here, using these previously generated sequence data (Franks et al. in Mol Ecol 25(15):3622–3631, 2016), we show that well-characterized necrotrophic fungal pathogen response (NFPR) genes have evolved, as indicated by changes in allele frequency, between ancestors and descendants, with several of them identified as extreme FST outliers. The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in particular seems to underlie the evolution of disease susceptibility, in addition to its well characterized role in plastic disease response. We identify a list of 260 genes that are both NFPR genes and are differentially expressed in response to drought, based on publicly available data. We present evidence that five of these genes evolved between ancestors and descendants, suggesting that the drought acted as the evolutionary driver, and that the accompanying increase in disease susceptibility may have been a consequence of genetic pleiotropy. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that for this population, standing variation in NFPR genes is affected by natural selection related to climate change. Our results reveal potentially important candidates that may underlie trait evolution in both crops and natural systems. Additionally, this trade-off between adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is an example of how climate change can have diverse and unexpected consequences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01789-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh B O'Hara
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY, 10011, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA. .,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Silas Tittes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Joshua S Rest
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barco B, Kim Y, Clay NK. Expansion of a core regulon by transposable elements promotes Arabidopsis chemical diversity and pathogen defense. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3444. [PMID: 31371717 PMCID: PMC6671987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants synthesize numerous ecologically specialized, lineage-specific metabolites through biosynthetic gene duplication and functional specialization. However, it remains unclear how duplicated genes are wired into existing regulatory networks. We show that the duplicated gene CYP82C2 has been recruited into the WRKY33 regulon and indole-3-carbonylnitrile (ICN) biosynthetic pathway through exaptation of a retroduplicated LINE retrotransposon (EPCOT3) into an enhancer. The stepwise development of a chromatin-accessible WRKY33-binding site on EPCOT3 has potentiated the regulatory neofunctionalization of CYP82C2 and the evolution of inducible defense metabolite 4-hydroxy-ICN in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although transposable elements (TEs) have long been recognized to have the potential to rewire regulatory networks, these results establish a more complete understanding of how duplicated genes and TEs contribute in concert to chemical diversity and pathogen defense. Arabidopsis plants can produce 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonitrile (4OH-ICN) upon pathogen infection. Here, the authors show that EPCOT3, a retrotransposonderived enhancer, mediates WRKY33-binding, pathogen-responsive transcription of CYP82C2, and synthesis of 4OH-ICN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Barco
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Kline Biology Tower 734, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27703, USA.
| | - Yoseph Kim
- Hopkins School, 986 Forest Road, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA
| | - Nicole K Clay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Kline Biology Tower 734, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mir ZA, Ali S, Shivaraj SM, Bhat JA, Singh A, Yadav P, Rawat S, Paplao PK, Grover A. Genome-wide identification and characterization of Chitinase gene family in Brassica juncea and Camelina sativa in response to Alternaria brassicae. Genomics 2019; 112:749-763. [PMID: 31095998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases belong to the group of Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that provides protection against fungal pathogens. This study presents the, genome-wide identification and characterization of chitinase gene family in two important oilseed crops B. juncea and C. sativa belonging to family Brassicaceae. We have identified 47 and 79 chitinase genes in the genomes of B. juncea and C. sativa, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of chitinases in both the species revealed four distinct sub-groups, representing different classes of chitinases (I-V). Microscopic and biochemical study reveals the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes in disease resistance of B. juncea and C. sativa. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression of chitinases in both B. juncea and C. sativa was significantly induced after Alternaria brassicae infection. However, the fold change in chitinase gene expression was considerably higher in C. sativa compared to B. juncea, which further proves their role in C. sativa disease resistance to A. brassicae. This study provides comprehensive analysis on chitinase gene family in B. juncea and C. sativa and in future may serve as a potential candidate for improving disease resistance in B. juncea through transgenic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, NRCPB, New Delhi, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, NRCPB, New Delhi, India; Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Apekshita Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, India
| | - Prashant Yadav
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, NRCPB, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Rawat
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, NRCPB, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anita Grover
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, NRCPB, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajarammohan S, Pradhan AK, Pental D, Kaur J. Genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis identifies novel genes underlying quantitative disease resistance to Alternaria brassicae. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1719-1732. [PMID: 29271603 PMCID: PMC6638106 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is the predominant form of resistance against necrotrophic pathogens. The genes and mechanisms underlying QDR are not well known. In the current study, the Arabidopsis-Alternaria brassicae pathosystem was used to uncover the genetic architecture underlying resistance to A. brassicae in a set of geographically diverse Arabidopsis accessions. Arabidopsis accessions revealed a rich variation in the host responses to the pathogen, varying from complete resistance to high susceptibility. Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping revealed multiple regions to be associated with disease resistance. A subset of genes prioritized on the basis of gene annotations and evidence of transcriptional regulation in other biotic stresses was analysed using a reverse genetics approach employing T-DNA insertion mutants. The mutants of three genes, namely At1g06990 (GDSL-motif lipase), At3g25180 (CYP82G1) and At5g37500 (GORK), displayed an enhanced susceptibility relative to the wild-type. These genes are involved in the development of morphological phenotypes (stomatal aperture) and secondary metabolite synthesis, thus defining some of the diverse facets of quantitative resistance against A. brassicae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshay Kumar Pradhan
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop PlantsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
| | - Deepak Pental
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop PlantsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
| | - Jagreet Kaur
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chandrashekar N, Ali S, Grover A. Exploring expression patterns of PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, and PR-12 like genes in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Alternaria brassicae inoculation. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:230. [PMID: 29719772 PMCID: PMC5924429 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we systematically examined the expression patterns of pathogenesis-related genes in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana after Alternaria brassicae inoculation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Based on the results, none of the PR-1 and PR-2 like genes were induced significantly in the unwounded local or distal leaves upon A. brassicae challenge. However, only At2g14580 of the PR-1like gene showed a significant expression in wounded leave after Alternaria challenge but not in control; confirming its expression in response to A. brassicae was aided by the wounding. Among PR-3 like genes, At2g43590 showed local early expression and other PR-3 like genes showed significant distal expression after A. brassicae infection only in unwounded but not in wounded leaf samples. Although all the three PR-12 like genes were induced in local tissues, At2g26020 was the only gene showed significant induction locally as well as systemically after pathogen infection in the both with and without wounding experiments. Therefore, among the PR-1, PR-2, PR-3 and PR-12 like genes studied, At2g26020 can be the most promising candidate for the further line of research, viz, molecular characterization of its promoter to develop pathogen-inducible promoter in response to Alternaria and to develop fungus-resistant transgenics in Brassica juncea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Chandrashekar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010 India
| | - Sajad Ali
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Anita Grover
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mandal S, Rajarammohan S, Kaur J. Alternaria brassicae interactions with the model Brassicaceae member Arabidopsis thaliana closely resembles those with Mustard ( Brassica juncea). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2018; 24:51-59. [PMID: 29398838 PMCID: PMC5787117 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria leaf blight, a disease of oilseed Brassicas is caused by a necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicae. The details of its pathogenesis and defence responses elicited in the host upon infection have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, Arabidopsis accession Gre-0 was identified to be highly susceptible to A. brassicae. A comparative histopathological analysis for disease progression and plant responses to A. brassicae in Arabidopsis and Brassica juncea revealed significant similarities between the two compatible pathosystems. Interestingly, in both the compatible hosts, ROS accumulation, cell death and callose deposition correlated with the development of the disease. Based on our results we propose that Arabidopsis-Alternaria brassicae can be an apt model pathosystem since it emulates the dynamics of the pathogen interaction with its natural host- Brassicas. The existing genetic diversity in Arabidopsis can be a starting point to screen for variation in responses to Alternaria leaf blight. Furthermore, several tools available for Arabidopsis can facilitate the dissection of genetic and molecular basis of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | | | - Jagreet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pathak RK, Baunthiyal M, Pandey N, Pandey D, Kumar A. Modeling of the jasmonate signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana with respect to pathophysiology of Alternaria blight in Brassica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16790. [PMID: 29196636 PMCID: PMC5711873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The productivity of Oilseed Brassica, one of the economically important crops of India, is seriously affected by the disease, Alternaria blight. The disease is mainly caused by two major necrotrophic fungi, Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola which are responsible for significant yield losses. Till date, no resistant source is available against Alternaria blight, hence plant breeding methods can not be used to develop disease resistant varieties. Jasmonate mediated signalling pathway, which is known to play crucial role during defense response against necrotrophs, could be strengthened in Brassica plants to combat the disease. Since scanty information is available in Brassica-Alternaria pathosystems at molecular level therefore, in the present study efforts have been made to model jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana to simulate the dynamic behaviour of molecular species in the model. Besides, the developed model was also analyzed topologically for investigation of the hubs node. COI1 is identified as one of the promising candidate genes in response to Alternaria and other linked components of plant defense mechanisms against the pathogens. The findings from present study are therefore informative for understanding the molecular basis of pathophysiology and rational management of Alternaria blight for securing food and nutritional security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, 246194, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, 246194, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Neetesh Pandey
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Czarnecki O, Chourey K, Yang J, Tuskan GA, Hurst GB, Pan C, Chen JG. Strigolactone-Regulated Proteins Revealed by iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics in Arabidopsis. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1359-72. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400925t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Graduate
School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, F337 Walters Life Science, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhadauria V, Bett KE, Zhou T, Vandenberg A, Wei Y, Banniza S. Identification of Lens culinaris defense genes responsive to the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum. BMC Genet 2013; 14:31. [PMID: 23631759 PMCID: PMC3666911 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracnose of lentil, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum is a serious threat to lentil production in western Canada. Colletotrichum truncatum employs a bi-phasic infection strategy characterized by initial symptomless biotrophic and subsequent destructive necrotrophic colonization of its host. The transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy (known as the biotrophy-necrotrophy switch [BNS]) is critical in anthracnose development. Understanding plant responses during the BNS is the key to designing a strategy for incorporating resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens either via introgression of resistance genes or quantitative trait loci contributing to host defense into elite cultivars, or via incorporation of resistance by biotechnological means. Results The in planta BNS of C. truncatum was determined by histochemical analysis of infected lentil leaf tissues in time-course experiments. A total of 2852 lentil expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from C. truncatum-infected leaf tissues were analyzed to catalogue defense related genes. These ESTs could be assembled into 1682 unigenes. Of these, 101 unigenes encoded membrane and transport associated proteins, 159 encoded proteins implicated in signal transduction and 387 were predicted to be stress and defense related proteins (GenBank accessions: JG293480 to JG293479). The most abundant class of defense related proteins contained pathogenesis related proteins (encoded by 125 ESTs) followed by heat shock proteins, glutathione S-transferase, protein kinases, protein phosphatase, zinc finger proteins, peroxidase, GTP binding proteins, resistance proteins and syringolide-induced proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR was conducted to compare the expression of two resistance genes of the NBS-LRR class in susceptible and partially resistant genotypes. One (contig186) was induced 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) in a susceptible host genotype (Eston) whereas the mRNA level of another ( LT21-1990) peaked 4 dpi in a partially resistant host genotype (Robin), suggesting roles in conditioning the susceptibility and conferring tolerance to the pathogen, respectively. Conclusions Data obtained in this study suggest that lentil cells recognize C. truncatum at the BNS and in response, mount an inducible defense as evident by a high number of transcripts (23% of the total pathogen-responsive lentil transcriptome) encoding defense related proteins. Temporal expression polymorphism of defense related genes could be used to distinguish the response of a lentil genotype as susceptible or resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Bhadauria
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Su’udi M, Kim MG, Park SR, Hwang DJ, Bae SC, Ahn IP. Arabidopsis cell death in compatible and incompatible interactions with Alternaria brassicicola. Mol Cells 2011; 31:593-601. [PMID: 21688205 PMCID: PMC3887621 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-2203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of necrotrophic Alternaria brassicicola, Ab40857 and Ab42464, are virulent on Korean cabbage and several wild types of Arabidopsis thaliana. Interaction between Ab42464 and Col-0 was compatible, whereas interaction between Ab40857 and Col-0 was incompatible. The loss of defense, no death (dnd) 1 function abrogated the compatibility between Ab42464 and Col-0, and the accelerated cell death (acd) 2 mutation attenuated the Col-0's resistance against Ab40857. These two fungal strains induced PR1 transcription in Col-0. Ab40857 accelerated transcription of PDF1.2, THI2.1, CAT, and POX by 12 h compared to those challenged with Ab42464. More abundant cell death was observed in Col-0 infected with Ab42464, however, callose deposition was evident in the incompatible interaction. Remarkably, Ab40857-infected areas of acd2-2 underwent rampant cell death and Ab42464 triggered callose production in dnd1-1. Furthermore, the incompatibility between Ab40857 and Col-0 was nullified by the coronatine-insensitive 1 (coi1) and phytoalexin-deficient 3 (pad3) mutations but not by nonexpresser of PR genes (npr1) and pad4. Ab40857 induced abundant cell death in pad3. Taken together, cell death during the early infection stage is a key determinant that discriminates between a compatible interaction and an incompatible one, and the resistance within Col-0 against Ab40857 is dependent on a defense-signaling pathway mediated by jasmonic acid and PAD3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamad Su’udi
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Sang-Ryeol Park
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Duk-Ju Hwang
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Shin-Chul Bae
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Il-Pyung Ahn
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mukherjee AK, Carp MJ, Zuchman R, Ziv T, Horwitz BA, Gepstein S. Proteomics of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to infection with Alternaria brassicicola. J Proteomics 2009; 73:709-20. [PMID: 19857612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the proteome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana infected with a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Alternaria brassicicola. The Arabidopsis-A. brassicicola host-pathogen pair is being developed as a model genetic system for incompatible plant-fungal interactions, in which the spread of disease is limited by plant defense responses. After confirming that a defense response was induced at the transcriptional level, we identified proteins whose abundance on 2-DE gels increased or decreased in infected leaves. At least 11 protein spots showed reproducible differences in abundance, increasing or decreasing during the progress of the infection. The pathogenesis-related protein PR4, a glycosyl hydrolase, and the antifungal protein osmotin are strongly up-regulated. Two members of the Arabidopsis glutathione S-transferase (GST) family increased in abundance in infected leaves. The spots in which these GST proteins were identified contain additional members of the GST family. Representation of GST family members in several protein spots migrating at similar molecular weight suggests post-translational modifications. The signature of GST regulation may be specific for the type of plant-pathogen interaction. The proteomic view of the defense response to A. brassicicola can be compared with other types of plant-pathogen interactions, and to leaf senescence, identifying unique regulatory patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arup K Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|