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Xu P, Dong S, Wu L, Bai Y, Bi X, Li Y, Shu C. Maternal and Placental DNA Methylation Changes Associated with the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010070. [PMID: 36615730 PMCID: PMC9823627 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important metabolic complication of pregnancy, which affects the future health of both the mother and the newborn. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely clear, but what is clear is that with the development and growth of the placenta, GDM onset and blood glucose is difficult to control, while gestational diabetes patients' blood glucose drops and reaches normal after placenta delivery. This may be associated with placental secretion of insulin-like growth factor, adipokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, cytokines and insulin resistance. Therefore, endocrine secretion of placenta plays a key role in the pathogenesis of GDM. The influence of DNA methylation of these molecules and pathway-related genes on gene expression is also closely related to the pathogenesis of GDM. Here, this review attempts to clarify the pathogenesis of GDM and the related maternal and placental DNA methylation changes and how they affect metabolic pathways.
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Kang YE, Yi HS, Yeo MK, Kim JT, Park D, Jung Y, Kim OS, Lee SE, Kim JM, Joung KH, Lee JH, Ku BJ, Lee M, Kim HJ. Increased Pro-Inflammatory T Cells, Senescent T Cells, and Immune-Check Point Molecules in the Placentas of Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e338. [PMID: 36513052 PMCID: PMC9745681 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy. To define the altered pathway in GDM placenta, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles from human placenta between GDM and controls. METHODS Clinical parameters and postpartum complications were reviewed in all participants. Differentially expressed canonical pathways were analyzed between the GDM and control groups based on transcriptomic analysis. CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and senescent T cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry based on staining for specific intracellular cytokines. RESULTS Gene ontology analysis revealed that the placenta of GDM revealed upregulation of diverse mitochondria or DNA replication related pathways and downregulation of T-cell immunity related pathways. The maternal placenta of the GDM group had a higher proportion of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells than the control group. Interestingly, senescent CD4+ T cells tended to increase and CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in GDM compared to controls, along with increased programmed cell death-1 (CD274+) expression. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in syncytotrophoblasts was also significantly increased in patients with GDM. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated increased proinflammatory T cells, senescent T cells and immune-check point molecules in GDM placentas, suggesting that changes in senescent T cells and immune-escape signaling might be related to the pathophysiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Eun Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Danbit Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yewon Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Ok Soon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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Analysis of serum circulating MicroRNAs level in Malaysian patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20295. [PMID: 36434110 PMCID: PMC9700700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a severe global issue that requires immediate attention. MicroRNA expression abnormalities are possibly disease-specific and may contribute to GDM pathological processes. To date, there is limited data on miRNA profiling in GDM, especially that involves a longitudinal study. Here, we performed miRNA expression profiling in the entire duration of pregnancy (during pregnancy until parturition and postpartum) using a miRNA- polymerase chain reaction array (miRNA-PCRArray) and in-silico analysis to identify unique miRNAs expression and their anticipated target genes in Malay maternal serum. MiRNA expression levels and their unique potential as biomarkers were explored in this work. In GDM patients, the expression levels of hsa-miR-193a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-23a, and hsa-miR-361 were significantly increased, but miR-130a was significantly downregulated. The area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve study demonstrated that hsa-miR-193a (AUC = 0.89060 ± 04,470, P = 0.0001), hsa-miR-21 (AUC = 0.89500 ± 04,411, P = 0.0001), and miR-130a (AUC = 0.6939 ± 0.05845, P = 0.0025) had potential biomarker features in GDM. In-silico analysis also revealed that KLF (Kruppel-Like family of transcription factor), ZNF25 (Zinc finger protein 25), AFF4 (ALF transcription elongation factor 4), C1orf143 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2869), SRSF2 (serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2), and ZNF655 (Zinc finger protein 655) were prominent genes targeted by the common nodes of miR23a, miR130, miR193a, miR21, and miR361.Our findings suggest that circulating microRNAs in the first trimester has the potential for GDM screening in the Malay population.
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Alekseenkova EN, Selkov SA, Kapustin RV. Fetal growth regulation via insulin-like growth factor axis in normal and diabetic pregnancy. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:947-960. [PMID: 35363447 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy and gestational diabetes remain a considerable cause of pregnancy complications, and fetal macrosomia is among them. Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and components of their signal-transduction axes belong to the predominant growth regulators and are implicated in glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the association between the IGF axis and fetal anthropometric parameters in human diabetic pregnancy. METHODS PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and CNKI databases (1981-2021) were searched. RESULTS Maternal and cord serum IGF-I levels are suggested to be positively associated with weight and length of neonates born to mothers with type 1 DM. The results concerning IGF-II and IGFBPs in type 1 DM or any of the IGF axis components in type 2 DM remain controversial. The alterations of maternal serum IGFs concentrations throughout diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancy do not appear to be the same. Maternal 1st trimester IGF-I level is positively associated with fetal birth weight in DM. CONCLUSIONS Research on the IGF axis should take gestational age of sampling, presence of DM, and insulin administration into account. Maternal 1st trimester IGF-I level might become a predictor for macrosomia development in diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Alekseenkova
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Selkov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Kapustin
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Aji AS, Lipoeto NI, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Kusmayanti NA, Susanto I, Nurunniyah S, Alfiana RD, Wahyuningsih W, Majidah NM, Vimaleswaran KS. Impact of maternal dietary carbohydrate intake and vitamin D-related genetic risk score on birth length: the Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:690. [PMID: 36071390 PMCID: PMC9450237 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our objectives were to investigate the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and IGF-1 levels in healthy Minangkabau pregnant mothers and their impact on newborn anthropometry outcomes and to examine whether this relationship was modified by dietary intake using a nutrigenetic approach. Methods Healthy singleton pregnant mother and infant pairs (n = 183) were recruited. We created three genetic risk scores (GRSs): a six-SNP GRS based on six vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in the synthesis of vitamin D (vitamin D-GRS), a two-SNP GRS using SNPs in VDR genes (VDR-GRS) and a four-SNP GRS using SNPs from DHCR7, GC, CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 genes (non-VDR GRS). The effect of the GRSs on IGF-1, vitamin D and newborn anthropometry and the interaction between the GRSs and dietary factors were tested using linear regression analysis. Results The vitamin D- and non-VDR GRSs were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively); however, there was no significant association with IGF-1, and newborn anthropometry outcomes. However, there was a significant interaction of VDR-GRS with carbohydrate intake on birth length outcome (Pinteraction = 0.032). Pregnant mothers who had higher carbohydrate intake (405.88 ± 57.16 g/day) and who carried ≥ 2 risk alleles of VDR-GRS gave birth to babies with significantly lower birth lengths compared to babies born to mothers with < 2 risk alleles (p = 0.008). Conclusion This study identified a novel interaction between VDR-GRS and carbohydrate intake on birth length outcome. These findings suggest that reducing the intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy, particularly for those who have a higher genetic susceptibility, might be an effective approach for preventing foetal growth abnormalities.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-05020-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sabta Aji
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia.,Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Yusrawati Yusrawati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Isman Susanto
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurunniyah
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Devi Alfiana
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Nur Mukhlishoh Majidah
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, UK. .,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Deep Insight of the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172672. [PMID: 36078079 PMCID: PMC9455072 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a severe metabolic disorder, which consistently requires medical care and self-management to restrict complications, such as obesity, kidney damage and cardiovascular diseases. The subtype gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs during pregnancy, which severely affects both the mother and the growing foetus. Obesity, uncontrolled weight gain and advanced gestational age are the prominent risk factors for GDM, which lead to high rate of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Zn in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in GDM will help researchers to design drugs for the optimal management of the condition without affecting the mother and foetus. This review article is focused on the molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of GDM and the probable biomarkers, which can be helpful for the early diagnosis of the condition. The early diagnosis of the metabolic disorder, most preferably in first trimester of pregnancy, will lead to its effective long-term management, reducing foetal developmental complications and mortality along with safety measures for the mother.
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Tsantekidou I, Evangelinakis N, Bargiota A, Vrachnis N, Kalantaridou S, Valsamakis G. Macrosomia and fetal growth restriction: evidence for similar extrauterine metabolic risks but with differences in pathophysiology. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:8450-8455. [PMID: 34555989 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1980531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate and compare the causes of macrosomia and FGR fetuses, their ultrasound characteristics and the importance of their similar metabolic profile in intrauterine and extrauterine life. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Pubmed/Google Scholar database up until 15 December 2020 using keywords. Out of the 70 matching results we selected 50 most representative and matching papers. RESULTS We found similar causes and metabolic profiles and in both conditions offspring are at increased risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the extrauterine life. CONCLUSION Despite similarities of the maternal factors and fetal metabolic profile it is still unknown which of them has worse metabolic status during intrauterine and extrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Tsantekidou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Evangelinakis
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital "Aretaieion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
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Balachandiran M, Bobby Z, Dorairajan G, Gladwin V, Vinayagam V, Packirisamy RM. Decreased maternal serum adiponectin and increased insulin-like growth factor-1 levels along with increased placental glucose transporter-1 expression in gestational diabetes mellitus: Possible role in fetal overgrowth. Placenta 2020; 104:71-80. [PMID: 33285436 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placental glucose transporter - 1 (GLUT-1) is involved in the transplacental glucose transport to the fetus. GLUT-1 expressions are increased in diabetic pregnancies and associated with altered fetal growth. However, the factors regulating the GLUT-1 expressions are largely unknown. We hypothesised that maternal adipokines and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) modulate the placental expressions of GLUT-1 through the activation of insulin/IGF-1 signalling which may contribute to a fetal overgrowth in GDM. METHODS Maternal blood, cord blood and placental samples were collected from GDM and control pregnant women (CPW). The biochemical parameters, IGF1, adipokines, and high sensitive C- reactive protein were measured. We analysed the placental expressions of GLUT-1 and proteins related to insulin/IGF-1 signalling - insulin receptor -β, insulin receptor substrate - 1, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p110α, phospho Akt-1, phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and nuclear factor-κB p65 in GDM and CPW. RESULTS Increased maternal IGF-1 and decreased adiponectin levels were found in the GDM women. Maternal IGF-1 levels were positively correlated, whereas adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with the birth weight of GDM newborns. Increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK 1/2 was found in the placenta of GDM women. Placental expressions of GLUT-1 were significantly higher in the GDM women and positively correlated to the maternal IGF-1 levels in the GDM group. DISCUSSION Decreased maternal adiponectin and increased IGF-1 levels might have caused increased GLUT-1 expression via the increased activation of insulin/IGF-1 signalling in the placenta of GDM women which might have influenced the fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoharan Balachandiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Gowri Dorairajan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Victorraj Gladwin
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Vickneshwaran Vinayagam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Rajaa Muthu Packirisamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Gęca T, Kwaśniewska A. The Influence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus upon the Selected Parameters of the Maternal and Fetal System of Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP1-3)-A Review and a Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103256. [PMID: 33053704 PMCID: PMC7600633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as impaired glucose tolerance with onset or first recognition in pregnancy, increases the risk of not only maternal but also fetal and neonatal complications. Given the structural similarity of insulin-like growth factors with insulin and participation of components of the insulin-like growth factor system in glucose homeostasis, we hypothesized that the IGF axis is involved in the development of GDM complications or its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GDM on the selected parameters of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP1-3) in the maternal and fetal blood. METHODS The clinical material of this case-control study included 109 pregnant women and their offspring. The study group (n = 120) consisted of 60 patients with diagnosed gestational diabetes and their newborn babies. The control group (n = 98) comprised 49 healthy parturients and their offspring. We measured the concentrations of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, insulin and glucose made by the ELISA method in peripheral blood serum in patients suffering from GDM and pregnant women without GDM, and in the umbilical cord blood of newborn babies born to them. RESULTS The analysis of concentrations of IGF-1, -2 and IGFBP-3 in peripheral blood as well as umbilical cord blood did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group. Significantly lower concentration of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 in peripheral blood and in umbilical cord blood was detected in the study group in comparison to the control group. A statistically positive correlation between the concentration of IGF-1 in umbilical cord serum of newborn babies born to women with gestational diabetes and the length of a baby after its birth was observed. CONCLUSIONS Gestational diabetes mellitus does not significantly affect the concentrations of IGF-1, -2, IGFBP-3 in the peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, but has the greatest influence on maternal and fetal IGFBP-2 concentrations. A positive correlation between the concentration of IGF-1 in umbilical cord blood and the length of a newborn suggests an influence of IGF-1 on the process of fetal development.
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Grigoryan OR, Absatarova YS, Mikheev RK, Andreeva EN. [Comparative morphofunctional analysis of the state of fetoplacental complex in diabetes mellitus (literature review)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:85-92. [PMID: 33351352 DOI: 10.14341/probl12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on placental morphofunctional changes in placenta of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. The detailed analysis of features of pathogenesis of various abnormalities of the fetoplacental complex depending on the type of diabetes, its influence on the formation of the placental vascular bed. The analysis of mechanisms of development of placenta formation disorders, pathologies of placental vascular bed, the role of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in villous maturation, placental weight gain, perinatal outcomes. The discussed anomalies have a significant impact on the fetoplacental complex, acting as epigenetic factors, forming the environment for the fetus, which may later affect the health of the unborn child. They lead to adverse perinatal outcomes, including high infant morbidity and mortality. Literature search was performed in Russian (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases in Russian and English languages. The free access to the full text of the articles was in priority. The selection of sources was prioritized for the period from 2016 to 2020. However, due to the lack of knowledge of the chosen topic, the selection of sources was dated from 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert K Mikheev
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
| | - Elena N Andreeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
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11
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Rahat B, Ali T, Sapehia D, Mahajan A, Kaur J. Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Epigenetic Biomarkers in Precision Medicine. Front Genet 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32849827 PMCID: PMC7431953 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) are a mixture of single- or double-stranded nucleic acids, released into the blood plasma/serum by different tissues via apoptosis, necrosis, and secretions. Under healthy conditions, ccfNAs originate from the hematopoietic system, whereas under various clinical scenarios, the concomitant tissues release ccfNAs into the bloodstream. These ccfNAs include DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), fetal DNA/RNA, and mitochondrial DNA/RNA, and act as potential biomarkers in various clinical conditions. These are associated with different epigenetic modifications, which show disease-related variations and so finding their role as epigenetic biomarkers in clinical settings. This field has recently emerged as the latest advance in precision medicine because of its clinical relevance in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. DNA methylation detected in ccfDNA has been widely used in personalized clinical diagnosis; furthermore, there is also the emerging role of ccfRNAs like miRNA and lncRNA as epigenetic biomarkers. This review focuses on the novel approaches for exploring ccfNAs as epigenetic biomarkers in personalized clinical diagnosis and prognosis, their potential as therapeutic targets and disease progression monitors, and reveals the tremendous potential that epigenetic biomarkers present to improve precision medicine. We explore the latest techniques for both quantitative and qualitative detection of epigenetic modifications in ccfNAs. The data on epigenetic modifications on ccfNAs are complex and often milieu-specific posing challenges for its understanding. Artificial intelligence and deep networks are the novel approaches for decoding complex data and providing insight into the decision-making in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Rahat
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divika Sapehia
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Worldwide obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in children and adolescents, with the consequent emergence of co-morbidities. Moreover, the maternal environment during pregnancy plays an important role in obesity, contributing to transgenerational transmission of the same and metabolic dysfunction. White adipose tissue represents a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal milieu. In this article, we review adipose tissue physiology and development, as well as maternal influences during the perinatal period that may lead to obesity in early postnatal life and adulthood. First, we describe the adipose tissue cell composition, distribution and hormonal action, together with the evidence of hormonal factors participating in fetal/postnatal programming. Subsequently, we describe the critical periods of adipose tissue development and the relationship of gestational and early postnatal life with healthy fetal adipose tissue expansion. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence showing that adipose tissue is an important target for nutritional, hormonal and epigenetic signals to modulate fetal growth. Finally, we describe nutritional, hormonal, epigenetic and microbiome changes observed in maternal obesity, and whether their disruption alters fetal growth and adiposity. The presented evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease concept, which proposes that the homeostatic system is affected during gestational and postnatal development, impeding the ability to regulate body weight after birth, thereby resulting in adult obesity. Consequently, we anticipate that promoting a healthy early-life programming of adipose tissue and increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms by which maternal factors affect the health of future generations may offer novel strategies for explaining and addressing worldwide health problems such as obesity.
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Widyawati SA, Suhartono S, Mexitalia M, Soejoenoes A. The Relationship between Pesticide Exposure and Umbilical Serum IGF-1 Levels and Low-birth Weight: A Case-control Study in Brebes, Indonesia. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:15-23. [PMID: 31905192 PMCID: PMC7024592 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2020.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight is very important for long-term physical, mental, health, and brain development. Pesticide exposure is thought to interfere with fetal growth, among others, through disruption of the function of the insulin-like growth hormone-1 (IGF-1) hormone. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and low-birth weight (LBW) through the disruption of the IGF-1 hormone. METHODS In a case-control study, babies born with LBW (birth weight <2500 g) and those born later with normal birth weight (=2500 g) at 2 hospitals in Brebes were chosen as cases and controls, respectively. Maternal pesticide exposure was measured by interview using a questionnaire. Umbilical serum IGF-I level was tested using the ELISA method. RESULTS There was a significant relationship between pesticide exposure during pregnancy and LBW (OR 6.8; 95% CI 2.0 to 22.9) and low umbilical serum IGF-1 levels (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 11.1). There was a significant relationship between low umbilical serum IGF-1 levels and LBW (OR 8.9; 95% CI 2.4 to 32.1). CONCLUSION There was a significant relationship between pesticide exposure during pregnancy and LBW through the umbilical serum IGF-1 reduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Ambar Widyawati
- Public Health Study Programme, Faculty of Health Science, Ngudi Waluyo University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Suhartono Suhartono
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
| | - Maria Mexitalia
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ariawan Soejoenoes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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14
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Cell-free nucleic acids in prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy-associated diseases. EJIFCC 2019; 30:215-223. [PMID: 31263394 PMCID: PMC6599189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a great effort to find out the biological role of cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs). They are considered very promising targets in the diagnosis of genetic diseases. Non-invasive sampling (liquid biopsy) has recently become a very popular method, and new molecular biological techniques have been developed for these types of samples. Application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is spreading fast. These are the part of the arsenal of the modern prenatal genetic diagnostic laboratories by now. Cell-free DNA based noninvasive prenatal testing accounts for more than half of the prenatal genetic tests performed, it is gradually replacing the invasive amniocentesis or chorionic villus sample-based diagnostics. Besides that, new non-coding RNAs are taking more attention: microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) are in the focus of the clinical research to detect the most common pregnancy-associated diseases, like preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, congenital heart diseases and gestational diabetes. The research is at advanced stage on the use of microRNAs, while lncRNAs and circRNAs are still promising targets. In this review, comprehensive information is given about the recent developments on this field.
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15
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Enhanced PDGF signaling in gestational diabetes mellitus is involved in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:402-407. [PMID: 31217075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is often accompanied by the development of hyperinsulinemia as an adaptation to increased insulin demand, but this subsequently causes insulin resistance. Loss of function in pancreatic β-cells further aggravates the development of GDM. The level of serum platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) reportedly increases in GDM patients. The present study investigated whether enhanced PDGF signaling directly causes β-cell dysfunction during gestation. Serum PDGF levels were negatively correlated with β-cell function in GDM patients. Administration of PDGF-BB disrupted glucose tolerance and β-cell function without inducing apoptosis in gestational mice but had no similar effect in non-gestational mice. The β-cell-specific genes encoding insulin synthesis proteins were decreased in the islets of PDGF-BB-treated gestational mice. In vitro experiments using INS1 insulinoma cells showed that PDGF-BB promoted cell proliferation, whereas it downregulated β-cell-specific genes. Taken together, these findings suggested that PDGF reduces β-cell function during gestation possibly through β-cell dedifferentiation.
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16
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Wang XR, Wang WJ, Yu X, Hua X, Ouyang F, Luo ZC. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis Biomarkers and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:444. [PMID: 31354622 PMCID: PMC6639773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has been implicated in glucose homeostasis. It is plausible to hypothesize that the IGF axis is involved in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In a systematic review of the evidence on IGF axis biomarkers in relation to GDM, we searched the PubMed and EMBASE for publications up to May 31, 2018, on the associations of circulating IGF axis biomarkers with GDM. Eligible studies must meet the pre-specified quality assessment criteria. Meta-analyses were conducted where there were at least three studies on the same biomarker at the same gestational age window-early (<20 weeks), mid (20-29 weeks), or late (30+ weeks) gestation. Twelve studies were included (484 GDM, 1755 euglycemic pregnancies). Meta-analyses showed that GDM was consistently associated with higher IGF-I concentrations in mid-gestation (six studies) and late gestation (six studies). There were only two studies on IGF-I in early gestation and GDM with inconsistent findings. GDM was associated with lower IGFBP-2 concentrations in early, mid-, or late gestation, according to data from one or two studies. GDM was associated with higher IGFBP-3 concentrations in late gestation according to a meta-analysis of five studies. There was no association with GDM for IGFBP-3 in early or mid-gestation, according to data from one study. Other IGF axis biomarkers (IGF-II, IGFBP-1,-4,-5-6, and -7) showed no or inconsistent associations, and the data at early gestation were scanty or absent. Available evidence is suggestive but inconclusive concerning whether the IGF axis is involved in the development of GDM. More studies on IGF axis biomarkers in early gestation are warranted. If a specific IGF axis molecule is proven to be involved in the development of GDM, this may point to a new molecular target for designing interventions to reduce the incidence of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Rui Wang
- Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fengxiu Ouyang
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Cheng Luo
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17
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Kintiraki E, Goulis DG. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches. Metabolism 2018; 86:91-101. [PMID: 29627447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disease of pregnancy, associated with several perinatal complications. Adequate glycemic control has been proved to decrease risk of GDM-related complications. Several studies have shown the beneficial effect of exercise and medical nutrition treatment on glycemic and weight control in GDM-affected women. Moreover, pharmacological agents, such as insulin and specific oral anti-diabetic agents can be prescribed safely during pregnancy, decreasing maternal blood glucose and, thus, perinatal adverse outcomes. Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches that include both lifestyle modifications (medical nutritional therapy and daily physical exercise) and pharmacological treatment, in cases of failure of the former, constitute the most effective approach. Insulin is the gold standard pharmacological agent for GDM treatment. Metformin and glyburide are two oral anti-diabetic agents that could serve as alternative, although not equal in terms of effectiveness and safety, treatment for GDM. As studies on short-term safety of metformin are reassuring, in some countries it is considered as first-line treatment for GDM management. More studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects on offspring. As safety issues have been raised on the use of glyburide during pregnancy, it must be used only when benefits surpass possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kintiraki
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Nahavandi S, Seah JM, Shub A, Houlihan C, Ekinci EI. Biomarkers for Macrosomia Prediction in Pregnancies Affected by Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 30108547 PMCID: PMC6079223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large birthweight, or macrosomia, is one of the commonest complications for pregnancies affected by diabetes. As macrosomia is associated with an increased risk of a number of adverse outcomes for both the mother and offspring, accurate antenatal prediction of fetal macrosomia could be beneficial in guiding appropriate models of care and interventions that may avoid or reduce these associated risks. However, current prediction strategies which include physical examination and ultrasound assessment, are imprecise. Biomarkers are proving useful in various specialties and may offer a new avenue for improved prediction of macrosomia. Prime biomarker candidates in pregnancies with diabetes include maternal glycaemic markers (glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, glycosylated hemoglobin) and hormones proposed implicated in placental nutrient transfer (adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1). There is some support for an association of these biomarkers with birthweight and/or macrosomia, although current evidence in this emerging field is still limited. Thus, although biomarkers hold promise, further investigation is needed to elucidate the potential clinical utility of biomarkers for macrosomia prediction for pregnancies affected by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jas-mine Seah
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Houlihan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Seck A, Hichami A, Doucouré S, Diallo Agne F, Bassène H, Ba A, Sokhna C, Khan NA, Samb A. Th1/Th2 Dichotomy in Obese Women with Gestational Diabetes and Their Macrosomic Babies. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8474617. [PMID: 30539027 PMCID: PMC6261071 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8474617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess T cell differentiation and the modulation of inflammatory cytokines in obese and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women and their macrosomic newborns. Hence, immediately after delivery, blood samples were collected through the mother's arm vein and the umbilical cordon vein. Biochemical parameters measured were HbA1C, glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Tchol), HDL cholesterol (HDLchol), and LDL cholesterol (LDLchol). T lymphocytes were purified from the total blood with Ficoll-Paque. The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in T cells was determined by RT-qPCR. We observed that diabetic mothers exhibited higher HbA1C, glycemia, insulinemia, TG, Tchol, HDLchol, and LDLchol levels than control mothers. Glycemia was not significantly different between macrosomic and control newborns. However, insulinemia was high in macrosomic babies. TG, Tchol, HDLchol, and LDLchol were not significantly different between macrosomic and control babies. In diabetic mothers, mRNA expression of the Th1 cell subtype was significantly increased. Th1 markers were upregulated in babies born to diabetic women than in control newborns. However, expression of two Th2 markers (GATA3 and IL-4) was not significantly different between control and GDM women and between their respective newborns. Interestingly, IL-10 mRNA expression was decreased in diabetic mothers and their offsprings. The Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio was increased in GDM obese mothers and their macrosomic newborns, suggesting a proinflammatory status in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Seck
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - A. Hichami
- U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, Dijon 21000, France
| | - S. Doucouré
- Institute of Research for Development, VITROME Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, CP18524 Dakar, Senegal
| | - F. Diallo Agne
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - H. Bassène
- Institute of Research for Development, VITROME Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, CP18524 Dakar, Senegal
| | - A. Ba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- UMI 3189, “Environnement, Santé, Sociétés”, CNRS, CNRST, Université Bamako-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C. Sokhna
- Institute of Research for Development, VITROME Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, CP18524 Dakar, Senegal
| | - N. A. Khan
- U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, Dijon 21000, France
| | - A. Samb
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- UMI 3189, “Environnement, Santé, Sociétés”, CNRS, CNRST, Université Bamako-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
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20
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Guarino E, Delli Poggi C, Grieco GE, Cenci V, Ceccarelli E, Crisci I, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Updates and Perspectives. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6380463. [PMID: 29849620 PMCID: PMC5924999 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6380463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance, with onset or first recognition during second or third trimester of gestation. It is estimated that approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM and that its prevalence is rising all over the world. Thus, the screening for abnormal glucose levels is generally recommended as a routine component of care for pregnant women. However, additional biomarkers are needed in order to predict the onset or accurately monitor the status of gestational diabetes. Recently, microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs demonstrated to modulate gene expression, have been proven to be secreted by cells of origin and can be found in many biological fluids such as serum or plasma. Such feature renders microRNAs as optimal biomarkers and sensors of in situ tissue alterations. Furthermore, secretion of microRNAs via exosomes has been reported to contribute to tissue cross talk, thus potentially represents, if disrupted, a mechanistic cause of tissue/cell dysfunction in a specific disease. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on circulating microRNAs and gestational diabetes mellitus with particular focus on the potential use of microRNAs as putative biomarkers of disease as well as a potential cause of GDM complications and β cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guarino
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Delli Poggi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Cenci
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Crisci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
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21
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Maslova E, Hansen S, Grunnet LG, Strøm M, Bjerregaard AA, Hjort L, Kampmann FB, Madsen CM, Baun Thuesen AC, Bech BH, Halldorsson TI, Vaag AA, Olsen SF. Maternal protein intake in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health at age 9-16 y: results from a Danish cohort of gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies and controls. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:623-636. [PMID: 28679553 PMCID: PMC5525114 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.128637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent years have seen strong tendencies toward high-protein diets. However, the implications of higher protein intake, especially during developmentally sensitive periods, are poorly understood. Conversely, evidence on the long-term developmental consequences of low protein intake in free-living populations remains limited.Objective: We examined the association of protein intake in pregnancy with offspring metabolic health at age 9-16 y in a longitudinal cohort that oversampled pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Design: Six hundred eight women with an index pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes mellitus and 626 controls enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort were used for the analysis. Protein (total, animal, vegetable) intake was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire in gestational week 25. The offspring underwent a clinical examination including fasting blood samples and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (subset of 650) from which metabolic outcomes were derived. Multivariable analyses were conducted applying a 1:1 substitution of carbohydrates for protein.Results: The mean ± SD protein intake in pregnancy was 93 ± 15 g/d (16% ± 3% of energy) in GDM-exposed women and 90 ± 14 g/d (16% ± 2% of energy) in control women. There were overall no associations between maternal protein intake and offspring fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We found that maternal total protein intake was associated with a tendency for a higher abdominal fat mass percentage (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: 0.40 SD; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.83 SD; P = 0.07) in GDM-exposed offspring and a tendency for a higher total fat mass percentage among male offspring (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: 0.33 SD; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.66 SD; P = 0.06), but a small sample size may have compromised the precision of the effect estimates. GDM-exposed offspring of mothers with a protein intake in the lowest decile (≤12.5% of energy compared with >12.5% of energy) had lower fasting insulin (ratio of geometric means: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.99; P = 0.04) and a tendency toward lower HOMA-IR (ratio of geometric means: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.02; P = 0.07), but there was no evidence of associations with body composition. Male offspring seemed to derive a similar benefit from a maternal low protein intake as did GDM-exposed offspring.Conclusions: Overall, our results provide little support for an association of maternal protein intake in pregnancy with measures of offspring metabolic health. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to determine whether low maternal protein intake in pregnancy may improve glucose homeostasis in GDM-exposed and male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Maslova
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Hansen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Groth Grunnet
- Department of Endocrinology–Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marin Strøm
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Hjort
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark;,Department of Endocrinology–Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Bach Kampmann
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark;,Department of Endocrinology–Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Camilla Møller Madsen
- Department of Endocrinology–Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - AC Baun Thuesen
- Department of Endocrinology–Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil Hammer Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland;,Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology–Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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22
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Mohsen AHA, Sallam S, Ramzy MM, Hamed EK. Investigating the Relationship between Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) in diabetic mother's breast milk and the blood serum of their babies. Electron Physician 2016; 8:2546-50. [PMID: 27504171 PMCID: PMC4965206 DOI: 10.19082/2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since research investigating IGF-1 levels in breast milk are few, the goal of this study was to analyze the IGF-1 levels in the breast milk of diabetic mothers as well as in the serum of their newborn babies and to identify what relationship exists between blood serum and IGF-1 milk levels through patient measurement of mothers and their babies. Methods This case control study was undertaken under the auspices of the Clinic of Neonatology at Al Minia University Pediatric Hospital over May 2012 through May 2013. With a total of 30 diabetic mothers and their babies forming the experimental group and the control group consisting of 15 non-diabetic mothers and their babies. A detailed medical history, anthropometric assessments, as well as the measurement of the baby’s serum IGF-1 and their mother’s breast milk IGF-1 levels were taken from all participants using ELSIA. The resulting data were analyzed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and measurements of descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square test, as well as the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results The Infants born to Diabetic Mothers (IDMs) demonstrated significantly greater anthropometric measurement. Both the serum levels and the milk IGF-1 levels as well as all of the physical measurements taken were found to have a positive correlation between the level of IGF-1 in mother’s milk and all of the anthropometric measurements studied with the exception of delivered baby’s length. Conclusion Higher levels of IGF-1 are present in the milk of diabetic mothers and the blood serum of their babies and this characteristic could be used as a prenatal biomarker for macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hakeem Abdel Mohsen
- MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al Minia University, Egypt
| | - Salem Sallam
- Ph.D., FABM, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al Minia University, Egypt
| | - Maggie M Ramzy
- Ph.D., Lecturer of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al Minia University, Egypt
| | - Eman Kamel Hamed
- M.Sc., Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al Minia University, Egypt
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Hichami A, Grissa O, Mrizak I, Benammar C, Khan NA. Role of T-Cell Polarization and Inflammation and Their Modulation by n-3 Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomia. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:3124960. [PMID: 27313878 PMCID: PMC4897714 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Th (T helper) cells are differentiated into either Th1 or Th2 phenotype. It is generally considered that Th1 phenotype is proinflammatory, whereas Th2 phenotype exerts anti-inflammatory or protective effects. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with a decreased Th1 phenotype, whereas macrosomia is marked with high expression of Th1 cytokines. Besides, these two pathological situations are marked with high concentrations of inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), known to play a pivotal role in insulin resistance. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may exert a beneficial effect by shifting Th1/Th2 balance to a Th2 phenotype and increasing insulin sensitivity. In this paper, we shed light on the role of T-cell malfunction that leads to an inflammatory and pathophysiological state, related to insulin resistance in GDM and macrosomia. We will also discuss the nutritional management of these pathologies by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hichami
- INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - O. Grissa
- INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - I. Mrizak
- INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - C. Benammar
- INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels (LAPRONA), Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid, 25000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - N. A. Khan
- INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
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Sobrevia L, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Barros E, Toledo L, Silva L, Pizarro C, Subiabre M, Villalobos R, Araos J, Toledo F, González M, Gutiérrez J, Farías M, Chiarello DI, Pardo F, Leiva A. Insulin Is a Key Modulator of Fetoplacental Endothelium Metabolic Disturbances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2016; 7:119. [PMID: 27065887 PMCID: PMC4815008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of the mother that associates with altered fetoplacental vascular function. GDM-associated maternal hyperglycaemia result in fetal hyperglycaemia, a condition that leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and altered L-arginine transport and synthesis of nitric oxide, i.e., endothelial dysfunction. These alterations in the fetoplacental endothelial function are present in women with GDM that were under diet or insulin therapy. Since these women and their newborn show normal glycaemia at term, other factors or conditions could be altered and/or not resolved by restoring normal level of circulating D-glucose. GDM associates with metabolic disturbances, such as abnormal handling of the locally released vasodilator adenosine, and biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol lipoproteins, or metabolic diseases resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and altered angiogenesis. Insulin acts as a potent modulator of all these phenomena under normal conditions as reported in primary cultures of cells obtained from the human placenta; however, GDM and the role of insulin regarding these alterations in this disease are poorly understood. This review focuses on the potential link between insulin and endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypercholesterolemia, and angiogenesis in GDM in the human fetoplacental vasculature. Based in reports in primary culture placental endothelium we propose that insulin is a factor restoring endothelial function in GDM by reversing ERS, hypercholesterolaemia and angiogenesis to a physiological state involving insulin activation of insulin receptor isoforms and adenosine receptors and metabolism in the human placenta from GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of QueenslandHerston, QLD, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Barros
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pizarro
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepción, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health)Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San SebastiánSantiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Song Y, Zhang S, Song W. Correlation between macrosomia body indices and maternal fasting blood glucose. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2015; 34:289-92. [PMID: 24798112 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2012.729107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To explore the significance of neonatal body indices in identifying pathological macrosomia, we implemented a retrospective study of 254 neonates, including: 100 macrosomia of diabetic pregnancies, 77 macrosomia of healthy pregnancies and 77 normal neonates of healthy pregnancies, using their birth weight, body length, head circumference and chest circumference, to calculate neonatal body indices, multiple regression analysis of the correlation between newborn body indices and maternal fasting blood glucose. The Quetelet Index and Kaup Index of diabetic macrosomia is higher than that of non-diabetic macrosomia; HC:CC (ratio between head circumference and chest circumference) is reversed (p < 0.05). The multiple regression equation of neonatal body indices to maternal fasting blood glucose is BG = 6.959 + 0.031 QI -4.482 × HC:CC. Quetelet index and HC:CC have linear relationship with maternal fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05). Compared with birth weight, Quetelet Index and HC:CC could better reflect the effect of maternal metabolism on the fetus and be of great significance in the prediction of fetal macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning Province , China
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Review: Endocrine regulation of placental phenotype. Placenta 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yessoufou A, Nekoua MP, Gbankoto A, Mashalla Y, Moutairou K. Beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids in gestational diabetes: consequences in macrosomia and adulthood obesity. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:731434. [PMID: 25961055 PMCID: PMC4415737 DOI: 10.1155/2015/731434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are increasingly being used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes and obesity. In this paper, we report data on the observed effects of omega-3 PUFA on major metabolic disorders and immune system disruption during gestational diabetes and their consequences on macrosomia. While controversies still exist about omega-3 PUFA effects on antioxidant status regarding the level of omega-3 PUFA in diet supplementation, their lipid-lowering effects are unanimously recognized by researchers. Animal studies have shown that omega-3 PUFA contributes to the maintenance of the immune defense system by promoting the differentiation of T helper (Th) cell to a Th2 phenotype in diabetic pregnancy and by shifting the Th1/Th2 ratio from a deleterious proinflammatory Th1 phenotype to a protective anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype in macrosomia and in adulthood obesity that results from macrosomia at birth. Based on the available evidence, international nutritional and food agencies recommend administration of omega-3 PUFA as triglyceride-lowering agents, for the prevention of cardiovascular disease risk and during human pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, studies targeting humans are still required to explore application of the fatty acids as supplement in the management of gestational diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akadiri Yessoufou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
- *Akadiri Yessoufou:
| | - Magloire P. Nekoua
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adam Gbankoto
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Yohana Mashalla
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
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Glucose, insulin, and oxygen interplay in placental hypervascularisation in diabetes mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:145846. [PMID: 25258707 PMCID: PMC4167234 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The placental vasculature rapidly expands during the course of pregnancy in order to sustain the growing needs of the fetus. Angiogenesis and vascular growth are stimulated and regulated by a variety of growth factors expressed in the placenta or present in the fetal circulation. Like in tumors, hypoxia is a major regulator of angiogenesis because of its ability to stimulate expression of various proangiogenic factors. Chronic fetal hypoxia is often found in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes as a result of fetal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia. Both are associated with altered levels of hormones, growth factors, and proinflammatory cytokines, which may act in a proangiogenic manner and, hence, affect placental angiogenesis and vascular development. Indeed, the placenta in diabetes is characterized by hypervascularisation, demonstrating high placental plasticity in response to diabetic metabolic derangements. This review describes the major regulators of placental angiogenesis and how the diabetic environment in utero alters their expression. In the light of hypervascularized diabetic placenta, the focus was placed on proangiogenic factors.
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Calcium sensing receptor in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2014; 35:632-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM) pregnancies have an increased risk of macrosomic infants and large placental mass, though the mechanisms explaining each of these is uncertain. We sought to evaluate the contribution of apoptosis to placental size and the expression of glucose transporters (SLC2A) in GDM pregnancies. Maternal age and pre-pregnancy body weight were documented. Newborn weights were recorded after delivery. Placentas 37-40-week gestation from control patients (no pregnancy complication) (n = 5), or with GDM (n = 5) were weighed immediately after delivery. Villous samples (4 mm diameter) were collected and divided into specimens; one was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for immunostaining using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and activated caspase-3. The other specimen was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C for active caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 gene expression analysis. Our results showed that maternal age and pre-pregnancy body weight were significantly higher in the GDM group when compared with those from the controls (P < 0.05). The mean neonatal birth weight and placenta weight were significantly higher in the GDM group compared with that from the controls (P < 0.05). The apoptotic index of placentas (0.05 ± 0.01 v. 0.17 ± 0.04, P < 0.04), active caspase-3 polypeptide fragments and PARP protein were significantly decreased in GDM placentas as compared with controls. Further, the level of placental SLC2A1 protein expression was ∼3-fold higher in GDM placentas. Our results suggest that reduced apoptosis in GDM placentas may contribute to increased placental tissue, which together with enhanced SLC2A1 expression, could play a role in fetal macrosomia.
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Magee TR, Ross MG, Wedekind L, Desai M, Kjos S, Belkacemi L. Gestational diabetes mellitus alters apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression of trophobasts from human term placenta. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:448-59. [PMID: 24768206 PMCID: PMC4166519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increased placental growth secondary to reduced apoptosis may contribute to the development of macrosomia in GDM pregnancies. We hypothesize that reduced apoptosis in GDM placentas is caused by dysregulation of apoptosis related genes from death receptors or mitochondrial pathway or both to enhance placental growth in GDM pregnancies. METHODS Newborn and placental weights from women with no pregnancy complications (controls; N=5), or with GDM (N=5) were recorded. Placental villi from both groups were either fixed for TUNEL assay, or snap frozen for gene expression analysis by apoptosis PCR microarrays and qPCR. RESULTS Maternal, placental and newborn weights were significantly higher in the GDM group vs. Controls. Apoptotic index of placentas from the GDM group was markedly lower than the Controls. At a significant threshold of 1.5, seven genes (BCL10, BIRC6, BIRC7, CASP5, CASP8P2, CFLAR, and FAS) were down regulated, and 13 genes (BCL2, BCL2L1, BCL2L11, CASP4, DAPK1, IκBκE, MCL1, NFκBIZ, NOD1, PEA15, TNF, TNFRSF25, and XIAP) were unregulated in the GDM placentas. qPCR confirmed the consistency of the PCR microarray. Using Western blotting we found significantly decreased placental pro-apoptotic FAS receptor and FAS ligand (FASL), and increased mitochondrial anti-apoptotic BCL2 post GDM insult. Notably, caspase-3, which plays a central role in the execution-phase of apoptosis, and its substrate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were significantly down regulated in GDM placentas, as compared to non-diabetic Control placentas. CONCLUSION Maternal GDM results in heavier placentas with aberrant placental apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression that may account, at least partially, for macrosomia in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Magee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Health and Life Sciences at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Wedekind
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Siri Kjos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louiza Belkacemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA.
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Lappas M. Markers of endothelial cell dysfunction are increased in human omental adipose tissue from women with pre-existing maternal obesity and gestational diabetes. Metabolism 2014; 63:860-73. [PMID: 24684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the expression and release of genes involved in endothelial cell dysfunction in human placenta and omental adipose tissue. MATERIALS/METHODS Human placenta and omental adipose tissue were obtained from non-obese and obese normal glucose tolerant (NGT) women and women with GDM at the time of Caesarean section. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine the level of expression. Tissue explants were performed to determine the release of proteins of interest. RESULTS There was no effect of pre-existing maternal obesity or GDM on placental gene expression or secretion of members of the VEGF family members (PLGF and VEGF-A expression and secretion; sFlt-1 release; VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expression); FGFR1 mRNA expression, FGF2 mRNA expression and secretion; endoglin mRNA expression and secretion (sEng); and the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. On the other hand, in omental adipose tissue, pre-existing maternal obesity and GDM were associated with increased gene expression of PLGF, endoglin and ICAM-1 and increased secretion of PLGF, sFlt-1, FGF2, sEng and sICAM-1. There was, however, no effect of maternal pre-existing obesity and GDM on VEGF-A, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR1 and VCAM-1 expression or secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the presence of abnormal expression and secretion of angiogenic proteins and adhesion molecules in omental adipose tissue, but not placenta, from pregnant women with GDM and pre-existing maternal obesity. Increased angiogenic and adhesion molecules released from adipose tissue may affect angiogenesis, inflammation and or lipid and glucose metabolism in both mum and her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Ambra R, Manca S, Palumbo MC, Leoni G, Natarelli L, De Marco A, Consoli A, Pandolfi A, Virgili F. Transcriptome analysis of human primary endothelial cells (HUVEC) from umbilical cords of gestational diabetic mothers reveals candidate sites for an epigenetic modulation of specific gene expression. Genomics 2014; 103:337-48. [PMID: 24667242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the complex pathological picture associated to diabetes, high glucose (HG) has "per se" effects on cells and tissues that involve epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression. In fetal tissues, epigenetic changes occur genome-wide and are believed to induce specific long term effects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) obtained at delivery from gestational diabetic women were used to study the transcriptomic effects of chronic hyperglycemia in fetal vascular cells using Affymetrix microarrays. In spite of the small number of samples analyzed (n=6), genes related to insulin sensing and extracellular matrix reorganization were found significantly affected by HG. Quantitative PCR analysis of gene promoters identified a significant differential DNA methylation in TGFB2. Use of Ea.hy926 endothelial cells confirms data on HUVEC. Our study corroborates recent evidences suggesting that epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression occurs with persistent HG and provides a background for future investigations addressing genomic consequences of chronic HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ambra
- Food and Nutrition Center of the Agricultural Research Council - CRA-NUT, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - S Manca
- Food and Nutrition Center of the Agricultural Research Council - CRA-NUT, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - M C Palumbo
- Food and Nutrition Center of the Agricultural Research Council - CRA-NUT, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; Institute for Computing Applications M. Picone, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G Leoni
- Food and Nutrition Center of the Agricultural Research Council - CRA-NUT, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - L Natarelli
- Food and Nutrition Center of the Agricultural Research Council - CRA-NUT, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - A De Marco
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Aging Research Center, Center of Excellence for Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A Consoli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Aging Research Center, Center of Excellence for Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A Pandolfi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Aging Research Center, Center of Excellence for Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - F Virgili
- Food and Nutrition Center of the Agricultural Research Council - CRA-NUT, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Chandler-Laney PC, Bush NC, Rouse DJ, Mancuso MS, Gower BA. Gut hormone activity of children born to women with and without gestational diabetes. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:53-62. [PMID: 23364910 PMCID: PMC3651744 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What is already known about this subject Children born to women with gestational diabetes have greater risk for obesity. Obesity in adults and children is associated with blunted postprandial gut hormone responses. What this study adds Children of women with gestational diabetes have a blunted postprandial response of GLP-1. Children of women with gestational diabetes have high fasting PYY concentrations. BACKGROUND Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risk for obesity. Obesity is associated with a blunted postprandial gut hormone response, which may impair satiety and thereby contribute to weight gain. The postprandial response of gut hormones among children of women with GDM has not previously been investigated. OBJECTIVE To examine whether children of women with GDM have suppressed peptide-tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), and higher concentrations of ghrelin, following a meal challenge. A secondary objective was to investigate associations of these hormones with children's free-living energy intake. METHODS Children (n = 42) aged 5-10 years were stratified into two groups: offspring of GDM mothers (OGD) and of non-diabetic mothers (CTRL). Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and circulating PYY, GLP-1 and total ghrelin were measured during a liquid meal challenge. Energy intake was assessed by three 24-h diet recalls. RESULTS Between-groups analyses of fasting and incremental area under the curve (AUC) found no differences in ghrelin. Incremental AUC for GLP-1 was greater among the CTRL vs. OGD (P < 0.05), and fasting PYY, but not incremental AUC, was higher among OGD vs. CTRL (P < 0.01). Associations of fasting and incremental AUC for each gut hormone with children's usual energy intake did not differ significantly by group. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to more fully examine the potential role of postprandial GLP-1 suppression and high-fasting PYY concentrations on the feeding behaviour and risk for obesity among children exposed to GDM in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikki C. Bush
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dwight J. Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa S. Mancuso
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Mossayebi E, Arab Z, Rahmaniyan M, Almassinokiani F, Kabir A. Prediction of neonates' macrosomia with maternal lipid profile of healthy mothers. Pediatr Neonatol 2014; 55:28-34. [PMID: 23911877 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to identify the association between the lipid profile of healthy nondiabetic, nonobese pregnant women in the first weeks of the third trimester of pregnancy and macrosomia or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates with normal pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cohort study, 200 pregnant healthy women without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), obesity, or hypertension and carrying a single fetus in a prenatal clinic of a referral hospital were included based on a convenience sampling. Then, we took a blood sample to assess fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). GDM was assessed after administering 50 g of oral glucose. All cases were followed until the end of pregnancy. The main outcome measurement was neonatal birth weight. RESULTS Only 154 mothers met eligibility criteria. There were eight cases (5.2%) with macrosomia (birth weight ≥ 4000 g) and 35 cases (22.7%) with LGA. Linear regression showed that mothers' TG and neonates' gender were independent predictors of the birth weight of the children (R-square = 0.52, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal FBS and TG are the most independent variables which can predict the presence of macrosomia (Nagelkerke R-square = 0.53, p < 0.001) and maternal TG and child gender are the most independent variables that can predict the presence of LGA in neonates of a healthy mother (Nagelkerke R-square = 0.49, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Maternal triglyceride levels may be a significant predictor of fetal size in late pregnancy but not in early pregnancy. Our study reinforces that this is true not only in the case of macrosomia (birth weight > 4500 g), but also for LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mossayebi
- Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Arab
- Assistant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Rahmaniyan
- Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Almassinokiani
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Ali Kabir
- Candidate of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Collares CVA, Evangelista AF, Xavier DJ, Takahashi P, Almeida R, Macedo C, Manoel-Caetano F, Foss MC, Foss-Freitas MC, Rassi DM, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Passos GA, Donadi EA. Transcriptome meta-analysis of peripheral lymphomononuclear cells indicates that gestational diabetes is closer to type 1 diabetes than to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5351-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Garcia-Vargas L, Addison SS, Nistala R, Kurukulasuriya D, Sowers JR. Gestational Diabetes and the Offspring: Implications in the Development of the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring. Cardiorenal Med 2012; 2:134-142. [PMID: 22851962 DOI: 10.1159/000337734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women who had previously been diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) is well established. There is increasing evidence that the offspring of women with GDM are at increased risk for the development of all components of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. Overall, it appears that these offspring have an increased risk for overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, higher blood pressure, renal disease, and type 2 diabetes. However, distinct differences in regional populations, lack of routine screening and treatment of GDM worldwide, and long follow-up periods for offspring represent a challenge in assessing the risk for development of these abnormalities in the offspring of women who have had GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Garcia-Vargas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Mo., USA
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Abstract
By its location between maternal and fetal bloodstreams the human placenta not only handles the materno-fetal transport of nutrients and gases, but may also be exposed to intrauterine conditions adversely affecting placental and fetal development. Such adverse conditions exist in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and have been associated with alterations in placental anatomy and physiology. These alterations are mainly based on changes on the micro-anatomical and/or even molecular level including aberrant villous vascularization, a disbalance of vasoactive molecules, and enhanced oxidative stress. The consequence thereof may be impaired fetal oxygenation and changes in transplacental nutrient supply. Although transplacental glucose flux is flow limited and independent of glucose transporter availability, transport of essential and nonessential amino acids and expression of genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism are significantly affected by GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Mormile R, Vittori G, De Michele M, Squarcia U, Quaini F. Is a deceptive role of IGF-1 in Sirt1–PARP1 interactions the primary step of postnatal regression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic mothers? Int J Cardiol 2012; 154:87-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has effects similar to insulin, reduces blood glucose level, improves insulin sensitivity and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes (GDM). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to estimate the concentration of IGF-1 in pregnant women with GDM and 3 months after delivery and find relationships between IGF-1 and clinical and biochemical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 67 women between 24th - 28th week of pregnancy were enrolled in the study (46 with GDM and 21 as a control group). All women underwent clinical and biochemical examinations. Concentrations of IGF-1, adiponectin, fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, CRP, fibrinogen were measured during pregnancy, additionally IGF-1 concentration was determined 3 months after delivery. RESULTS IGF-1, glucose, insulin, CRP, fibrinogen, lipids concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in women with GDM than in the control group (p<0.05). A significant decrease in IGF-1 concentration was observed in both groups after delivery. In the GDM group significant correlations between IGF-1 and BMI (r=0.370, p<0.05), insulin (r=0.469, p<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r=0.439, p<0.01) were observed. Regression analysis with IGF-1 as a dependent parameter showed that only BMI and insulin remained as predictors, explaining 32% of plasma IGF-1 variation. Re-evaluation after delivery revealed impaired glucose tolerance in 9% of the population studied. CONCLUSIONS Increased IGF-1 concentrations in pregnancy complicated with GDM may partly reflect metabolic disturbances, especially insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and may be one of possible compensatory reactions of the organism in response to these disturbances.
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Postnatal regression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic mothers: a crosstalk between Hox genes and epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene polymorphism? Int J Cardiol 2011; 150:340. [PMID: 21624686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Luedders DW, Bundschuh D, Hornemann A, Hoerster JC, Boemicke P, Köster F, Bohlmann MK. Heparanase expression in term placentas of diabetic patients and healthy controls. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 284:287-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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